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{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2940414","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2940414","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2940414","text":"Multi-electrode electrical stimulation can serve several purposes: to deliver sensory input artificially, to modulate, or disrupt neural activity, and as a reinforcing or training signal. All of these were necessary for successful induction of goal-directed learning in vitro (Bakkum et al., 2008). The NeuroRighter stimulator is capable of stimulating with arbitrary waveforms from any electrode in a multi-electrode array (Figure 2). It improves on the RACS's 8-bit DAC by using the NI-6259’s 16-bit DAC, to produce very smooth stimulus waveforms with a wide dynamic range. Stimulus commands are generated in software, converted to analog signals by the NI-6259, buffered and monitored in custom analog circuitry, and directed to particular electrodes by a headstage-mounted multiplexor (Figure 1). The in vivo stimulator can be used in several different configurations: by itself (with no recording headstage), with recording systems from a variety of manufacturers, or with the complete NeuroRighter system. Further details of the stimulator can be found in Rolston et al. (2009a).","tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"20859448-18714127-38126413","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"18714127"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"20859448-18714127-38126413","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"20859448-104-112-173703","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"[\"18714127\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"20859448-104-112-173703","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"20859448-18714127-173703","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"18714127"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"20859448-18714127-173703","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93cd","default":true},{"id":"TEST0","color":"#93e8ec"},{"id":"0_colil","color":"#ecd693"}]}]}}