PMC:2972690 / 18719-20791
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2972690","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2972690","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2972690","text":"Participants\nEighteen young adults (age 18–36, M = 24.0, 9 female), 18 elderly adults (age 64–85, M = 69.4, 9 female) and 20 PD patients (age 45–79, M = 61.8, 9 female) participated in the experiment after giving written informed consent. They were paid an amount of € 37 for participation and 5 cents for every correct reward trial with a maximum of € 6.40 for two blocks. Young adults were students at the University of Amsterdam. Elderly were recruited from a database of healthy elderly subjects1 who had previously expressed their interest in participation in cognitive aging research. Patients were recruited through Dutch national websites dedicated to PD's disease. Participants had normal or corrected-to normal vision, measured with the Landolt ring chart and were matched on IQ (crystallized IQ as measured by the “Nederlandse Lees Test Volwassenen” (NLV) and fluid IQ as measured by the “Raven Complex Forms”). None of the young and senior participants had a history of neurological or psychiatric disorders, mild cognitive impairment, eye movement or vision problems, or was taking any drugs influencing the central nervous system. The PD patients fulfilled formal diagnostic criteria for PD according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), had a mean disease duration of 7 years (range of onset 2–13 years) and a mean estimated motor subscore of 16.7 (range 6–38) on the UPDRS which could be labeled as moderately affected when compared to other studies using this measure (Morgante et al., 2006; Harrison et al., 2009). None of the patients suffered from tremors in the neck or head. Patients were asked to continue taking their medication at the required time on the day of testing, and tests were planned 60–90 min after medication intake. Nine patients were receiving dopamine precursors (levodopa/carbidopa), six were taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, three were on catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)-inhibitors and 14 patients were receiving one or more dopamine agonists. One patient did not take medication on a regular basis.","divisions":[{"label":"Title","span":{"begin":0,"end":12}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"21060805-16476674-30997983","span":{"begin":1523,"end":1527},"obj":"16476674"},{"id":"21060805-18951537-30997984","span":{"begin":1546,"end":1550},"obj":"18951537"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"21060805-16476674-30997983","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"21060805-18951537-30997984","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"21060805-16476674-30997983","span":{"begin":1523,"end":1527},"obj":"16476674"},{"id":"21060805-18951537-30997984","span":{"begin":1546,"end":1550},"obj":"18951537"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"21060805-16476674-30997983","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"21060805-18951537-30997984","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#93ecde","default":true},{"id":"MyTest","color":"#ecc493"}]}]}}