PMC:2940450 / 31491-33886
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2940450","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2940450","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2940450","text":"Support for this work was provided in part by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH071589 to Luiz Pessoa). We also thank the reviewers for many valuable insights that have helped improve the paper. Key Concept\nReward system Typically denotes a collection of interconnected structures that signal information related to rewards (among other functions). Major pathways include the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine systems, both of which originate in the ventral tegmental area and connect to multiple subcortical and cortical regions. Although we continue with the common practice of employing the term “reward system,” it should be noted that its function is quite diverse (e.g., regulation of effort and resource allocation), subject to debate, and not restricted to reward per se.\nDprime (d′) Perceptual sensitivity measure commonly employed in signal detection theory. By taking into account both hits (e.g., correct target identification) and false alarms (e.g., incorrectly identifying distracters as targets) d′ scores account for shifts in response criterion that are commonly observed under different reward conditions.\nIncentive motivation Present when an actor engages in effortful behavior to attain a valued goal. Incentives can be primary rewards, such as food items, or more abstract rewards, such as money. Often, highly-valued incentives, such as career goals, require complex behaviors that demand sustained motivation over prolonged time periods.\nHubs Regions of high connectivity that have a disproportionately large impact on regulating information flow. Hubs are regions within neural networks that, through their privileged connectivity patterns, are able to integrate information and influence the processing of multiple connecting regions, thus greatly influencing brain dynamics.\nLuiz Pessoa received his B.Sc. and M.Sc.in Computer Science in Brazil, and a Ph.D. in Computational Neuroscience at Boston University (1996). From 1999 until 2003, he was a Visiting Fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, in the laboratory headed by Leslie Ungerleider. After a few years at Brown University (2003–2006), he joined the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington, where he is an Associate Professor. His interests center on the interactions between cognition and emotion/motivation in the human brain.","divisions":[{"label":"ack","span":{"begin":0,"end":207}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":0,"end":207}},{"label":"title","span":{"begin":209,"end":220}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":235,"end":796}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":809,"end":1141}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1478}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":1484,"end":1818}}],"tracks":[]}