PMC:2812710 / 657-3046
Annnotations
MyTest
{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"19159925-15630515-28773025","span":{"begin":333,"end":337},"obj":"15630515"},{"id":"19159925-11851454-28773026","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1112},"obj":"11851454"},{"id":"19159925-18257531-28773027","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"18257531"},{"id":"19159925-16570960-28773028","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1521},"obj":"16570960"},{"id":"19159925-16768409-28773029","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1547},"obj":"16768409"},{"id":"19159925-16529430-28773030","span":{"begin":1564,"end":1568},"obj":"16529430"},{"id":"19159925-16153074-28773031","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1589},"obj":"16153074"},{"id":"19159925-11848958-28773032","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1906},"obj":"11848958"},{"id":"19159925-11848949-28773033","span":{"begin":2028,"end":2032},"obj":"11848949"},{"id":"19159925-17137734-28773034","span":{"begin":2185,"end":2189},"obj":"17137734"},{"id":"19159925-11848959-28773035","span":{"begin":2205,"end":2209},"obj":"11848959"},{"id":"19159925-12879496-28773036","span":{"begin":2353,"end":2357},"obj":"12879496"},{"id":"19159925-11848947-28773037","span":{"begin":2383,"end":2387},"obj":"11848947"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"Cyclodextrins (CDs) are well-known objects of supramolecular chemistry and glycoscience (Dodziuk 2006; Philp and Stoddart 1996; Szejti and Osa 1996; Wenz 1994). They are products of amylopectin enzymatic destruction by the action of extracellular enzymes, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTase, E.C. 2.4.1.19) (Qi and Zimmermann 2005). The more abundant and available of the CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of 6, 7, 8 D-glucose residues, connected with α (1 → 4) links and named α-, β- and γ-CD, respectively. The shape of these molecules resemble a hollow truncated cone with a central cavity, containing C3H and C5H carbons atoms and ester-like O-4 and O-5 oxygen atoms. The CD structure provides an external hydrophilic region and a rather hydrophobic inner cavity (Bender and Komiyama 1978). The number of sugar rings defines the size of the cavity and the flexibility of the CDs. CDs and their derivatives are well-known as molecular hosts capable of including, in their cavities, different guest molecules of appropriate size, shape, and polarity via non-covalent interactions (Connors 1997; Dodziuk 2006; Harada 1997; Saenger 1980; Szejti 2004). The apolar nature of their cavities (Harada 1997) allows CDs to act as hosts preferentially for nonpolar guests, which include small molecules and surfactants (Harada 1997; González-Pérez et al. 2008). The interactions of CDs with natural and synthetic polymers bearing attached hydrophobic tags have also been intensively studied (Beheshti et al. 2006; Burckbuchler et al. 2006; Charlot et al. 2006; Rinaudo et al. 2005; Sabadini and Cosgrove 2003). In addition, CD derivatives are being used as a core in the synthesis of star-like polymer systems (Hoogenboom et al. 2006). Cyclodextrins’ ability to form inclusion complexes with appropriate sized hydrophobic guest molecules is the most frequently applied property of CDs (Hedges 1998; Szejti 2004) and has been studied by spectroscopic, kinetic, and crystallographic methods (Dodziuk 2006; Saenger et al. 1998; Szejti and Osa 1996). CDs and their derivatives are considered to be potential carriers for hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds (Loftsson and Duchene 2007; Uekama et al. 1998). However, information about the properties of cyclodextrins molecules in diluted solution is still rather scarce (Dodziuk 2006; Nakata et al. 2003; Longsworth 1953; Szejti 1998)."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"19159925-15630515-28773025","span":{"begin":333,"end":337},"obj":"15630515"},{"id":"19159925-11851454-28773026","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1112},"obj":"11851454"},{"id":"19159925-18257531-28773027","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"18257531"},{"id":"19159925-16570960-28773028","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1521},"obj":"16570960"},{"id":"19159925-16768409-28773029","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1547},"obj":"16768409"},{"id":"19159925-16529430-28773030","span":{"begin":1564,"end":1568},"obj":"16529430"},{"id":"19159925-16153074-28773031","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1589},"obj":"16153074"},{"id":"19159925-11848958-28773032","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1906},"obj":"11848958"},{"id":"19159925-11848949-28773033","span":{"begin":2028,"end":2032},"obj":"11848949"},{"id":"19159925-17137734-28773034","span":{"begin":2185,"end":2189},"obj":"17137734"},{"id":"19159925-11848959-28773035","span":{"begin":2205,"end":2209},"obj":"11848959"},{"id":"19159925-12879496-28773036","span":{"begin":2353,"end":2357},"obj":"12879496"},{"id":"19159925-11848947-28773037","span":{"begin":2383,"end":2387},"obj":"11848947"}],"text":"Cyclodextrins (CDs) are well-known objects of supramolecular chemistry and glycoscience (Dodziuk 2006; Philp and Stoddart 1996; Szejti and Osa 1996; Wenz 1994). They are products of amylopectin enzymatic destruction by the action of extracellular enzymes, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTase, E.C. 2.4.1.19) (Qi and Zimmermann 2005). The more abundant and available of the CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of 6, 7, 8 D-glucose residues, connected with α (1 → 4) links and named α-, β- and γ-CD, respectively. The shape of these molecules resemble a hollow truncated cone with a central cavity, containing C3H and C5H carbons atoms and ester-like O-4 and O-5 oxygen atoms. The CD structure provides an external hydrophilic region and a rather hydrophobic inner cavity (Bender and Komiyama 1978). The number of sugar rings defines the size of the cavity and the flexibility of the CDs. CDs and their derivatives are well-known as molecular hosts capable of including, in their cavities, different guest molecules of appropriate size, shape, and polarity via non-covalent interactions (Connors 1997; Dodziuk 2006; Harada 1997; Saenger 1980; Szejti 2004). The apolar nature of their cavities (Harada 1997) allows CDs to act as hosts preferentially for nonpolar guests, which include small molecules and surfactants (Harada 1997; González-Pérez et al. 2008). The interactions of CDs with natural and synthetic polymers bearing attached hydrophobic tags have also been intensively studied (Beheshti et al. 2006; Burckbuchler et al. 2006; Charlot et al. 2006; Rinaudo et al. 2005; Sabadini and Cosgrove 2003). In addition, CD derivatives are being used as a core in the synthesis of star-like polymer systems (Hoogenboom et al. 2006). Cyclodextrins’ ability to form inclusion complexes with appropriate sized hydrophobic guest molecules is the most frequently applied property of CDs (Hedges 1998; Szejti 2004) and has been studied by spectroscopic, kinetic, and crystallographic methods (Dodziuk 2006; Saenger et al. 1998; Szejti and Osa 1996). CDs and their derivatives are considered to be potential carriers for hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds (Loftsson and Duchene 2007; Uekama et al. 1998). However, information about the properties of cyclodextrins molecules in diluted solution is still rather scarce (Dodziuk 2006; Nakata et al. 2003; Longsworth 1953; Szejti 1998)."}