PMC:2944670 / 6980-8279 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2944670","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2944670","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2944670","text":"As a general definition, a hBCI is a combination of different signals including at least one BCI channel. Thus, it could be a combination of two BCI channels but, more importantly, also a combination of BCI and other biosignals [such as electromyographic (EMG), etc.] or special AT input devices (e.g., joysticks, switches, etc.). The control channels (BCI and other modalities) can operate different parts of the assistive device or all of them could be combined to allow users to smoothly switch from one control channel to the other depending on their preference and performance. An example of the former case is a neuroprostheses that uses residual movements for reaching objects and BCI for grasping. In the latter case, a muscular dystrophy patient may prefer to speak in the morning and switch to BCI in the afternoon when fatigue prevents him from being able to speak intelligibly. Moreover, in the case of progressive loss of muscular activity [as in muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal muscular atrophies] early BCI training while the user can still exploit her/his residual motor functions will increase long-term use of APs by smoothing the transition between the hybrid assistive device and pure BCI when muscular activity is too weak to operate the APs.","tracks":[]}