PMC:2813722 / 4253-6011
Annnotations
{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2813722","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2813722","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2813722","text":"One task that has been used to examine the neural correlates of EF in young children is the go/no-go task, in which children must respond on the majority of trials (go stimuli) but inhibit responding on certain trials (no-go stimuli) (e.g., Davis et al., 2003). Event-related fMRI research comparing adults and school-age children on go/no-go-type tasks indicates that several regions of prefrontal cortex, including ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (e.g., Bunge et al., 2002; Durston et al., 2002a,b), play an important role in successful performance on this task. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during performance on the task yield a well-studied ERP component, the N2, which in children is usually observed at medial-frontal sites between 250 and 500 ms following stimulus presentation (e.g., Davis et al., 2003; Lamm et al., 2006; Todd et al., 2008). N2 amplitude has been found to be larger on successful no-go trials than on go trials in both adults (e.g., Eimer, 1993; Falkenstein et al., 1999) and children (e.g., Johnstone et al., 2005; Lewis et al., 2006) although this is not always the case (e.g., see Nieuwenhuis et al., 2003 for adults, and Davis et al., 2003 for children). Consistent with fMRI results, source analyses of the N2 in adults have identified cortical generators in both dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (e.g., dorsal anterior cingulate cortex Nieuwenhuis et al., 2003) and ventral prefrontal cortex (Bokura et al., 2001), and similar results have been obtained with children (e.g., Lamm et al., 2006). In children, the location and activation strength of these sources appears to be related to individual differences in EF (Lamm et al., 2006) and emotion regulation (Lewis et al., 2006, 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