> top > docs > PMC:2800179 > annotations

PMC:2800179 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

ICD10

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T7121 16695-16703 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/T14.9 denotes injuries
T15083 35227-35242 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K50.9 denotes Crohn's disease
T15084 35469-35484 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K50.9 denotes Crohn's disease
T15085 35677-35692 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K50.9 denotes Crohn's disease
T15086 37453-37468 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K50.9 denotes Crohn's disease
T15087 35328-35346 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K51 denotes ulcerative colitis
T15088 35328-35346 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10/K51.9 denotes ulcerative colitis

GO-CC

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T600 623-627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T601 894-898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T602 937-942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T603 1024-1029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T604 1273-1278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T605 623-635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009986 denotes cell surface
T606 1185-1193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T607 1185-1193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T1992 2684-2688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T1993 2820-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T1994 3224-3228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T1995 3260-3264 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T1996 3744-3748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T1997 4100-4104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T2807 6553-6557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T3977 8662-8666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T3978 9219-9223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T3979 9377-9385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T3980 9377-9385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T4227 9458-9462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T4228 9759-9763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T4229 9905-9910 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4547 10154-10158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T4548 10231-10236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4549 10368-10373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4550 10490-10495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4551 10738-10743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4552 10955-10960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4553 10154-10166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009986 denotes Cell Surface
T4554 10524-10534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibodies
T4555 10624-10632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T4556 10524-10534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibodies
T4557 10624-10632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T4715 11004-11009 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T4716 11239-11243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T5447 12747-12752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T6420 13028-13033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T6421 14045-14050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T6422 13585-13593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes membrane
T6423 14410-14418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes membrane
T6424 14458-14467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes Membranes
T6425 14554-14563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes Membranes
T6426 14791-14800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes Membranes
T6427 15324-15333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes membranes
T6428 13648-13656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T6429 13749-13757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T6430 14612-14620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T6431 14670-14678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T6432 15093-15101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T6433 13648-13656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T6434 13749-13757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T6435 14612-14620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T6436 14670-14678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T6437 15093-15101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T8047 18195-18200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8048 18568-18573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8049 18823-18828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8050 19090-19095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8051 19157-19162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8052 19340-19345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8659 20387-20391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T8660 20668-20672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T8661 20741-20746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8662 20810-20815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8663 20860-20865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8664 20907-20912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8665 20978-20983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8666 21126-21131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T8667 21262-21266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T9472 22068-22072 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T9473 22198-22202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T9474 23799-23803 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T9475 24199-24203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T9476 22068-22080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009986 denotes cell surface
T9477 22198-22210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009986 denotes cell surface
T9478 24080-24088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T9479 24103-24111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T9480 24140-24148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T9481 24166-24174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T9482 24366-24374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T9483 24080-24088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T9484 24103-24111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T9485 24140-24148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T9486 24166-24174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T9487 24366-24374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T9488 24135-24139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071735 denotes IgG1
T9489 24343-24347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071735 denotes IgG1
T9490 24135-24148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071736 denotes IgG1 antibody
T10958 25997-26007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000502 denotes proteasome
T10959 26463-26467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T10960 26759-26763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T10961 27148-27153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T10962 27340-27345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T10963 27602-27607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T10964 26463-26475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes cell nucleus
T10965 26759-26771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes cell nucleus
T10966 26468-26475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes nucleus
T10967 26764-26771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes nucleus
T10968 27323-27330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes nucleus
T10969 27029-27039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibodies
T10970 27029-27039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibodies
T15089 29722-29727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15090 32011-32016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15091 32152-32157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15092 32272-32277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15093 32590-32595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15094 33415-33420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15095 33526-33531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15096 33778-33783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15097 34028-34033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15098 34347-34352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15099 34782-34787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15100 34904-34909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15101 35198-35203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15102 35261-35266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15103 36421-36426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15104 36736-36741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15105 38159-38164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T15106 38188-38192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T15107 34157-34165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T15108 34157-34165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T15109 34293-34301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 denotes membrane
T15110 36044-36051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 denotes nucleus
T16272 19639-19644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T16604 21382-21386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T16605 21761-21765 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T16931 23052-23057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T16932 23274-23279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T16933 23457-23462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T16934 23157-23169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009986 denotes cell surface
T17277 24689-24697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T17278 25058-25066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T17279 24689-24697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T17280 25058-25066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody
T17281 24821-24826 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T17282 24908-24912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T18163 28051-28056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18164 28248-28253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18165 28562-28567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18166 29116-29121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18167 29221-29226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T18168 29411-29419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815 denotes antibody
T18169 29411-29419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571 denotes antibody

GO-MF

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T599 1185-1193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T1991 2769-2773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005153 denotes IL-8
T3641 8391-8394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3642 8450-8453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3643 8575-8578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3976 9377-9385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T4226 10065-10067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033968 denotes CA
T4544 10453-10460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005488 denotes binding
T4545 10524-10534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibodies
T4546 10624-10632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T5200 11308-11310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003964 denotes RT
T5201 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T5202 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T5203 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034062 denotes transcriptase
T5442 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045289 denotes Luciferase activity
T5443 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047077 denotes Luciferase activity
T5444 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047712 denotes Luciferase activity
T5445 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050248 denotes Luciferase activity
T5446 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050397 denotes Luciferase activity
T6413 13648-13656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T6414 13749-13757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T6415 14612-14620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T6416 14670-14678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T6417 15093-15101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T6418 13684-13686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033968 denotes CA
T6419 15364-15367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707 denotes ERK
T7120 16230-16254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes myeloperoxidase activity
T9467 24080-24088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T9468 24103-24111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T9469 24140-24148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T9470 24166-24174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T9471 24366-24374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T10952 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045289 denotes luciferase activity
T10953 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047077 denotes luciferase activity
T10954 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047712 denotes luciferase activity
T10955 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050248 denotes luciferase activity
T10956 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050397 denotes luciferase activity
T10957 27029-27039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibodies
T15080 32372-32375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T15081 34157-34165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T15082 34513-34520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005488 denotes binding
T15792 17431-17434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T17275 24689-24697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T17276 25058-25066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody
T17417 25593-25595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003964 denotes RT
T18161 28915-28918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707 denotes ERK
T18162 29411-29419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823 denotes antibody

GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T584 0-8 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T585 865-873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T586 1368-1376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T587 53-66 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990774 denotes TNF Secretion
T588 57-66 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes Secretion
T589 1241-1250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T590 216-225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T591 328-340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T592 481-493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T593 551-575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061517 denotes macrophage proliferation
T594 577-596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001816 denotes cytokine production
T595 894-912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T596 946-954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051318 denotes G1 phase
T597 1105-1125 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T598 1313-1329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T1955 1533-1542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T1956 3366-3375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T1957 3601-3610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T1958 2042-2050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T1959 4521-4529 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T1960 2082-2094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1961 2573-2585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1962 2979-2991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1963 3422-3434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1964 3501-3513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1965 3538-3550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1966 3705-3717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T1967 3265-3292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes response to an inflammatory
T1968 4450-4471 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response
T1969 2448-2457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007586 denotes digestion
T1970 2769-2784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032677 denotes IL-8 production
T1971 2769-2784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032637 denotes IL-8 production
T1972 2798-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061582 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T1973 2798-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060574 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T1974 2798-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060575 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T1975 2798-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060576 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T1976 2858-2879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes κB (NF-κB) activation
T1977 4338-4354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T1978 2903-2916 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T1979 2943-2962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467 denotes expression of genes
T1980 3224-3237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007155 denotes cell-adhesion
T1981 3224-3247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060352 denotes cell-adhesion molecules
T1982 3253-3273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002418 denotes immune cell response
T1983 3253-3273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 denotes immune cell response
T1984 3265-3301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002437 denotes response to an inflammatory stimulus
T1985 3724-3743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001865 denotes T-lymphocyte and NK
T1986 3724-3743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001866 denotes T-lymphocyte and NK
T1987 3724-3743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051132 denotes T-lymphocyte and NK
T1988 4100-4118 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T1989 4186-4206 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T1990 4244-4253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T2804 4660-4668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T2805 4701-4709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T2806 6170-6178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphate
T3085 6806-6814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T3086 6858-6866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes drinking
T3087 7224-7232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes drinking
T3634 8015-8027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T3635 8120-8132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T3636 8242-8251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T3637 8391-8394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3638 8450-8453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3639 8575-8578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T3640 8607-8618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T3974 9126-9142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098743 denotes cell aggregation
T3975 9131-9153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes aggregation, monocytes
T4223 9458-9468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes Cell Cycle
T4224 9505-9511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T4225 10065-10067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033968 denotes CA
T4714 11239-11251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906 denotes cell killing
T5196 11308-11310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003964 denotes RT
T5197 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T5198 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T5199 11489-11502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034062 denotes transcriptase
T5436 12451-12464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes Transcription
T5437 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045289 denotes Luciferase activity
T5438 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047077 denotes Luciferase activity
T5439 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047712 denotes Luciferase activity
T5440 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050248 denotes Luciferase activity
T5441 12899-12918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050397 denotes Luciferase activity
T6409 13174-13179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835 denotes lysis
T6410 13334-13342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007349 denotes cellular
T6411 13684-13686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033968 denotes CA
T6412 15364-15367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707 denotes ERK
T7112 15766-15774 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T7113 15842-15850 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T7114 15794-15806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes Inflammation
T7115 16193-16205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T7116 16381-16393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T7117 16470-16482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T7118 16230-16254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes myeloperoxidase activity
T7119 16866-16875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T8025 865-873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T8026 17732-17748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α Production
T8027 17824-17840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8028 18099-18115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8029 18274-18290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8030 18338-18354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8031 18587-18603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8032 18912-18928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8033 18957-18973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8034 19131-19147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T8035 17732-17748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α Production
T8036 17824-17840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8037 18099-18115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8038 18274-18290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8039 18338-18354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8040 18587-18603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8041 18912-18928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8042 18957-18973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8043 19131-19147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T8044 18548-18573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902107 denotes activator of immune cells
T8045 18548-18573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045321 denotes activator of immune cells
T8046 18548-18573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002694 denotes activator of immune cells
T8651 20347-20355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T8652 20369-20391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes Proliferation and Cell
T8653 20387-20397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes Cell Cycle
T8654 20656-20666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T8655 21030-21040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T8656 20753-20761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051318 denotes G1 phase
T8657 20876-20884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051318 denotes G1 phase
T8658 21142-21149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000279 denotes M phase
T9460 21942-21950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T9461 21978-21999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes Monocytes Aggregation
T9462 23607-23631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes aggregation of monocytes
T9463 23958-23978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T9464 24304-24324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T9465 24390-24410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T9466 23799-23815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098743 denotes cell aggregation
T9778 25092-25100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T9779 25206-25222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T9780 25206-25222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T10932 25764-25772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T10933 25982-25993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T10934 27547-27558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T10935 27657-27668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T10936 27740-27748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T10937 27900-27908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T10938 25825-25844 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467 denotes expression of genes
T10939 25932-25947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310 denotes phosphorylation
T10940 25982-26007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903009 denotes degradation by proteasome
T10941 26031-26054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes activation of the NF-κB
T10942 26093-26109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T10943 26270-26286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T10944 26897-26916 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes activation of NF-κB
T10945 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045289 denotes luciferase activity
T10946 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047077 denotes luciferase activity
T10947 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047712 denotes luciferase activity
T10948 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050248 denotes luciferase activity
T10949 26207-26226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050397 denotes luciferase activity
T10950 27310-27330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042348 denotes NF-κB in the nucleus
T10951 27847-27859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051179 denotes localisation
T14987 29501-29513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes Inflammation
T14988 29766-29778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14989 29921-29933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14990 30089-30101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14991 31209-31221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14992 31339-31351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14993 31589-31601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14994 31714-31726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14995 31789-31801 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14996 37617-37629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T14997 29664-29680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T14998 29703-29727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030154 denotes differentiate into cells
T14999 29959-29968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15000 30273-30282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15001 33640-33649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15002 34003-34012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15003 34223-34232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15004 34430-34439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15005 38324-38333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T15006 30148-30168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045321 denotes leukocyte activation
T15007 32965-32985 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045321 denotes leukocyte activation
T15008 30254-30282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050715 denotes stimulate cytokine secretion
T15009 30264-30282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050663 denotes cytokine secretion
T15010 34421-34439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050663 denotes cytokine secretion
T15011 30367-30376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 denotes sulphated
T15012 30659-30667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15013 30771-30779 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15014 33035-33043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15015 35051-35059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15016 35503-35511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15017 36246-36254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15018 38516-38524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15019 31080-31089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007586 denotes digestion
T15020 31855-31873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T15021 32212-32230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T15022 36598-36616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T15023 38113-38131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283 denotes cell proliferation
T15024 31903-31926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061516 denotes monocytes proliferation
T15025 32372-32375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T15026 32479-32506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042116 denotes activation into macrophages
T15027 32550-32567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes production of TNF
T15028 32647-32664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes production of TNF
T15029 37295-37311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 denotes TNF-α production
T15030 32794-32813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042117 denotes monocyte activation
T15031 33205-33224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042117 denotes monocyte activation
T15032 34830-34849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042117 denotes activated monocytes
T15033 35528-35546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042117 denotes activate monocytes
T15034 33072-33080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007349 denotes cellular
T15035 37983-37991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007349 denotes cellular
T15036 33556-33571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032496 denotes response to LPS
T15037 33636-33649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990774 denotes TNF secretion
T15038 33999-34012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990774 denotes TNF secretion
T15039 34219-34232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990774 denotes TNF secretion
T15040 33663-33675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034612 denotes TNF response
T15041 35739-35748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T15042 37381-37390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T15043 35840-35856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T15044 35948-35964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T15045 36779-36795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T15046 36883-36899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T15047 38418-38434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes NF-κB activation
T15048 36503-36514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016049 denotes cell growth
T15049 36508-36514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T15050 36923-36929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T15051 36570-36586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051726 denotes tumor suppressor
T15052 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051726 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15053 36655-36674 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001775 denotes activation and cell
T15054 36655-36680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901978 denotes activation and cell cycle
T15055 36655-36680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901989 denotes activation and cell cycle
T15056 36655-36680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901995 denotes activation and cell cycle
T15057 36655-36680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903452 denotes activation and cell cycle
T15058 36670-36680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T15059 38188-38198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T15060 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051445 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15061 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901976 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15062 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010564 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15063 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032465 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15064 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045787 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15065 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007346 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15066 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045786 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15067 36670-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071156 denotes cell cycle regulation
T15068 36681-36691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T15069 37295-37311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 denotes TNF-α production
T15070 38034-38060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061582 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T15071 38034-38060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060574 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T15072 38034-38060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060575 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T15073 38034-38060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060576 denotes intestinal epithelial cell
T15074 38172-38180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051318 denotes G1 phase
T15075 38175-38198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098763 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T15076 38175-38198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022403 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T15077 38175-38198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044770 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T15078 38175-38198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098762 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T15079 38257-38277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocyte aggregation
T15785 17231-17239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T15786 17313-17321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15787 17484-17492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15788 17530-17538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T15789 17258-17270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T15790 17385-17397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T15791 17431-17434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes MPO
T16269 19514-19522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T16270 19538-19551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990774 denotes TNF secretion
T16271 19542-19551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T16592 21356-21364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T16593 21382-21392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T16594 21761-21771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049 denotes cell cycle
T16595 21382-21399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071156 denotes cell cycle arrest
T16596 21382-21399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071850 denotes cell cycle arrest
T16597 21382-21399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007050 denotes cell cycle arrest
T16598 21403-21411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051318 denotes G1 phase
T16599 21440-21446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T16600 21748-21771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098763 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T16601 21748-21771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022403 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T16602 21748-21771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044770 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T16603 21748-21771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098762 denotes phase of the cell cycle
T16930 22954-22962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T17271 24473-24481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T17272 24958-24966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T17273 24993-25001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T17274 24494-24515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070487 denotes monocytes aggregation
T17413 25496-25504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T17414 25698-25706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degraded
T17415 25537-25552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467 denotes gene expression
T17416 25593-25595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003964 denotes RT
T18155 27987-27995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T18156 28498-28506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T18157 29032-29040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes Degraded
T18158 28535-28554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes activation of NF-κB
T18159 29068-29087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051092 denotes activation of NF-κB
T18160 28915-28918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707 denotes ERK

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
20072622-3943102-93233346 2191-2192 3943102 denotes 4
20072622-2570843-93233347 2211-2212 2570843 denotes 5
20072622-3943102-93233348 2283-2284 3943102 denotes 4
20072622-11675262-93233349 2288-2289 11675262 denotes 6
20072622-17034924-93233350 2292-2293 17034924 denotes 8
20072622-8849638-93233351 2509-2511 8849638 denotes 11
20072622-9178362-93233352 2515-2517 9178362 denotes 12
20072622-17095757-93233353 2881-2883 17095757 denotes 13
20072622-3140380-93233354 2993-2995 3140380 denotes 15
20072622-8011280-93233355 2999-3001 8011280 denotes 16
20072622-9136827-93233356 3096-3098 9136827 denotes 17
20072622-1316857-93233357 3521-3523 1316857 denotes 18
20072622-7557106-93233358 3527-3529 7557106 denotes 19
20072622-8741008-93233359 3675-3677 8741008 denotes 20
20072622-8741008-93233360 3760-3762 8741008 denotes 20
20072622-4212170-93233361 7277-7279 4212170 denotes 23
20072622-1688816-93233362 7634-7636 1688816 denotes 24
20072622-9824605-93233363 8172-8174 9824605 denotes 25
20072622-10940278-93233364 8178-8180 10940278 denotes 26
20072622-6092199-93233365 8432-8434 6092199 denotes 27
20072622-8482919-93233366 9117-9119 8482919 denotes 28
20072622-3782828-93233367 11259-11261 3782828 denotes 29
20072622-8625304-93233368 12807-12809 8625304 denotes 30
20072622-19342628-93233369 15382-15384 19342628 denotes 32
20072622-9136827-93233370 29620-29622 9136827 denotes 17
20072622-12167685-93233371 30000-30002 12167685 denotes 33
20072622-11581570-93233372 30205-30207 11581570 denotes 34
20072622-12213727-93233373 30314-30316 12213727 denotes 36
20072622-17034924-93233374 30651-30652 17034924 denotes 8
20072622-2570843-93233375 30761-30762 2570843 denotes 5
20072622-3943102-93233376 30830-30831 3943102 denotes 4
20072622-11675262-93233377 30835-30836 11675262 denotes 6
20072622-17034924-93233378 30839-30840 17034924 denotes 8
20072622-8849638-93233379 31141-31143 8849638 denotes 11
20072622-9178362-93233380 31147-31149 9178362 denotes 12
20072622-8741008-93233381 31603-31605 8741008 denotes 20
20072622-18287351-93233382 32072-32074 18287351 denotes 37
20072622-18304834-93233383 33301-33303 18304834 denotes 40
20072622-18252714-93233384 34354-34356 18252714 denotes 41
20072622-8819222-93233385 35244-35246 8819222 denotes 42
20072622-8819222-93233386 35348-35350 8819222 denotes 42
20072622-7680015-93233387 35486-35488 7680015 denotes 43
20072622-9438323-93233388 35492-35494 9438323 denotes 44
20072622-8527703-93233389 35750-35752 8527703 denotes 45
20072622-2966248-93233390 35756-35758 2966248 denotes 46
20072622-10712233-93233391 35922-35924 10712233 denotes 47
20072622-2460392-93233392 36428-36430 2460392 denotes 48
20072622-16410803-93233393 36618-36620 16410803 denotes 49
20072622-12571598-93233394 36743-36745 12571598 denotes 50
20072622-12612054-93233395 37015-37017 12612054 denotes 51
20072622-2460392-93233396 38072-38074 2460392 denotes 48

pmc-enju-pas

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T84 0-8 NNP denotes Degraded
T85 9-20 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T86 21-28 NNP denotes Causing
T87 29-36 NNP denotes Colitis
T88 37-39 IN denotes in
T89 40-44 NNP denotes Rats
T90 45-52 VB denotes Induces
T91 53-56 NN denotes TNF
T92 57-66 NN denotes Secretion
T93 67-70 CC denotes and
T94 71-77 NN denotes ICAM-1
T95 78-90 NN denotes Upregulation
T96 91-93 IN denotes in
T97 94-103 NN denotes Monocytes
T98 104-111 IN denotes through
T99 112-117 NN denotes NF-κB
T100 118-128 NN denotes Activation
T101 129-140 NN denotes Carrageenan
T102 183-184 -LRB- denotes (
T103 184-187 NN denotes CGN
T104 187-188 -RRB- denotes )
T105 189-191 VB denotes is
T106 192-193 DT denotes a
T107 194-198 JJ denotes high
T108 199-208 JJ denotes molecular
T109 209-215 NN denotes weight
T110 216-225 VB denotes sulphated
T111 226-240 NN denotes polysaccharide
T112 241-248 VB denotes derived
T113 249-253 IN denotes from
T114 254-257 JJ denotes red
T115 258-266 NN denotes seaweeds
T116 268-270 IN denotes In
T117 271-278 NN denotes rodents
T118 278-279 -COMMA- denotes ,
T119 280-283 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes its
T120 284-292 JJ denotes degraded
T121 293-298 NN denotes forms
T122 299-300 -LRB- denotes (
T123 300-304 NN denotes dCGN
T124 304-305 -RRB- denotes )
T125 306-309 MD denotes can
T126 310-316 VB denotes induce
T127 317-327 JJ denotes intestinal
T128 328-340 NN denotes inflammation
T129 341-351 VB denotes associated
T130 352-356 IN denotes with
T131 357-367 NN denotes macrophage
T132 368-379 NN denotes recruitment
T133 380-383 CC denotes and
T134 384-394 NN denotes activation
T135 396-399 DT denotes The
T136 400-403 NN denotes aim
T137 404-406 IN denotes of
T138 407-411 DT denotes this
T139 412-417 NN denotes study
T140 418-421 VB denotes was
T141 421-422 -COLON- denotes :
T142 423-424 LS denotes 1
T143 424-425 -RRB- denotes )
T144 426-428 TO denotes to
T145 429-436 VB denotes analyze
T146 437-440 DT denotes the
T147 441-455 JJ denotes size-dependent
T148 456-463 NN denotes effects
T149 464-466 IN denotes of
T150 467-471 NN denotes dCGN
T151 472-474 IN denotes on
T152 475-480 NN denotes colon
T153 481-493 NN denotes inflammation
T154 494-496 FW denotes in
T155 497-501 FW denotes vivo
T156 501-502 -COMMA- denotes ,
T157 503-506 CC denotes and
T158 507-508 LS denotes 2
T159 508-509 -RRB- denotes )
T160 510-512 TO denotes to
T161 513-522 VB denotes correlate
T162 523-528 DT denotes these
T163 529-536 NN denotes effects
T164 537-541 IN denotes with
T165 542-561 NN denotes monocyte/macrophage
T166 562-575 NN denotes proliferation
T167 575-576 -COMMA- denotes ,
T168 577-585 NN denotes cytokine
T169 586-596 NN denotes production
T170 597-600 CC denotes and
T171 601-611 NN denotes expression
T172 612-614 IN denotes of
T173 615-622 JJ denotes various
T174 623-627 NN denotes cell
T175 628-635 NN denotes surface
T176 636-644 NN denotes antigens
T177 645-654 VB denotes including
T178 655-661 NN denotes ICAM-1
T179 662-670 NN denotes adhesion
T180 671-679 NN denotes molecule
T181 681-691 JJ denotes Peripheral
T182 692-697 NN denotes blood
T183 698-707 NN denotes monocytes
T184 708-709 -LRB- denotes (
T185 709-712 NN denotes PBM
T186 712-713 -RRB- denotes )
T187 714-717 CC denotes and
T188 718-723 NN denotes THP-1
T189 724-733 JJ denotes monocytic
T190 734-739 NN denotes cells
T191 740-744 VB denotes were
T192 745-753 VB denotes cultured
T193 754-756 IN denotes in
T194 757-760 DT denotes the
T195 761-769 NN denotes presence
T196 770-772 IN denotes of
T197 773-779 CC denotes either
T198 780-782 CD denotes 10
T199 783-785 CC denotes or
T200 786-788 CD denotes 40
T201 789-792 NN denotes kDa
T202 792-793 -COMMA- denotes ,
T203 794-798 NN denotes dCGN
T204 800-803 DT denotes The
T205 804-806 CD denotes 40
T206 807-810 NN denotes kDa
T207 810-811 -COMMA- denotes ,
T208 812-815 CC denotes but
T209 816-819 RB denotes not
T210 820-823 DT denotes the
T211 824-826 CD denotes 10
T212 827-830 NN denotes kDa
T213 831-835 NN denotes dCGN
T214 835-836 -COMMA- denotes ,
T215 837-844 VB denotes induced
T216 845-852 NN denotes colitis
T217 853-855 IN denotes in
T218 856-858 FW denotes in
T219 859-863 FW denotes vivo
T220 865-873 VB denotes Degraded
T221 874-877 NN denotes CGN
T222 878-887 VB denotes inhibited
T223 888-893 NN denotes THP-1
T224 894-898 NN denotes cell
T225 899-912 NN denotes proliferation
T226 913-915 FW denotes in
T227 916-921 FW denotes vitro
T228 921-922 -COMMA- denotes ,
T229 923-932 VB denotes arresting
T230 933-936 DT denotes the
T231 937-942 NN denotes cells
T232 943-945 IN denotes in
T233 946-948 NN denotes G1
T234 949-954 NN denotes phase
T235 956-958 IN denotes In
T236 959-967 NN denotes addition
T237 967-968 -COMMA- denotes ,
T238 969-973 NN denotes dCGN
T239 974-983 VB denotes increased
T240 984-990 NN denotes ICAM-1
T241 991-1001 NN denotes expression
T242 1002-1004 IN denotes in
T243 1005-1009 CC denotes both
T244 1010-1013 NN denotes PBM
T245 1014-1017 CC denotes and
T246 1018-1023 NN denotes THP-1
T247 1024-1029 NN denotes cells
T248 1030-1034 IN denotes with
T249 1035-1036 DT denotes a
T250 1037-1042 JJ denotes major
T251 1043-1049 NN denotes effect
T252 1050-1054 VB denotes seen
T253 1055-1060 IN denotes after
T254 1061-1063 CD denotes 40
T255 1064-1067 NN denotes kDa
T256 1068-1072 NN denotes dCGN
T257 1073-1081 NN denotes exposure
T258 1083-1087 RB denotes Also
T259 1087-1088 -COMMA- denotes ,
T260 1089-1093 NN denotes dCGN
T261 1094-1104 VB denotes stimulated
T262 1105-1113 NN denotes monocyte
T263 1114-1125 NN denotes aggregation
T264 1126-1128 FW denotes in
T265 1129-1134 FW denotes vitro
T266 1135-1139 WDT denotes that
T267 1140-1143 VB denotes was
T268 1144-1153 VB denotes prevented
T269 1154-1156 IN denotes by
T270 1157-1167 NN denotes incubation
T271 1168-1172 IN denotes with
T272 1173-1184 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T273 1185-1193 NN denotes antibody
T274 1195-1202 RB denotes Finally
T275 1202-1203 -COMMA- denotes ,
T276 1204-1208 NN denotes dCGN
T277 1209-1219 VB denotes stimulated
T278 1220-1225 NN denotes TNF-α
T279 1226-1236 NN denotes expression
T280 1237-1240 CC denotes and
T281 1241-1250 NN denotes secretion
T282 1251-1253 IN denotes by
T283 1254-1258 CC denotes both
T284 1259-1262 NN denotes PBM
T285 1263-1266 CC denotes and
T286 1267-1272 NN denotes THP-1
T287 1273-1278 NN denotes cells
T288 1280-1283 PDT denotes All
T289 1284-1289 DT denotes these
T290 1290-1297 NN denotes effects
T291 1298-1302 VB denotes were
T292 1303-1309 VB denotes linked
T293 1310-1312 TO denotes to
T294 1313-1318 NN denotes NF-κB
T295 1319-1329 NN denotes activation
T296 1331-1336 DT denotes These
T297 1337-1341 NN denotes data
T298 1342-1350 RB denotes strongly
T299 1351-1358 VB denotes suggest
T300 1359-1363 IN denotes that
T301 1364-1367 DT denotes the
T302 1368-1376 JJ denotes degraded
T303 1377-1382 NN denotes forms
T304 1383-1385 IN denotes of
T305 1386-1389 NN denotes CGN
T306 1390-1394 VB denotes have
T307 1395-1396 DT denotes a
T308 1397-1407 JJ denotes pronounced
T309 1408-1414 NN denotes effect
T310 1415-1417 IN denotes on
T311 1418-1427 NN denotes monocytes
T312 1427-1428 -COMMA- denotes ,
T313 1429-1443 JJ denotes characteristic
T314 1444-1446 IN denotes of
T315 1447-1449 DT denotes an
T316 1450-1462 JJ denotes inflammatory
T317 1463-1472 NN denotes phenotype
T776 1488-1499 NN denotes Carrageenan
T777 1500-1501 -LRB- denotes (
T778 1501-1504 NN denotes CGN
T779 1504-1505 -RRB- denotes )
T780 1506-1508 VB denotes is
T781 1509-1510 DT denotes a
T782 1511-1515 JJ denotes high
T783 1516-1525 JJ denotes molecular
T784 1526-1532 NN denotes weight
T785 1533-1542 VB denotes sulphated
T786 1543-1557 NN denotes polysaccharide
T787 1558-1559 -LRB- denotes (
T788 1559-1560 SYM denotes >
T789 1560-1563 CD denotes 200
T790 1564-1567 NN denotes kDa
T791 1567-1568 -RRB- denotes )
T792 1569-1576 VB denotes derived
T793 1577-1581 IN denotes from
T794 1582-1585 JJ denotes red
T795 1586-1591 NN denotes algae
T796 1592-1593 -LRB- denotes (
T797 1593-1605 NNP denotes Rhodophyceae
T798 1605-1606 -RRB- denotes )
T799 1608-1613 CD denotes Three
T800 1614-1618 JJ denotes main
T801 1619-1624 NN denotes forms
T802 1625-1627 IN denotes of
T803 1628-1631 NN denotes CGN
T804 1632-1636 VB denotes have
T805 1637-1641 VB denotes been
T806 1642-1652 VB denotes identified
T807 1652-1653 -COLON- denotes :
T808 1654-1659 NN denotes kappa
T809 1659-1660 -COMMA- denotes ,
T810 1661-1665 NN denotes iota
T811 1665-1666 -COMMA- denotes ,
T812 1667-1670 CC denotes and
T813 1671-1677 NN denotes lambda
T814 1679-1683 PRP denotes They
T815 1684-1690 VB denotes differ
T816 1691-1695 IN denotes from
T817 1696-1700 DT denotes each
T818 1701-1706 JJ denotes other
T819 1707-1709 IN denotes in
T820 1710-1720 NN denotes sulphation
T821 1721-1727 NN denotes degree
T822 1728-1731 CC denotes and
T823 1732-1742 NN denotes solubility
T824 1743-1744 -LRB- denotes [
T825 1744-1745 CD denotes 1
T826 1745-1746 -RRB- denotes ]
T827 1746-1747 -COMMA- denotes ,
T828 1748-1749 -LRB- denotes [
T829 1749-1750 CD denotes 2
T830 1750-1751 -RRB- denotes ]
T831 1753-1759 JJ denotes Native
T832 1760-1763 NN denotes CGN
T833 1764-1766 VB denotes is
T834 1767-1774 VB denotes thought
T835 1775-1777 TO denotes to
T836 1778-1780 VB denotes be
T837 1781-1789 JJ denotes harmless
T838 1790-1793 CC denotes and
T839 1794-1796 VB denotes is
T840 1797-1803 RB denotes widely
T841 1804-1808 VB denotes used
T842 1809-1811 IN denotes as
T843 1812-1813 DT denotes a
T844 1814-1818 NN denotes food
T845 1819-1827 JJ denotes additive
T846 1828-1830 TO denotes to
T847 1831-1838 VB denotes improve
T848 1839-1846 NN denotes texture
T849 1848-1850 PRP denotes It
T850 1851-1853 VB denotes is
T851 1854-1858 RB denotes also
T852 1859-1863 VB denotes used
T853 1864-1866 IN denotes in
T854 1867-1876 NN denotes cosmetics
T855 1877-1880 CC denotes and
T856 1881-1896 NN denotes pharmaceuticals
T857 1898-1905 RB denotes However
T858 1905-1906 -COMMA- denotes ,
T859 1907-1911 NN denotes acid
T860 1912-1921 NN denotes treatment
T861 1922-1924 IN denotes at
T862 1925-1929 JJ denotes high
T863 1930-1941 NN denotes temperature
T864 1942-1943 -LRB- denotes (
T865 1943-1947 NN denotes 80°C
T866 1947-1948 -RRB- denotes )
T867 1949-1957 VB denotes triggers
T868 1958-1961 NN denotes CGN
T869 1962-1972 NN denotes hydrolysis
T870 1973-1975 TO denotes to
T871 1976-1981 VB denotes lower
T872 1982-1991 JJ denotes molecular
T873 1992-1998 NN denotes weight
T874 1999-2000 -LRB- denotes (
T875 2000-2001 SYM denotes <
T876 2001-2003 CD denotes 50
T877 2004-2007 NN denotes kDa
T878 2007-2008 -RRB- denotes )
T879 2009-2018 NN denotes compounds
T880 2019-2024 VB denotes known
T881 2025-2027 IN denotes as
T882 2028-2038 NN denotes poligeenan
T883 2039-2041 CC denotes or
T884 2042-2050 VB denotes degraded
T885 2051-2054 NN denotes CGN
T886 2055-2056 -LRB- denotes (
T887 2056-2060 NN denotes dCGN
T888 2060-2061 -RRB- denotes )
T889 2063-2068 DT denotes These
T890 2069-2074 NN denotes dCGNs
T891 2075-2081 VB denotes induce
T892 2082-2094 NN denotes inflammation
T893 2095-2098 CC denotes and
T894 2099-2103 VB denotes have
T895 2104-2108 VB denotes been
T896 2109-2115 RB denotes widely
T897 2116-2120 VB denotes used
T898 2121-2123 IN denotes as
T899 2124-2130 NN denotes models
T900 2131-2133 IN denotes of
T901 2134-2141 NN denotes colitis
T902 2142-2144 IN denotes in
T903 2145-2152 JJ denotes several
T904 2153-2160 NN denotes species
T905 2160-2161 -COMMA- denotes ,
T906 2162-2171 VB denotes including
T907 2172-2176 NN denotes rats
T908 2177-2178 -LRB- denotes [
T909 2178-2179 CD denotes 3
T910 2179-2180 -RRB- denotes ]
T911 2180-2181 -COMMA- denotes ,
T912 2182-2189 NN denotes rabbits
T913 2190-2191 -LRB- denotes [
T914 2191-2192 CD denotes 4
T915 2192-2193 -RRB- denotes ]
T916 2194-2197 CC denotes and
T917 2198-2204 NN denotes guinea
T918 2205-2209 NN denotes pigs
T919 2210-2211 -LRB- denotes [
T920 2211-2212 CD denotes 5
T921 2212-2213 -RRB- denotes ]
T922 2215-2218 DT denotes The
T923 2219-2223 NN denotes role
T924 2224-2226 IN denotes of
T925 2227-2231 NN denotes dCGN
T926 2232-2234 IN denotes as
T927 2235-2236 DT denotes a
T928 2237-2252 JJ denotes tumor-promoting
T929 2253-2259 NN denotes factor
T930 2260-2267 VB denotes remains
T931 2268-2281 JJ denotes controversial
T932 2282-2283 -LRB- denotes [
T933 2283-2284 CD denotes 4
T934 2284-2285 -RRB- denotes ]
T935 2285-2286 -COMMA- denotes ,
T936 2287-2288 -LRB- denotes [
T937 2288-2289 CD denotes 6
T938 2289-2290 -RRB- denotes ]
T939 2290-2291 -LRB- denotes –
T940 2291-2292 CD denotes [
T941 2292-2293 -RRB- denotes 8
T942 2296-2304 IN denotes Although
T943 2305-2308 DT denotes the
T944 2309-2315 JJ denotes native
T945 2316-2320 NN denotes form
T946 2321-2323 VB denotes is
T947 2324-2331 VB denotes thought
T948 2332-2334 TO denotes to
T949 2335-2337 VB denotes be
T950 2338-2346 JJ denotes harmless
T951 2347-2350 IN denotes for
T952 2351-2356 JJ denotes human
T953 2357-2368 NN denotes consumption
T954 2368-2369 -COMMA- denotes ,
T955 2370-2375 JJ denotes small
T956 2376-2383 NN denotes amounts
T957 2384-2386 IN denotes of
T958 2387-2391 NN denotes dCGN
T959 2392-2395 VB denotes are
T960 2396-2404 RB denotes probably
T961 2405-2413 VB denotes produced
T962 2414-2416 IN denotes by
T963 2417-2421 NN denotes acid
T964 2422-2432 NN denotes hydrolysis
T965 2433-2439 IN denotes during
T966 2440-2447 JJ denotes gastric
T967 2448-2457 NN denotes digestion
T968 2458-2459 -LRB- denotes [
T969 2459-2460 CD denotes 9
T970 2460-2461 -RRB- denotes ]
T971 2461-2462 -COMMA- denotes ,
T972 2463-2464 -LRB- denotes [
T973 2464-2466 CD denotes 10
T974 2466-2467 -RRB- denotes ]
T975 2468-2470 CC denotes or
T976 2471-2482 NN denotes interaction
T977 2483-2487 IN denotes with
T978 2488-2498 JJ denotes intestinal
T979 2499-2507 NN denotes bacteria
T980 2508-2509 -LRB- denotes [
T981 2509-2511 CD denotes 11
T982 2511-2512 -RRB- denotes ]
T983 2512-2513 -COMMA- denotes ,
T984 2514-2515 -LRB- denotes [
T985 2515-2517 CD denotes 12
T986 2517-2518 -RRB- denotes ]
T987 2520-2527 IN denotes Whereas
T988 2528-2531 DT denotes the
T989 2532-2539 NN denotes effects
T990 2540-2542 IN denotes of
T991 2543-2549 JJ denotes native
T992 2550-2553 CC denotes and
T993 2554-2558 NN denotes dCGN
T994 2559-2561 IN denotes on
T995 2562-2572 JJ denotes intestinal
T996 2573-2585 NN denotes inflammation
T997 2586-2590 VB denotes have
T998 2591-2595 VB denotes been
T999 2596-2607 RB denotes extensively
T1000 2608-2616 VB denotes analyzed
T1001 2617-2619 IN denotes in
T1002 2620-2626 NN denotes animal
T1003 2627-2633 NN denotes models
T1004 2633-2634 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1005 2635-2639 RB denotes only
T1006 2640-2643 JJ denotes few
T1007 2644-2651 NN denotes studies
T1008 2652-2656 VB denotes have
T1009 2657-2661 VB denotes been
T1010 2662-2671 VB denotes conducted
T1011 2672-2677 VB denotes using
T1012 2678-2683 JJ denotes human
T1013 2684-2688 NN denotes cell
T1014 2689-2694 NN denotes lines
T1015 2696-2702 JJ denotes Recent
T1016 2703-2710 NN denotes studies
T1017 2711-2715 VB denotes have
T1018 2716-2721 VB denotes shown
T1019 2722-2723 DT denotes a
T1020 2724-2728 NN denotes link
T1021 2729-2736 IN denotes between
T1022 2737-2745 NN denotes exposure
T1023 2746-2748 TO denotes to
T1024 2749-2755 JJ denotes native
T1025 2756-2760 NN denotes form
T1026 2761-2764 NN denotes CGN
T1027 2765-2768 CC denotes and
T1028 2769-2773 NN denotes IL-8
T1029 2774-2784 NN denotes production
T1030 2785-2787 IN denotes by
T1031 2788-2791 DT denotes the
T1032 2792-2797 JJ denotes human
T1033 2798-2808 JJ denotes intestinal
T1034 2809-2819 JJ denotes epithelial
T1035 2820-2824 NN denotes cell
T1036 2825-2829 NN denotes line
T1037 2829-2830 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1038 2831-2837 NN denotes NCM460
T1039 2837-2838 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1040 2839-2842 IN denotes via
T1041 2843-2850 JJ denotes Nuclear
T1042 2851-2860 NN denotes Factor-κB
T1043 2861-2862 -LRB- denotes (
T1044 2862-2867 NN denotes NF-κB
T1045 2867-2868 -RRB- denotes )
T1046 2869-2879 NN denotes activation
T1047 2880-2881 -LRB- denotes [
T1048 2881-2883 CD denotes 13
T1049 2883-2884 -RRB- denotes ]
T1050 2884-2885 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1051 2886-2887 -LRB- denotes [
T1052 2887-2889 CD denotes 14
T1053 2889-2890 -RRB- denotes ]
T1054 2892-2897 NN denotes NF-κB
T1055 2898-2900 VB denotes is
T1056 2901-2902 DT denotes a
T1057 2903-2916 NN denotes transcription
T1058 2917-2923 NN denotes factor
T1059 2924-2928 WDT denotes that
T1060 2929-2938 VB denotes regulates
T1061 2939-2942 DT denotes the
T1062 2943-2953 NN denotes expression
T1063 2954-2956 IN denotes of
T1064 2957-2962 NN denotes genes
T1065 2963-2973 VB denotes associated
T1066 2974-2978 IN denotes with
T1067 2979-2991 NN denotes inflammation
T1068 2992-2993 -LRB- denotes [
T1069 2993-2995 CD denotes 15
T1070 2995-2996 -RRB- denotes ]
T1071 2996-2997 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1072 2998-2999 -LRB- denotes [
T1073 2999-3001 CD denotes 16
T1074 3001-3002 -RRB- denotes ]
T1075 3004-3014 NN denotes Macrophage
T1076 3015-3027 NN denotes infiltration
T1077 3028-3031 CC denotes and
T1078 3032-3044 NN denotes accumulation
T1079 3045-3047 VB denotes is
T1080 3048-3049 DT denotes a
T1081 3050-3056 JJ denotes common
T1082 3057-3071 NN denotes characteristic
T1083 3072-3074 IN denotes of
T1084 3075-3085 JJ denotes intestinal
T1085 3086-3094 NN denotes diseases
T1086 3095-3096 -LRB- denotes [
T1087 3096-3098 CD denotes 17
T1088 3098-3099 -RRB- denotes ]
T1089 3101-3112 NN denotes Macrophages
T1090 3113-3122 VB denotes represent
T1091 3123-3125 CD denotes 10
T1092 3125-3126 NN denotes %
T1093 3127-3129 IN denotes of
T1094 3130-3135 JJ denotes total
T1095 3136-3142 NN denotes lamina
T1096 3143-3150 NN denotes propria
T1097 3151-3156 NN denotes cells
T1098 3156-3157 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1099 3158-3165 VB denotes secrete
T1100 3166-3167 DT denotes a
T1101 3168-3172 JJ denotes wide
T1102 3173-3178 NN denotes range
T1103 3179-3181 IN denotes of
T1104 3182-3194 RB denotes biologically
T1105 3195-3201 JJ denotes active
T1106 3202-3211 NN denotes compounds
T1107 3212-3215 CC denotes and
T1108 3216-3223 VB denotes express
T1109 3224-3237 NN denotes cell-adhesion
T1110 3238-3247 NN denotes molecules
T1111 3249-3252 DT denotes The
T1112 3253-3259 JJ denotes immune
T1113 3260-3264 NN denotes cell
T1114 3265-3273 NN denotes response
T1115 3274-3276 TO denotes to
T1116 3277-3279 DT denotes an
T1117 3280-3292 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1118 3293-3301 NN denotes stimulus
T1119 3302-3307 VB denotes seems
T1120 3308-3310 TO denotes to
T1121 3311-3313 VB denotes be
T1122 3314-3323 VB denotes amplified
T1123 3324-3326 CC denotes or
T1124 3327-3335 RB denotes directly
T1125 3336-3345 VB denotes generated
T1126 3346-3348 IN denotes by
T1127 3349-3354 NN denotes cells
T1128 3355-3362 VB denotes exposed
T1129 3363-3365 TO denotes to
T1130 3366-3375 JJ denotes sulphated
T1131 3376-3391 NN denotes polysaccharides
T1132 3392-3396 JJ denotes such
T1133 3397-3399 IN denotes as
T1134 3400-3412 NN denotes carrageenans
T1135 3414-3420 RB denotes Indeed
T1136 3420-3421 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1137 3422-3434 NN denotes inflammation
T1138 3435-3442 VB denotes induced
T1139 3443-3445 IN denotes by
T1140 3446-3450 NN denotes dCGN
T1141 3451-3454 VB denotes was
T1142 3455-3465 VB denotes associated
T1143 3466-3470 IN denotes with
T1144 3471-3482 NN denotes recruitment
T1145 3483-3485 IN denotes of
T1146 3486-3497 NN denotes macrophages
T1147 3498-3500 TO denotes to
T1148 3501-3513 NN denotes inflammation
T1149 3514-3519 NN denotes sites
T1150 3520-3521 -LRB- denotes [
T1151 3521-3523 CD denotes 18
T1152 3523-3524 -RRB- denotes ]
T1153 3524-3525 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1154 3526-3527 -LRB- denotes [
T1155 3527-3529 CD denotes 19
T1156 3529-3530 -RRB- denotes ]
T1157 3532-3536 RB denotes Also
T1158 3536-3537 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1159 3538-3550 NN denotes inflammation
T1160 3551-3558 VB denotes induced
T1161 3559-3561 IN denotes by
T1162 3562-3569 NNP denotes Dextran
T1163 3570-3578 NNP denotes Sulphate
T1164 3579-3585 NNP denotes Sodium
T1165 3586-3587 -LRB- denotes (
T1166 3587-3590 NN denotes DSS
T1167 3590-3591 -RRB- denotes )
T1168 3591-3592 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1169 3593-3600 DT denotes another
T1170 3601-3610 VB denotes sulphated
T1171 3611-3619 NN denotes compound
T1172 3619-3620 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1173 3621-3624 VB denotes was
T1174 3625-3633 RB denotes directly
T1175 3634-3644 VB denotes associated
T1176 3645-3649 IN denotes with
T1177 3650-3661 NN denotes macrophages
T1178 3662-3673 NN denotes recruitment
T1179 3674-3675 -LRB- denotes [
T1180 3675-3677 CD denotes 20
T1181 3677-3678 -RRB- denotes ]
T1182 3678-3679 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1183 3680-3685 IN denotes since
T1184 3686-3689 NN denotes DSS
T1185 3690-3695 RB denotes still
T1186 3696-3704 VB denotes provoked
T1187 3705-3717 NN denotes inflammation
T1188 3718-3723 IN denotes after
T1189 3724-3736 NN denotes T-lymphocyte
T1190 3737-3740 CC denotes and
T1191 3741-3743 NN denotes NK
T1192 3744-3748 NN denotes cell
T1193 3749-3758 NN denotes depletion
T1194 3759-3760 -LRB- denotes [
T1195 3760-3762 CD denotes 20
T1196 3762-3763 -RRB- denotes ]
T1197 3765-3773 IN denotes Although
T1198 3774-3786 NN denotes inflammation
T1199 3787-3790 MD denotes can
T1200 3791-3793 VB denotes be
T1201 3794-3801 VB denotes induced
T1202 3802-3804 IN denotes by
T1203 3805-3809 NN denotes dCGN
T1204 3809-3810 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1205 3811-3816 EX denotes there
T1206 3817-3820 VB denotes are
T1207 3821-3823 DT denotes no
T1208 3824-3828 NN denotes data
T1209 3829-3831 IN denotes on
T1210 3832-3837 JJ denotes human
T1211 3838-3846 NN denotes monocyte
T1212 3847-3856 NN denotes responses
T1213 3857-3859 TO denotes to
T1214 3860-3864 NN denotes dCGN
T1215 3865-3873 NN denotes exposure
T1216 3875-3884 RB denotes Therefore
T1217 3884-3885 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1218 3886-3888 TO denotes to
T1219 3889-3900 VB denotes investigate
T1220 3901-3904 DT denotes the
T1221 3905-3912 NN denotes effects
T1222 3913-3915 IN denotes of
T1223 3916-3920 NN denotes dCGN
T1224 3921-3923 IN denotes on
T1225 3924-3929 JJ denotes human
T1226 3930-3939 NN denotes monocytes
T1227 3939-3940 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1228 3941-3947 JJ denotes normal
T1229 3948-3958 JJ denotes Peripheral
T1230 3959-3964 NN denotes Blood
T1231 3965-3974 NN denotes Monocytes
T1232 3975-3976 -LRB- denotes (
T1233 3976-3979 NN denotes PBM
T1234 3979-3980 -RRB- denotes )
T1235 3981-3984 CC denotes and
T1236 3985-3992 JJ denotes tumoral
T1237 3993-4012 NN denotes monocyte/macrophage
T1238 4013-4018 NN denotes THP-1
T1239 4019-4024 NN denotes cells
T1240 4025-4029 VB denotes were
T1241 4030-4037 VB denotes exposed
T1242 4038-4040 TO denotes to
T1243 4041-4043 CD denotes 10
T1244 4044-4047 NN denotes kDa
T1245 4048-4051 CC denotes and
T1246 4052-4054 CD denotes 40
T1247 4055-4058 NN denotes kDa
T1248 4059-4063 NN denotes dCGN
T1249 4065-4067 PRP denotes We
T1250 4068-4073 VB denotes found
T1251 4074-4078 IN denotes that
T1252 4079-4083 NN denotes dCGN
T1253 4084-4093 VB denotes inhibited
T1254 4094-4099 NN denotes THP-1
T1255 4100-4104 NN denotes cell
T1256 4105-4118 NN denotes proliferation
T1257 4119-4121 FW denotes in
T1258 4122-4127 FW denotes vitro
T1259 4127-4128 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1260 4129-4138 VB denotes increased
T1261 4139-4145 NN denotes ICAM-1
T1262 4146-4156 NN denotes expression
T1263 4156-4157 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1264 4158-4168 VB denotes stimulated
T1265 4169-4185 JJ denotes ICAM-1-dependent
T1266 4186-4194 NN denotes monocyte
T1267 4195-4206 NN denotes aggregation
T1268 4206-4207 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1269 4208-4211 CC denotes and
T1270 4212-4222 VB denotes stimulated
T1271 4223-4228 NN denotes TNF-α
T1272 4229-4239 NN denotes expression
T1273 4240-4243 CC denotes and
T1274 4244-4253 NN denotes secretion
T1275 4255-4260 DT denotes These
T1276 4261-4270 NN denotes responses
T1277 4271-4275 VB denotes were
T1278 4276-4280 RB denotes more
T1279 4281-4291 JJ denotes pronounced
T1280 4292-4297 IN denotes after
T1281 4298-4300 CD denotes 40
T1282 4301-4304 NN denotes kDa
T1283 4305-4309 NN denotes dCGN
T1284 4310-4318 NN denotes exposure
T1285 4319-4322 CC denotes and
T1286 4323-4327 VB denotes were
T1287 4328-4334 VB denotes linked
T1288 4335-4337 TO denotes to
T1289 4338-4343 NN denotes NF-κB
T1290 4344-4354 NN denotes activation
T1291 4356-4358 IN denotes In
T1292 4359-4367 NN denotes addition
T1293 4367-4368 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1294 4369-4372 DT denotes the
T1295 4373-4375 CD denotes 40
T1296 4376-4379 NN denotes kDa
T1297 4380-4384 NN denotes dCGN
T1298 4384-4385 -COMMA- denotes ,
T1299 4386-4389 CC denotes but
T1300 4390-4393 RB denotes not
T1301 4394-4397 DT denotes the
T1302 4398-4400 CD denotes 10
T1303 4401-4404 NN denotes kDa
T1304 4405-4409 NN denotes dCGN
T1305 4410-4417 VB denotes induced
T1306 4418-4420 FW denotes in
T1307 4421-4425 FW denotes vivo
T1308 4426-4433 NN denotes colitis
T1309 4434-4436 IN denotes as
T1310 4437-4442 VB denotes shown
T1311 4443-4445 IN denotes by
T1312 4446-4449 DT denotes the
T1313 4450-4462 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1314 4463-4471 NN denotes response
T1315 4472-4474 IN denotes in
T1316 4475-4478 DT denotes the
T1317 4479-4482 NN denotes rat
T1318 4483-4488 NN denotes colon
T1319 4490-4495 DT denotes These
T1320 4496-4503 NN denotes results
T1321 4504-4511 VB denotes suggest
T1322 4512-4516 IN denotes that
T1323 4517-4520 DT denotes the
T1324 4521-4529 JJ denotes degraded
T1325 4530-4535 NN denotes forms
T1326 4536-4538 IN denotes of
T1327 4539-4542 NN denotes CGN
T1328 4543-4547 VB denotes have
T1329 4548-4550 DT denotes an
T1330 4551-4560 JJ denotes important
T1331 4561-4567 NN denotes effect
T1332 4568-4570 IN denotes on
T1333 4571-4580 NN denotes monocytes
T1334 4581-4590 VB denotes resulting
T1335 4591-4593 IN denotes in
T1336 4594-4596 DT denotes an
T1337 4597-4609 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1338 4610-4619 NN denotes phenotype
T2063 4645-4656 NN denotes Preparation
T2064 4657-4659 IN denotes of
T2065 4660-4668 NNP denotes Degraded
T2066 4669-4680 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T2067 4681-4684 CD denotes Two
T2068 4685-4697 NN denotes preparations
T2069 4698-4700 IN denotes of
T2070 4701-4709 VB denotes degraded
T2071 4710-4721 NN denotes carrageenan
T2072 4722-4726 IN denotes with
T2073 4727-4730 JJ denotes low
T2074 4730-4731 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2075 4732-4733 -LRB- denotes (
T2076 4733-4736 CD denotes ∼10
T2077 4737-4740 NN denotes kDa
T2078 4740-4741 -COLON- denotes ;
T2079 4742-4745 NN denotes C10
T2080 4745-4746 -RRB- denotes )
T2081 4746-4747 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2082 4748-4751 CC denotes and
T2083 4752-4758 NN denotes medium
T2084 4758-4759 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2085 4760-4761 -LRB- denotes (
T2086 4761-4764 CD denotes ∼40
T2087 4765-4768 NN denotes kDa
T2088 4768-4769 -COLON- denotes ;
T2089 4770-4773 NN denotes C40
T2090 4773-4774 -RRB- denotes )
T2091 4775-4784 JJ denotes molecular
T2092 4785-4791 NN denotes weight
T2093 4792-4796 VB denotes were
T2094 4797-4805 VB denotes prepared
T2095 4806-4810 IN denotes from
T2096 4811-4817 JJ denotes native
T2097 4818-4834 NN denotes iota-carrageenan
T2098 4835-4844 VB denotes extracted
T2099 4845-4849 IN denotes from
T2100 4850-4857 NNP denotes Euchema
T2101 4858-4866 NN denotes spinosum
T2102 4867-4868 -LRB- denotes (
T2103 4868-4878 RB denotes generously
T2104 4879-4887 VB denotes provided
T2105 4888-4890 IN denotes by
T2106 4891-4897 NNP denotes Sanofi
T2107 4898-4908 NNP denotes Biosystems
T2108 4909-4917 NNP denotes Industry
T2109 4917-4918 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2110 4919-4939 NNP denotes Boulogne-Billancourt
T2111 4939-4940 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2112 4941-4947 NNP denotes France
T2113 4947-4948 -RRB- denotes )
T2114 4950-4956 JJ denotes Native
T2115 4957-4968 NN denotes carrageenan
T2116 4969-4972 VB denotes was
T2117 4973-4982 VB denotes dissolved
T2118 4983-4985 IN denotes in
T2119 4986-4995 JJ denotes distilled
T2120 4996-5001 NN denotes water
T2121 5002-5003 -LRB- denotes (
T2122 5003-5004 CD denotes 5
T2123 5004-5005 NN denotes %
T2124 5006-5009 NN denotes w/v
T2125 5009-5010 -RRB- denotes )
T2126 5011-5016 IN denotes under
T2127 5017-5025 JJ denotes vigorous
T2128 5026-5034 VB denotes stirring
T2129 5035-5038 CC denotes and
T2130 5039-5045 VB denotes heated
T2131 5046-5048 TO denotes to
T2132 5049-5054 NNP denotes 60°C.
T2133 5055-5059 NNP denotes Then
T2134 5059-5060 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2135 5061-5064 DT denotes the
T2136 5065-5076 NN denotes carrageenan
T2137 5077-5085 NN denotes solution
T2138 5086-5089 VB denotes was
T2139 5090-5099 VB denotes submitted
T2140 5100-5102 TO denotes to
T2141 5103-5106 CD denotes two
T2142 5107-5116 JJ denotes different
T2143 5117-5127 NN denotes treatments
T2144 5128-5130 TO denotes to
T2145 5131-5137 VB denotes obtain
T2146 5138-5142 CC denotes both
T2147 5143-5146 JJ denotes low
T2148 5147-5150 CC denotes and
T2149 5151-5157 JJ denotes medium
T2150 5158-5167 JJ denotes molecular
T2151 5168-5174 NN denotes weight
T2152 5175-5184 NN denotes fractions
T2153 5186-5193 RB denotes Briefly
T2154 5193-5194 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2155 5195-5198 IN denotes for
T2156 5199-5202 DT denotes the
T2157 5203-5206 JJ denotes low
T2158 5207-5216 JJ denotes molecular
T2159 5217-5223 NN denotes weight
T2160 5224-5232 NN denotes fraction
T2161 5232-5233 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2162 5234-5245 NN denotes carrageenan
T2163 5246-5254 NN denotes solution
T2164 5255-5258 VB denotes was
T2165 5259-5269 VB denotes hydrolyzed
T2166 5270-5274 IN denotes with
T2167 5275-5278 CD denotes 0.3
T2168 5278-5279 NN denotes %
T2169 5280-5281 -LRB- denotes (
T2170 5281-5284 NN denotes v/v
T2171 5284-5285 -RRB- denotes )
T2172 5286-5298 VB denotes concentrated
T2173 5299-5308 JJ denotes sulphuric
T2174 5309-5313 NN denotes acid
T2175 5314-5317 IN denotes for
T2176 5318-5320 CD denotes 15
T2177 5321-5324 NN denotes min
T2178 5325-5327 IN denotes at
T2179 5328-5333 NNP denotes 80°C.
T2180 5334-5339 NNP denotes After
T2181 5340-5354 NN denotes neutralization
T2182 5355-5359 IN denotes with
T2183 5360-5364 NN denotes NaOH
T2184 5365-5367 NN denotes 4N
T2185 5367-5368 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2186 5369-5372 DT denotes the
T2187 5373-5381 NN denotes solution
T2188 5382-5385 VB denotes was
T2189 5386-5391 NN denotes ultra
T2190 5392-5400 VB denotes filtered
T2191 5401-5408 IN denotes through
T2192 5409-5410 DT denotes a
T2193 5411-5417 JJ denotes hollow
T2194 5418-5423 NN denotes fibre
T2195 5424-5433 NN denotes cartridge
T2196 5434-5438 IN denotes with
T2197 5439-5441 NN denotes MW
T2198 5442-5449 JJ denotes cut-off
T2199 5450-5451 CD denotes 5
T2200 5452-5455 NN denotes kDa
T2201 5455-5456 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2202 5457-5458 -LRB- denotes (
T2203 5458-5464 NNP denotes Amicon
T2204 5465-5468 NNP denotes Inc
T2205 5468-5469 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2206 5470-5477 NNP denotes Beverly
T2207 5477-5478 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2208 5479-5482 NNP denotes USA
T2209 5482-5483 -RRB- denotes )
T2210 5485-5488 IN denotes For
T2211 5489-5492 DT denotes the
T2212 5493-5499 NN denotes medium
T2213 5500-5509 JJ denotes molecular
T2214 5510-5516 NN denotes weight
T2215 5517-5525 NN denotes fraction
T2216 5525-5526 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2217 5527-5530 DT denotes the
T2218 5531-5542 NN denotes carrageenan
T2219 5543-5551 NN denotes solution
T2220 5552-5555 VB denotes was
T2221 5556-5566 VB denotes hydrolyzed
T2222 5567-5571 IN denotes with
T2223 5572-5575 CD denotes 0.3
T2224 5575-5576 NN denotes %
T2225 5577-5578 -LRB- denotes (
T2226 5578-5581 NN denotes v/v
T2227 5581-5582 -RRB- denotes )
T2228 5583-5595 VB denotes concentrated
T2229 5596-5605 JJ denotes sulphuric
T2230 5606-5610 NN denotes acid
T2231 5611-5614 IN denotes for
T2232 5615-5617 CD denotes 30
T2233 5618-5621 NN denotes min
T2234 5622-5624 IN denotes at
T2235 5625-5630 NNP denotes 60°C.
T2236 5631-5636 IN denotes After
T2237 5637-5651 NN denotes neutralization
T2238 5651-5652 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2239 5653-5656 DT denotes the
T2240 5657-5668 NN denotes supernatant
T2241 5669-5672 VB denotes was
T2242 5673-5678 AFX denotes ultra
T2243 5679-5687 VB denotes filtered
T2244 5688-5689 -LRB- denotes (
T2245 5689-5691 NN denotes MW
T2246 5692-5699 JJ denotes cut-off
T2247 5700-5703 CD denotes 100
T2248 5704-5707 NN denotes kDa
T2249 5707-5708 -RRB- denotes )
T2250 5710-5713 DT denotes The
T2251 5714-5722 NN denotes filtrate
T2252 5723-5726 VB denotes was
T2253 5727-5736 VB denotes submitted
T2254 5737-5739 TO denotes to
T2255 5740-5741 DT denotes a
T2256 5742-5748 JJ denotes second
T2257 5749-5754 NN denotes ultra
T2258 5755-5765 NN denotes filtration
T2259 5766-5767 -LRB- denotes (
T2260 5767-5769 NN denotes MW
T2261 5770-5777 NN denotes cut-off
T2262 5778-5779 CD denotes 5
T2263 5780-5783 NN denotes kDa
T2264 5783-5784 -RRB- denotes )
T2265 5786-5790 DT denotes Both
T2266 5791-5803 NN denotes preparations
T2267 5804-5806 IN denotes of
T2268 5807-5811 NN denotes dCGN
T2269 5812-5816 VB denotes were
T2270 5817-5829 VB denotes precipitated
T2271 5830-5834 IN denotes with
T2272 5835-5836 CD denotes 4
T2273 5837-5844 NN denotes volumes
T2274 5845-5847 IN denotes of
T2275 5848-5850 CD denotes 95
T2276 5850-5851 NN denotes %
T2277 5852-5859 NN denotes ethanol
T2278 5859-5860 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2279 5861-5866 VB denotes dried
T2280 5867-5869 IN denotes at
T2281 5870-5874 NN denotes room
T2282 5875-5886 NN denotes temperature
T2283 5887-5890 CC denotes and
T2284 5891-5897 NN denotes ground
T2285 5898-5900 TO denotes to
T2286 5901-5906 JJ denotes small
T2287 5907-5916 NN denotes particles
T2288 5917-5918 -LRB- denotes (
T2289 5918-5919 CD denotes 1
T2290 5920-5922 NN denotes mm
T2291 5923-5925 IN denotes in
T2292 5926-5934 NN denotes diameter
T2293 5934-5935 -RRB- denotes )
T2294 5937-5942 VB denotes Using
T2295 5943-5957 NN denotes gel-permeation
T2296 5958-5972 NN denotes chromatography
T2297 5973-5975 IN denotes in
T2298 5976-5987 NN denotes combination
T2299 5988-5992 IN denotes with
T2300 5993-5998 JJ denotes light
T2301 5999-6009 NN denotes scattering
T2302 6010-6022 NN denotes measurements
T2303 6023-6024 -LRB- denotes (
T2304 6024-6027 VB denotes see
T2305 6028-6034 NNP denotes Viebke
T2306 6035-6037 FW denotes et
T2307 6038-6041 FW denotes al.
T2308 6042-6043 -LRB- denotes [
T2309 6043-6045 CD denotes 21
T2310 6045-6046 -RRB- denotes ]
T2311 6046-6047 -RRB- denotes )
T2312 6047-6048 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2313 6049-6051 PRP denotes it
T2314 6052-6055 VB denotes was
T2315 6056-6065 VB denotes confirmed
T2316 6066-6070 IN denotes that
T2317 6071-6074 DT denotes the
T2318 6075-6078 JJ denotes low
T2319 6079-6087 NN denotes fraction
T2320 6088-6091 VB denotes had
T2321 6092-6094 DT denotes an
T2322 6095-6102 JJ denotes average
T2323 6103-6112 JJ denotes molecular
T2324 6113-6119 NN denotes weight
T2325 6120-6122 IN denotes of
T2326 6123-6125 CD denotes 10
T2327 6126-6129 NN denotes kDa
T2328 6129-6130 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2329 6131-6134 CC denotes and
T2330 6135-6138 DT denotes the
T2331 6139-6145 NN denotes medium
T2332 6146-6154 NN denotes fraction
T2333 6155-6157 IN denotes of
T2334 6158-6160 CD denotes 40
T2335 6161-6164 NN denotes kDa
T2336 6166-6169 DT denotes The
T2337 6170-6178 NN denotes sulphate
T2338 6179-6186 NN denotes content
T2339 6187-6189 IN denotes of
T2340 6190-6205 NN denotes polysaccharides
T2341 6206-6208 IN denotes in
T2342 6209-6213 DT denotes both
T2343 6214-6223 NN denotes fractions
T2344 6224-6227 VB denotes was
T2345 6228-6236 VB denotes measured
T2346 6237-6246 VB denotes following
T2347 6247-6250 DT denotes the
T2348 6251-6257 NN denotes method
T2349 6258-6260 IN denotes of
T2350 6261-6269 NNP denotes Quemener
T2351 6270-6272 FW denotes et
T2352 6273-6276 FW denotes al.
T2353 6277-6278 -LRB- denotes [
T2354 6278-6280 CD denotes 22
T2355 6280-6281 -RRB- denotes ]
T2356 6283-6290 RB denotes Finally
T2357 6290-6291 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2358 6292-6295 DT denotes the
T2359 6296-6303 NN denotes absence
T2360 6304-6306 IN denotes of
T2361 6307-6321 NN denotes polysaccharide
T2362 6322-6331 NN denotes structure
T2363 6332-6345 NN denotes modifications
T2364 6346-6348 IN denotes in
T2365 6349-6352 DT denotes the
T2366 6353-6356 CD denotes two
T2367 6357-6366 NN denotes fractions
T2368 6367-6370 VB denotes was
T2369 6371-6380 VB denotes confirmed
T2370 6381-6386 VB denotes using
T2371 6387-6393 NN denotes 2H-NMR
T2372 6394-6406 NN denotes spectroscopy
T2373 6408-6411 DT denotes The
T2374 6412-6419 NN denotes absence
T2375 6420-6422 IN denotes of
T2376 6423-6426 NN denotes LPS
T2377 6427-6440 NN denotes contamination
T2378 6441-6443 IN denotes in
T2379 6444-6447 DT denotes the
T2380 6448-6451 CD denotes two
T2381 6452-6461 NN denotes fractions
T2382 6462-6465 VB denotes was
T2383 6466-6475 VB denotes confirmed
T2384 6476-6481 VB denotes using
T2385 6482-6485 DT denotes the
T2386 6486-6495 NN denotes e-Toxate®
T2387 6496-6499 NN denotes kit
T2388 6500-6501 -LRB- denotes (
T2389 6501-6506 NNP denotes Sigma
T2390 6506-6507 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2391 6508-6510 NNP denotes St
T2392 6511-6518 NNP denotes Quentin
T2393 6519-6528 NNP denotes Fallavier
T2394 6528-6529 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2395 6530-6536 NNP denotes France
T2396 6536-6537 -RRB- denotes )
T2397 6539-6545 IN denotes Before
T2398 6546-6549 NN denotes use
T2399 6550-6552 IN denotes in
T2400 6553-6557 NN denotes cell
T2401 6558-6565 NN denotes culture
T2402 6565-6566 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2403 6567-6570 DT denotes the
T2404 6571-6574 CD denotes two
T2405 6575-6584 NN denotes fractions
T2406 6585-6589 VB denotes were
T2407 6590-6599 VB denotes dissolved
T2408 6600-6602 IN denotes in
T2409 6603-6611 JJ denotes complete
T2410 6612-6618 NN denotes medium
T2411 6619-6625 IN denotes during
T2412 6626-6628 CD denotes 30
T2413 6629-6632 NN denotes min
T2414 6633-6635 IN denotes at
T2415 6636-6640 NN denotes 56°C
T2818 6650-6651 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2819 6652-6661 NNP denotes Chemicals
T2820 6662-6665 CC denotes and
T2821 6666-6670 NNP denotes Diet
T2822 6671-6675 JJ denotes Male
T2823 6676-6682 NNP denotes Wistar
T2824 6683-6687 NN denotes rats
T2825 6688-6689 -LRB- denotes (
T2826 6689-6692 CD denotes 150
T2827 6693-6694 NN denotes g
T2828 6695-6702 JJ denotes average
T2829 6703-6709 NN denotes weight
T2830 6709-6710 -RRB- denotes )
T2831 6711-6715 VB denotes were
T2832 6716-6722 VB denotes housed
T2833 6723-6728 IN denotes under
T2834 6729-6737 JJ denotes standard
T2835 6738-6748 NN denotes conditions
T2836 6749-6752 CC denotes and
T2837 6753-6756 VB denotes fed
T2838 6757-6759 NN denotes ad
T2839 6760-6767 NN denotes libitum
T2840 6768-6772 IN denotes with
T2841 6773-6781 JJ denotes standard
T2842 6782-6788 NN denotes rodent
T2843 6789-6799 NN denotes laboratory
T2844 6800-6804 NN denotes chow
T2845 6806-6814 VB denotes Degraded
T2846 6815-6832 NN denotes iota-carrageenans
T2847 6833-6837 VB denotes were
T2848 6838-6850 VB denotes administered
T2849 6851-6853 IN denotes in
T2850 6854-6857 DT denotes the
T2851 6858-6866 NN denotes drinking
T2852 6867-6872 NN denotes water
T2853 6873-6874 -LRB- denotes (
T2854 6874-6875 CD denotes 5
T2855 6875-6876 NN denotes %
T2856 6877-6880 NN denotes w/v
T2857 6880-6881 -RRB- denotes )
T2858 6882-6885 IN denotes for
T2859 6886-6888 CD denotes 55
T2860 6889-6893 NN denotes days
T2861 6894-6896 TO denotes to
T2862 6897-6898 CD denotes 2
T2863 6899-6905 NN denotes groups
T2864 6906-6908 IN denotes of
T2865 6909-6912 CD denotes six
T2866 6913-6920 NN denotes animals
T2867 6921-6925 DT denotes each
T2868 6927-6930 DT denotes The
T2869 6931-6936 JJ denotes first
T2870 6937-6942 NN denotes group
T2871 6943-6951 VB denotes received
T2872 6952-6955 DT denotes the
T2873 6956-6959 JJ denotes low
T2874 6960-6969 JJ denotes molecular
T2875 6970-6976 NN denotes weight
T2876 6977-6988 NN denotes carrageenan
T2877 6989-6990 -LRB- denotes (
T2878 6990-6992 CD denotes 10
T2879 6993-6996 NN denotes kDa
T2880 6997-7001 NN denotes dCGN
T2881 7001-7002 -RRB- denotes )
T2882 7003-7006 CC denotes and
T2883 7007-7010 DT denotes the
T2884 7011-7017 NN denotes second
T2885 7018-7026 VB denotes received
T2886 7027-7030 DT denotes the
T2887 7031-7037 NN denotes medium
T2888 7038-7047 JJ denotes molecular
T2889 7048-7054 NN denotes weight
T2890 7055-7066 NN denotes carrageenan
T2891 7067-7068 -LRB- denotes (
T2892 7068-7070 CD denotes 40
T2893 7071-7074 NN denotes kDa
T2894 7075-7079 NN denotes dCGN
T2895 7079-7080 -RRB- denotes )
T2896 7082-7084 DT denotes An
T2897 7085-7095 JJ denotes additional
T2898 7096-7101 NN denotes group
T2899 7102-7104 IN denotes of
T2900 7105-7109 CD denotes four
T2901 7110-7114 NN denotes rats
T2902 7115-7119 VB denotes were
T2903 7120-7130 VB denotes maintained
T2904 7131-7133 IN denotes on
T2905 7134-7141 JJ denotes regular
T2906 7142-7145 NN denotes tap
T2907 7146-7151 NN denotes water
T2908 7152-7153 -LRB- denotes (
T2909 7153-7160 NN denotes control
T2910 7161-7166 NN denotes group
T2911 7166-7167 -RRB- denotes )
T2912 7169-7171 TO denotes To
T2913 7172-7180 VB denotes increase
T2914 7181-7193 NN denotes palatability
T2915 7194-7197 CD denotes 0.2
T2916 7197-7198 NN denotes %
T2917 7199-7206 NN denotes sucrose
T2918 7207-7210 VB denotes was
T2919 7211-7216 VB denotes added
T2920 7217-7219 TO denotes to
T2921 7220-7223 DT denotes the
T2922 7224-7232 NN denotes drinking
T2923 7233-7238 NN denotes water
T2924 7239-7241 IN denotes of
T2925 7242-7245 DT denotes all
T2926 7246-7252 NN denotes groups
T2927 7253-7254 -LRB- denotes (
T2928 7254-7257 NNP denotes Van
T2929 7258-7261 NNP denotes der
T2930 7262-7267 NNP denotes Waaji
T2931 7268-7270 FW denotes et
T2932 7271-7274 FW denotes al.
T2933 7274-7275 -COMMA- denotes ,
T2934 7276-7277 -LRB- denotes [
T2935 7277-7279 CD denotes 23
T2936 7279-7280 -RRB- denotes ]
T2937 7280-7281 -RRB- denotes )
T2938 7283-7288 JJ denotes Fresh
T2939 7289-7300 NN denotes carrageenan
T2940 7301-7310 NN denotes solutions
T2941 7311-7315 VB denotes were
T2942 7316-7324 VB denotes prepared
T2943 7325-7330 RB denotes daily
T3130 7333-7343 NN denotes Evaluation
T3131 7344-7346 IN denotes of
T3132 7347-7354 NN denotes Colitis
T3133 7355-7359 NNP denotes Body
T3134 7360-7366 NN denotes weight
T3135 7366-7367 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3136 7368-7374 NN denotes liquid
T3137 7375-7378 CC denotes and
T3138 7379-7383 NN denotes food
T3139 7384-7395 NN denotes consumption
T3140 7395-7396 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3141 7397-7405 NN denotes diarrhea
T3142 7406-7409 CC denotes and
T3143 7410-7416 JJ denotes rectal
T3144 7417-7425 NN denotes bleeding
T3145 7426-7427 -LRB- denotes (
T3146 7427-7435 VB denotes detected
T3147 7436-7438 IN denotes by
T3148 7439-7442 NN denotes eye
T3149 7443-7453 NN denotes inspection
T3150 7453-7454 -RRB- denotes )
T3151 7455-7459 VB denotes were
T3152 7460-7468 VB denotes recorded
T3153 7469-7479 IN denotes throughout
T3154 7480-7483 DT denotes the
T3155 7484-7491 NN denotes feeding
T3156 7492-7498 NN denotes period
T3157 7500-7505 IN denotes After
T3158 7506-7508 CD denotes 55
T3159 7509-7513 NN denotes days
T3160 7513-7514 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3161 7515-7522 NN denotes animals
T3162 7523-7527 VB denotes were
T3163 7528-7538 VB denotes sacrificed
T3164 7539-7541 IN denotes by
T3165 7542-7550 JJ denotes cervical
T3166 7551-7562 NN denotes dislocation
T3167 7564-7567 DT denotes The
T3168 7568-7574 NN denotes length
T3169 7575-7577 IN denotes of
T3170 7578-7581 DT denotes the
T3171 7582-7587 NN denotes colon
T3172 7588-7591 VB denotes was
T3173 7592-7600 VB denotes measured
T3174 7601-7603 IN denotes as
T3175 7604-7613 VB denotes described
T3176 7614-7616 IN denotes by
T3177 7617-7625 NNP denotes Okayashu
T3178 7626-7628 FW denotes et
T3179 7629-7632 FW denotes al.
T3180 7633-7634 -LRB- denotes [
T3181 7634-7636 CD denotes 24
T3182 7636-7637 -RRB- denotes ]
T3183 7639-7643 RB denotes Then
T3184 7643-7644 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3185 7645-7649 DT denotes each
T3186 7650-7655 NN denotes colon
T3187 7656-7659 VB denotes was
T3188 7660-7667 VB denotes ligated
T3189 7668-7670 IN denotes in
T3190 7671-7679 NN denotes sections
T3191 7680-7682 IN denotes of
T3192 7683-7684 CD denotes 2
T3193 7685-7687 NN denotes cm
T3194 7688-7691 CC denotes and
T3195 7692-7693 CD denotes 1
T3196 7694-7696 TO denotes to
T3197 7697-7698 CD denotes 2
T3198 7699-7701 NN denotes ml
T3199 7702-7704 IN denotes of
T3200 7705-7707 CD denotes 10
T3201 7707-7708 NN denotes %
T3202 7709-7717 NN denotes formalin
T3203 7718-7721 VB denotes was
T3204 7722-7729 VB denotes infused
T3205 7730-7734 IN denotes into
T3206 7735-7738 DT denotes the
T3207 7739-7749 JJ denotes intestinal
T3208 7750-7755 NN denotes lumen
T3209 7757-7760 DT denotes The
T3210 7761-7771 RB denotes moderately
T3211 7772-7781 VB denotes distended
T3212 7782-7789 NN denotes segment
T3213 7790-7793 VB denotes was
T3214 7794-7803 VB denotes sectioned
T3215 7804-7807 CC denotes and
T3216 7808-7813 VB denotes fixed
T3217 7814-7816 IN denotes in
T3218 7817-7819 CD denotes 10
T3219 7819-7820 NN denotes %
T3220 7821-7829 NN denotes formalin
T3221 7831-7834 DT denotes The
T3222 7835-7844 VB denotes following
T3223 7845-7848 NN denotes day
T3224 7848-7849 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3225 7850-7853 DT denotes the
T3226 7854-7864 JJ denotes intestinal
T3227 7865-7872 NN denotes content
T3228 7873-7876 VB denotes was
T3229 7877-7884 VB denotes removed
T3230 7885-7887 IN denotes by
T3231 7888-7897 NN denotes vortexing
T3232 7899-7902 DT denotes The
T3233 7903-7908 VB denotes fixed
T3234 7909-7916 NN denotes segment
T3235 7917-7920 VB denotes was
T3236 7921-7925 VB denotes kept
T3237 7926-7928 IN denotes in
T3238 7929-7931 CD denotes 10
T3239 7931-7932 NN denotes %
T3240 7933-7941 NN denotes formalin
T3241 7942-7944 IN denotes at
T3242 7945-7948 NN denotes 4°C
T3243 7949-7954 IN denotes until
T3244 7955-7958 DT denotes the
T3245 7959-7967 NN denotes paraffin
T3246 7968-7977 NN denotes embedding
T3247 7978-7987 NN denotes procedure
T3248 7989-7991 TO denotes To
T3249 7992-8000 VB denotes evaluate
T3250 8001-8004 DT denotes the
T3251 8005-8011 NN denotes degree
T3252 8012-8014 IN denotes of
T3253 8015-8027 NN denotes inflammation
T3254 8027-8028 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3255 8029-8033 DT denotes this
T3256 8034-8041 NN denotes segment
T3257 8042-8044 IN denotes of
T3258 8045-8050 NN denotes colon
T3259 8051-8054 VB denotes was
T3260 8055-8061 VB denotes opened
T3261 8062-8076 RB denotes longitudinally
T3262 8077-8080 CC denotes and
T3263 8081-8092 JJ denotes macroscopic
T3264 8093-8096 CC denotes and
T3265 8097-8109 JJ denotes histological
T3266 8110-8116 NN denotes scores
T3267 8117-8119 IN denotes of
T3268 8120-8132 NN denotes inflammation
T3269 8133-8137 VB denotes were
T3270 8138-8146 VB denotes recorded
T3271 8147-8149 IN denotes as
T3272 8150-8160 RB denotes previously
T3273 8161-8170 VB denotes described
T3274 8171-8172 -LRB- denotes [
T3275 8172-8174 CD denotes 25
T3276 8174-8175 -RRB- denotes ]
T3277 8175-8176 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3278 8177-8178 -LRB- denotes [
T3279 8178-8180 CD denotes 26
T3280 8180-8181 -RRB- denotes ]
T3281 8183-8186 DT denotes The
T3282 8187-8196 NN denotes toluidine
T3283 8197-8201 JJ denotes blue
T3284 8202-8210 NN denotes staining
T3285 8211-8214 VB denotes was
T3286 8215-8219 VB denotes used
T3287 8220-8223 IN denotes for
T3288 8224-8238 NN denotes identification
T3289 8239-8241 IN denotes of
T3290 8242-8251 VB denotes sulphated
T3291 8252-8267 NN denotes polysaccharides
T3292 8268-8270 IN denotes in
T3293 8271-8274 DT denotes the
T3294 8275-8285 JJ denotes intestinal
T3295 8286-8292 NN denotes mucosa
T3296 8294-8296 IN denotes On
T3297 8297-8300 DT denotes the
T3298 8301-8304 NN denotes day
T3299 8305-8307 IN denotes of
T3300 8308-8317 NN denotes sacrifice
T3301 8317-8318 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3302 8319-8320 DT denotes a
T3303 8321-8326 JJ denotes fresh
T3304 8327-8333 NN denotes sample
T3305 8334-8336 IN denotes of
T3306 8337-8341 DT denotes each
T3307 8342-8347 NN denotes colon
T3308 8348-8349 -LRB- denotes (
T3309 8349-8351 CD denotes 50
T3310 8352-8354 NN denotes mg
T3311 8354-8355 -RRB- denotes )
T3312 8356-8359 VB denotes was
T3313 8360-8369 VB denotes collected
T3314 8370-8373 IN denotes for
T3315 8374-8389 NN denotes myeloperoxidase
T3316 8390-8391 -LRB- denotes (
T3317 8391-8394 NN denotes MPO
T3318 8394-8395 -RRB- denotes )
T3319 8396-8401 NN denotes assay
T3320 8402-8411 VB denotes according
T3321 8412-8414 TO denotes to
T3322 8415-8422 NNP denotes Krawisz
T3323 8423-8425 FW denotes et
T3324 8426-8429 FW denotes al.
T3325 8429-8430 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3326 8431-8432 -LRB- denotes [
T3327 8432-8434 CD denotes 27
T3328 8434-8435 -RRB- denotes ]
T3329 8437-8440 DT denotes The
T3330 8441-8446 NN denotes level
T3331 8447-8449 IN denotes of
T3332 8450-8453 NN denotes MPO
T3333 8453-8454 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3334 8455-8461 RB denotes mainly
T3335 8462-8471 VB denotes expressed
T3336 8472-8474 IN denotes by
T3337 8475-8486 NN denotes neutrophils
T3338 8486-8487 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3339 8488-8497 VB denotes indicates
T3340 8498-8501 DT denotes the
T3341 8502-8506 NN denotes rate
T3342 8507-8509 IN denotes of
T3343 8510-8521 NN denotes recruitment
T3344 8522-8524 IN denotes of
T3345 8525-8536 NN denotes neutrophils
T3346 8537-8539 TO denotes to
T3347 8540-8543 DT denotes the
T3348 8544-8554 JJ denotes intestinal
T3349 8555-8561 NN denotes mucosa
T3350 8563-8566 CD denotes One
T3351 8567-8571 NN denotes unit
T3352 8572-8574 IN denotes of
T3353 8575-8578 NN denotes MPO
T3354 8579-8587 NN denotes activity
T3355 8588-8599 VB denotes corresponds
T3356 8600-8602 TO denotes to
T3357 8603-8606 DT denotes the
T3358 8607-8618 NN denotes degradation
T3359 8619-8621 IN denotes of
T3360 8622-8623 CD denotes 1
T3361 8624-8628 NN denotes µmol
T3362 8629-8631 IN denotes of
T3363 8632-8640 NN denotes peroxide
T3364 8641-8644 IN denotes per
T3365 8645-8651 NN denotes minute
T3366 8652-8654 IN denotes at
T3367 8655-8659 NN denotes 25°C
T3676 8662-8666 NNP denotes Cell
T3677 8667-8674 NNP denotes Culture
T3678 8675-8678 DT denotes All
T3679 8679-8685 NN denotes tissue
T3680 8686-8693 NN denotes culture
T3681 8694-8702 NN denotes reagents
T3682 8703-8707 VB denotes were
T3683 8708-8712 IN denotes from
T3684 8713-8723 NN denotes Invitrogen
T3685 8724-8725 -LRB- denotes (
T3686 8725-8730 NNP denotes Cergy
T3687 8731-8739 NNP denotes Pontoise
T3688 8739-8740 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3689 8741-8747 NNP denotes France
T3690 8747-8748 -RRB- denotes )
T3691 8750-8755 NN denotes THP-1
T3692 8756-8761 JJ denotes human
T3693 8762-8771 JJ denotes monocytic
T3694 8772-8777 NN denotes cells
T3695 8778-8782 VB denotes were
T3696 8783-8793 VB denotes maintained
T3697 8794-8796 IN denotes in
T3698 8797-8806 NN denotes RPMI-1640
T3699 8807-8819 VB denotes supplemented
T3700 8820-8824 IN denotes with
T3701 8825-8827 CD denotes 10
T3702 8827-8828 NN denotes %
T3703 8829-8832 NN denotes FCS
T3704 8832-8833 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3705 8834-8835 CD denotes 2
T3706 8836-8838 NN denotes mM
T3707 8839-8840 NN denotes L
T3708 8841-8851 NN denotes -glutamine
T3709 8851-8852 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3710 8853-8855 CD denotes 50
T3711 8856-8860 NN denotes U/ml
T3712 8861-8871 NN denotes penicillin
T3713 8872-8875 CC denotes and
T3714 8876-8878 CD denotes 50
T3715 8879-8884 NN denotes mg/ml
T3716 8885-8897 NN denotes streptomycin
T3717 8898-8900 IN denotes at
T3718 8901-8905 NN denotes 37°C
T3719 8906-8908 IN denotes in
T3720 8909-8910 DT denotes a
T3721 8911-8912 CD denotes 5
T3722 8912-8913 NN denotes %
T3723 8914-8917 NN denotes CO2
T3724 8918-8927 NN denotes incubator
T3725 8929-8934 JJ denotes Human
T3726 8935-8945 JJ denotes peripheral
T3727 8946-8951 NN denotes blood
T3728 8952-8963 JJ denotes mononuclear
T3729 8964-8969 NN denotes cells
T3730 8970-8974 VB denotes were
T3731 8975-8983 VB denotes obtained
T3732 8984-8988 IN denotes from
T3733 8989-9000 VB denotes heparinized
T3734 9001-9006 NN denotes blood
T3735 9007-9009 IN denotes by
T3736 9010-9024 JJ denotes Ficoll-Hypaque
T3737 9025-9032 NN denotes density
T3738 9033-9041 NN denotes gradient
T3739 9043-9052 NN denotes Monocytes
T3740 9053-9057 VB denotes were
T3741 9058-9062 RB denotes then
T3742 9063-9071 VB denotes isolated
T3743 9072-9074 IN denotes by
T3744 9075-9084 NN denotes adherence
T3745 9085-9087 TO denotes to
T3746 9088-9095 NN denotes culture
T3747 9096-9102 NN denotes flasks
T3748 9103-9105 IN denotes as
T3749 9106-9115 VB denotes described
T3750 9116-9117 -LRB- denotes [
T3751 9117-9119 CD denotes 28
T3752 9119-9120 -RRB- denotes ]
T3753 9122-9125 IN denotes For
T3754 9126-9130 NN denotes cell
T3755 9131-9142 NN denotes aggregation
T3756 9142-9143 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3757 9144-9153 NN denotes monocytes
T3758 9154-9158 VB denotes were
T3759 9159-9167 VB denotes cultured
T3760 9168-9170 IN denotes in
T3761 9171-9174 DT denotes the
T3762 9175-9183 NN denotes presence
T3763 9184-9186 CC denotes or
T3764 9187-9194 NN denotes absence
T3765 9195-9197 IN denotes of
T3766 9198-9201 NN denotes C10
T3767 9202-9204 CC denotes or
T3768 9205-9208 NN denotes C40
T3769 9209-9212 IN denotes for
T3770 9213-9215 CD denotes 72
T3771 9216-9217 NN denotes h
T3772 9219-9223 NN denotes Cell
T3773 9224-9232 NN denotes colonies
T3774 9233-9237 VB denotes were
T3775 9238-9247 VB denotes monitored
T3776 9248-9253 IN denotes under
T3777 9254-9256 DT denotes an
T3778 9257-9265 VB denotes inverted
T3779 9266-9271 NN denotes phase
T3780 9272-9280 NN denotes contrast
T3781 9281-9291 NN denotes microscope
T3782 9292-9299 VB denotes coupled
T3783 9300-9307 IN denotes through
T3784 9308-9309 DT denotes a
T3785 9310-9315 NN denotes video
T3786 9316-9322 NN denotes camera
T3787 9323-9325 TO denotes to
T3788 9326-9327 DT denotes a
T3789 9328-9336 NN denotes computer
T3790 9338-9340 IN denotes In
T3791 9341-9345 DT denotes some
T3792 9346-9351 NN denotes wells
T3793 9351-9352 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3794 9353-9365 VB denotes neutralizing
T3795 9366-9376 JJ denotes monoclonal
T3796 9377-9385 NN denotes antibody
T3797 9386-9388 TO denotes to
T3798 9389-9395 NN denotes ICAM-1
T3799 9396-9397 -LRB- denotes (
T3800 9397-9400 CD denotes 2.5
T3801 9401-9406 NN denotes µg/ml
T3802 9406-9407 -RRB- denotes )
T3803 9408-9409 -LRB- denotes (
T3804 9409-9413 NNP denotes Tebu
T3805 9413-9414 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3806 9415-9417 NNP denotes Le
T3807 9418-9424 NNP denotes Perray
T3808 9425-9427 NNP denotes en
T3809 9428-9436 NNP denotes Yvelines
T3810 9436-9437 -COMMA- denotes ,
T3811 9438-9444 NNP denotes France
T3812 9444-9445 -RRB- denotes )
T3813 9446-9449 VB denotes was
T3814 9450-9455 VB denotes added
T3986 9458-9462 NN denotes Cell
T3987 9463-9468 NN denotes Cycle
T3988 9469-9477 NN denotes Analysis
T3989 9478-9483 NN denotes THP-1
T3990 9484-9489 NN denotes cells
T3991 9490-9492 IN denotes in
T3992 9493-9504 JJ denotes exponential
T3993 9505-9511 NN denotes growth
T3994 9512-9517 NN denotes phase
T3995 9518-9522 VB denotes were
T3996 9523-9530 VB denotes exposed
T3997 9531-9533 TO denotes to
T3998 9534-9542 JJ denotes complete
T3999 9543-9549 NN denotes medium
T4000 9550-9552 IN denotes in
T4001 9553-9556 DT denotes the
T4002 9557-9565 NN denotes presence
T4003 9566-9568 CC denotes or
T4004 9569-9576 NN denotes absence
T4005 9577-9579 IN denotes of
T4006 9580-9592 NN denotes carrageenans
T4007 9593-9596 IN denotes for
T4008 9597-9599 CD denotes 24
T4009 9600-9601 NN denotes h
T4010 9602-9608 IN denotes before
T4011 9609-9614 VB denotes being
T4012 9615-9622 VB denotes stained
T4013 9623-9627 IN denotes with
T4014 9628-9637 NN denotes propidium
T4015 9638-9644 NN denotes iodide
T4016 9645-9650 VB denotes using
T4017 9651-9654 DT denotes the
T4018 9655-9663 JJ denotes DNA-Prep
T4019 9664-9671 NNP denotes Coulter
T4020 9672-9675 NN denotes kit
T4021 9676-9685 VB denotes according
T4022 9686-9688 TO denotes to
T4023 9689-9692 DT denotes the
T4024 9693-9705 NN denotes manufacturer
T4025 9705-9707 POS denotes 's
T4026 9708-9719 NN denotes instruction
T4027 9720-9721 -LRB- denotes (
T4028 9721-9736 NNP denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4029 9736-9737 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4030 9738-9748 NNP denotes Villepinte
T4031 9748-9749 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4032 9750-9756 NNP denotes France
T4033 9756-9757 -RRB- denotes )
T4034 9759-9763 NN denotes Cell
T4035 9764-9767 NN denotes DNA
T4036 9768-9775 NN denotes content
T4037 9776-9779 VB denotes was
T4038 9780-9784 RB denotes then
T4039 9785-9793 VB denotes analyzed
T4040 9794-9796 IN denotes by
T4041 9797-9801 NN denotes flow
T4042 9802-9811 NN denotes cytometry
T4043 9812-9817 VB denotes using
T4044 9818-9820 DT denotes an
T4045 9821-9826 NN denotes EPICS
T4046 9827-9830 NN denotes XL2
T4047 9831-9832 -LRB- denotes (
T4048 9832-9847 NN denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4049 9847-9848 -RRB- denotes )
T4050 9850-9853 NN denotes Raw
T4051 9854-9858 NN denotes data
T4052 9859-9862 IN denotes for
T4053 9863-9866 DT denotes the
T4054 9867-9879 NN denotes distribution
T4055 9880-9882 IN denotes of
T4056 9883-9886 NN denotes DNA
T4057 9887-9894 NN denotes content
T4058 9895-9897 IN denotes of
T4059 9898-9904 CD denotes 30,000
T4060 9905-9910 NN denotes cells
T4061 9911-9920 VB denotes retrieved
T4062 9921-9925 IN denotes from
T4063 9926-9929 DT denotes the
T4064 9930-9939 NN denotes cytometer
T4065 9940-9944 VB denotes were
T4066 9945-9954 VB denotes expressed
T4067 9955-9957 IN denotes as
T4068 9958-9961 DT denotes the
T4069 9962-9972 NN denotes percentage
T4070 9973-9975 IN denotes of
T4071 9976-9981 NN denotes G0/G1
T4072 9982-9989 IN denotes through
T4073 9990-9994 NN denotes G2/M
T4074 9995-10006 NN denotes populations
T4075 10008-10018 NNP denotes Multicycle
T4076 10019-10021 NN denotes AV
T4077 10022-10030 NN denotes software
T4078 10031-10032 -LRB- denotes (
T4079 10032-10039 NNP denotes Phoenix
T4080 10040-10044 NNP denotes Flow
T4081 10045-10052 NNP denotes Systems
T4082 10052-10053 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4083 10054-10057 NNP denotes San
T4084 10058-10063 NNP denotes Diego
T4085 10063-10064 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4086 10065-10067 NN denotes CA
T4087 10067-10068 -RRB- denotes )
T4088 10069-10072 VB denotes was
T4089 10073-10077 VB denotes used
T4090 10078-10080 TO denotes to
T4091 10081-10089 VB denotes generate
T4092 10090-10093 NN denotes DNA
T4093 10094-10101 NN denotes content
T4094 10102-10111 NN denotes frequency
T4095 10112-10122 NN denotes histograms
T4096 10123-10126 CC denotes and
T4097 10127-10137 VB denotes facilitate
T4098 10138-10142 NN denotes data
T4099 10143-10151 NN denotes analysis
T4242 10154-10158 NNP denotes Cell
T4243 10159-10166 NNP denotes Surface
T4244 10167-10174 NNP denotes Antigen
T4245 10175-10185 NN denotes Expression
T4246 10186-10194 NN denotes Analysis
T4247 10195-10205 JJ denotes Peripheral
T4248 10206-10211 NN denotes Blood
T4249 10212-10221 NN denotes Monocytes
T4250 10222-10224 CC denotes or
T4251 10225-10230 NN denotes THP-1
T4252 10231-10236 NN denotes cells
T4253 10237-10241 VB denotes were
T4254 10242-10249 VB denotes exposed
T4255 10250-10252 TO denotes to
T4256 10253-10261 JJ denotes complete
T4257 10262-10268 NN denotes medium
T4258 10269-10271 IN denotes in
T4259 10272-10275 DT denotes the
T4260 10276-10284 NN denotes presence
T4261 10285-10287 CC denotes or
T4262 10288-10295 NN denotes absence
T4263 10296-10298 IN denotes of
T4264 10299-10310 NN denotes carrageenan
T4265 10311-10314 IN denotes for
T4266 10315-10317 CD denotes 36
T4267 10318-10319 NN denotes h
T4268 10321-10326 IN denotes After
T4269 10327-10330 CD denotes two
T4270 10331-10337 NN denotes washes
T4271 10338-10340 IN denotes in
T4272 10341-10344 NNP denotes PBS
T4273 10345-10352 IN denotes without
T4274 10353-10357 NN denotes Ca2+
T4275 10358-10361 CC denotes and
T4276 10362-10366 NN denotes Mg2+
T4277 10366-10367 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4278 10368-10373 NN denotes cells
T4279 10374-10378 VB denotes were
T4280 10379-10388 VB denotes incubated
T4281 10389-10391 IN denotes in
T4282 10392-10395 NN denotes PBS
T4283 10396-10406 VB denotes containing
T4284 10407-10410 CD denotes 0.1
T4285 10410-10411 NN denotes %
T4286 10412-10419 NN denotes gelatin
T4287 10420-10423 CC denotes and
T4288 10424-10425 CD denotes 8
T4289 10425-10426 NN denotes %
T4290 10427-10429 NN denotes AB
T4291 10430-10435 JJ denotes human
T4292 10436-10441 NN denotes serum
T4293 10442-10444 TO denotes to
T4294 10445-10452 VB denotes prevent
T4295 10453-10460 NN denotes binding
T4296 10461-10463 TO denotes to
T4297 10464-10466 NN denotes Fc
T4298 10467-10476 NN denotes receptors
T4299 10478-10482 RB denotes Then
T4300 10482-10483 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4301 10484-10489 NN denotes 5×105
T4302 10490-10495 NN denotes cells
T4303 10496-10500 VB denotes were
T4304 10501-10510 VB denotes incubated
T4305 10511-10515 IN denotes with
T4306 10516-10523 JJ denotes primary
T4307 10524-10534 NN denotes antibodies
T4308 10535-10537 IN denotes at
T4309 10538-10541 NN denotes 4°C
T4310 10542-10545 IN denotes for
T4311 10546-10548 CD denotes 30
T4312 10549-10552 NN denotes min
T4313 10554-10557 CD denotes Two
T4314 10558-10563 JJ denotes other
T4315 10564-10570 NN denotes washes
T4316 10571-10573 IN denotes in
T4317 10574-10577 NNP denotes PBS
T4318 10578-10586 VB denotes preceded
T4319 10587-10597 NN denotes incubation
T4320 10598-10602 IN denotes with
T4321 10603-10618 JJ denotes FITC-conjugated
T4322 10619-10623 NN denotes goat
T4323 10624-10632 NN denotes antibody
T4324 10633-10643 JJ denotes anti-mouse
T4325 10644-10647 NN denotes IgG
T4326 10648-10655 VB denotes diluted
T4327 10656-10662 CD denotes 1/1000
T4328 10663-10665 IN denotes at
T4329 10666-10669 NN denotes 4°C
T4330 10670-10673 IN denotes for
T4331 10674-10676 CD denotes 30
T4332 10677-10680 NN denotes min
T4333 10681-10682 -LRB- denotes (
T4334 10682-10686 NN denotes Tebu
T4335 10686-10687 -RRB- denotes )
T4336 10689-10694 IN denotes After
T4337 10695-10698 CD denotes two
T4338 10699-10709 JJ denotes additional
T4339 10710-10716 NN denotes washes
T4340 10716-10717 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4341 10718-10726 NN denotes analysis
T4342 10727-10729 IN denotes of
T4343 10730-10737 VB denotes stained
T4344 10738-10743 NN denotes cells
T4345 10744-10747 VB denotes was
T4346 10748-10757 VB denotes performed
T4347 10758-10760 IN denotes on
T4348 10761-10763 DT denotes an
T4349 10764-10769 NN denotes EPICS
T4350 10770-10773 NN denotes XL2
T4351 10774-10775 -LRB- denotes (
T4352 10775-10790 NN denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4353 10790-10791 -RRB- denotes )
T4354 10793-10796 DT denotes The
T4355 10797-10801 NN denotes cell
T4356 10802-10812 NN denotes population
T4357 10813-10816 VB denotes was
T4358 10817-10822 VB denotes gated
T4359 10823-10832 VB denotes according
T4360 10833-10835 TO denotes to
T4361 10836-10839 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes its
T4362 10840-10847 JJ denotes forward
T4363 10848-10851 CC denotes and
T4364 10852-10862 JJ denotes wide-angle
T4365 10863-10868 NN denotes light
T4366 10869-10879 NN denotes scattering
T4367 10881-10885 NN denotes Data
T4368 10886-10890 VB denotes were
T4369 10891-10900 VB denotes expressed
T4370 10901-10903 IN denotes as
T4371 10904-10908 JJ denotes mean
T4372 10909-10917 JJ denotes relative
T4373 10918-10930 NN denotes fluorescence
T4374 10931-10940 NN denotes intensity
T4375 10941-10942 -LRB- denotes (
T4376 10942-10945 NN denotes MFI
T4377 10945-10946 -RRB- denotes )
T4378 10947-10949 IN denotes of
T4379 10950-10954 CD denotes 3000
T4380 10955-10960 NN denotes cells
T4587 10963-10966 NN denotes TNF
T4588 10967-10975 NNP denotes Activity
T4589 10976-10984 NNP denotes Bioassay
T4590 10985-10994 NN denotes Monocytes
T4591 10995-10997 CC denotes or
T4592 10998-11003 NN denotes THP-1
T4593 11004-11009 NN denotes cells
T4594 11010-11014 VB denotes were
T4595 11015-11023 VB denotes cultured
T4596 11024-11028 IN denotes with
T4597 11029-11031 CC denotes or
T4598 11032-11039 IN denotes without
T4599 11040-11049 JJ denotes different
T4600 11050-11064 NN denotes concentrations
T4601 11065-11067 IN denotes of
T4602 11068-11072 NN denotes CGNs
T4603 11073-11075 CC denotes or
T4604 11076-11079 NN denotes LPS
T4605 11080-11081 -LRB- denotes (
T4606 11081-11091 NN denotes Salmonella
T4607 11092-11099 NN denotes typhosa
T4608 11099-11100 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4609 11101-11106 NNP denotes Sigma
T4610 11106-11107 -RRB- denotes )
T4611 11108-11111 IN denotes for
T4612 11112-11114 CD denotes 24
T4613 11115-11116 NN denotes h
T4614 11117-11119 CC denotes or
T4615 11120-11123 DT denotes the
T4616 11124-11133 VB denotes indicated
T4617 11134-11138 NN denotes time
T4618 11140-11152 RB denotes Biologically
T4619 11153-11159 JJ denotes active
T4620 11160-11167 NN denotes TNF-α/β
T4621 11168-11170 IN denotes in
T4622 11171-11177 NN denotes tissue
T4623 11178-11185 NN denotes culture
T4624 11186-11197 NN denotes supernatant
T4625 11198-11201 VB denotes was
T4626 11202-11210 VB denotes measured
T4627 11211-11216 VB denotes using
T4628 11217-11220 DT denotes the
T4629 11221-11225 NN denotes WEHI
T4630 11226-11229 CD denotes 164
T4631 11230-11235 NN denotes clone
T4632 11236-11243 NN denotes 13-cell
T4633 11244-11251 NN denotes killing
T4634 11252-11257 NN denotes assay
T4635 11258-11259 -LRB- denotes [
T4636 11259-11261 CD denotes 29
T4637 11261-11262 -RRB- denotes ]
T4638 11264-11267 NN denotes TNF
T4639 11268-11282 NN denotes concentrations
T4640 11283-11286 VB denotes are
T4641 11287-11296 VB denotes expressed
T4642 11297-11299 IN denotes as
T4643 11300-11305 NN denotes pg/ml
T4750 11308-11314 NN denotes RT-PCR
T4751 11315-11323 NN denotes Analysis
T4752 11324-11329 JJ denotes Total
T4753 11330-11333 NN denotes RNA
T4754 11334-11338 IN denotes from
T4755 11339-11348 NN denotes monocytes
T4756 11349-11352 VB denotes was
T4757 11353-11361 VB denotes isolated
T4758 11362-11367 VB denotes using
T4759 11368-11374 NN denotes TRIzol
T4760 11375-11383 NN denotes Reagent™
T4761 11384-11385 -LRB- denotes (
T4762 11385-11395 NN denotes Invitrogen
T4763 11395-11396 -RRB- denotes )
T4764 11396-11400 NN denotes . cD
T4765 11400-11403 VB denotes NA
T4766 11403-11412 VB denotes was gener
T4767 11412-11414 IN denotes at
T4768 11414-11415 CD denotes e
T4769 11415-11417 NN denotes d
T4770 11417-11419 IN denotes on
T4771 11420-11425 JJ denotes 1 µg
T4772 11425-11428 NN denotes of
T4773 11428-11430 IN denotes to
T4774 11430-11431 DT denotes t
T4775 11431-11439 NN denotes al RNA i
T4776 11439-11445 NN denotes n a re
T4777 11445-11447 IN denotes ac
T4778 11447-11449 CD denotes ti
T4779 11449-11451 NN denotes on
T4780 11452-11453 -COMMA- denotes v
T4781 11453-11458 VB denotes olume
T4782 11459-11464 NN denotes of 20
T4783 11465-11472 JJ denotes µl, usi
T4784 11472-11485 NN denotes ng M-MLV reve
T4785 11485-11486 -LRB- denotes r
T4786 11486-11496 NN denotes se transcr
T4787 11496-11497 -RRB- denotes i
T4788 11517-11520 NN denotes PCR
T4789 11521-11524 VB denotes was
T4790 11525-11529 VB denotes done
T4791 11530-11532 IN denotes in
T4792 11533-11536 DT denotes the
T4793 11537-11543 JJ denotes linear
T4794 11544-11549 NN denotes range
T4795 11550-11552 IN denotes of
T4796 11553-11566 NN denotes amplification
T4797 11567-11568 -LRB- denotes (
T4798 11568-11578 VB denotes determined
T4799 11579-11582 IN denotes for
T4800 11583-11587 DT denotes each
T4801 11588-11594 NN denotes primer
T4802 11595-11604 NN denotes pair-cDNA
T4803 11605-11616 NN denotes combination
T4804 11616-11617 -RRB- denotes )
T4805 11619-11627 JJ denotes Standard
T4806 11628-11631 NN denotes PCR
T4807 11632-11641 NN denotes reactions
T4808 11642-11646 VB denotes were
T4809 11647-11656 VB denotes performed
T4810 11657-11661 IN denotes with
T4811 11662-11663 CD denotes 1
T4812 11664-11666 NN denotes µl
T4813 11667-11669 IN denotes of
T4814 11670-11673 DT denotes the
T4815 11674-11678 NN denotes cDNA
T4816 11679-11687 NN denotes solution
T4817 11687-11688 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4818 11689-11691 CD denotes 50
T4819 11692-11694 NN denotes µM
T4820 11695-11697 IN denotes of
T4821 11698-11702 DT denotes each
T4822 11703-11709 NN denotes primer
T4823 11710-11718 NN denotes solution
T4824 11718-11719 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4825 11720-11722 CD denotes 10
T4826 11723-11725 NN denotes mM
T4827 11726-11728 IN denotes of
T4828 11729-11733 DT denotes each
T4829 11734-11738 NN denotes dNTP
T4830 11738-11739 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4831 11740-11742 CD denotes 25
T4832 11743-11745 NN denotes mM
T4833 11746-11751 NN denotes MgCl2
T4834 11751-11752 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4835 11753-11756 NNP denotes 10X
T4836 11757-11765 NNP denotes Goldstar
T4837 11766-11769 NN denotes DNA
T4838 11770-11780 NN denotes polymerase
T4839 11781-11789 NN denotes reaction
T4840 11790-11796 NN denotes buffer
T4841 11796-11797 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4842 11798-11801 CC denotes and
T4843 11802-11805 CD denotes 0.5
T4844 11806-11811 NN denotes units
T4845 11812-11814 IN denotes of
T4846 11815-11823 NNP denotes Goldstar
T4847 11824-11827 NN denotes DNA
T4848 11828-11838 NN denotes polymerase
T4849 11839-11840 -LRB- denotes (
T4850 11840-11850 NNP denotes Eurogentec
T4851 11850-11851 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4852 11852-11859 NNP denotes Seraing
T4853 11859-11860 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4854 11861-11868 NNP denotes Belgium
T4855 11868-11869 -RRB- denotes )
T4856 11871-11876 JJ denotes First
T4857 11877-11880 NN denotes PCR
T4858 11881-11886 NN denotes cycle
T4859 11887-11896 VB denotes consisted
T4860 11897-11899 IN denotes of
T4861 11900-11901 CD denotes 1
T4862 11902-11905 NN denotes min
T4863 11906-11908 IN denotes at
T4864 11909-11913 NN denotes 92°C
T4865 11913-11914 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4866 11915-11916 CD denotes 1
T4867 11917-11920 NN denotes min
T4868 11921-11923 IN denotes at
T4869 11924-11928 NN denotes 58°C
T4870 11929-11932 CC denotes and
T4871 11933-11934 CD denotes 1
T4872 11935-11938 NN denotes min
T4873 11939-11941 IN denotes at
T4874 11942-11946 NN denotes 72°C
T4875 11946-11947 -COLON- denotes ;
T4876 11948-11952 RB denotes then
T4877 11953-11957 DT denotes each
T4878 11958-11961 NN denotes PCR
T4879 11962-11967 NN denotes cycle
T4880 11968-11977 VB denotes consisted
T4881 11978-11980 IN denotes of
T4882 11981-11983 CD denotes 40
T4883 11984-11987 NN denotes sec
T4884 11988-11990 IN denotes at
T4885 11991-11995 NN denotes 92°C
T4886 11995-11996 -COMMA- denotes ,
T4887 11997-11999 CD denotes 40
T4888 12000-12003 NN denotes sec
T4889 12004-12006 IN denotes at
T4890 12007-12011 NN denotes 58°C
T4891 12012-12015 CC denotes and
T4892 12016-12018 CD denotes 50
T4893 12019-12022 NN denotes sec
T4894 12023-12025 IN denotes at
T4895 12026-12031 NNP denotes 72°C.
T4896 12032-12036 NN denotes cDNA
T4897 12037-12040 IN denotes for
T4898 12041-12048 NN denotes β-actin
T4899 12049-12052 VB denotes was
T4900 12053-12062 VB denotes amplified
T4901 12063-12066 IN denotes for
T4902 12067-12069 CD denotes 28
T4903 12070-12076 NN denotes cycles
T4904 12077-12082 VB denotes using
T4905 12083-12086 DT denotes the
T4906 12087-12093 NN denotes oligos
T4907 12093-12094 -COLON- denotes :
T4908 12095-12100 NN denotes sense
T4909 12101-12126 NN denotes 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′
T4910 12127-12130 CC denotes and
T4911 12131-12140 JJ denotes antisense
T4912 12141-12166 JJ denotes 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′.
T4913 12167-12171 NN denotes cDNA
T4914 12172-12175 IN denotes for
T4915 12176-12181 NN denotes TNF-α
T4916 12182-12185 VB denotes was
T4917 12186-12195 VB denotes amplified
T4918 12196-12199 IN denotes for
T4919 12200-12202 CD denotes 35
T4920 12203-12209 NN denotes cycles
T4921 12210-12215 VB denotes using
T4922 12216-12219 DT denotes the
T4923 12220-12226 NN denotes oligos
T4924 12226-12227 -COLON- denotes :
T4925 12228-12233 NN denotes sense
T4926 12234-12260 NN denotes 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′
T4927 12261-12264 CC denotes and
T4928 12265-12274 JJ denotes antisense
T4929 12275-12302 JJ denotes 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′.
T4930 12303-12307 NN denotes cDNA
T4931 12308-12311 IN denotes for
T4932 12312-12318 NN denotes ICAM-1
T4933 12319-12322 VB denotes was
T4934 12323-12332 VB denotes amplified
T4935 12333-12336 IN denotes for
T4936 12337-12339 CD denotes 35
T4937 12340-12346 NN denotes cycles
T4938 12347-12352 VB denotes using
T4939 12353-12356 DT denotes the
T4940 12357-12363 NN denotes oligos
T4941 12364-12369 VB denotes sense
T4942 12370-12398 NN denotes 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′
T4943 12399-12402 CC denotes and
T4944 12403-12412 JJ denotes antisense
T4945 12413-12417 NN denotes 5′-A
T4946 12418-12442 NN denotes TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′
T5239 12445-12450 NN denotes NF-kB
T5240 12451-12464 NN denotes Transcription
T5241 12465-12473 NNP denotes Reporter
T5242 12474-12478 NNP denotes Gene
T5243 12479-12484 NNP denotes Assay
T5244 12485-12488 DT denotes The
T5245 12489-12496 NN denotes plasmid
T5246 12497-12506 NN denotes 3XMHC-luc
T5247 12507-12508 -LRB- denotes (
T5248 12508-12509 DT denotes a
T5249 12510-12518 JJ denotes generous
T5250 12519-12523 NN denotes gift
T5251 12524-12528 IN denotes from
T5252 12529-12533 NNP denotes Drs.
T5253 12534-12536 NNP denotes J.
T5254 12537-12545 NNP denotes Westwick
T5255 12546-12549 CC denotes and
T5256 12550-12554 NNP denotes D.A.
T5257 12555-12562 NNP denotes Brenner
T5258 12562-12563 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5259 12564-12574 NNP denotes University
T5260 12575-12577 IN denotes of
T5261 12578-12583 NNP denotes North
T5262 12584-12592 NNP denotes Carolina
T5263 12592-12593 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5264 12594-12600 NNP denotes Chapel
T5265 12601-12605 NNP denotes Hill
T5266 12605-12606 -RRB- denotes )
T5267 12607-12615 VB denotes contains
T5268 12616-12621 CD denotes three
T5269 12622-12628 NN denotes copies
T5270 12629-12631 IN denotes of
T5271 12632-12648 JJ denotes NF-κB-responsive
T5272 12649-12656 NN denotes element
T5273 12657-12661 IN denotes from
T5274 12662-12665 DT denotes the
T5275 12666-12669 NN denotes MHC
T5276 12670-12675 NN denotes class
T5277 12676-12677 CD denotes I
T5278 12678-12683 NN denotes locus
T5279 12683-12684 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5280 12685-12691 VB denotes placed
T5281 12692-12700 RB denotes upstream
T5282 12701-12703 IN denotes of
T5283 12704-12707 DT denotes the
T5284 12708-12718 NN denotes luciferase
T5285 12719-12723 NN denotes gene
T5286 12725-12730 JJ denotes Human
T5287 12731-12740 JJ denotes monocytic
T5288 12741-12746 NN denotes THP-1
T5289 12747-12752 NN denotes cells
T5290 12753-12757 VB denotes were
T5291 12758-12769 RB denotes transiently
T5292 12770-12781 VB denotes transfected
T5293 12782-12784 IN denotes as
T5294 12785-12795 RB denotes previously
T5295 12796-12805 VB denotes described
T5296 12806-12807 -LRB- denotes [
T5297 12807-12809 CD denotes 30
T5298 12809-12810 -RRB- denotes ]
T5299 12810-12811 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5300 12812-12815 CC denotes and
T5301 12816-12820 RB denotes then
T5302 12821-12829 VB denotes cultured
T5303 12830-12833 IN denotes for
T5304 12834-12835 CD denotes 4
T5305 12836-12837 NN denotes h
T5306 12838-12843 RB denotes alone
T5307 12844-12846 CC denotes or
T5308 12847-12851 IN denotes with
T5309 12852-12862 VB denotes increasing
T5310 12863-12876 NN denotes concentration
T5311 12877-12879 IN denotes of
T5312 12880-12886 CC denotes either
T5313 12887-12890 NN denotes C10
T5314 12891-12893 CC denotes or
T5315 12894-12897 NN denotes C40
T5316 12899-12909 NN denotes Luciferase
T5317 12910-12918 NN denotes activity
T5318 12919-12922 VB denotes was
T5319 12923-12933 VB denotes determined
T5320 12934-12939 VB denotes using
T5321 12940-12941 DT denotes a
T5322 12942-12953 NN denotes luminometer
T5323 12954-12955 -LRB- denotes (
T5324 12955-12964 NN denotes Monolight
T5325 12965-12969 CD denotes 2010
T5326 12970-12981 NNP denotes Luminometer
T5327 12981-12982 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5328 12983-12986 NNP denotes Ann
T5329 12987-12992 NNP denotes Arbor
T5330 12992-12993 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5331 12994-12996 NNP denotes MI
T5332 12996-12997 -RRB- denotes )
T5492 13000-13007 NNP denotes Western
T5493 13008-13012 NNP denotes Blot
T5494 13013-13021 NN denotes Analysis
T5495 13022-13027 NN denotes THP-1
T5496 13028-13033 NN denotes cells
T5497 13034-13038 VB denotes were
T5498 13039-13049 VB denotes stimulated
T5499 13050-13053 IN denotes for
T5500 13054-13061 JJ denotes various
T5501 13062-13069 NN denotes lengths
T5502 13070-13072 IN denotes of
T5503 13073-13077 NN denotes time
T5504 13078-13082 IN denotes with
T5505 13083-13086 CD denotes 0.1
T5506 13087-13092 NN denotes mg/ml
T5507 13093-13096 NN denotes C10
T5508 13097-13099 CC denotes or
T5509 13100-13103 NN denotes C40
T5510 13103-13104 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5511 13105-13107 CC denotes or
T5512 13108-13110 CD denotes 10
T5513 13111-13116 NN denotes µg/ml
T5514 13117-13120 NN denotes LPS
T5515 13122-13127 NN denotes Cells
T5516 13128-13132 VB denotes were
T5517 13133-13137 RB denotes then
T5518 13138-13146 VB denotes pelleted
T5519 13146-13147 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5520 13148-13154 VB denotes washed
T5521 13155-13158 CC denotes and
T5522 13159-13170 VB denotes homogenised
T5523 13171-13173 IN denotes in
T5524 13174-13179 NN denotes lysis
T5525 13180-13186 NN denotes buffer
T5526 13187-13188 -LRB- denotes (
T5527 13188-13190 CD denotes 10
T5528 13191-13193 NN denotes mM
T5529 13194-13199 NNP denotes Hepes
T5530 13199-13200 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5531 13201-13203 NN denotes pH
T5532 13204-13207 CD denotes 7.9
T5533 13207-13208 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5534 13209-13212 CD denotes 150
T5535 13213-13215 NN denotes mM
T5536 13216-13220 NN denotes NaCl
T5537 13220-13221 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5538 13222-13223 CD denotes 1
T5539 13224-13226 NN denotes mM
T5540 13227-13231 NN denotes EDTA
T5541 13231-13232 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5542 13233-13236 CD denotes 0.6
T5543 13236-13237 NN denotes %
T5544 13238-13243 NN denotes NP-40
T5545 13243-13244 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5546 13245-13248 CC denotes and
T5547 13249-13252 CD denotes 0.5
T5548 13253-13255 NN denotes mM
T5549 13256-13260 NN denotes PMSF
T5550 13260-13261 -RRB- denotes )
T5551 13262-13264 IN denotes on
T5552 13265-13268 NN denotes ice
T5553 13270-13281 NN denotes Homogenates
T5554 13282-13286 VB denotes were
T5555 13287-13296 VB denotes sonicated
T5556 13296-13297 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5557 13298-13309 VB denotes centrifuged
T5558 13310-13312 IN denotes at
T5559 13313-13319 CD denotes 10,000
T5560 13320-13323 NN denotes rpm
T5561 13324-13326 TO denotes to
T5562 13327-13333 VB denotes remove
T5563 13334-13342 JJ denotes cellular
T5564 13343-13349 NN denotes debris
T5565 13349-13350 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5566 13351-13354 CC denotes and
T5567 13355-13366 NN denotes supernatant
T5568 13367-13376 VB denotes collected
T5569 13378-13385 NN denotes Protein
T5570 13386-13399 NN denotes concentration
T5571 13400-13403 VB denotes was
T5572 13404-13414 VB denotes determined
T5573 13415-13420 VB denotes using
T5574 13421-13424 DT denotes the
T5575 13425-13427 NN denotes DC
T5576 13428-13435 NN denotes Protein
T5577 13436-13441 NN denotes Assay
T5578 13442-13443 -LRB- denotes (
T5579 13443-13450 NN denotes Bio-Rad
T5580 13450-13451 -RRB- denotes )
T5581 13453-13461 NN denotes Proteins
T5582 13462-13464 IN denotes in
T5583 13465-13472 NN denotes samples
T5584 13473-13474 -LRB- denotes (
T5585 13474-13476 CD denotes 15
T5586 13477-13479 -COLON- denotes µg
T5587 13480-13485 JJ denotes total
T5588 13486-13494 NN denotes proteins
T5589 13494-13495 -RRB- denotes )
T5590 13496-13500 VB denotes were
T5591 13501-13509 VB denotes resolved
T5592 13510-13512 IN denotes in
T5593 13513-13514 DT denotes a
T5594 13515-13525 VB denotes denaturing
T5595 13526-13528 CD denotes 12
T5596 13528-13529 NN denotes %
T5597 13530-13544 NN denotes polyacrylamide
T5598 13545-13548 NN denotes gel
T5599 13549-13552 CC denotes and
T5600 13553-13564 VB denotes transferred
T5601 13565-13567 TO denotes to
T5602 13568-13569 DT denotes a
T5603 13570-13584 NN denotes nitrocellulose
T5604 13585-13593 NN denotes membrane
T5605 13595-13600 JJ denotes I-κBα
T5606 13601-13608 NN denotes protein
T5607 13609-13612 VB denotes was
T5608 13613-13621 VB denotes detected
T5609 13622-13627 VB denotes using
T5610 13628-13629 DT denotes a
T5611 13630-13636 NN denotes rabbit
T5612 13637-13647 JJ denotes polyclonal
T5613 13648-13656 NN denotes antibody
T5614 13657-13658 -LRB- denotes (
T5615 13658-13663 NNP denotes Santa
T5616 13664-13668 NNP denotes Cruz
T5617 13669-13682 NNP denotes Biotechnology
T5618 13682-13683 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5619 13684-13686 NN denotes CA
T5620 13686-13687 -RRB- denotes )
T5621 13688-13696 VB denotes followed
T5622 13697-13699 IN denotes by
T5623 13700-13701 DT denotes a
T5624 13702-13713 JJ denotes horseradish
T5625 13714-13732 JJ denotes peroxidase-coupled
T5626 13733-13737 NN denotes goat
T5627 13738-13748 JJ denotes polyclonal
T5628 13749-13757 NN denotes antibody
T5629 13758-13765 IN denotes against
T5630 13766-13772 NN denotes rabbit
T5631 13773-13775 NN denotes Ig
T5632 13776-13777 -LRB- denotes (
T5633 13777-13783 NNP denotes Caltag
T5634 13784-13796 NNP denotes Laboratories
T5635 13796-13797 -RRB- denotes )
T5636 13799-13806 RB denotes Finally
T5637 13806-13807 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5638 13808-13811 NN denotes IκB
T5639 13812-13817 NN denotes bands
T5640 13818-13822 VB denotes were
T5641 13823-13831 VB denotes revealed
T5642 13832-13837 VB denotes using
T5643 13838-13841 DT denotes the
T5644 13842-13846 NN denotes ECL™
T5645 13847-13856 NN denotes detection
T5646 13857-13863 NN denotes system
T5647 13864-13865 -LRB- denotes (
T5648 13865-13873 NNP denotes Amersham
T5649 13874-13883 NNP denotes Pharmacia
T5650 13884-13891 NNP denotes Biotech
T5651 13891-13892 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5652 13893-13896 NNP denotes Les
T5653 13897-13902 NNP denotes Ullis
T5654 13902-13903 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5655 13904-13910 NNP denotes France
T5656 13910-13911 -RRB- denotes )
T5657 13912-13921 VB denotes according
T5658 13922-13924 TO denotes to
T5659 13925-13928 DT denotes the
T5660 13929-13942 NN denotes manufacturers
T5661 13942-13943 POS denotes '
T5662 13944-13955 NN denotes instruction
T5663 13957-13965 NN denotes Antibody
T5664 13966-13968 TO denotes to
T5665 13969-13978 NN denotes α-Tubulin
T5666 13979-13980 -LRB- denotes (
T5667 13980-13985 NNP denotes Santa
T5668 13986-13990 NNP denotes Cruz
T5669 13990-13991 -RRB- denotes )
T5670 13992-13995 VB denotes was
T5671 13996-13999 NN denotes use
T5672 14000-14002 IN denotes as
T5673 14003-14010 VB denotes loading
T5674 14011-14018 NN denotes control
T5675 14020-14023 IN denotes For
T5676 14024-14031 JJ denotes nuclear
T5677 14032-14037 NN denotes NF-κB
T5678 14037-14038 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5679 14039-14044 NN denotes THP-1
T5680 14045-14050 NN denotes cells
T5681 14051-14055 VB denotes were
T5682 14056-14066 VB denotes stimulated
T5683 14067-14071 IN denotes with
T5684 14072-14073 CD denotes 1
T5685 14074-14079 NN denotes mg/ml
T5686 14080-14083 NN denotes C10
T5687 14084-14086 CC denotes or
T5688 14087-14090 NN denotes C40
T5689 14091-14094 IN denotes for
T5690 14095-14097 CD denotes 30
T5691 14098-14105 NN denotes minutes
T5692 14106-14108 IN denotes at
T5693 14109-14114 NNP denotes 37°C.
T5694 14115-14120 NNP denotes Cells
T5695 14121-14125 VB denotes were
T5696 14126-14130 RB denotes then
T5697 14131-14139 VB denotes pelleted
T5698 14140-14143 CC denotes and
T5699 14144-14150 NN denotes nuclei
T5700 14151-14160 VB denotes separated
T5701 14161-14163 IN denotes as
T5702 14164-14173 VB denotes described
T5703 14174-14175 -LRB- denotes [
T5704 14175-14177 CD denotes 31
T5705 14177-14178 -RRB- denotes ]
T5706 14180-14186 NN denotes Nuclei
T5707 14187-14191 VB denotes were
T5708 14192-14198 VB denotes washed
T5709 14199-14202 CC denotes and
T5710 14203-14214 VB denotes homogenized
T5711 14215-14223 RB denotes directly
T5712 14224-14226 IN denotes in
T5713 14227-14234 VB denotes loading
T5714 14235-14236 -LRB- denotes (
T5715 14236-14242 NNP denotes Laemli
T5716 14242-14243 -RRB- denotes )
T5717 14244-14250 NN denotes buffer
T5718 14251-14254 CC denotes and
T5719 14255-14261 VB denotes heated
T5720 14262-14265 IN denotes for
T5721 14266-14267 CD denotes 5
T5722 14268-14275 NN denotes minutes
T5723 14276-14278 IN denotes at
T5724 14279-14285 NNP denotes 100°C.
T5725 14286-14294 NNP denotes Proteins
T5726 14295-14297 IN denotes in
T5727 14298-14305 NN denotes samples
T5728 14306-14310 VB denotes were
T5729 14311-14319 VB denotes resolved
T5730 14320-14322 IN denotes in
T5731 14323-14324 DT denotes a
T5732 14325-14335 VB denotes denaturing
T5733 14336-14337 CD denotes 8
T5734 14337-14338 NN denotes %
T5735 14339-14353 NN denotes polyacrylamide
T5736 14354-14357 NN denotes gel
T5737 14358-14361 CC denotes and
T5738 14362-14373 VB denotes transferred
T5739 14374-14376 TO denotes to
T5740 14377-14378 DT denotes a
T5741 14379-14393 NN denotes polyvinylidine
T5742 14394-14402 NN denotes fluoride
T5743 14403-14404 -LRB- denotes (
T5744 14404-14408 NN denotes PVDF
T5745 14408-14409 -RRB- denotes )
T5746 14410-14418 NN denotes membrane
T5747 14419-14420 -LRB- denotes (
T5748 14420-14431 NN denotes Immobilon-P
T5749 14431-14432 -COLON- denotes ;
T5750 14433-14442 NNP denotes Millipore
T5751 14442-14443 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5752 14444-14451 NNP denotes Bedford
T5753 14451-14452 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5754 14453-14455 JJ denotes MA
T5755 14455-14456 -RRB- denotes )
T5756 14458-14467 NN denotes Membranes
T5757 14468-14472 VB denotes were
T5758 14473-14482 VB denotes incubated
T5759 14483-14485 IN denotes in
T5760 14486-14494 VB denotes blocking
T5761 14495-14501 NN denotes buffer
T5762 14502-14503 -LRB- denotes (
T5763 14503-14504 CD denotes 1
T5764 14504-14505 NN denotes %
T5765 14506-14509 NN denotes BSA
T5766 14509-14510 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5767 14511-14513 IN denotes in
T5768 14514-14517 NNP denotes PBS
T5769 14517-14518 -RRB- denotes )
T5770 14519-14522 IN denotes for
T5771 14523-14526 CD denotes two
T5772 14527-14532 NN denotes hours
T5773 14533-14535 IN denotes at
T5774 14536-14540 NN denotes room
T5775 14541-14552 NN denotes temperature
T5776 14554-14563 NN denotes Membranes
T5777 14564-14568 VB denotes were
T5778 14569-14581 RB denotes subsequently
T5779 14582-14588 VB denotes probed
T5780 14589-14593 IN denotes with
T5781 14594-14597 DT denotes the
T5782 14598-14611 JJ denotes corresponding
T5783 14612-14620 NN denotes antibody
T5784 14621-14623 IN denotes in
T5785 14624-14632 VB denotes blocking
T5786 14633-14639 NN denotes buffer
T5787 14639-14640 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5788 14641-14650 RB denotes overnight
T5789 14652-14658 NN denotes Rabbit
T5790 14659-14669 JJ denotes polyclonal
T5791 14670-14678 NN denotes antibody
T5792 14679-14689 JJ denotes anti-NF-κB
T5793 14690-14693 NN denotes p50
T5794 14694-14701 NN denotes subunit
T5795 14702-14703 -LRB- denotes (
T5796 14703-14704 -SHARP- denotes #
T5797 14705-14711 NN denotes sc-114
T5798 14711-14712 -RRB- denotes )
T5799 14713-14715 CC denotes or
T5800 14716-14726 JJ denotes anti-NF-κB
T5801 14727-14730 NN denotes p65
T5802 14731-14738 NN denotes subunit
T5803 14739-14740 -LRB- denotes (
T5804 14740-14741 -SHARP- denotes #
T5805 14742-14748 NN denotes sc-109
T5806 14748-14749 -RRB- denotes )
T5807 14750-14754 IN denotes from
T5808 14755-14760 NNP denotes Santa
T5809 14761-14765 NNP denotes Cruz
T5810 14766-14779 NNP denotes Biotechnology
T5811 14780-14784 VB denotes were
T5812 14785-14789 VB denotes used
T5813 14791-14800 NN denotes Membranes
T5814 14801-14805 VB denotes were
T5815 14806-14812 VB denotes washed
T5816 14813-14816 CD denotes six
T5817 14817-14822 NN denotes times
T5818 14823-14825 IN denotes in
T5819 14826-14829 NNP denotes PBS
T5820 14830-14834 IN denotes with
T5821 14835-14839 CD denotes 0.05
T5822 14839-14840 NN denotes %
T5823 14841-14846 CD denotes Tween
T5824 14847-14849 CD denotes 20
T5825 14849-14850 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5826 14851-14852 CD denotes 5
T5827 14853-14860 NN denotes minutes
T5828 14861-14865 DT denotes each
T5829 14866-14870 NN denotes time
T5830 14870-14871 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5831 14872-14875 CC denotes and
T5832 14876-14885 VB denotes incubated
T5833 14886-14890 IN denotes with
T5834 14891-14892 DT denotes a
T5835 14893-14899 CD denotes 1/3000
T5836 14900-14908 NN denotes dilution
T5837 14909-14911 IN denotes of
T5838 14912-14926 JJ denotes HRP-conjugated
T5839 14927-14928 NN denotes F
T5840 14928-14929 -LRB- denotes (
T5841 14929-14931 NN denotes ab
T5842 14931-14932 -DQE- denotes '
T5843 14932-14933 -RRB- denotes )
T5844 14933-14934 CD denotes 2
T5845 14935-14939 NN denotes goat
T5846 14940-14951 JJ denotes anti-rabbit
T5847 14952-14955 NN denotes IgG
T5848 14956-14958 IN denotes in
T5849 14959-14960 CD denotes 5
T5850 14960-14961 NN denotes %
T5851 14962-14968 JJ denotes nonfat
T5852 14969-14972 JJ denotes dry
T5853 14973-14977 NN denotes milk
T5854 14978-14981 CC denotes and
T5855 14982-14986 CD denotes 0.05
T5856 14986-14987 NN denotes %
T5857 14988-14993 CD denotes Tween
T5858 14994-14996 CD denotes 20
T5859 14997-14999 IN denotes in
T5860 15000-15003 NNP denotes PBS
T5861 15004-15007 IN denotes for
T5862 15008-15009 CD denotes 1
T5863 15010-15014 NN denotes hour
T5864 15015-15017 IN denotes at
T5865 15018-15022 NN denotes room
T5866 15023-15034 NN denotes temperature
T5867 15036-15041 IN denotes After
T5868 15042-15049 VB denotes washing
T5869 15050-15053 CD denotes six
T5870 15054-15058 JJ denotes more
T5871 15059-15064 NN denotes times
T5872 15065-15067 IN denotes in
T5873 15068-15071 NNP denotes PBS
T5874 15072-15076 IN denotes with
T5875 15077-15081 CD denotes 0.05
T5876 15081-15082 NN denotes %
T5877 15083-15088 CD denotes Tween
T5878 15089-15091 CD denotes 20
T5879 15091-15092 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5880 15093-15110 JJ denotes antibody-reactive
T5881 15111-15119 NN denotes proteins
T5882 15120-15124 VB denotes were
T5883 15125-15133 VB denotes detected
T5884 15134-15139 VB denotes using
T5885 15140-15141 DT denotes a
T5886 15142-15159 NN denotes chemiluminescence
T5887 15160-15169 NN denotes substrate
T5888 15170-15171 -LRB- denotes (
T5889 15171-15182 NNP denotes SuperSignal
T5890 15182-15183 -COLON- denotes ;
T5891 15184-15190 NNP denotes Pierce
T5892 15190-15191 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5893 15192-15200 NNP denotes Rockford
T5894 15200-15201 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5895 15202-15204 NN denotes IL
T5896 15204-15205 -RRB- denotes )
T5897 15206-15215 VB denotes according
T5898 15216-15218 TO denotes to
T5899 15219-15222 DT denotes the
T5900 15223-15235 NN denotes manufacturer
T5901 15235-15237 POS denotes 's
T5902 15238-15250 NN denotes instructions
T5903 15252-15254 TO denotes To
T5904 15255-15262 VB denotes confirm
T5905 15263-15267 IN denotes that
T5906 15268-15278 JJ denotes equivalent
T5907 15279-15286 NN denotes amounts
T5908 15287-15289 IN denotes of
T5909 15290-15297 NN denotes protein
T5910 15298-15302 VB denotes were
T5911 15303-15309 VB denotes loaded
T5912 15310-15312 IN denotes in
T5913 15313-15317 DT denotes each
T5914 15318-15322 NN denotes line
T5915 15322-15323 -COMMA- denotes ,
T5916 15324-15333 NN denotes membranes
T5917 15334-15338 VB denotes were
T5918 15339-15343 RB denotes also
T5919 15344-15351 JJ denotes Western
T5920 15352-15359 VB denotes blotted
T5921 15360-15363 IN denotes for
T5922 15364-15367 NN denotes ERK
T5923 15368-15370 IN denotes as
T5924 15371-15380 VB denotes described
T5925 15381-15382 -LRB- denotes [
T5926 15382-15384 CD denotes 32
T5927 15384-15385 -RRB- denotes ]
T6465 15388-15396 NN denotes Analysis
T6466 15397-15399 IN denotes of
T6467 15400-15405 NN denotes NF-κB
T6468 15406-15416 NN denotes Activation
T6469 15417-15419 IN denotes by
T6470 15420-15424 NN denotes Flow
T6471 15425-15434 NN denotes Cytometry
T6472 15435-15442 JJ denotes Nuclear
T6473 15443-15453 NN denotes activation
T6474 15454-15456 IN denotes of
T6475 15457-15462 NN denotes NF−κΒ
T6476 15463-15465 IN denotes by
T6477 15466-15470 NN denotes flow
T6478 15471-15480 NN denotes cytometry
T6479 15481-15484 VB denotes was
T6480 15485-15494 VB denotes performed
T6481 15495-15497 IN denotes as
T6482 15498-15507 VB denotes described
T6483 15508-15509 -LRB- denotes [
T6484 15509-15511 CD denotes 31
T6485 15511-15512 -RRB- denotes ]
T6520 15515-15526 JJ denotes Statistical
T6521 15527-15535 NN denotes Analysis
T6522 15536-15539 DT denotes The
T6523 15540-15547 NN denotes results
T6524 15548-15552 VB denotes were
T6525 15553-15562 VB denotes expressed
T6526 15563-15565 IN denotes as
T6527 15566-15569 DT denotes the
T6528 15570-15574 JJ denotes mean
T6529 15575-15580 NN denotes value
T6530 15581-15582 VB denotes ±
T6531 15583-15589 NNP denotes S.E.M.
T6532 15590-15592 IN denotes of
T6533 15593-15603 JJ denotes individual
T6534 15604-15615 NN denotes experiments
T6535 15617-15620 DT denotes The
T6536 15621-15632 JJ denotes statistical
T6537 15633-15645 NN denotes significance
T6538 15646-15648 IN denotes of
T6539 15649-15652 DT denotes the
T6540 15653-15664 NN denotes differences
T6541 15665-15672 IN denotes between
T6542 15673-15677 JJ denotes mean
T6543 15678-15684 NN denotes values
T6544 15685-15688 VB denotes was
T6545 15689-15697 VB denotes assessed
T6546 15698-15700 IN denotes by
T6547 15701-15704 DT denotes the
T6548 15705-15712 NN denotes Student
T6549 15712-15714 POS denotes 's
T6550 15715-15721 NN denotes t-test
T6551 15722-15725 CC denotes and
T6552 15726-15734 NN denotes analysis
T6553 15735-15737 IN denotes of
T6554 15738-15746 NN denotes variance
T6555 15747-15748 -LRB- denotes (
T6556 15748-15753 NN denotes ANOVA
T6557 15753-15754 -RRB- denotes )
T6623 15766-15774 VB denotes Degraded
T6624 15775-15778 NNP denotes CGN
T6625 15779-15785 NNP denotes Induce
T6626 15786-15793 NNP denotes Colonic
T6627 15794-15806 NNP denotes Inflammation
T6628 15807-15810 DT denotes All
T6629 15811-15815 NN denotes rats
T6630 15816-15825 VB denotes developed
T6631 15826-15834 NN denotes diarrhea
T6632 15835-15841 IN denotes during
T6633 15842-15850 VB denotes degraded
T6634 15851-15862 NN denotes carrageenan
T6635 15863-15877 NN denotes administration
T6636 15878-15881 CC denotes and
T6637 15882-15887 JJ denotes gross
T6638 15888-15896 NN denotes evidence
T6639 15897-15899 IN denotes of
T6640 15900-15905 NN denotes blood
T6641 15906-15909 VB denotes was
T6642 15910-15920 RB denotes frequently
T6643 15921-15929 VB denotes detected
T6644 15930-15932 IN denotes in
T6645 15933-15936 DT denotes the
T6646 15937-15943 NN denotes stools
T6647 15945-15950 NN denotes Colon
T6648 15951-15957 NN denotes length
T6649 15958-15970 RB denotes dramatically
T6650 15971-15980 VB denotes decreased
T6651 15981-15983 IN denotes in
T6652 15984-15987 DT denotes all
T6653 15988-15995 VB denotes treated
T6654 15996-16000 NN denotes rats
T6655 16001-16005 IN denotes with
T6656 16006-16007 DT denotes a
T6657 16008-16012 RB denotes more
T6658 16013-16023 JJ denotes pronounced
T6659 16024-16030 NN denotes effect
T6660 16031-16036 VB denotes being
T6661 16037-16045 VB denotes observed
T6662 16046-16048 IN denotes in
T6663 16049-16052 DT denotes the
T6664 16053-16055 CD denotes 40
T6665 16056-16059 NN denotes kDa
T6666 16060-16064 NN denotes dCGN
T6667 16065-16072 VB denotes treated
T6668 16073-16078 NN denotes group
T6669 16079-16080 -LRB- denotes (
T6670 16080-16084 NN denotes Fig.
T6671 16085-16087 NN denotes 1A
T6672 16087-16088 -RRB- denotes )
T6673 16090-16101 RB denotes Furthermore
T6674 16101-16102 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6675 16103-16112 VB denotes prolonged
T6676 16113-16121 NN denotes exposure
T6677 16122-16124 TO denotes to
T6678 16125-16127 CD denotes 40
T6679 16128-16131 NN denotes kDa
T6680 16132-16136 NN denotes dCGN
T6681 16137-16145 VB denotes resulted
T6682 16146-16148 IN denotes in
T6683 16149-16153 JJ denotes high
T6684 16154-16165 JJ denotes macroscopic
T6685 16166-16169 CC denotes and
T6686 16170-16182 JJ denotes histological
T6687 16183-16189 NN denotes scores
T6688 16190-16192 IN denotes of
T6689 16193-16205 NN denotes inflammation
T6690 16206-16207 -LRB- denotes (
T6691 16207-16211 NNP denotes Fig.
T6692 16212-16214 NN denotes 1B
T6693 16214-16215 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6694 16216-16217 NN denotes C
T6695 16217-16218 -RRB- denotes )
T6696 16220-16224 RB denotes Only
T6697 16225-16229 JJ denotes weak
T6698 16230-16245 NN denotes myeloperoxidase
T6699 16246-16254 NN denotes activity
T6700 16255-16258 VB denotes was
T6701 16259-16267 VB denotes detected
T6702 16268-16270 IN denotes in
T6703 16271-16275 CC denotes both
T6704 16276-16283 NN denotes control
T6705 16284-16287 CC denotes and
T6706 16288-16300 JJ denotes dCGN-treated
T6707 16301-16307 NN denotes groups
T6708 16308-16309 -LRB- denotes (
T6709 16309-16313 NNP denotes Fig.
T6710 16314-16316 NN denotes 1D
T6711 16316-16317 -RRB- denotes )
T6712 16317-16318 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6713 16319-16329 VB denotes indicating
T6714 16330-16334 IN denotes that
T6715 16335-16347 NN denotes granulocytes
T6716 16348-16351 VB denotes did
T6717 16352-16355 RB denotes not
T6718 16356-16360 VB denotes play
T6719 16361-16362 DT denotes a
T6720 16363-16368 JJ denotes major
T6721 16369-16373 NN denotes role
T6722 16374-16376 IN denotes in
T6723 16377-16380 DT denotes the
T6724 16381-16393 NN denotes inflammation
T6725 16394-16396 IN denotes at
T6726 16397-16401 DT denotes that
T6727 16402-16407 NN denotes stage
T6728 16409-16421 JJ denotes Histological
T6729 16422-16433 NN denotes examination
T6730 16434-16442 VB denotes revealed
T6731 16443-16450 JJ denotes various
T6732 16451-16458 NN denotes degrees
T6733 16459-16461 IN denotes of
T6734 16462-16469 JJ denotes mucosal
T6735 16470-16482 NN denotes inflammation
T6736 16484-16488 NN denotes Rats
T6737 16489-16496 VB denotes treated
T6738 16497-16501 IN denotes with
T6739 16502-16504 CD denotes 10
T6740 16505-16508 NN denotes kDa
T6741 16509-16513 NN denotes dCGN
T6742 16514-16520 VB denotes showed
T6743 16521-16526 NN denotes edema
T6744 16526-16527 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6745 16528-16538 NN denotes epithelium
T6746 16539-16546 NN denotes atrophy
T6747 16547-16550 CC denotes and
T6748 16551-16557 JJ denotes slight
T6749 16558-16568 NN denotes lymphocyte
T6750 16569-16581 NN denotes infiltration
T6751 16582-16583 -LRB- denotes (
T6752 16583-16587 NN denotes data
T6753 16588-16591 RB denotes not
T6754 16592-16597 VB denotes shown
T6755 16597-16598 -RRB- denotes )
T6756 16600-16605 DT denotes These
T6757 16606-16614 NN denotes symptoms
T6758 16615-16619 VB denotes were
T6759 16620-16627 RB denotes totally
T6760 16628-16634 JJ denotes absent
T6761 16635-16637 IN denotes in
T6762 16638-16641 DT denotes the
T6763 16642-16647 NN denotes colon
T6764 16648-16650 IN denotes of
T6765 16651-16658 NN denotes control
T6766 16659-16663 NN denotes rats
T6767 16664-16665 -LRB- denotes (
T6768 16665-16669 NNP denotes Fig.
T6769 16670-16672 NN denotes 1E
T6770 16672-16673 -RRB- denotes )
T6771 16675-16679 RB denotes More
T6772 16680-16686 JJ denotes severe
T6773 16687-16694 JJ denotes mucosal
T6774 16695-16703 NN denotes injuries
T6775 16704-16713 VB denotes including
T6776 16714-16724 NN denotes ulceration
T6777 16724-16725 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6778 16726-16738 JJ denotes hyperplastic
T6779 16739-16749 NN denotes epithelium
T6780 16749-16750 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6781 16751-16756 NN denotes crypt
T6782 16757-16767 NN denotes distortion
T6783 16768-16771 CC denotes and
T6784 16772-16773 DT denotes a
T6785 16774-16780 JJ denotes strong
T6786 16781-16791 NN denotes macrophage
T6787 16792-16804 NN denotes infiltration
T6788 16804-16805 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6789 16806-16810 VB denotes were
T6790 16811-16819 VB denotes observed
T6791 16820-16822 IN denotes in
T6792 16823-16826 DT denotes the
T6793 16827-16829 CD denotes 40
T6794 16830-16833 NN denotes kDa
T6795 16834-16846 JJ denotes dCGN-treated
T6796 16847-16851 NN denotes rats
T6797 16852-16853 -LRB- denotes (
T6798 16853-16857 NNP denotes Fig.
T6799 16858-16860 NN denotes 1F
T6800 16860-16861 -RRB- denotes )
T6801 16863-16865 DT denotes No
T6802 16866-16875 VB denotes sulphated
T6803 16876-16891 NN denotes polysaccharides
T6804 16892-16896 VB denotes were
T6805 16897-16905 VB denotes detected
T6806 16906-16908 IN denotes by
T6807 16909-16918 NN denotes toluidine
T6808 16919-16923 JJ denotes blue
T6809 16924-16932 NN denotes staining
T6810 16933-16935 IN denotes of
T6811 16936-16941 NN denotes colon
T6812 16942-16948 NN denotes mucosa
T6813 16949-16953 IN denotes from
T6814 16954-16958 NN denotes rats
T6815 16959-16966 VB denotes treated
T6816 16967-16971 IN denotes with
T6817 16972-16978 CC denotes either
T6818 16979-16982 DT denotes the
T6819 16983-16985 CD denotes 10
T6820 16986-16988 CC denotes or
T6821 16989-16991 CD denotes 40
T6822 16992-16995 NN denotes kDa
T6823 16996-17000 NN denotes dCGN
T6824 17001-17002 -LRB- denotes (
T6825 17002-17005 RB denotes not
T6826 17006-17011 VB denotes shown
T6827 17011-17012 -RRB- denotes )
T6828 17014-17022 IN denotes Although
T6829 17023-17025 PRP denotes we
T6830 17026-17029 MD denotes can
T6831 17029-17032 RB denotes not
T6832 17033-17040 VB denotes exclude
T6833 17041-17045 IN denotes that
T6834 17046-17050 NN denotes dCGN
T6835 17051-17054 NN denotes mat
T6836 17055-17058 RB denotes not
T6837 17059-17063 VB denotes have
T6838 17064-17072 VB denotes retained
T6839 17073-17075 IN denotes in
T6840 17076-17079 DT denotes the
T6841 17080-17087 NN denotes section
T6842 17088-17094 IN denotes during
T6843 17095-17098 DT denotes the
T6844 17099-17108 NN denotes histology
T6845 17109-17118 NN denotes procedure
T6846 17118-17119 -COMMA- denotes ,
T6847 17120-17124 DT denotes this
T6848 17125-17134 VB denotes indicates
T6849 17135-17139 IN denotes that
T6850 17140-17145 DT denotes these
T6851 17146-17154 NN denotes polymers
T6852 17155-17158 MD denotes may
T6853 17159-17162 RB denotes not
T6854 17163-17167 VB denotes have
T6855 17168-17172 VB denotes been
T6856 17173-17185 VB denotes phagocytosed
T7286 865-873 VB denotes Degraded
T7287 874-877 NN denotes CGN
T7288 878-17737 NNP denotes inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α
T7289 17738-17748 NN denotes Production
T7290 17749-17751 IN denotes by
T7291 17752-17761 NN denotes Monocytes
T7292 17762-17764 IN denotes In
T7293 17765-17770 NNP denotes Vitro
T7294 17772-17774 IN denotes In
T7295 17775-17780 NN denotes order
T7296 17781-17783 TO denotes to
T7297 17784-17789 VB denotes study
T7298 17790-17793 DT denotes the
T7299 17794-17802 NN denotes capacity
T7300 17803-17805 IN denotes of
T7301 17806-17810 NN denotes dCGN
T7302 17811-17813 TO denotes to
T7303 17814-17823 VB denotes stimulate
T7304 17824-17829 NN denotes TNF-α
T7305 17830-17840 NN denotes production
T7306 17840-17841 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7307 17842-17852 JJ denotes peripheral
T7308 17853-17858 NN denotes blood
T7309 17859-17868 NN denotes monocytes
T7310 17869-17873 VB denotes were
T7311 17874-17884 VB denotes cultivated
T7312 17885-17887 IN denotes in
T7313 17888-17891 DT denotes the
T7314 17892-17900 NN denotes presence
T7315 17901-17903 IN denotes of
T7316 17904-17908 NN denotes dCGN
T7317 17909-17910 -LRB- denotes (
T7318 17910-17913 CD denotes 0.1
T7319 17914-17916 TO denotes to
T7320 17917-17918 CD denotes 1
T7321 17919-17924 NN denotes mg/ml
T7322 17924-17925 -RRB- denotes )
T7323 17927-17931 RB denotes Very
T7324 17932-17935 JJ denotes low
T7325 17936-17942 NN denotes levels
T7326 17943-17945 IN denotes of
T7327 17946-17951 NN denotes TNF-α
T7328 17952-17956 VB denotes were
T7329 17957-17964 VB denotes induced
T7330 17965-17967 IN denotes in
T7331 17968-17971 NN denotes PBM
T7332 17972-17977 IN denotes after
T7333 17978-17989 NN denotes stimulation
T7334 17990-17994 IN denotes with
T7335 17995-18001 JJ denotes native
T7336 18002-18005 NN denotes CGN
T7337 18006-18007 -LRB- denotes (
T7338 18007-18011 NN denotes Fig.
T7339 18012-18014 NN denotes 2A
T7340 18014-18015 -RRB- denotes )
T7341 18017-18025 NN denotes Addition
T7342 18026-18028 IN denotes of
T7343 18029-18032 CD denotes 0.1
T7344 18033-18038 NN denotes mg/ml
T7345 18039-18041 CD denotes 10
T7346 18042-18045 NN denotes kDa
T7347 18046-18050 NN denotes dCGN
T7348 18051-18059 VB denotes resulted
T7349 18060-18062 IN denotes in
T7350 18063-18076 RB denotes approximately
T7351 18077-18078 DT denotes a
T7352 18079-18086 JJ denotes 60-fold
T7353 18087-18095 NN denotes increase
T7354 18096-18098 IN denotes in
T7355 18099-18104 NN denotes TNF-α
T7356 18105-18115 NN denotes production
T7357 18116-18118 IN denotes by
T7358 18119-18122 NN denotes PBM
T7359 18124-18128 DT denotes This
T7360 18129-18132 VB denotes was
T7361 18133-18134 DT denotes a
T7362 18135-18149 JJ denotes dose-dependent
T7363 18150-18156 NN denotes effect
T7364 18157-18161 WDT denotes that
T7365 18162-18169 VB denotes reached
T7366 18170-18171 DT denotes a
T7367 18172-18180 JJ denotes 180-fold
T7368 18181-18189 NN denotes increase
T7369 18190-18194 WRB denotes when
T7370 18195-18200 NN denotes cells
T7371 18201-18205 VB denotes were
T7372 18206-18213 VB denotes exposed
T7373 18214-18216 TO denotes to
T7374 18217-18218 CD denotes 1
T7375 18219-18224 NN denotes mg/ml
T7376 18225-18227 IN denotes of
T7377 18228-18230 CD denotes 10
T7378 18231-18234 NN denotes kDa
T7379 18235-18239 NN denotes dCGN
T7380 18240-18241 -LRB- denotes (
T7381 18241-18245 NN denotes Fig.
T7382 18246-18248 NN denotes 2A
T7383 18248-18249 -RRB- denotes )
T7384 18251-18252 DT denotes A
T7385 18253-18261 JJ denotes 250-fold
T7386 18262-18270 NN denotes increase
T7387 18271-18273 IN denotes in
T7388 18274-18279 NN denotes TNF-α
T7389 18280-18290 NN denotes production
T7390 18291-18294 VB denotes was
T7391 18295-18303 VB denotes detected
T7392 18304-18306 IN denotes at
T7393 18307-18308 CD denotes 1
T7394 18309-18314 NN denotes mg/ml
T7395 18315-18317 CD denotes 40
T7396 18318-18321 NN denotes kDa
T7397 18322-18326 NN denotes dCGN
T7398 18327-18328 -LRB- denotes (
T7399 18328-18332 NN denotes Fig.
T7400 18333-18335 NN denotes 2A
T7401 18335-18336 -RRB- denotes )
T7402 18338-18343 NN denotes TNF-α
T7403 18344-18354 NN denotes production
T7404 18355-18364 VB denotes increased
T7405 18365-18367 IN denotes in
T7406 18368-18372 NN denotes time
T7407 18373-18381 VB denotes reaching
T7408 18382-18383 DT denotes a
T7409 18384-18391 NN denotes maximum
T7410 18392-18397 NN denotes level
T7411 18398-18400 IN denotes at
T7412 18401-18402 CD denotes 8
T7413 18403-18408 NN denotes hours
T7414 18409-18411 IN denotes of
T7415 18412-18419 NN denotes culture
T7416 18420-18421 -LRB- denotes (
T7417 18421-18427 NN denotes Figure
T7418 18428-18430 NN denotes 2B
T7419 18430-18431 -RRB- denotes )
T7420 18433-18438 IN denotes After
T7421 18439-18441 CD denotes 24
T7422 18442-18443 NN denotes h
T7423 18443-18444 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7424 18445-18448 DT denotes the
T7425 18449-18455 NN denotes amount
T7426 18456-18458 IN denotes of
T7427 18459-18467 VB denotes secreted
T7428 18468-18473 NN denotes TNF-α
T7429 18474-18477 VB denotes was
T7430 18478-18483 RB denotes still
T7431 18484-18487 CD denotes one
T7432 18488-18493 NN denotes third
T7433 18494-18496 IN denotes of
T7434 18497-18500 DT denotes the
T7435 18501-18506 JJ denotes total
T7436 18507-18512 NN denotes TNF-α
T7437 18514-18532 NN denotes Lipopolysaccharide
T7438 18533-18534 -LRB- denotes (
T7439 18534-18537 NN denotes LPS
T7440 18537-18538 -RRB- denotes )
T7441 18538-18539 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7442 18540-18541 DT denotes a
T7443 18542-18547 JJ denotes known
T7444 18548-18557 NN denotes activator
T7445 18558-18560 IN denotes of
T7446 18561-18567 JJ denotes immune
T7447 18568-18573 NN denotes cells
T7448 18574-18578 RB denotes also
T7449 18579-18586 VB denotes induced
T7450 18587-18592 NN denotes TNF-α
T7451 18593-18603 NN denotes production
T7452 18604-18608 IN denotes with
T7453 18609-18616 JJ denotes similar
T7454 18617-18625 NN denotes kinetics
T7455 18626-18628 IN denotes as
T7456 18629-18633 NN denotes dCGN
T7457 18634-18635 -LRB- denotes (
T7458 18635-18639 NN denotes Fig.
T7459 18640-18642 NN denotes 2B
T7460 18642-18643 -RRB- denotes )
T7461 18645-18652 RB denotes However
T7462 18652-18653 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7463 18654-18657 DT denotes the
T7464 18658-18664 NN denotes amount
T7465 18665-18667 IN denotes of
T7466 18668-18673 NN denotes TNF-α
T7467 18674-18682 VB denotes produced
T7468 18683-18685 IN denotes by
T7469 18686-18689 NN denotes LPS
T7470 18690-18693 VB denotes was
T7471 18694-18700 RB denotes 4-fold
T7472 18701-18705 JJ denotes less
T7473 18706-18710 IN denotes than
T7474 18711-18714 DT denotes the
T7475 18715-18718 NN denotes one
T7476 18719-18727 VB denotes produced
T7477 18728-18730 IN denotes by
T7478 18731-18735 NN denotes dCGN
T7479 18736-18739 CC denotes and
T7480 18740-18742 PRP denotes it
T7481 18743-18746 VB denotes was
T7482 18747-18750 RB denotes not
T7483 18751-18759 VB denotes detected
T7484 18760-18765 IN denotes after
T7485 18766-18767 CD denotes 8
T7486 18768-18773 NN denotes hours
T7487 18774-18776 IN denotes of
T7488 18777-18784 NN denotes culture
T7489 18785-18786 -LRB- denotes (
T7490 18786-18790 NN denotes Fig.
T7491 18791-18793 NN denotes 2B
T7492 18793-18794 -RRB- denotes )
T7493 18796-18805 RB denotes Similarly
T7494 18805-18806 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7495 18807-18816 JJ denotes monocytic
T7496 18817-18822 NN denotes THP-1
T7497 18823-18828 NN denotes cells
T7498 18829-18839 VB denotes cultivated
T7499 18840-18842 IN denotes in
T7500 18843-18846 DT denotes the
T7501 18847-18855 NN denotes presence
T7502 18856-18858 IN denotes of
T7503 18859-18867 JJ denotes variable
T7504 18868-18881 NN denotes concentration
T7505 18882-18884 IN denotes of
T7506 18885-18889 NN denotes dCGN
T7507 18890-18896 VB denotes showed
T7508 18897-18899 DT denotes an
T7509 18900-18908 NN denotes increase
T7510 18909-18911 IN denotes in
T7511 18912-18917 NN denotes TNF-α
T7512 18918-18928 NN denotes production
T7513 18929-18930 -LRB- denotes (
T7514 18930-18934 NN denotes Fig.
T7515 18935-18937 NN denotes 2C
T7516 18937-18938 -RRB- denotes )
T7517 18940-18944 DT denotes This
T7518 18945-18953 NN denotes increase
T7519 18954-18956 IN denotes in
T7520 18957-18962 NN denotes TNF-α
T7521 18963-18973 NN denotes production
T7522 18974-18977 VB denotes was
T7523 18978-18991 RB denotes significantly
T7524 18992-18999 JJ denotes smaller
T7525 19000-19001 -LRB- denotes (
T7526 19001-19006 RB denotes about
T7527 19007-19014 RB denotes 10-fold
T7528 19014-19015 -RRB- denotes )
T7529 19016-19020 IN denotes than
T7530 19021-19024 DT denotes the
T7531 19025-19028 CD denotes one
T7532 19029-19038 VB denotes presented
T7533 19039-19041 IN denotes by
T7534 19042-19045 NN denotes PBM
T7535 19046-19047 -LRB- denotes (
T7536 19047-19051 NNP denotes Fig.
T7537 19052-19054 NN denotes 2A
T7538 19054-19055 -RRB- denotes )
T7539 19057-19059 DT denotes No
T7540 19060-19065 NN denotes TNF-α
T7541 19066-19069 VB denotes was
T7542 19070-19078 VB denotes released
T7543 19079-19083 IN denotes from
T7544 19084-19089 NN denotes THP-1
T7545 19090-19095 NN denotes cells
T7546 19096-19103 VB denotes exposed
T7547 19104-19106 TO denotes to
T7548 19107-19113 JJ denotes native
T7549 19114-19117 NN denotes CGN
T7550 19118-19119 -LRB- denotes (
T7551 19119-19122 RB denotes not
T7552 19123-19128 VB denotes shown
T7553 19128-19129 -RRB- denotes )
T7554 19131-19136 NN denotes TNF-α
T7555 19137-19147 NN denotes production
T7556 19148-19150 IN denotes by
T7557 19151-19156 NN denotes THP-1
T7558 19157-19162 NN denotes cells
T7559 19163-19166 VB denotes was
T7560 19167-19170 RB denotes not
T7561 19171-19175 NN denotes dose
T7562 19176-19185 JJ denotes dependent
T7563 19186-19188 TO denotes to
T7564 19189-19192 DT denotes the
T7565 19193-19199 NN denotes amount
T7566 19200-19202 IN denotes of
T7567 19203-19207 NN denotes dCGN
T7568 19208-19212 VB denotes used
T7569 19214-19218 RB denotes Also
T7570 19219-19224 EX denotes there
T7571 19225-19228 VB denotes was
T7572 19229-19231 DT denotes no
T7573 19232-19242 NN denotes difference
T7574 19243-19250 IN denotes between
T7575 19251-19254 DT denotes the
T7576 19255-19258 CD denotes two
T7577 19259-19264 NN denotes forms
T7578 19265-19266 -LRB- denotes (
T7579 19266-19268 CD denotes 10
T7580 19269-19272 CC denotes and
T7581 19273-19275 CD denotes 40
T7582 19276-19279 NN denotes kDa
T7583 19279-19280 -RRB- denotes )
T7584 19281-19283 IN denotes of
T7585 19284-19288 NN denotes dCGN
T7586 19289-19290 -LRB- denotes (
T7587 19290-19294 NN denotes Fig.
T7588 19295-19297 NN denotes 2C
T7589 19297-19298 -RRB- denotes )
T7590 19300-19313 RB denotes Interestingly
T7591 19313-19314 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7592 19315-19320 NN denotes TNF-α
T7593 19321-19328 NN denotes release
T7594 19329-19333 IN denotes from
T7595 19334-19339 NN denotes THP-1
T7596 19340-19345 NN denotes cells
T7597 19346-19356 VB denotes stimulated
T7598 19357-19361 IN denotes with
T7599 19362-19366 NN denotes dCGN
T7600 19367-19374 VB denotes reached
T7601 19375-19376 DT denotes a
T7602 19377-19384 NN denotes maximum
T7603 19385-19390 NN denotes level
T7604 19391-19393 IN denotes at
T7605 19394-19396 CD denotes 32
T7606 19397-19398 NN denotes h
T7607 19398-19399 -COMMA- denotes ,
T7608 19400-19405 IN denotes while
T7609 19406-19417 NN denotes stimulation
T7610 19418-19422 IN denotes with
T7611 19423-19426 NN denotes LPS
T7612 19427-19434 VB denotes reached
T7613 19435-19436 DT denotes a
T7614 19437-19444 NN denotes maximum
T7615 19445-19450 NN denotes level
T7616 19451-19453 IN denotes at
T7617 19454-19456 CD denotes 56
T7618 19457-19458 NN denotes h
T7619 19459-19460 -LRB- denotes (
T7620 19460-19464 NN denotes Fig.
T7621 19465-19467 NN denotes 2D
T7622 19467-19468 -RRB- denotes )
T8232 20326-20332 NN denotes Effect
T8233 20333-20335 IN denotes of
T8234 20336-20342 JJ denotes Native
T8235 20343-20346 CC denotes and
T8236 20347-20355 VB denotes Degraded
T8237 20356-20359 NN denotes CGN
T8238 20360-20362 IN denotes on
T8239 20363-20368 NN denotes THP-1
T8240 20369-20382 NN denotes Proliferation
T8241 20383-20386 CC denotes and
T8242 20387-20391 NNP denotes Cell
T8243 20392-20397 NNP denotes Cycle
T8244 20398-20409 JJ denotes Preliminary
T8245 20410-20422 NN denotes observations
T8246 20423-20425 IN denotes by
T8247 20426-20437 NN denotes enumeration
T8248 20438-20440 IN denotes of
T8249 20441-20446 NN denotes THP-1
T8250 20447-20452 NN denotes cells
T8251 20453-20460 VB denotes exposed
T8252 20461-20463 TO denotes to
T8253 20464-20473 JJ denotes different
T8254 20474-20488 NN denotes concentrations
T8255 20489-20491 IN denotes of
T8256 20492-20498 JJ denotes native
T8257 20499-20502 CC denotes and
T8258 20503-20507 NN denotes dCGN
T8259 20508-20509 -LRB- denotes (
T8260 20509-20511 CD denotes 10
T8261 20512-20515 CC denotes and
T8262 20516-20518 CD denotes 40
T8263 20519-20522 NN denotes kDa
T8264 20522-20523 -RRB- denotes )
T8265 20524-20530 IN denotes during
T8266 20531-20532 CD denotes 2
T8267 20532-20533 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8268 20534-20535 CD denotes 5
T8269 20536-20539 CC denotes and
T8270 20540-20541 CD denotes 7
T8271 20542-20546 NN denotes days
T8272 20546-20547 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8273 20548-20554 VB denotes showed
T8274 20555-20556 DT denotes a
T8275 20557-20564 NN denotes decline
T8276 20565-20567 IN denotes in
T8277 20568-20572 NN denotes cell
T8278 20573-20579 NN denotes number
T8279 20580-20581 -LRB- denotes (
T8280 20581-20585 NN denotes data
T8281 20586-20589 RB denotes not
T8282 20590-20595 VB denotes shown
T8283 20595-20596 -RRB- denotes )
T8284 20598-20602 DT denotes This
T8285 20603-20612 VB denotes suggested
T8286 20613-20617 IN denotes that
T8287 20618-20622 NN denotes dCGN
T8288 20623-20628 MD denotes might
T8289 20629-20634 VB denotes cause
T8290 20635-20637 DT denotes an
T8291 20638-20648 NN denotes alteration
T8292 20649-20651 IN denotes in
T8293 20652-20655 DT denotes the
T8294 20656-20660 NN denotes cell
T8295 20661-20666 NN denotes cycle
T8296 20668-20672 NN denotes Cell
T8297 20673-20678 NN denotes cycle
T8298 20679-20687 NN denotes analysis
T8299 20688-20693 VB denotes using
T8300 20694-20698 NN denotes flow
T8301 20699-20708 NN denotes cytometry
T8302 20709-20715 VB denotes showed
T8303 20716-20718 DT denotes an
T8304 20719-20731 NN denotes accumulation
T8305 20732-20734 IN denotes of
T8306 20735-20740 NN denotes THP-1
T8307 20741-20746 NN denotes cells
T8308 20747-20749 IN denotes in
T8309 20750-20755 NN denotes G0/G1
T8310 20756-20761 NN denotes phase
T8311 20761-20762 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8312 20763-20768 WDT denotes which
T8313 20769-20772 VB denotes was
T8314 20773-20783 VB denotes associated
T8315 20784-20788 IN denotes with
T8316 20789-20790 DT denotes a
T8317 20791-20799 NN denotes decrease
T8318 20800-20806 NN denotes number
T8319 20807-20809 IN denotes of
T8320 20810-20815 NN denotes cells
T8321 20816-20818 IN denotes in
T8322 20819-20822 DT denotes the
T8323 20823-20824 NN denotes S
T8324 20825-20830 NN denotes phase
T8325 20831-20832 -LRB- denotes (
T8326 20832-20836 NN denotes Fig.
T8327 20837-20839 NN denotes 3A
T8328 20839-20840 -RRB- denotes )
T8329 20842-20845 DT denotes The
T8330 20846-20856 NN denotes percentage
T8331 20857-20859 IN denotes of
T8332 20860-20865 NN denotes cells
T8333 20866-20868 IN denotes in
T8334 20869-20872 DT denotes the
T8335 20873-20878 NN denotes G0/G1
T8336 20879-20884 NN denotes phase
T8337 20885-20888 VB denotes was
T8338 20889-20893 CD denotes 45.2
T8339 20893-20894 NN denotes %
T8340 20895-20898 IN denotes for
T8341 20899-20906 NN denotes control
T8342 20907-20912 NN denotes cells
T8343 20912-20913 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8344 20914-20918 CD denotes 62.6
T8345 20918-20919 NN denotes %
T8346 20920-20923 IN denotes for
T8347 20924-20927 NN denotes C10
T8348 20928-20932 NN denotes dCGN
T8349 20933-20934 -LRB- denotes (
T8350 20934-20936 IN denotes at
T8351 20937-20938 CD denotes 2
T8352 20939-20944 NN denotes mg/ml
T8353 20944-20945 -RRB- denotes )
T8354 20945-20946 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8355 20947-20950 CC denotes and
T8356 20951-20955 CD denotes 64.2
T8357 20955-20956 NN denotes %
T8358 20957-20960 IN denotes for
T8359 20961-20964 NN denotes C40
T8360 20965-20977 JJ denotes dCGN-treated
T8361 20978-20983 NN denotes cells
T8362 20984-20985 -LRB- denotes (
T8363 20985-20987 IN denotes at
T8364 20988-20989 CD denotes 2
T8365 20990-20995 NN denotes mg/ml
T8366 20995-20996 -RRB- denotes )
T8367 20997-20998 -LRB- denotes (
T8368 20998-21002 NN denotes Fig.
T8369 21003-21005 NN denotes 3B
T8370 21005-21006 -RRB- denotes )
T8371 21008-21011 DT denotes The
T8372 21012-21018 NN denotes effect
T8373 21019-21021 IN denotes of
T8374 21022-21026 NN denotes dCGN
T8375 21027-21029 IN denotes on
T8376 21030-21034 NN denotes cell
T8377 21035-21040 NN denotes cycle
T8378 21041-21044 VB denotes was
T8379 21045-21059 JJ denotes dose-dependent
T8380 21060-21061 -LRB- denotes (
T8381 21061-21065 NNP denotes Fig.
T8382 21066-21068 NN denotes 3B
T8383 21068-21069 -RRB- denotes )
T8384 21071-21078 CC denotes Neither
T8385 21079-21085 JJ denotes native
T8386 21086-21089 CC denotes nor
T8387 21090-21094 NN denotes dCGN
T8388 21095-21098 VB denotes had
T8389 21099-21101 DT denotes an
T8390 21102-21108 NN denotes effect
T8391 21109-21111 IN denotes on
T8392 21112-21115 DT denotes the
T8393 21116-21122 NN denotes number
T8394 21123-21125 IN denotes of
T8395 21126-21131 NN denotes cells
T8396 21132-21134 IN denotes in
T8397 21135-21138 DT denotes the
T8398 21139-21143 NN denotes G2/M
T8399 21144-21149 NN denotes phase
T8400 21150-21151 -LRB- denotes (
T8401 21151-21155 NN denotes Fig.
T8402 21156-21157 CD denotes 3
T8403 21157-21158 -RRB- denotes )
T8404 21160-21164 DT denotes This
T8405 21165-21171 NN denotes effect
T8406 21172-21174 VB denotes is
T8407 21175-21178 RB denotes not
T8408 21179-21182 JJ denotes due
T8409 21183-21185 TO denotes to
T8410 21186-21198 NN denotes cytotoxicity
T8411 21199-21201 IN denotes of
T8412 21202-21206 NN denotes dCGN
T8413 21207-21211 RB denotes even
T8414 21212-21214 IN denotes at
T8415 21215-21218 DT denotes the
T8416 21219-21226 JJ denotes highest
T8417 21227-21240 NN denotes concentration
T8418 21241-21242 -LRB- denotes (
T8419 21242-21246 FW denotes i.e.
T8420 21247-21248 CD denotes 2
T8421 21249-21254 NN denotes mg/ml
T8422 21254-21255 -RRB- denotes )
T8423 21256-21261 IN denotes since
T8424 21262-21266 NN denotes cell
T8425 21267-21276 NN denotes viability
T8426 21277-21280 VB denotes was
T8427 21281-21284 RB denotes not
T8428 21285-21293 VB denotes affected
T8429 21294-21295 -LRB- denotes (
T8430 21295-21299 NN denotes data
T8431 21300-21303 RB denotes not
T8432 21304-21309 VB denotes shown
T8433 21309-21310 -RRB- denotes )
T8761 21910-21916 NN denotes ICAM-1
T8762 21917-21927 NN denotes Expression
T8763 21928-21930 VB denotes Is
T8764 21931-21938 VB denotes Induced
T8765 21939-21941 IN denotes by
T8766 21942-21950 VB denotes Degraded
T8767 21951-21954 NN denotes CGN
T8768 21955-21958 CC denotes and
T8769 21959-21961 VB denotes Is
T8770 21962-21973 JJ denotes Responsible
T8771 21974-21977 IN denotes for
T8772 21978-21987 NN denotes Monocytes
T8773 21988-21999 NNP denotes Aggregation
T8774 22000-22002 IN denotes In
T8775 22003-22008 NNP denotes Vitro
T8776 22010-22012 IN denotes In
T8777 22013-22018 NN denotes order
T8778 22019-22021 TO denotes to
T8779 22022-22027 VB denotes study
T8780 22028-22031 DT denotes the
T8781 22032-22038 NN denotes effect
T8782 22039-22041 IN denotes of
T8783 22042-22046 NN denotes dCGN
T8784 22047-22049 IN denotes on
T8785 22050-22053 DT denotes the
T8786 22054-22064 NN denotes expression
T8787 22065-22067 IN denotes of
T8788 22068-22072 NN denotes cell
T8789 22073-22080 NN denotes surface
T8790 22081-22089 NN denotes antigens
T8791 22089-22090 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8792 22091-22094 NN denotes PBM
T8793 22095-22098 CC denotes and
T8794 22099-22104 NN denotes THP-1
T8795 22105-22110 NN denotes cells
T8796 22111-22115 VB denotes were
T8797 22116-22125 VB denotes incubated
T8798 22126-22129 IN denotes for
T8799 22130-22132 CD denotes 36
T8800 22133-22134 NN denotes h
T8801 22135-22137 IN denotes in
T8802 22138-22141 DT denotes the
T8803 22142-22150 NN denotes presence
T8804 22151-22154 CC denotes and
T8805 22155-22162 NN denotes absence
T8806 22163-22165 IN denotes of
T8807 22166-22170 NN denotes dCGN
T8808 22172-22175 DT denotes The
T8809 22176-22186 NN denotes expression
T8810 22187-22189 IN denotes of
T8811 22190-22197 JJ denotes various
T8812 22198-22202 NN denotes cell
T8813 22203-22210 NN denotes surface
T8814 22211-22220 NN denotes molecules
T8815 22221-22224 VB denotes was
T8816 22225-22233 VB denotes analyzed
T8817 22234-22236 IN denotes by
T8818 22237-22241 NN denotes flow
T8819 22242-22251 NN denotes cytometry
T8820 22252-22254 IN denotes as
T8821 22255-22264 VB denotes described
T8822 22265-22267 IN denotes in
T8823 22268-22277 NN denotes materials
T8824 22278-22281 CC denotes and
T8825 22282-22289 NN denotes methods
T8826 22291-22295 DT denotes Both
T8827 22296-22301 NN denotes forms
T8828 22302-22304 IN denotes of
T8829 22305-22309 NN denotes dCGN
T8830 22310-22317 RB denotes clearly
T8831 22318-22328 VB denotes stimulated
T8832 22329-22339 NN denotes expression
T8833 22340-22342 IN denotes of
T8834 22343-22349 NN denotes ICAM-1
T8835 22350-22351 -LRB- denotes (
T8836 22351-22355 NN denotes CD54
T8837 22355-22356 -RRB- denotes )
T8838 22357-22359 IN denotes on
T8839 22360-22363 NN denotes PBM
T8840 22364-22367 CC denotes and
T8841 22368-22373 NN denotes THP-1
T8842 22374-22379 NN denotes cells
T8843 22380-22381 -LRB- denotes (
T8844 22381-22385 NN denotes Fig.
T8845 22386-22388 NN denotes 4A
T8846 22388-22389 -RRB- denotes )
T8847 22391-22394 DT denotes The
T8848 22395-22403 NN denotes increase
T8849 22404-22406 IN denotes in
T8850 22407-22413 NN denotes ICAM-1
T8851 22414-22424 NN denotes expression
T8852 22425-22428 VB denotes was
T8853 22429-22435 JJ denotes higher
T8854 22436-22438 IN denotes on
T8855 22439-22444 NN denotes THP-1
T8856 22445-22450 NN denotes cells
T8857 22451-22458 VB denotes treated
T8858 22459-22463 IN denotes with
T8859 22464-22466 CD denotes 40
T8860 22467-22470 NN denotes kDa
T8861 22471-22475 NN denotes dCGN
T8862 22476-22477 -LRB- denotes (
T8863 22477-22481 NN denotes Fig.
T8864 22482-22484 NN denotes 4B
T8865 22484-22485 -RRB- denotes )
T8866 22487-22494 DT denotes Another
T8867 22495-22502 NN denotes surface
T8868 22503-22510 NN denotes antigen
T8869 22510-22511 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8870 22512-22515 DT denotes the
T8871 22516-22526 NN denotes lymphocyte
T8872 22527-22546 JJ denotes function-associated
T8873 22547-22554 NN denotes antigen
T8874 22555-22556 CD denotes 3
T8875 22557-22558 -LRB- denotes (
T8876 22558-22562 NN denotes CD58
T8877 22562-22563 -RRB- denotes )
T8878 22564-22567 VB denotes was
T8879 22568-22576 RB denotes slightly
T8880 22577-22584 VB denotes reduced
T8881 22585-22587 IN denotes on
T8882 22588-22591 NN denotes PBM
T8883 22592-22597 IN denotes after
T8884 22598-22607 NN denotes treatment
T8885 22608-22612 IN denotes with
T8886 22613-22615 CD denotes 40
T8887 22616-22619 NN denotes kDa
T8888 22620-22624 NN denotes dCGN
T8889 22625-22626 -LRB- denotes (
T8890 22626-22630 NN denotes Fig.
T8891 22631-22633 NN denotes 4B
T8892 22633-22634 -RRB- denotes )
T8893 22636-22649 RB denotes Interestingly
T8894 22649-22650 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8895 22651-22661 NN denotes expression
T8896 22662-22664 IN denotes of
T8897 22665-22670 JJ denotes major
T8898 22671-22689 NN denotes histocompatibility
T8899 22690-22697 NN denotes complex
T8900 22698-22707 NN denotes molecules
T8901 22708-22710 IN denotes of
T8902 22711-22716 NN denotes class
T8903 22717-22718 CD denotes I
T8904 22719-22720 -LRB- denotes (
T8905 22720-22727 NN denotes HLA-ABC
T8906 22727-22728 -RRB- denotes )
T8907 22729-22732 CC denotes and
T8908 22733-22735 IN denotes of
T8909 22736-22741 NN denotes class
T8910 22742-22744 CD denotes II
T8911 22745-22746 -LRB- denotes (
T8912 22746-22752 NN denotes HLA-DR
T8913 22752-22753 -RRB- denotes )
T8914 22753-22754 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8915 22755-22757 RB denotes as
T8916 22758-22762 RB denotes well
T8917 22763-22765 IN denotes as
T8918 22766-22769 DT denotes the
T8919 22770-22778 NN denotes monocyte
T8920 22779-22785 NN denotes marker
T8921 22786-22790 NN denotes CD14
T8922 22790-22791 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8923 22792-22798 VB denotes seemed
T8924 22799-22801 TO denotes to
T8925 22802-22804 VB denotes be
T8926 22805-22812 VB denotes reduced
T8927 22813-22815 IN denotes by
T8928 22816-22825 NN denotes treatment
T8929 22826-22830 IN denotes with
T8930 22831-22835 NN denotes dCGN
T8931 22836-22837 -LRB- denotes (
T8932 22837-22841 NN denotes Fig.
T8933 22842-22844 NN denotes 4B
T8934 22844-22845 -RRB- denotes )
T8935 22847-22854 RB denotes However
T8936 22854-22855 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8937 22856-22861 DT denotes these
T8938 22862-22873 NN denotes differences
T8939 22874-22878 VB denotes were
T8940 22879-22882 RB denotes not
T8941 22883-22896 RB denotes statistically
T8942 22897-22908 JJ denotes significant
T8943 23565-23574 NN denotes Treatment
T8944 23575-23579 IN denotes with
T8945 23580-23584 NN denotes dCGN
T8946 23585-23589 RB denotes also
T8947 23590-23597 VB denotes induced
T8948 23598-23599 DT denotes a
T8949 23600-23606 JJ denotes strong
T8950 23607-23618 NN denotes aggregation
T8951 23619-23621 IN denotes of
T8952 23622-23631 NN denotes monocytes
T8953 23631-23632 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8954 23633-23641 VB denotes detected
T8955 23642-23644 IN denotes by
T8956 23645-23650 NN denotes phase
T8957 23651-23659 NN denotes contrast
T8958 23660-23667 JJ denotes inverse
T8959 23668-23678 NN denotes microscopy
T8960 23679-23680 -LRB- denotes (
T8961 23680-23684 NNP denotes Fig.
T8962 23685-23686 CD denotes 5
T8963 23686-23687 -RRB- denotes )
T8964 23689-23697 IN denotes Although
T8965 23698-23702 DT denotes this
T8966 23703-23709 NN denotes effect
T8967 23710-23713 VB denotes was
T8968 23714-23720 RB denotes easily
T8969 23721-23729 VB denotes observed
T8970 23730-23732 IN denotes in
T8971 23733-23742 NN denotes monocytes
T8972 23743-23752 VB denotes incubated
T8973 23753-23757 IN denotes with
T8974 23758-23761 DT denotes the
T8975 23762-23764 CD denotes 10
T8976 23765-23768 NN denotes kDa
T8977 23769-23773 NN denotes dCGN
T8978 23774-23775 -LRB- denotes (
T8979 23775-23779 NN denotes Fig.
T8980 23780-23782 NN denotes 5B
T8981 23782-23783 -RRB- denotes )
T8982 23783-23784 -COMMA- denotes ,
T8983 23785-23786 DT denotes a
T8984 23787-23791 RB denotes more
T8985 23792-23798 JJ denotes robust
T8986 23799-23803 NN denotes cell
T8987 23804-23815 NN denotes aggregation
T8988 23816-23819 VB denotes was
T8989 23820-23828 VB denotes observed
T8990 23829-23831 IN denotes in
T8991 23832-23841 NN denotes monocytes
T8992 23842-23851 VB denotes incubated
T8993 23852-23856 IN denotes with
T8994 23857-23860 DT denotes the
T8995 23861-23863 CD denotes 40
T8996 23864-23867 NN denotes kDa
T8997 23868-23872 NN denotes dCGN
T8998 23873-23874 -LRB- denotes (
T8999 23874-23878 NN denotes Fig.
T9000 23879-23881 NN denotes 5C
T9001 23881-23882 -RRB- denotes )
T9002 23884-23890 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9003 23891-23894 VB denotes has
T9004 23895-23899 VB denotes been
T9005 23900-23908 VB denotes proposed
T9006 23909-23911 TO denotes to
T9007 23912-23914 VB denotes be
T9008 23915-23918 DT denotes the
T9009 23919-23923 JJ denotes main
T9010 23924-23932 NN denotes adhesion
T9011 23933-23941 NN denotes molecule
T9012 23942-23953 JJ denotes responsible
T9013 23954-23957 IN denotes for
T9014 23958-23966 NN denotes monocyte
T9015 23967-23978 NN denotes aggregation
T9016 23980-23982 TO denotes To
T9017 23983-23990 VB denotes confirm
T9018 23991-23995 DT denotes this
T9019 23995-23996 -COMMA- denotes ,
T9020 23997-24006 NN denotes monocytes
T9021 24007-24011 VB denotes were
T9022 24012-24021 VB denotes incubated
T9023 24022-24026 IN denotes with
T9024 24027-24031 DT denotes both
T9025 24032-24037 NN denotes types
T9026 24038-24040 IN denotes of
T9027 24041-24045 NN denotes dCGN
T9028 24046-24048 IN denotes in
T9029 24049-24052 DT denotes the
T9030 24053-24061 NN denotes presence
T9031 24062-24064 IN denotes of
T9032 24065-24067 DT denotes an
T9033 24068-24079 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T9034 24080-24088 NN denotes antibody
T9035 24088-24089 -COMMA- denotes ,
T9036 24090-24092 DT denotes an
T9037 24093-24102 JJ denotes anti-CD58
T9038 24103-24111 NN denotes antibody
T9039 24112-24115 CC denotes and
T9040 24116-24118 DT denotes an
T9041 24119-24126 NN denotes isotype
T9042 24127-24134 NN denotes control
T9043 24135-24139 NN denotes IgG1
T9044 24140-24148 NN denotes antibody
T9045 24150-24153 DT denotes The
T9046 24154-24165 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T9047 24166-24174 NN denotes antibody
T9048 24175-24186 RB denotes effectively
T9049 24187-24194 VB denotes blocked
T9050 24195-24198 DT denotes the
T9051 24199-24203 NN denotes cell
T9052 24204-24214 NN denotes aggregates
T9053 24215-24222 VB denotes induced
T9054 24223-24225 IN denotes by
T9055 24226-24230 NN denotes dCGN
T9056 24231-24232 -LRB- denotes (
T9057 24232-24236 NNP denotes Fig.
T9058 24237-24239 NN denotes 5D
T9059 24239-24240 -COMMA- denotes ,
T9060 24241-24243 NN denotes 5E
T9061 24243-24244 -RRB- denotes )
T9062 24244-24245 -COMMA- denotes ,
T9063 24246-24254 RB denotes strongly
T9064 24255-24265 VB denotes suggesting
T9065 24266-24270 IN denotes that
T9066 24271-24277 RB denotes indeed
T9067 24278-24284 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9068 24285-24287 VB denotes is
T9069 24288-24299 JJ denotes responsible
T9070 24300-24303 IN denotes for
T9071 24304-24312 NN denotes monocyte
T9072 24313-24324 NN denotes aggregation
T9073 24326-24330 CC denotes Both
T9074 24331-24334 DT denotes the
T9075 24335-24342 NN denotes control
T9076 24343-24347 NN denotes IgG1
T9077 24348-24351 CC denotes and
T9078 24352-24355 DT denotes the
T9079 24356-24365 JJ denotes anti-CD58
T9080 24366-24374 NN denotes antibody
T9081 24375-24378 VB denotes did
T9082 24379-24382 RB denotes not
T9083 24383-24389 VB denotes modify
T9084 24390-24398 NN denotes monocyte
T9085 24399-24410 NN denotes aggregation
T9086 24411-24412 -LRB- denotes (
T9087 24412-24416 NN denotes data
T9088 24417-24420 RB denotes not
T9089 24421-24426 VB denotes shown
T9090 24426-24427 -RRB- denotes )
T9635 25092-25100 VB denotes Degraded
T9636 25101-25104 NN denotes CGN
T9637 25105-25111 VB denotes Induce
T9638 25112-25114 DT denotes an
T9639 25115-25123 NN denotes Increase
T9640 25124-25126 IN denotes in
T9641 25127-25133 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9642 25134-25137 CC denotes and
T9643 25138-25143 NN denotes TNF-α
T9644 25144-25148 NN denotes mRNA
T9645 25149-25159 NN denotes Expression
T9646 25160-25163 DT denotes The
T9647 25164-25172 NN denotes increase
T9648 25173-25175 IN denotes in
T9649 25176-25183 NN denotes surface
T9650 25184-25190 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9651 25191-25201 NN denotes expression
T9652 25202-25205 CC denotes and
T9653 25206-25211 NN denotes TNF-α
T9654 25212-25222 NN denotes production
T9655 25223-25225 IN denotes by
T9656 25226-25235 NN denotes monocytes
T9657 25236-25246 VB denotes correlated
T9658 25247-25251 IN denotes with
T9659 25252-25254 DT denotes an
T9660 25255-25267 NN denotes upregulation
T9661 25268-25270 IN denotes of
T9662 25271-25275 NN denotes mRNA
T9663 25276-25279 IN denotes for
T9664 25280-25285 DT denotes these
T9665 25286-25295 NN denotes molecules
T9666 25297-25301 DT denotes Both
T9667 25302-25304 CD denotes 10
T9668 25305-25308 NN denotes kDa
T9669 25309-25312 CC denotes and
T9670 25313-25315 CD denotes 40
T9671 25316-25319 NN denotes kDa
T9672 25320-25324 NN denotes dCGN
T9673 25325-25332 VB denotes induced
T9674 25333-25334 DT denotes a
T9675 25335-25341 JJ denotes robust
T9676 25342-25350 NN denotes increase
T9677 25351-25353 IN denotes in
T9678 25354-25358 NN denotes mRNA
T9679 25359-25362 IN denotes for
T9680 25363-25367 CC denotes both
T9681 25368-25374 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9682 25375-25378 CC denotes and
T9683 25379-25384 NN denotes TNF-α
T9684 25385-25386 -LRB- denotes (
T9685 25386-25390 NN denotes Fig.
T9686 25391-25392 CD denotes 6
T9687 25392-25393 -RRB- denotes )
T9688 25393-25400 NN denotes . β-act
T9689 25400-25404 NN denotes in m
T9690 25404-25410 NN denotes RNA le
T9691 25410-25414 VB denotes vels
T9692 25415-25418 RB denotes wer
T9693 25418-25426 VB denotes e not af
T9694 25426-25428 IN denotes fe
T9695 25428-25432 NN denotes cted
T9696 25433-25442 NN denotes by dCGN t
T10080 25764-25772 VB denotes Degraded
T10081 25773-25776 NNP denotes CGN
T10082 25777-25783 NNP denotes Induce
T10083 25784-25787 NNP denotes IκB
T10084 25788-25799 NNP denotes Degradation
T10085 25800-25803 CC denotes and
T10086 25804-25809 NN denotes NF-κB
T10087 25810-25820 NN denotes Activation
T10088 25821-25824 DT denotes The
T10089 25825-25835 NN denotes expression
T10090 25836-25838 IN denotes of
T10091 25839-25844 NN denotes genes
T10092 25845-25853 VB denotes encoding
T10093 25854-25857 IN denotes for
T10094 25858-25864 NN denotes ICAM-1
T10095 25865-25868 CC denotes and
T10096 25869-25874 NN denotes TNF-α
T10097 25875-25877 VB denotes is
T10098 25878-25888 VB denotes controlled
T10099 25889-25891 IN denotes by
T10100 25892-25895 DT denotes the
T10101 25896-25903 JJ denotes nuclear
T10102 25904-25910 NN denotes factor
T10103 25911-25916 NN denotes NF-κB
T10104 25918-25931 JJ denotes Site-specific
T10105 25932-25947 NN denotes phosphorylation
T10106 25948-25950 IN denotes of
T10107 25951-25954 DT denotes the
T10108 25955-25964 NN denotes inhibitor
T10109 25965-25968 NN denotes IκB
T10110 25969-25974 VB denotes leads
T10111 25975-25977 TO denotes to
T10112 25978-25981 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes its
T10113 25982-25993 NN denotes degradation
T10114 25994-25996 IN denotes by
T10115 25997-26007 NN denotes proteasome
T10116 26008-26011 CC denotes and
T10117 26012-26014 TO denotes to
T10118 26015-26016 DT denotes a
T10119 26017-26030 JJ denotes consequential
T10120 26031-26041 NN denotes activation
T10121 26042-26044 IN denotes of
T10122 26045-26048 DT denotes the
T10123 26049-26054 NN denotes NF-κB
T10124 26055-26062 NN denotes pathway
T10125 26064-26069 VB denotes Using
T10126 26070-26071 DT denotes a
T10127 26072-26080 NN denotes reporter
T10128 26081-26088 NN denotes plasmid
T10129 26089-26092 IN denotes for
T10130 26093-26098 NN denotes NF-κB
T10131 26099-26109 NN denotes activation
T10132 26109-26110 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10133 26111-26113 PRP denotes it
T10134 26114-26117 VB denotes was
T10135 26118-26127 VB denotes confirmed
T10136 26128-26132 IN denotes that
T10137 26133-26137 NN denotes dCGN
T10138 26138-26145 VB denotes induced
T10139 26146-26147 DT denotes a
T10140 26148-26154 JJ denotes strong
T10141 26155-26165 NN denotes activation
T10142 26166-26168 IN denotes of
T10143 26169-26174 NN denotes NF-κB
T10144 26174-26175 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10145 26176-26178 IN denotes as
T10146 26179-26188 VB denotes reflected
T10147 26189-26191 IN denotes by
T10148 26192-26194 DT denotes an
T10149 26195-26203 NN denotes increase
T10150 26204-26206 IN denotes in
T10151 26207-26217 NN denotes luciferase
T10152 26218-26226 NN denotes activity
T10153 26227-26228 -LRB- denotes (
T10154 26228-26232 NNP denotes Fig.
T10155 26233-26235 NN denotes 7A
T10156 26235-26236 -RRB- denotes )
T10157 26238-26242 DT denotes Both
T10158 26243-26248 NN denotes forms
T10159 26249-26251 IN denotes of
T10160 26252-26256 NN denotes dCGN
T10161 26257-26261 VB denotes used
T10162 26262-26269 VB denotes induced
T10163 26270-26275 NN denotes NF-κB
T10164 26276-26286 NN denotes activation
T10165 26287-26289 IN denotes in
T10166 26290-26291 DT denotes a
T10167 26292-26296 NN denotes dose
T10168 26297-26306 JJ denotes dependent
T10169 26307-26313 NN denotes manner
T10170 26315-26322 RB denotes However
T10171 26322-26323 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10172 26324-26327 DT denotes the
T10173 26328-26334 NN denotes effect
T10174 26335-26338 VB denotes was
T10175 26339-26343 RB denotes more
T10176 26344-26352 RB denotes strongly
T10177 26353-26360 VB denotes induced
T10178 26361-26363 IN denotes by
T10179 26364-26367 DT denotes the
T10180 26368-26370 CD denotes 40
T10181 26371-26374 NN denotes kDa
T10182 26375-26379 NN denotes dCGN
T10183 26380-26381 -LRB- denotes (
T10184 26381-26385 NNP denotes Fig.
T10185 26386-26388 NN denotes 7A
T10186 26388-26389 -RRB- denotes )
T10187 26391-26396 DT denotes These
T10188 26397-26404 NN denotes results
T10189 26405-26409 VB denotes were
T10190 26410-26417 RB denotes further
T10191 26418-26427 VB denotes confirmed
T10192 26428-26430 IN denotes by
T10193 26431-26439 RB denotes directly
T10194 26440-26449 VB denotes detecting
T10195 26450-26455 NN denotes NF-κB
T10196 26456-26458 IN denotes in
T10197 26459-26462 DT denotes the
T10198 26463-26467 NN denotes cell
T10199 26468-26475 NN denotes nucleus
T10200 26476-26478 IN denotes by
T10201 26479-26486 JJ denotes Western
T10202 26487-26495 NN denotes blotting
T10203 26496-26497 -LRB- denotes (
T10204 26497-26501 NN denotes Fig.
T10205 26502-26504 NN denotes 7C
T10206 26504-26505 -RRB- denotes )
T10207 26506-26509 CC denotes and
T10208 26510-26512 IN denotes by
T10209 26513-26517 NN denotes FACS
T10210 26518-26519 -LRB- denotes (
T10211 26519-26523 NNP denotes Fig.
T10212 26524-26526 NN denotes 7D
T10213 26526-26527 -RRB- denotes )
T10214 26529-26534 DT denotes These
T10215 26535-26541 NN denotes assays
T10216 26542-26546 RB denotes also
T10217 26547-26554 VB denotes allowed
T10218 26555-26557 PRP denotes us
T10219 26558-26560 TO denotes to
T10220 26561-26570 VB denotes determine
T10221 26571-26575 WP denotes what
T10222 26576-26581 NN denotes NF-κB
T10223 26582-26590 NN denotes subunits
T10224 26591-26595 VB denotes were
T10225 26596-26605 VB denotes activated
T10226 26606-26608 IN denotes by
T10227 26609-26613 NN denotes dCGN
T10228 26615-26619 DT denotes Both
T10229 26620-26625 NN denotes forms
T10230 26626-26627 -LRB- denotes (
T10231 26627-26629 CD denotes 10
T10232 26630-26632 CC denotes or
T10233 26633-26635 CD denotes 40
T10234 26636-26639 NN denotes kDa
T10235 26639-26640 -RRB- denotes )
T10236 26641-26643 IN denotes of
T10237 26644-26648 NN denotes dCGN
T10238 26649-26656 VB denotes induced
T10239 26657-26667 NN denotes activation
T10240 26668-26670 IN denotes of
T10241 26671-26674 DT denotes the
T10242 26675-26678 NN denotes p50
T10243 26679-26682 CC denotes and
T10244 26683-26686 NN denotes p65
T10245 26687-26695 NN denotes subunits
T10246 26696-26698 IN denotes of
T10247 26699-26704 NN denotes NF-κB
T10248 26706-26710 DT denotes This
T10249 26711-26718 JJ denotes nuclear
T10250 26719-26725 NN denotes factor
T10251 26726-26729 VB denotes was
T10252 26730-26737 JJ denotes present
T10253 26738-26740 IN denotes in
T10254 26741-26744 JJ denotes low
T10255 26745-26751 NN denotes levels
T10256 26752-26754 IN denotes in
T10257 26755-26758 DT denotes the
T10258 26759-26763 NN denotes cell
T10259 26764-26771 NN denotes nucleus
T10260 26772-26775 CC denotes and
T10261 26776-26785 VB denotes increased
T10262 26786-26798 RB denotes considerably
T10263 26799-26804 IN denotes after
T10264 26805-26814 NN denotes treatment
T10265 26815-26819 IN denotes with
T10266 26820-26824 NN denotes dCGN
T10267 26826-26833 JJ denotes Western
T10268 26834-26839 NN denotes blots
T10269 26840-26849 VB denotes suggested
T10270 26850-26853 DT denotes the
T10271 26854-26857 DT denotes the
T10272 26858-26860 CD denotes 40
T10273 26861-26864 NN denotes kDa
T10274 26865-26869 NN denotes form
T10275 26870-26872 IN denotes of
T10276 26873-26877 NN denotes dCGN
T10277 26878-26885 VB denotes induced
T10278 26886-26887 DT denotes a
T10279 26888-26896 JJ denotes stronger
T10280 26897-26907 NN denotes activation
T10281 26908-26910 IN denotes of
T10282 26911-26916 NN denotes NF-κB
T10283 26917-26918 -LRB- denotes (
T10284 26918-26922 NNP denotes Fig.
T10285 26923-26925 NN denotes 7C
T10286 26925-26926 -RRB- denotes )
T10287 26928-26929 DT denotes A
T10288 26930-26934 RB denotes more
T10289 26935-26942 JJ denotes sentive
T10290 26943-26948 NN denotes assay
T10291 26949-26952 IN denotes for
T10292 26953-26960 JJ denotes nuclear
T10293 26961-26967 NN denotes factor
T10294 26968-26978 NN denotes activation
T10295 26979-26981 VB denotes is
T10296 26982-26986 NN denotes flow
T10297 26987-26996 NN denotes cytometry
T10298 26997-26999 IN denotes of
T10299 27000-27006 NN denotes nuclei
T10300 27007-27014 VB denotes stained
T10301 27015-27019 IN denotes with
T10302 27020-27028 JJ denotes specific
T10303 27029-27039 NN denotes antibodies
T10304 27040-27043 IN denotes for
T10305 27044-27047 DT denotes the
T10306 27048-27055 JJ denotes nuclear
T10307 27056-27062 NN denotes factor
T10308 27063-27065 IN denotes of
T10309 27066-27074 NN denotes interest
T10310 27076-27078 IN denotes In
T10311 27079-27088 NN denotes agreement
T10312 27089-27093 IN denotes with
T10313 27094-27097 DT denotes the
T10314 27098-27106 JJ denotes previous
T10315 27107-27111 NN denotes data
T10316 27111-27112 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10317 27113-27117 NN denotes FACS
T10318 27118-27126 NN denotes analysis
T10319 27127-27129 IN denotes of
T10320 27130-27136 NN denotes nuclei
T10321 27137-27141 IN denotes from
T10322 27142-27147 NN denotes THP-1
T10323 27148-27153 NN denotes cells
T10324 27154-27160 VB denotes showed
T10325 27161-27165 IN denotes that
T10326 27166-27171 EX denotes there
T10327 27172-27175 VB denotes was
T10328 27176-27177 DT denotes a
T10329 27178-27183 JJ denotes basal
T10330 27184-27189 NN denotes level
T10331 27190-27192 IN denotes of
T10332 27193-27200 JJ denotes nuclear
T10333 27201-27206 NN denotes NF-κB
T10334 27207-27208 -LRB- denotes (
T10335 27208-27212 NNP denotes Fig.
T10336 27213-27215 NN denotes 7D
T10337 27215-27216 -RRB- denotes )
T10338 27218-27223 RB denotes Again
T10339 27223-27224 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10340 27225-27229 DT denotes both
T10341 27230-27235 NN denotes forms
T10342 27236-27237 -LRB- denotes (
T10343 27237-27239 CD denotes 10
T10344 27240-27242 CC denotes or
T10345 27243-27245 CD denotes 40
T10346 27246-27249 NN denotes kDa
T10347 27249-27250 -RRB- denotes )
T10348 27251-27253 IN denotes of
T10349 27254-27258 NN denotes dCGN
T10350 27259-27266 VB denotes induced
T10351 27267-27269 DT denotes an
T10352 27270-27278 NN denotes increase
T10353 27279-27281 IN denotes of
T10354 27282-27285 DT denotes the
T10355 27286-27289 NN denotes p50
T10356 27290-27293 CC denotes and
T10357 27294-27297 NN denotes p65
T10358 27298-27306 NN denotes subunits
T10359 27307-27309 IN denotes of
T10360 27310-27315 NN denotes NF-κB
T10361 27316-27318 IN denotes in
T10362 27319-27322 DT denotes the
T10363 27323-27330 NN denotes nucleus
T10364 27331-27333 IN denotes of
T10365 27334-27339 DT denotes these
T10366 27340-27345 NN denotes cells
T10367 27347-27350 DT denotes The
T10368 27351-27353 CD denotes 40
T10369 27354-27357 NN denotes kDa
T10370 27358-27366 VB denotes degraded
T10371 27367-27370 NN denotes CGN
T10372 27371-27375 VB denotes gave
T10373 27376-27377 DT denotes a
T10374 27378-27386 JJ denotes stronger
T10375 27387-27395 NN denotes increase
T10376 27396-27398 IN denotes of
T10377 27399-27404 NN denotes NF-κB
T10378 27405-27406 -LRB- denotes (
T10379 27406-27410 NNP denotes Fig.
T10380 27411-27413 NN denotes 7D
T10381 27413-27414 -RRB- denotes )
T10382 27416-27421 DT denotes These
T10383 27422-27426 NN denotes data
T10384 27427-27435 RB denotes strongly
T10385 27436-27443 VB denotes suggest
T10386 27444-27448 IN denotes that
T10387 27449-27452 DT denotes the
T10388 27453-27464 NN denotes heterodimer
T10389 27465-27472 NN denotes p50/p65
T10390 27473-27475 VB denotes is
T10391 27476-27479 DT denotes the
T10392 27480-27485 NN denotes NF-κB
T10393 27486-27493 NN denotes isoform
T10394 27494-27503 VB denotes activated
T10395 27504-27506 IN denotes by
T10396 27507-27515 VB denotes degraded
T10397 27516-27519 NN denotes CGN
T10398 27520-27522 IN denotes in
T10399 27523-27532 NN denotes monocytes
T10400 27534-27536 IN denotes In
T10401 27537-27545 NN denotes addition
T10402 27545-27546 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10403 27547-27558 NN denotes degradation
T10404 27559-27561 IN denotes of
T10405 27562-27565 DT denotes the
T10406 27566-27575 NN denotes inhibitor
T10407 27576-27580 NN denotes IκBα
T10408 27581-27584 VB denotes was
T10409 27585-27589 RB denotes also
T10410 27590-27598 VB denotes observed
T10411 27599-27601 IN denotes in
T10412 27602-27607 NN denotes cells
T10413 27608-27615 VB denotes treated
T10414 27616-27620 IN denotes with
T10415 27621-27625 NN denotes dCGN
T10416 27626-27627 -LRB- denotes (
T10417 27627-27631 NNP denotes Fig.
T10418 27632-27634 NN denotes 7B
T10419 27634-27635 -RRB- denotes )
T10420 27637-27639 DT denotes No
T10421 27640-27651 JJ denotes significant
T10422 27652-27656 NN denotes IκBα
T10423 27657-27668 NN denotes degradation
T10424 27669-27672 VB denotes was
T10425 27673-27681 VB denotes detected
T10426 27682-27688 IN denotes within
T10427 27689-27692 CD denotes two
T10428 27693-27698 NN denotes hours
T10429 27699-27701 IN denotes of
T10430 27702-27706 NN denotes dCGN
T10431 27707-27716 NN denotes treatment
T10432 27716-27717 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10433 27718-27721 CC denotes but
T10434 27722-27726 NN denotes IκBα
T10435 27727-27730 VB denotes was
T10436 27731-27739 RB denotes markedly
T10437 27740-27748 VB denotes degraded
T10438 27749-27751 IN denotes by
T10439 27752-27756 CD denotes four
T10440 27757-27762 NN denotes hours
T10441 27763-27765 IN denotes of
T10442 27766-27770 NN denotes dCGN
T10443 27771-27780 NN denotes treatment
T10444 27781-27782 -LRB- denotes (
T10445 27782-27786 NN denotes Fig.
T10446 27787-27789 NN denotes 7B
T10447 27789-27790 -RRB- denotes )
T10448 27792-27794 PRP denotes We
T10449 27795-27802 VB denotes focused
T10450 27803-27805 IN denotes on
T10451 27806-27810 NN denotes IκBα
T10452 27811-27818 NN denotes subunit
T10453 27818-27819 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10454 27820-27825 IN denotes since
T10455 27826-27828 PRP denotes it
T10456 27829-27834 VB denotes masks
T10457 27835-27838 DT denotes the
T10458 27839-27846 JJ denotes nuclear
T10459 27847-27859 NN denotes localisation
T10460 27860-27868 NN denotes sequence
T10461 27869-27871 IN denotes of
T10462 27872-27875 NN denotes p65
T10463 27875-27876 -COMMA- denotes ,
T10464 27877-27879 PRP denotes it
T10465 27880-27882 VB denotes is
T10466 27883-27886 DT denotes the
T10467 27887-27891 RB denotes most
T10468 27892-27899 RB denotes rapidly
T10469 27900-27908 VB denotes degraded
T10470 27909-27916 NN denotes subunit
T10471 27917-27920 CC denotes and
T10472 27921-27924 DT denotes the
T10473 27925-27929 RB denotes most
T10474 27930-27937 VB denotes studied
T10475 27938-27941 CD denotes one
T11641 29501-29513 NN denotes Inflammation
T11642 29514-29516 IN denotes of
T11643 29517-29520 DT denotes the
T11644 29521-29531 JJ denotes intestinal
T11645 29532-29537 NN denotes tract
T11646 29538-29540 VB denotes is
T11647 29541-29548 RB denotes usually
T11648 29549-29559 VB denotes associated
T11649 29560-29564 IN denotes with
T11650 29565-29577 NN denotes infiltration
T11651 29578-29581 CC denotes and
T11652 29582-29592 NN denotes activation
T11653 29593-29595 IN denotes of
T11654 29596-29606 JJ denotes intestinal
T11655 29607-29618 NN denotes macrophages
T11656 29619-29620 -LRB- denotes [
T11657 29620-29622 CD denotes 17
T11658 29622-29623 -RRB- denotes ]
T11659 29625-29630 DT denotes These
T11660 29631-29642 NN denotes macrophages
T11661 29643-29646 VB denotes are
T11662 29647-29651 JJ denotes able
T11663 29652-29654 TO denotes to
T11664 29655-29663 VB denotes initiate
T11665 29664-29670 JJ denotes immune
T11666 29671-29680 NN denotes responses
T11667 29681-29684 CC denotes and
T11668 29685-29688 MD denotes can
T11669 29689-29691 VB denotes be
T11670 29692-29699 VB denotes induced
T11671 29700-29702 TO denotes to
T11672 29703-29716 VB denotes differentiate
T11673 29717-29721 IN denotes into
T11674 29722-29727 NN denotes cells
T11675 29728-29732 IN denotes that
T11676 29733-29739 CC denotes either
T11677 29740-29750 NN denotes exacerbate
T11678 29751-29753 CC denotes or
T11679 29754-29761 VB denotes inhibit
T11680 29762-29765 DT denotes the
T11681 29766-29778 NN denotes inflammation
T11682 29780-29792 NN denotes Accumulation
T11683 29793-29795 IN denotes of
T11684 29796-29805 JJ denotes different
T11685 29806-29811 NN denotes types
T11686 29812-29814 IN denotes of
T11687 29815-29825 NN denotes leukocytes
T11688 29825-29826 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11689 29827-29836 VB denotes including
T11690 29837-29858 NN denotes monocytes/macrophages
T11691 29858-29859 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11692 29860-29871 NN denotes neutrophils
T11693 29871-29872 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11694 29873-29876 CC denotes and
T11695 29877-29888 NN denotes lymphocytes
T11696 29889-29891 IN denotes in
T11697 29892-29895 DT denotes the
T11698 29896-29906 JJ denotes intestinal
T11699 29907-29913 NN denotes mucosa
T11700 29914-29920 IN denotes during
T11701 29921-29933 NN denotes inflammation
T11702 29933-29934 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11703 29935-29937 VB denotes is
T11704 29938-29946 RB denotes normally
T11705 29947-29955 VB denotes followed
T11706 29956-29958 IN denotes by
T11707 29959-29968 NN denotes secretion
T11708 29969-29971 IN denotes of
T11709 29972-29988 JJ denotes pro-inflammatory
T11710 29989-29998 NN denotes cytokines
T11711 29999-30000 -LRB- denotes [
T11712 30000-30002 CD denotes 33
T11713 30002-30003 -RRB- denotes ]
T11714 30005-30012 JJ denotes Several
T11715 30013-30020 NN denotes stimuli
T11716 30021-30024 MD denotes can
T11717 30025-30031 VB denotes induce
T11718 30032-30037 DT denotes these
T11719 30038-30048 NN denotes leukocytes
T11720 30049-30051 TO denotes to
T11721 30052-30059 VB denotes produce
T11722 30060-30063 CC denotes and
T11723 30064-30071 JJ denotes secrete
T11724 30072-30081 NN denotes cytokines
T11725 30082-30088 IN denotes during
T11726 30089-30101 NN denotes inflammation
T11727 30103-30106 CD denotes One
T11728 30107-30109 IN denotes of
T11729 30110-30113 DT denotes the
T11730 30114-30118 RB denotes most
T11731 30119-30125 JJ denotes potent
T11732 30126-30129 CC denotes and
T11733 30130-30135 VB denotes known
T11734 30136-30143 NN denotes stimuli
T11735 30144-30147 IN denotes for
T11736 30148-30157 NN denotes leukocyte
T11737 30158-30168 NN denotes activation
T11738 30169-30171 VB denotes is
T11739 30172-30175 NN denotes LPS
T11740 30176-30180 IN denotes from
T11741 30181-30194 JJ denotes Gram-negative
T11742 30195-30203 NN denotes bacteria
T11743 30204-30205 -LRB- denotes [
T11744 30205-30207 CD denotes 34
T11745 30207-30208 -RRB- denotes ]
T11746 30210-30212 IN denotes In
T11747 30213-30221 NN denotes addition
T11748 30221-30222 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11749 30223-30228 JJ denotes other
T11750 30229-30236 NN denotes factors
T11751 30237-30240 VB denotes are
T11752 30241-30245 RB denotes also
T11753 30246-30250 JJ denotes able
T11754 30251-30253 TO denotes to
T11755 30254-30263 VB denotes stimulate
T11756 30264-30272 NN denotes cytokine
T11757 30273-30282 NN denotes secretion
T11758 30283-30287 IN denotes from
T11759 30288-30295 JJ denotes various
T11760 30296-30306 NN denotes leukocytes
T11761 30307-30308 -LRB- denotes [
T11762 30308-30310 CD denotes 35
T11763 30310-30311 -RRB- denotes ]
T11764 30311-30312 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11765 30313-30314 -LRB- denotes [
T11766 30314-30316 CD denotes 36
T11767 30316-30317 -RRB- denotes ]
T11768 30319-30322 CD denotes One
T11769 30323-30327 JJ denotes such
T11770 30328-30334 NN denotes factor
T11771 30335-30337 VB denotes is
T11772 30338-30341 NN denotes CGN
T11773 30341-30342 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11774 30343-30344 DT denotes a
T11775 30345-30349 JJ denotes high
T11776 30350-30359 JJ denotes molecular
T11777 30360-30366 NN denotes weight
T11778 30367-30376 VB denotes sulphated
T11779 30377-30391 NN denotes polysaccharide
T11780 30392-30393 -LRB- denotes (
T11781 30393-30394 SYM denotes >
T11782 30394-30397 CD denotes 200
T11783 30398-30401 NN denotes kDa
T11784 30401-30402 -RRB- denotes )
T11785 30403-30410 VB denotes derived
T11786 30411-30415 IN denotes from
T11787 30416-30419 JJ denotes red
T11788 30420-30425 NN denotes algae
T11789 30426-30427 -LRB- denotes (
T11790 30427-30439 NNP denotes Rhodophyceae
T11791 30439-30440 -RRB- denotes )
T11792 30441-30442 -LRB- denotes [
T11793 30442-30443 CD denotes 1
T11794 30443-30444 -RRB- denotes ]
T11795 30444-30445 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11796 30446-30447 -LRB- denotes [
T11797 30447-30448 CD denotes 2
T11798 30448-30449 -RRB- denotes ]
T11799 30451-30457 JJ denotes Native
T11800 30458-30461 NN denotes CGN
T11801 30462-30464 VB denotes is
T11802 30465-30471 RB denotes widely
T11803 30472-30476 VB denotes used
T11804 30477-30479 IN denotes as
T11805 30480-30481 DT denotes a
T11806 30482-30486 NN denotes food
T11807 30487-30495 JJ denotes additive
T11808 30496-30497 -LRB- denotes (
T11809 30497-30498 NN denotes E
T11810 30499-30502 CD denotes 407
T11811 30502-30503 -RRB- denotes )
T11812 30504-30506 TO denotes to
T11813 30507-30514 VB denotes improve
T11814 30515-30522 NN denotes texture
T11815 30524-30526 PRP denotes It
T11816 30527-30529 VB denotes is
T11817 30530-30534 RB denotes also
T11818 30535-30539 VB denotes used
T11819 30540-30542 IN denotes in
T11820 30543-30552 NN denotes cosmetics
T11821 30553-30556 CC denotes and
T11822 30557-30572 NN denotes pharmaceuticals
T11823 30574-30582 IN denotes Although
T11824 30583-30589 JJ denotes native
T11825 30590-30594 NN denotes form
T11826 30595-30598 NN denotes CGN
T11827 30599-30600 -LRB- denotes (
T11828 30600-30607 CD denotes 200–800
T11829 30608-30611 NN denotes kDa
T11830 30611-30612 -RRB- denotes )
T11831 30613-30616 VB denotes has
T11832 30617-30621 VB denotes been
T11833 30622-30630 VB denotes declared
T11834 30631-30639 JJ denotes harmless
T11835 30640-30642 TO denotes to
T11836 30643-30649 NN denotes humans
T11837 30650-30651 -LRB- denotes [
T11838 30651-30652 CD denotes 8
T11839 30652-30653 -RRB- denotes ]
T11840 30653-30654 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11841 30655-30658 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes its
T11842 30659-30667 JJ denotes degraded
T11843 30668-30673 NN denotes forms
T11844 30674-30675 -LRB- denotes (
T11845 30675-30676 SYM denotes <
T11846 30676-30678 CD denotes 50
T11847 30679-30682 NN denotes kDa
T11848 30682-30683 -RRB- denotes )
T11849 30683-30684 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11850 30685-30689 RB denotes also
T11851 30690-30695 VB denotes known
T11852 30696-30698 IN denotes as
T11853 30699-30709 NN denotes poligeenan
T11854 30709-30710 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11855 30711-30714 VB denotes are
T11856 30715-30721 RB denotes widely
T11857 30722-30726 VB denotes used
T11858 30727-30729 TO denotes to
T11859 30730-30736 VB denotes induce
T11860 30737-30744 NN denotes colitis
T11861 30745-30747 IN denotes in
T11862 30748-30755 NN denotes rodents
T11863 30756-30757 -LRB- denotes [
T11864 30757-30758 CD denotes 3
T11865 30758-30759 -RRB- denotes ]
T11866 30759-30760 CD denotes –
T11867 30760-30761 -LRB- denotes [
T11868 30761-30762 CD denotes 5
T11869 30762-30763 -RRB- denotes ]
T11870 30765-30770 DT denotes These
T11871 30771-30779 VB denotes degraded
T11872 30780-30783 NN denotes CGN
T11873 30784-30787 MD denotes may
T11874 30788-30792 RB denotes also
T11875 30793-30797 VB denotes have
T11876 30798-30799 DT denotes a
T11877 30800-30808 JJ denotes possible
T11878 30809-30821 JJ denotes carcinogenic
T11879 30822-30828 NN denotes effect
T11880 30829-30830 -LRB- denotes [
T11881 30830-30831 CD denotes 4
T11882 30831-30832 -RRB- denotes ]
T11883 30832-30833 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11884 30834-30835 -LRB- denotes [
T11885 30835-30836 CD denotes 6
T11886 30836-30837 -RRB- denotes ]
T11887 30837-30838 -LRB- denotes –
T11888 30838-30839 CD denotes [
T11889 30839-30840 -RRB- denotes 8
T11890 30840-30841 -COLON- denotes ]
T11891 30841-30848 RB denotes ; howev
T11892 30848-30852 DT denotes er t
T11893 30852-30854 VB denotes hi
T11894 30854-30859 RB denotes s is
T11895 30859-30872 JJ denotes still controv
T11896 30880-30888 IN denotes Although
T11897 30889-30893 NN denotes acid
T11898 30894-30903 NN denotes treatment
T11899 30904-30906 IN denotes at
T11900 30907-30911 JJ denotes high
T11901 30912-30923 NN denotes temperature
T11902 30924-30925 -LRB- denotes (
T11903 30925-30929 NN denotes 80°C
T11904 30929-30930 -RRB- denotes )
T11905 30931-30933 VB denotes is
T11906 30934-30942 VB denotes required
T11907 30943-30946 IN denotes for
T11908 30947-30950 NN denotes CGN
T11909 30951-30961 NN denotes hydrolysis
T11910 30962-30964 FW denotes in
T11911 30965-30970 FW denotes vitro
T11912 30971-30973 TO denotes to
T11913 30974-30979 VB denotes lower
T11914 30980-30989 JJ denotes molecular
T11915 30990-30996 NN denotes weight
T11916 30997-31001 NN denotes dCGN
T11917 31001-31002 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11918 31003-31005 PRP denotes it
T11919 31006-31008 VB denotes is
T11920 31009-31017 JJ denotes probable
T11921 31018-31022 IN denotes that
T11922 31023-31027 DT denotes some
T11923 31028-31032 NN denotes dCGN
T11924 31033-31036 VB denotes are
T11925 31037-31045 VB denotes produced
T11926 31046-31048 IN denotes by
T11927 31049-31053 NN denotes acid
T11928 31054-31064 NN denotes hydrolysis
T11929 31065-31071 IN denotes during
T11930 31072-31079 JJ denotes gastric
T11931 31080-31089 NN denotes digestion
T11932 31090-31091 -LRB- denotes [
T11933 31091-31092 CD denotes 9
T11934 31092-31093 -RRB- denotes ]
T11935 31093-31094 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11936 31095-31096 -LRB- denotes [
T11937 31096-31098 CD denotes 10
T11938 31098-31099 -RRB- denotes ]
T11939 31100-31102 CC denotes or
T11940 31103-31114 NN denotes interaction
T11941 31115-31119 IN denotes with
T11942 31120-31130 JJ denotes intestinal
T11943 31131-31139 NN denotes bacteria
T11944 31140-31141 -LRB- denotes [
T11945 31141-31143 CD denotes 11
T11946 31143-31144 -RRB- denotes ]
T11947 31144-31145 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11948 31146-31147 -LRB- denotes [
T11949 31147-31149 CD denotes 12
T11950 31149-31150 -RRB- denotes ]
T11951 31152-31156 RB denotes Thus
T11952 31156-31157 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11953 31158-31171 VB denotes understanding
T11954 31172-31175 DT denotes the
T11955 31176-31186 NN denotes mechanisms
T11956 31187-31189 IN denotes of
T11957 31190-31202 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T11958 31203-31208 NN denotes bowel
T11959 31209-31221 NN denotes inflammation
T11960 31222-31224 VB denotes is
T11961 31225-31227 IN denotes of
T11962 31228-31233 JJ denotes great
T11963 31234-31244 NN denotes importance
T11964 31246-31248 IN denotes In
T11965 31249-31253 DT denotes this
T11966 31254-31260 NN denotes report
T11967 31260-31261 -COMMA- denotes ,
T11968 31262-31264 PRP denotes we
T11969 31265-31269 VB denotes have
T11970 31270-31278 VB denotes analyzed
T11971 31279-31282 DT denotes the
T11972 31283-31287 NN denotes role
T11973 31288-31290 IN denotes of
T11974 31291-31296 JJ denotes human
T11975 31297-31306 NN denotes monocytes
T11976 31307-31308 -LRB- denotes (
T11977 31308-31311 NN denotes PBM
T11978 31312-31315 CC denotes and
T11979 31316-31321 NN denotes THP-1
T11980 31321-31322 -RRB- denotes )
T11981 31323-31325 IN denotes in
T11982 31326-31338 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T11983 31339-31351 NN denotes inflammation
T11984 31353-31364 JJ denotes Preliminary
T11985 31365-31367 FW denotes in
T11986 31368-31372 FW denotes vivo
T11987 31373-31380 NN denotes studies
T11988 31381-31383 IN denotes in
T11989 31384-31388 NN denotes rats
T11990 31389-31396 VB denotes treated
T11991 31397-31401 IN denotes with
T11992 31402-31406 NN denotes dCGN
T11993 31407-31415 VB denotes revealed
T11994 31416-31427 JJ denotes significant
T11995 31428-31438 NN denotes shortening
T11996 31439-31441 IN denotes of
T11997 31442-31445 DT denotes the
T11998 31446-31451 JJ denotes large
T11999 31452-31461 NN denotes intestine
T12000 31462-31472 VB denotes associated
T12001 31473-31477 IN denotes with
T12002 31478-31480 DT denotes an
T12003 31481-31493 JJ denotes inflammatory
T12004 31494-31499 NN denotes state
T12005 31499-31500 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12006 31501-31505 FW denotes i.e.
T12007 31506-31512 JJ denotes strong
T12008 31513-31525 NN denotes infiltration
T12009 31526-31528 IN denotes of
T12010 31529-31540 NN denotes macrophages
T12011 31541-31543 TO denotes to
T12012 31544-31547 DT denotes the
T12013 31548-31558 JJ denotes intestinal
T12014 31559-31565 NN denotes mucosa
T12015 31566-31573 JJ denotes similar
T12016 31574-31576 TO denotes to
T12017 31577-31588 JJ denotes DSS-induced
T12018 31589-31601 NN denotes inflammation
T12019 31602-31603 -LRB- denotes [
T12020 31603-31605 CD denotes 20
T12021 31605-31606 -RRB- denotes ]
T12022 31608-31613 VB denotes Using
T12023 31614-31617 CD denotes two
T12024 31618-31627 NN denotes fractions
T12025 31628-31630 IN denotes of
T12026 31631-31635 NN denotes dCGN
T12027 31636-31637 -LRB- denotes (
T12028 31637-31639 CD denotes 10
T12029 31640-31643 CC denotes and
T12030 31644-31646 CD denotes 40
T12031 31647-31650 NN denotes kDa
T12032 31650-31651 -RRB- denotes )
T12033 31651-31652 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12034 31653-31655 PRP denotes we
T12035 31656-31664 VB denotes observed
T12036 31665-31666 DT denotes a
T12037 31667-31673 JJ denotes strong
T12038 31674-31685 NN denotes correlation
T12039 31686-31693 IN denotes between
T12040 31694-31697 DT denotes the
T12041 31698-31706 NN denotes severity
T12042 31707-31709 IN denotes of
T12043 31710-31713 DT denotes the
T12044 31714-31726 NN denotes inflammation
T12045 31727-31730 CC denotes and
T12046 31731-31734 DT denotes the
T12047 31735-31739 NN denotes dCGN
T12048 31740-31749 JJ denotes molecular
T12049 31750-31754 NN denotes size
T12050 31754-31755 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12051 31756-31760 RB denotes thus
T12052 31761-31771 VB denotes confirming
T12053 31772-31775 DT denotes the
T12054 31776-31780 NN denotes size
T12055 31781-31788 JJ denotes related
T12056 31789-31801 NN denotes inflammation
T12057 31802-31804 FW denotes in
T12058 31805-31809 FW denotes vivo
T12059 31811-31815 DT denotes This
T12060 31816-31826 NN denotes macrophage
T12061 31827-31839 NN denotes accumulation
T12062 31840-31843 VB denotes was
T12063 31844-31847 RB denotes not
T12064 31848-31851 JJ denotes due
T12065 31852-31854 TO denotes to
T12066 31855-31859 NN denotes cell
T12067 31860-31873 NN denotes proliferation
T12068 31874-31881 IN denotes because
T12069 31882-31886 NN denotes dCGN
T12070 31887-31896 VB denotes inhibited
T12071 31897-31902 NN denotes THP-1
T12072 31903-31912 NN denotes monocytes
T12073 31913-31926 NN denotes proliferation
T12074 31927-31929 FW denotes in
T12075 31930-31935 FW denotes vitro
T12076 31937-31942 DT denotes These
T12077 31943-31950 NN denotes results
T12078 31951-31954 VB denotes are
T12079 31955-31962 JJ denotes similar
T12080 31963-31965 TO denotes to
T12081 31966-31971 DT denotes those
T12082 31972-31980 VB denotes obtained
T12083 31981-31985 IN denotes with
T12084 31986-31991 JJ denotes human
T12085 31992-31999 JJ denotes colonic
T12086 32000-32010 JJ denotes epithelial
T12087 32011-32016 NN denotes cells
T12088 32017-32018 -LRB- denotes (
T12089 32018-32024 NN denotes NCM460
T12090 32025-32029 NN denotes cell
T12091 32030-32034 NN denotes line
T12092 32034-32035 -RRB- denotes )
T12093 32036-32043 VB denotes exposed
T12094 32044-32046 TO denotes to
T12095 32047-32053 JJ denotes native
T12096 32054-32057 NN denotes CGN
T12097 32058-32061 IN denotes for
T12098 32062-32065 CD denotes 1–8
T12099 32066-32070 NN denotes days
T12100 32071-32072 -LRB- denotes [
T12101 32072-32074 CD denotes 37
T12102 32074-32075 -RRB- denotes ]
T12103 32077-32081 RB denotes Thus
T12104 32081-32082 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12105 32083-32085 PRP denotes it
T12106 32086-32091 VB denotes seems
T12107 32092-32096 IN denotes that
T12108 32097-32101 NN denotes dCGN
T12109 32102-32109 VB denotes promote
T12110 32110-32120 NN denotes macrophage
T12111 32121-32133 NN denotes infiltration
T12112 32134-32136 IN denotes by
T12113 32137-32147 VB denotes recruiting
T12114 32148-32151 JJ denotes new
T12115 32152-32157 NN denotes cells
T12116 32158-32160 TO denotes to
T12117 32161-32164 DT denotes the
T12118 32165-32173 JJ denotes inflamed
T12119 32174-32184 JJ denotes intestinal
T12120 32185-32191 NN denotes mucosa
T12121 32192-32195 CC denotes and
T12122 32196-32199 RB denotes not
T12123 32200-32202 IN denotes by
T12124 32203-32211 VB denotes inducing
T12125 32212-32216 NN denotes cell
T12126 32217-32230 NN denotes proliferation
T12127 32232-32234 IN denotes In
T12128 32235-32243 NN denotes addition
T12129 32243-32244 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12130 32245-32249 RB denotes very
T12131 32250-32253 JJ denotes few
T12132 32254-32271 JJ denotes polymorphonuclear
T12133 32272-32277 NN denotes cells
T12134 32278-32282 VB denotes were
T12135 32283-32291 VB denotes detected
T12136 32292-32294 IN denotes in
T12137 32295-32298 DT denotes the
T12138 32299-32305 NN denotes mucosa
T12139 32306-32308 IN denotes at
T12140 32309-32312 DT denotes the
T12141 32313-32317 NN denotes time
T12142 32318-32323 NN denotes point
T12143 32324-32332 VB denotes analyzed
T12144 32333-32335 IN denotes as
T12145 32336-32348 VB denotes demonstrated
T12146 32349-32351 IN denotes by
T12147 32352-32353 DT denotes a
T12148 32354-32358 RB denotes very
T12149 32359-32362 JJ denotes low
T12150 32363-32368 NN denotes level
T12151 32369-32371 IN denotes of
T12152 32372-32375 NN denotes MPO
T12153 32376-32378 IN denotes in
T12154 32379-32382 DT denotes the
T12155 32383-32393 JJ denotes intestinal
T12156 32394-32400 NN denotes tissue
T12157 32402-32407 DT denotes These
T12158 32408-32415 NN denotes results
T12159 32416-32423 VB denotes suggest
T12160 32424-32428 IN denotes that
T12161 32429-32438 NN denotes monocytes
T12162 32439-32444 MD denotes might
T12163 32445-32452 VB denotes produce
T12164 32453-32462 NN denotes cytokines
T12165 32463-32473 VB denotes associated
T12166 32474-32478 IN denotes with
T12167 32479-32489 NN denotes activation
T12168 32490-32494 IN denotes into
T12169 32495-32506 NN denotes macrophages
T12170 32507-32509 IN denotes in
T12171 32510-32518 NN denotes response
T12172 32519-32521 TO denotes to
T12173 32522-32526 NN denotes dCGN
T12174 32528-32532 RB denotes Thus
T12175 32532-32533 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12176 32534-32536 PRP denotes we
T12177 32537-32545 VB denotes analyzed
T12178 32546-32549 DT denotes the
T12179 32550-32560 NN denotes production
T12180 32561-32563 IN denotes of
T12181 32564-32567 NN denotes TNF
T12182 32568-32570 IN denotes by
T12183 32571-32575 CC denotes both
T12184 32576-32579 NN denotes PBM
T12185 32580-32583 CC denotes and
T12186 32584-32589 NN denotes THP-1
T12187 32590-32595 NN denotes cells
T12188 32596-32598 IN denotes in
T12189 32599-32607 NN denotes response
T12190 32608-32610 TO denotes to
T12191 32611-32615 NN denotes dCGN
T12192 32617-32625 VB denotes Degraded
T12193 32626-32629 NN denotes CGN
T12194 32630-32637 VB denotes induced
T12195 32638-32639 DT denotes a
T12196 32640-32646 JJ denotes robust
T12197 32647-32657 NN denotes production
T12198 32658-32660 IN denotes of
T12199 32661-32664 NN denotes TNF
T12200 32665-32667 IN denotes by
T12201 32668-32677 NN denotes monocytes
T12202 32679-32682 DT denotes The
T12203 32683-32685 CD denotes 40
T12204 32686-32689 NN denotes kDa
T12205 32690-32694 NN denotes form
T12206 32695-32697 IN denotes of
T12207 32698-32702 NN denotes dCGN
T12208 32703-32706 VB denotes was
T12209 32707-32711 RB denotes more
T12210 32712-32718 JJ denotes potent
T12211 32719-32722 IN denotes for
T12212 32723-32731 NN denotes monocyte
T12213 32732-32743 NN denotes stimulation
T12214 32744-32748 IN denotes than
T12215 32749-32752 DT denotes the
T12216 32753-32755 CD denotes 10
T12217 32756-32759 NN denotes kDa
T12218 32760-32762 CC denotes or
T12219 32763-32766 DT denotes the
T12220 32767-32773 JJ denotes native
T12221 32774-32778 NN denotes ones
T12222 32780-32792 RB denotes Surprisingly
T12223 32792-32793 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12224 32794-32802 NN denotes monocyte
T12225 32803-32813 NN denotes activation
T12226 32814-32816 IN denotes by
T12227 32817-32821 NN denotes dCGN
T12228 32822-32824 TO denotes to
T12229 32825-32832 VB denotes produce
T12230 32833-32836 NN denotes TNF
T12231 32837-32840 VB denotes was
T12232 32841-32845 RB denotes much
T12233 32846-32854 JJ denotes stronger
T12234 32855-32859 IN denotes than
T12235 32860-32863 DT denotes the
T12236 32864-32874 NN denotes activation
T12237 32875-32882 VB denotes induced
T12238 32883-32885 IN denotes by
T12239 32886-32889 NN denotes LPS
T12240 32889-32890 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12241 32891-32893 DT denotes an
T12242 32894-32906 JJ denotes inflammatory
T12243 32907-32913 NN denotes factor
T12244 32914-32924 VB denotes considered
T12245 32925-32927 TO denotes to
T12246 32928-32930 VB denotes be
T12247 32931-32936 IN denotes among
T12248 32937-32940 DT denotes the
T12249 32941-32945 RB denotes most
T12250 32946-32952 JJ denotes potent
T12251 32953-32960 NN denotes stimuli
T12252 32961-32964 IN denotes for
T12253 32965-32974 NN denotes leukocyte
T12254 32975-32985 NN denotes activation
T12255 32987-32992 DT denotes These
T12256 32993-33000 NN denotes results
T12257 33001-33010 VB denotes underline
T12258 33011-33014 DT denotes the
T12259 33015-33019 NN denotes fact
T12260 33020-33024 IN denotes that
T12261 33025-33034 RB denotes partially
T12262 33035-33043 VB denotes degraded
T12263 33044-33049 NN denotes forms
T12264 33050-33052 IN denotes of
T12265 33053-33056 NN denotes CGN
T12266 33057-33061 VB denotes have
T12267 33062-33071 JJ denotes important
T12268 33072-33080 JJ denotes cellular
T12269 33081-33088 NN denotes effects
T12270 33090-33093 DT denotes The
T12271 33094-33100 NN denotes amount
T12272 33101-33103 IN denotes of
T12273 33104-33107 NN denotes TNF
T12274 33108-33116 VB denotes secreted
T12275 33117-33119 IN denotes by
T12276 33120-33123 NN denotes PBM
T12277 33124-33131 VB denotes induced
T12278 33132-33136 IN denotes with
T12279 33137-33140 NN denotes LPS
T12280 33141-33144 VB denotes was
T12281 33145-33149 RB denotes much
T12282 33150-33156 JJ denotes larger
T12283 33157-33161 IN denotes than
T12284 33162-33165 DT denotes the
T12285 33166-33169 CD denotes one
T12286 33170-33178 VB denotes secreted
T12287 33179-33181 IN denotes by
T12288 33182-33187 NN denotes THP-1
T12289 33188-33197 NN denotes monocytes
T12290 33199-33204 IN denotes Since
T12291 33205-33213 NN denotes monocyte
T12292 33214-33224 NN denotes activation
T12293 33225-33227 IN denotes by
T12294 33228-33231 NN denotes LPS
T12295 33232-33234 VB denotes is
T12296 33235-33245 VB denotes associated
T12297 33246-33250 IN denotes with
T12298 33251-33254 DT denotes the
T12299 33255-33263 NN denotes presence
T12300 33264-33266 IN denotes of
T12301 33267-33270 DT denotes the
T12302 33271-33275 NN denotes CD14
T12303 33276-33279 CC denotes and
T12304 33280-33284 NN denotes TLR4
T12305 33285-33294 NN denotes receptors
T12306 33295-33296 -LRB- denotes [
T12307 33296-33298 CD denotes 38
T12308 33298-33299 -RRB- denotes ]
T12309 33299-33300 CD denotes –
T12310 33300-33301 -LRB- denotes [
T12311 33301-33303 CD denotes 40
T12312 33303-33304 -RRB- denotes ]
T12313 33304-33305 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12314 33306-33309 DT denotes the
T12315 33310-33319 JJ denotes different
T12316 33320-33328 NN denotes response
T12317 33329-33337 VB denotes observed
T12318 33338-33343 MD denotes could
T12319 33344-33346 VB denotes be
T12320 33347-33350 JJ denotes due
T12321 33351-33353 TO denotes to
T12322 33354-33357 DT denotes the
T12323 33358-33367 JJ denotes different
T12324 33368-33378 NN denotes expression
T12325 33379-33381 IN denotes of
T12326 33382-33387 DT denotes these
T12327 33388-33397 NN denotes receptors
T12328 33398-33400 IN denotes in
T12329 33401-33404 NN denotes PBM
T12330 33405-33408 CC denotes and
T12331 33409-33414 NN denotes THP-1
T12332 33415-33420 NN denotes cells
T12333 33422-33426 NN denotes CD14
T12334 33427-33429 VB denotes is
T12335 33430-33433 RB denotes not
T12336 33434-33443 VB denotes expressed
T12337 33444-33446 IN denotes by
T12338 33447-33452 NN denotes THP-1
T12339 33453-33462 NN denotes monocytes
T12340 33462-33463 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12341 33464-33467 CC denotes but
T12342 33468-33470 PRP denotes it
T12343 33471-33473 VB denotes is
T12344 33474-33483 VB denotes expressed
T12345 33484-33486 IN denotes by
T12346 33487-33490 NN denotes PBM
T12347 33492-33496 DT denotes This
T12348 33497-33501 NN denotes fact
T12349 33502-33507 MD denotes could
T12350 33508-33515 VB denotes explain
T12351 33516-33519 WRB denotes why
T12352 33520-33525 NN denotes THP-1
T12353 33526-33531 NN denotes cells
T12354 33532-33540 VB denotes produced
T12355 33541-33542 DT denotes a
T12356 33543-33547 RB denotes much
T12357 33548-33555 JJ denotes smaller
T12358 33556-33564 NN denotes response
T12359 33565-33567 TO denotes to
T12360 33568-33571 NN denotes LPS
T12361 33572-33576 IN denotes than
T12362 33577-33580 NN denotes PBM
T12363 33581-33584 CC denotes and
T12364 33585-33589 RB denotes also
T12365 33590-33593 DT denotes the
T12366 33594-33604 NN denotes difference
T12367 33605-33607 IN denotes of
T12368 33608-33616 NN denotes kinetics
T12369 33617-33619 IN denotes in
T12370 33620-33623 DT denotes the
T12371 33624-33627 NN denotes LPS
T12372 33628-33635 VB denotes induced
T12373 33636-33639 NN denotes TNF
T12374 33640-33649 NN denotes secretion
T12375 33651-33654 DT denotes The
T12376 33655-33659 NN denotes peak
T12377 33660-33662 IN denotes of
T12378 33663-33666 NN denotes TNF
T12379 33667-33675 NN denotes response
T12380 33676-33679 VB denotes was
T12381 33680-33688 VB denotes observed
T12382 33689-33694 IN denotes after
T12383 33695-33696 CD denotes 8
T12384 33697-33698 NN denotes h
T12385 33699-33710 NN denotes stimulation
T12386 33711-33719 VB denotes followed
T12387 33720-33722 IN denotes by
T12388 33723-33724 DT denotes a
T12389 33725-33730 JJ denotes rapid
T12390 33731-33739 NN denotes decrease
T12391 33740-33742 TO denotes to
T12392 33743-33751 NN denotes baseline
T12393 33752-33754 IN denotes at
T12394 33755-33757 CD denotes 10
T12395 33758-33759 NN denotes h
T12396 33759-33760 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12397 33761-33768 IN denotes whereas
T12398 33769-33771 IN denotes on
T12399 33772-33777 NN denotes THP-1
T12400 33778-33783 NN denotes cells
T12401 33784-33787 DT denotes the
T12402 33788-33792 NN denotes peak
T12403 33793-33796 VB denotes was
T12404 33797-33800 RB denotes not
T12405 33801-33808 VB denotes reached
T12406 33809-33814 IN denotes until
T12407 33815-33820 IN denotes after
T12408 33821-33823 CD denotes 56
T12409 33824-33825 NN denotes h
T12410 33827-33835 RB denotes Moreover
T12411 33835-33836 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12412 33837-33840 DT denotes the
T12413 33841-33847 NN denotes amount
T12414 33848-33850 IN denotes of
T12415 33851-33854 NN denotes TNF
T12416 33855-33863 VB denotes secreted
T12417 33864-33866 IN denotes by
T12418 33867-33876 NN denotes monocytes
T12419 33877-33884 VB denotes induced
T12420 33885-33889 IN denotes with
T12421 33890-33894 NN denotes dCGN
T12422 33895-33898 VB denotes was
T12423 33899-33903 RB denotes much
T12424 33904-33910 JJ denotes larger
T12425 33911-33915 IN denotes than
T12426 33916-33919 DT denotes the
T12427 33920-33923 NN denotes one
T12428 33924-33931 VB denotes induced
T12429 33932-33934 IN denotes by
T12430 33935-33938 NN denotes LPS
T12431 33940-33942 IN denotes On
T12432 33943-33946 DT denotes the
T12433 33947-33952 JJ denotes other
T12434 33953-33957 NN denotes hand
T12435 33957-33958 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12436 33959-33962 NN denotes LPS
T12437 33963-33966 CC denotes and
T12438 33967-33971 NN denotes dCGN
T12439 33972-33981 VB denotes displayed
T12440 33982-33983 DT denotes a
T12441 33984-33988 RB denotes very
T12442 33989-33998 JJ denotes different
T12443 33999-34002 NN denotes TNF
T12444 34003-34012 NN denotes secretion
T12445 34013-34018 NN denotes curve
T12446 34019-34021 IN denotes in
T12447 34022-34027 NN denotes THP-1
T12448 34028-34033 NN denotes cells
T12449 34035-34040 DT denotes These
T12450 34041-34052 NN denotes differences
T12451 34053-34060 VB denotes suggest
T12452 34061-34065 IN denotes that
T12453 34066-34070 NN denotes dCGN
T12454 34071-34074 CC denotes and
T12455 34075-34078 NN denotes LPS
T12456 34079-34084 MD denotes could
T12457 34085-34088 VB denotes use
T12458 34089-34098 JJ denotes different
T12459 34099-34109 NN denotes activation
T12460 34110-34120 NN denotes mechanisms
T12461 34122-34124 PRP denotes It
T12462 34125-34127 VB denotes is
T12463 34128-34138 JJ denotes noteworthy
T12464 34139-34143 IN denotes that
T12465 34144-34156 VB denotes neutralizing
T12466 34157-34165 NN denotes antibody
T12467 34166-34168 TO denotes to
T12468 34169-34173 NN denotes CD14
T12469 34174-34178 RB denotes only
T12470 34179-34188 RB denotes partially
T12471 34189-34190 -LRB- denotes (
T12472 34190-34191 SYM denotes <
T12473 34191-34193 CD denotes 40
T12474 34193-34194 NN denotes %
T12475 34194-34195 -RRB- denotes )
T12476 34196-34205 VB denotes inhibited
T12477 34206-34218 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T12478 34219-34222 NN denotes TNF
T12479 34223-34232 NN denotes secretion
T12480 34233-34234 -LRB- denotes (
T12481 34234-34237 RB denotes not
T12482 34238-34243 VB denotes shown
T12483 34243-34244 -RRB- denotes )
T12484 34246-34250 NN denotes TLR4
T12485 34251-34254 VB denotes has
T12486 34255-34259 VB denotes been
T12487 34260-34268 RB denotes recently
T12488 34269-34279 VB denotes identified
T12489 34280-34282 IN denotes as
T12490 34283-34284 DT denotes a
T12491 34285-34292 NN denotes surface
T12492 34293-34301 NN denotes membrane
T12493 34302-34310 NN denotes receptor
T12494 34311-34314 IN denotes for
T12495 34315-34318 NN denotes CGN
T12496 34319-34321 IN denotes in
T12497 34322-34327 JJ denotes human
T12498 34328-34335 JJ denotes colonic
T12499 34336-34346 JJ denotes epithelial
T12500 34347-34352 NN denotes cells
T12501 34353-34354 -LRB- denotes [
T12502 34354-34356 CD denotes 41
T12503 34356-34357 -RRB- denotes ]
T12504 34359-34363 RB denotes Thus
T12505 34363-34364 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12506 34365-34367 PRP denotes it
T12507 34368-34370 VB denotes is
T12508 34371-34379 JJ denotes possible
T12509 34380-34384 IN denotes that
T12510 34385-34389 NN denotes TLR4
T12511 34390-34392 VB denotes is
T12512 34393-34402 VB denotes activated
T12513 34403-34405 IN denotes by
T12514 34406-34410 NN denotes dCGN
T12515 34411-34413 TO denotes to
T12516 34414-34420 VB denotes induce
T12517 34421-34429 NN denotes cytokine
T12518 34430-34439 NN denotes secretion
T12519 34440-34442 IN denotes by
T12520 34443-34452 NN denotes monocytes
T12521 34454-34456 PRP denotes We
T12522 34457-34460 MD denotes can
T12523 34461-34465 RB denotes only
T12524 34466-34475 VB denotes speculate
T12525 34476-34480 IN denotes that
T12526 34481-34485 NN denotes TLR4
T12527 34486-34489 MD denotes may
T12528 34490-34494 VB denotes have
T12529 34495-34496 DT denotes a
T12530 34497-34503 JJ denotes higher
T12531 34504-34520 JJ denotes affinity-binding
T12532 34521-34525 NN denotes site
T12533 34526-34529 IN denotes for
T12534 34530-34534 NN denotes dCGN
T12535 34535-34539 IN denotes than
T12536 34540-34543 IN denotes for
T12537 34544-34547 NN denotes LPS
T12538 34547-34548 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12539 34549-34556 RB denotes however
T12540 34556-34557 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12541 34558-34562 DT denotes this
T12542 34563-34573 NN denotes hypothesis
T12543 34574-34581 VB denotes remains
T12544 34582-34584 TO denotes to
T12545 34585-34587 VB denotes be
T12546 34588-34594 VB denotes tested
T12547 34596-34603 DT denotes Another
T12548 34604-34613 NN denotes indicator
T12549 34614-34618 IN denotes that
T12550 34619-34623 NN denotes dCGN
T12551 34624-34633 VB denotes stimulate
T12552 34634-34643 NN denotes monocytes
T12553 34644-34651 VB denotes leading
T12554 34652-34654 TO denotes to
T12555 34655-34656 DT denotes a
T12556 34657-34661 RB denotes more
T12557 34662-34668 JJ denotes active
T12558 34669-34678 NN denotes phenotype
T12559 34679-34681 VB denotes is
T12560 34682-34685 DT denotes the
T12561 34686-34690 NN denotes fact
T12562 34691-34695 IN denotes that
T12563 34696-34703 NN denotes surface
T12564 34704-34714 NN denotes expression
T12565 34715-34717 IN denotes of
T12566 34718-34721 DT denotes the
T12567 34722-34730 NN denotes adhesion
T12568 34731-34739 NN denotes molecule
T12569 34740-34746 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12570 34747-34750 VB denotes was
T12571 34751-34759 VB denotes enhanced
T12572 34760-34762 IN denotes in
T12573 34763-34767 CC denotes both
T12574 34768-34771 NN denotes PBM
T12575 34772-34775 CC denotes and
T12576 34776-34781 NN denotes THP-1
T12577 34782-34787 NN denotes cells
T12578 34789-34792 DT denotes The
T12579 34793-34797 IN denotes over
T12580 34798-34808 NN denotes expression
T12581 34809-34811 IN denotes of
T12582 34812-34818 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12583 34819-34825 VB denotes caused
T12584 34826-34829 DT denotes the
T12585 34830-34839 VB denotes activated
T12586 34840-34849 NN denotes monocytes
T12587 34850-34852 TO denotes to
T12588 34853-34857 VB denotes form
T12589 34858-34862 NN denotes cell
T12590 34863-34873 NN denotes aggregates
T12591 34874-34878 WDT denotes that
T12592 34879-34883 VB denotes were
T12593 34884-34888 RB denotes more
T12594 34889-34897 JJ denotes abundant
T12595 34898-34903 IN denotes among
T12596 34904-34909 NN denotes cells
T12597 34910-34917 VB denotes treated
T12598 34918-34922 IN denotes with
T12599 34923-34926 DT denotes the
T12600 34927-34929 CD denotes 40
T12601 34930-34933 NN denotes kDa
T12602 34934-34938 NN denotes dCGN
T12603 34940-34944 DT denotes This
T12604 34945-34955 VB denotes correlates
T12605 34956-34960 IN denotes with
T12606 34961-34964 DT denotes the
T12607 34965-34971 JJ denotes higher
T12608 34972-34982 NN denotes expression
T12609 34983-34985 IN denotes of
T12610 34986-34992 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12611 34993-35000 VB denotes induced
T12612 35001-35003 IN denotes by
T12613 35004-35007 DT denotes the
T12614 35008-35010 CD denotes 40
T12615 35011-35014 NN denotes kDa
T12616 35015-35019 NN denotes dCGN
T12617 35019-35020 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12618 35021-35031 VB denotes suggesting
T12619 35032-35036 IN denotes that
T12620 35037-35040 DT denotes the
T12621 35041-35050 RB denotes partially
T12622 35051-35059 VB denotes degraded
T12623 35060-35063 NN denotes CGN
T12624 35064-35066 VB denotes is
T12625 35067-35071 RB denotes more
T12626 35072-35084 RB denotes biologically
T12627 35085-35091 JJ denotes active
T12628 35093-35095 IN denotes In
T12629 35096-35104 NN denotes addition
T12630 35104-35105 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12631 35106-35109 DT denotes the
T12632 35110-35114 NN denotes cell
T12633 35115-35125 NN denotes aggregates
T12634 35126-35129 VB denotes are
T12635 35130-35141 JJ denotes reminiscent
T12636 35142-35144 IN denotes of
T12637 35145-35153 NN denotes monocyte
T12638 35154-35164 NN denotes aggregates
T12639 35164-35165 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12640 35166-35171 WDT denotes which
T12641 35172-35176 VB denotes form
T12642 35177-35191 JJ denotes multinucleated
T12643 35192-35197 JJ denotes giant
T12644 35198-35203 NN denotes cells
T12645 35204-35205 -LRB- denotes (
T12646 35205-35208 NN denotes MGC
T12647 35208-35209 -RRB- denotes )
T12648 35210-35212 IN denotes in
T12649 35213-35221 NN denotes patients
T12650 35222-35226 IN denotes with
T12651 35227-35232 NN denotes Crohn
T12652 35232-35234 POS denotes 's
T12653 35235-35242 NN denotes disease
T12654 35243-35244 -LRB- denotes [
T12655 35244-35246 CD denotes 42
T12656 35246-35247 -RRB- denotes ]
T12657 35249-35254 DT denotes These
T12658 35255-35260 JJ denotes giant
T12659 35261-35266 NN denotes cells
T12660 35267-35271 VB denotes were
T12661 35272-35275 RB denotes not
T12662 35276-35284 VB denotes observed
T12663 35285-35287 IN denotes in
T12664 35288-35295 JJ denotes healthy
T12665 35296-35307 NN denotes individuals
T12666 35308-35310 CC denotes or
T12667 35311-35313 IN denotes in
T12668 35314-35322 NN denotes patients
T12669 35323-35327 IN denotes with
T12670 35328-35338 JJ denotes ulcerative
T12671 35339-35346 NN denotes colitis
T12672 35347-35348 -LRB- denotes [
T12673 35348-35350 CD denotes 42
T12674 35350-35351 -RRB- denotes ]
T12675 35353-35361 RB denotes Moreover
T12676 35361-35362 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12677 35363-35372 VB denotes increased
T12678 35373-35383 NN denotes expression
T12679 35384-35390 NN denotes levels
T12680 35391-35393 IN denotes of
T12681 35394-35400 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12682 35401-35404 CC denotes and
T12683 35405-35410 NN denotes LFA-3
T12684 35411-35412 -LRB- denotes (
T12685 35412-35416 NN denotes CD58
T12686 35416-35417 -RRB- denotes )
T12687 35418-35422 VB denotes were
T12688 35423-35427 RB denotes also
T12689 35428-35436 VB denotes detected
T12690 35437-35439 IN denotes in
T12691 35440-35449 NN denotes monocytes
T12692 35450-35454 IN denotes from
T12693 35455-35463 NN denotes patients
T12694 35464-35468 IN denotes with
T12695 35469-35474 NN denotes Crohn
T12696 35474-35476 POS denotes 's
T12697 35477-35484 NN denotes disease
T12698 35485-35486 -LRB- denotes [
T12699 35486-35488 CD denotes 43
T12700 35488-35489 -RRB- denotes ]
T12701 35489-35490 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12702 35491-35492 -LRB- denotes [
T12703 35492-35494 CD denotes 44
T12704 35494-35495 -RRB- denotes ]
T12705 35497-35501 RB denotes Thus
T12706 35501-35502 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12707 35503-35511 VB denotes degraded
T12708 35512-35515 NN denotes CGN
T12709 35516-35523 RB denotes clearly
T12710 35524-35527 MD denotes can
T12711 35528-35536 VB denotes activate
T12712 35537-35546 NN denotes monocytes
T12713 35547-35549 TO denotes to
T12714 35550-35557 VB denotes express
T12715 35558-35560 DT denotes an
T12716 35561-35570 VB denotes increased
T12717 35571-35577 NN denotes number
T12718 35578-35580 IN denotes of
T12719 35581-35587 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12720 35588-35596 NN denotes adhesion
T12721 35597-35606 NN denotes molecules
T12722 35606-35607 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12723 35608-35617 RB denotes therefore
T12724 35618-35623 VB denotes being
T12725 35624-35631 JJ denotes capable
T12726 35632-35634 IN denotes of
T12727 35635-35643 VB denotes creating
T12728 35644-35647 DT denotes the
T12729 35648-35658 NN denotes conditions
T12730 35659-35673 JJ denotes characteristic
T12731 35674-35676 IN denotes of
T12732 35677-35682 NN denotes Crohn
T12733 35682-35684 POS denotes 's
T12734 35685-35692 NN denotes disease
T12735 35693-35707 NN denotes symptomatology
T12736 35707-35708 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12737 35709-35713 FW denotes i.e.
T12738 35714-35717 NN denotes PBM
T12739 35718-35730 NN denotes accumulation
T12740 35731-35734 CC denotes and
T12741 35735-35738 NN denotes MGC
T12742 35739-35748 NN denotes formation
T12743 35749-35750 -LRB- denotes [
T12744 35750-35752 CD denotes 45
T12745 35752-35753 -RRB- denotes ]
T12746 35753-35754 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12747 35755-35756 -LRB- denotes [
T12748 35756-35758 CD denotes 46
T12749 35758-35759 -RRB- denotes ]
T12750 35761-35764 DT denotes The
T12751 35765-35770 NN denotes NF-κB
T12752 35771-35778 NN denotes pathway
T12753 35779-35788 VB denotes regulates
T12754 35789-35794 NN denotes genes
T12755 35795-35806 JJ denotes responsible
T12756 35807-35810 IN denotes for
T12757 35811-35817 NN denotes ICAM-1
T12758 35818-35821 CC denotes and
T12759 35822-35827 NN denotes TNF-α
T12760 35828-35838 NN denotes expression
T12761 35840-35845 NN denotes NF-κB
T12762 35846-35856 NN denotes activation
T12763 35857-35859 VB denotes is
T12764 35860-35870 VB denotes associated
T12765 35871-35875 IN denotes with
T12766 35876-35879 DT denotes the
T12767 35880-35891 NN denotes degradation
T12768 35892-35894 IN denotes of
T12769 35895-35898 DT denotes the
T12770 35899-35908 NN denotes inhibitor
T12771 35909-35916 NN denotes protein
T12772 35917-35920 NN denotes IκB
T12773 35921-35922 -LRB- denotes [
T12774 35922-35924 CD denotes 47
T12775 35924-35925 -RRB- denotes ]
T12776 35927-35933 RB denotes Indeed
T12777 35933-35934 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12778 35935-35939 NN denotes dCGN
T12779 35940-35947 VB denotes induced
T12780 35948-35953 NN denotes NF-κB
T12781 35954-35964 NN denotes activation
T12782 35965-35967 IN denotes as
T12783 35968-35973 VB denotes shown
T12784 35974-35976 IN denotes by
T12785 35977-35988 NN denotes degradation
T12786 35989-35991 IN denotes of
T12787 35992-35996 NN denotes IκBα
T12788 35996-35997 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12789 35998-36011 NN denotes translocation
T12790 36012-36014 IN denotes of
T12791 36015-36018 NN denotes p65
T12792 36019-36022 CC denotes and
T12793 36023-36026 NN denotes p50
T12794 36027-36036 NN denotes sub-units
T12795 36037-36039 TO denotes to
T12796 36040-36043 DT denotes the
T12797 36044-36051 NN denotes nucleus
T12798 36052-36055 CC denotes and
T12799 36056-36058 IN denotes by
T12800 36059-36069 NN denotes activation
T12801 36070-36072 IN denotes of
T12802 36073-36075 DT denotes an
T12803 36076-36092 JJ denotes NF-κB-responsive
T12804 36093-36103 NN denotes luciferase
T12805 36104-36112 NN denotes reporter
T12806 36113-36120 NN denotes plasmid
T12807 36122-36127 RB denotes Again
T12808 36127-36128 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12809 36129-36130 DT denotes a
T12810 36131-36139 JJ denotes stronger
T12811 36140-36150 NN denotes activation
T12812 36151-36153 IN denotes of
T12813 36154-36159 NN denotes NF-κB
T12814 36160-36163 VB denotes was
T12815 36164-36171 VB denotes induced
T12816 36172-36174 IN denotes by
T12817 36175-36178 DT denotes the
T12818 36179-36181 CD denotes 40
T12819 36182-36185 NN denotes kDa
T12820 36186-36190 NN denotes dCGN
T12821 36191-36199 VB denotes compared
T12822 36200-36202 TO denotes to
T12823 36203-36205 CD denotes 10
T12824 36206-36209 NN denotes kDa
T12825 36210-36214 NN denotes dCGN
T12826 36214-36215 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12827 36216-36226 VB denotes suggesting
T12828 36227-36231 IN denotes that
T12829 36232-36235 DT denotes the
T12830 36236-36245 RB denotes partially
T12831 36246-36254 VB denotes degraded
T12832 36255-36258 NN denotes CGN
T12833 36259-36261 VB denotes is
T12834 36262-36266 RB denotes more
T12835 36267-36279 RB denotes biologically
T12836 36280-36286 JJ denotes active
T12837 36288-36291 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes Our
T12838 36292-36296 NN denotes data
T12839 36297-36300 VB denotes are
T12840 36301-36303 IN denotes in
T12841 36304-36313 NN denotes agreement
T12842 36314-36318 IN denotes with
T12843 36319-36320 DT denotes a
T12844 36321-36329 JJ denotes previous
T12845 36330-36335 NN denotes study
T12846 36336-36343 VB denotes showing
T12847 36344-36348 IN denotes that
T12848 36349-36355 JJ denotes native
T12849 36356-36359 NN denotes CGN
T12850 36360-36364 RB denotes also
T12851 36365-36372 VB denotes induced
T12852 36373-36383 NN denotes activation
T12853 36384-36386 IN denotes of
T12854 36387-36392 NN denotes NF-κB
T12855 36393-36395 IN denotes in
T12856 36396-36401 JJ denotes human
T12857 36402-36409 JJ denotes colonic
T12858 36410-36420 JJ denotes epithelial
T12859 36421-36426 NN denotes cells
T12860 36427-36428 -LRB- denotes [
T12861 36428-36430 CD denotes 48
T12862 36430-36431 -RRB- denotes ]
T12863 36433-36438 NN denotes NF-κB
T12864 36439-36446 NN denotes pathway
T12865 36447-36449 VB denotes is
T12866 36450-36455 RB denotes often
T12867 36456-36466 VB denotes associated
T12868 36467-36469 TO denotes to
T12869 36470-36477 VB denotes promote
T12870 36478-36482 NN denotes cell
T12871 36483-36491 NN denotes survival
T12872 36492-36495 CC denotes and
T12873 36496-36502 NN denotes cancer
T12874 36503-36507 NN denotes cell
T12875 36508-36514 NN denotes growth
T12876 36514-36515 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12877 36516-36523 RB denotes however
T12878 36524-36526 PRP denotes it
T12879 36527-36530 VB denotes has
T12880 36531-36535 VB denotes been
T12881 36536-36545 RB denotes sometimes
T12882 36546-36554 VB denotes reported
T12883 36555-36557 TO denotes to
T12884 36558-36564 VB denotes behave
T12885 36565-36567 IN denotes as
T12886 36568-36569 DT denotes a
T12887 36570-36575 NN denotes tumor
T12888 36576-36586 NN denotes suppressor
T12889 36586-36587 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12890 36588-36597 VB denotes arresting
T12891 36598-36602 NN denotes cell
T12892 36603-36616 NN denotes proliferation
T12893 36617-36618 -LRB- denotes [
T12894 36618-36620 CD denotes 49
T12895 36620-36621 -RRB- denotes ]
T12896 36623-36627 JJ denotes Such
T12897 36628-36640 NN denotes relationship
T12898 36641-36648 IN denotes between
T12899 36649-36654 NN denotes NF-kB
T12900 36655-36665 NN denotes activation
T12901 36666-36669 CC denotes and
T12902 36670-36674 NN denotes cell
T12903 36675-36680 NN denotes cycle
T12904 36681-36691 NN denotes regulation
T12905 36692-36695 VB denotes has
T12906 36696-36700 VB denotes been
T12907 36701-36709 VB denotes reported
T12908 36710-36712 IN denotes in
T12909 36713-36719 JJ denotes normal
T12910 36720-36725 JJ denotes human
T12911 36726-36735 JJ denotes epidermal
T12912 36736-36741 NN denotes cells
T12913 36742-36743 -LRB- denotes [
T12914 36743-36745 CD denotes 50
T12915 36745-36746 -RRB- denotes ]
T12916 36748-36754 RB denotes Indeed
T12917 36754-36755 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12918 36756-36758 PRP denotes it
T12919 36759-36762 VB denotes has
T12920 36763-36767 VB denotes been
T12921 36768-36773 VB denotes shown
T12922 36774-36778 IN denotes that
T12923 36779-36784 NN denotes NF-κB
T12924 36785-36795 NN denotes activation
T12925 36796-36806 VB denotes suppressed
T12926 36807-36811 NN denotes cdk4
T12927 36812-36822 NN denotes expression
T12928 36822-36823 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12929 36824-36829 WDT denotes which
T12930 36830-36832 VB denotes is
T12931 36833-36842 JJ denotes necessary
T12932 36843-36846 IN denotes for
T12933 36847-36850 DT denotes the
T12934 36851-36861 NN denotes transition
T12935 36862-36864 TO denotes to
T12936 36865-36866 NN denotes S
T12937 36867-36872 NN denotes phase
T12938 36874-36881 RB denotes Finally
T12939 36881-36882 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12940 36883-36888 NN denotes NF-κB
T12941 36889-36899 NN denotes activation
T12942 36900-36903 VB denotes was
T12943 36904-36912 VB denotes reported
T12944 36913-36915 TO denotes to
T12945 36916-36922 VB denotes induce
T12946 36923-36929 NN denotes growth
T12947 36930-36936 NN denotes arrest
T12948 36937-36939 IN denotes in
T12949 36940-36946 JJ denotes normal
T12950 36947-36952 JJ denotes human
T12951 36953-36966 NN denotes keratinocytes
T12952 36967-36969 IN denotes by
T12953 36970-36971 DT denotes a
T12954 36972-36981 NN denotes mechanims
T12955 36982-36991 VB denotes involving
T12956 36992-36995 DT denotes the
T12957 36996-36999 NN denotes cdk
T12958 37000-37009 NN denotes inhibitor
T12959 37010-37013 NN denotes p21
T12960 37014-37015 -LRB- denotes [
T12961 37015-37017 CD denotes 51
T12962 37017-37018 -RRB- denotes ]
T12963 37020-37023 DT denotes The
T12964 37024-37031 NN denotes effects
T12965 37032-37034 IN denotes of
T12966 37035-37039 NN denotes dCGN
T12967 37040-37042 IN denotes on
T12968 37043-37046 NN denotes p21
T12969 37047-37050 CC denotes and
T12970 37051-37055 NN denotes cdk4
T12971 37056-37066 NN denotes expression
T12972 37067-37073 VB denotes remain
T12973 37074-37076 TO denotes to
T12974 37077-37079 VB denotes be
T12975 37080-37087 VB denotes studied
T12976 37089-37091 IN denotes In
T12977 37092-37097 DT denotes these
T12978 37098-37105 NN denotes studies
T12979 37105-37106 -COMMA- denotes ,
T12980 37107-37109 PRP denotes we
T12981 37110-37114 VB denotes have
T12982 37115-37127 VB denotes demonstrated
T12983 37128-37129 DT denotes a
T12984 37130-37136 JJ denotes direct
T12985 37137-37143 NN denotes action
T12986 37144-37146 IN denotes of
T12987 37147-37151 NN denotes dCGN
T12988 37152-37154 IN denotes on
T12989 37155-37164 NN denotes monocytes
T12990 37166-37175 NN denotes Monocytes
T12991 37176-37183 VB denotes exposed
T12992 37184-37186 TO denotes to
T12993 37187-37191 NN denotes dCGN
T12994 37192-37200 VB denotes acquired
T12995 37201-37203 DT denotes an
T12996 37204-37216 JJ denotes inflammatory
T12997 37217-37226 NN denotes phenotype
T12998 37227-37231 WDT denotes that
T12999 37232-37240 VB denotes included
T13000 37241-37247 JJ denotes higher
T13001 37248-37258 NN denotes expression
T13002 37259-37261 IN denotes of
T13003 37262-37265 DT denotes the
T13004 37266-37274 NN denotes adhesion
T13005 37275-37283 NN denotes molecule
T13006 37284-37290 NN denotes ICAM-1
T13007 37291-37294 CC denotes and
T13008 37295-37300 NN denotes TNF-α
T13009 37301-37311 NN denotes production
T13010 37311-37312 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13011 37313-37316 IN denotes via
T13012 37317-37320 DT denotes the
T13013 37321-37326 NN denotes NF-κB
T13014 37327-37334 NN denotes pathway
T13015 37336-37340 DT denotes This
T13016 37341-37347 JJ denotes higher
T13017 37348-37358 NN denotes expression
T13018 37359-37361 IN denotes of
T13019 37362-37368 NN denotes ICAM-1
T13020 37369-37377 VB denotes resulted
T13021 37378-37380 IN denotes in
T13022 37381-37390 NN denotes formation
T13023 37391-37393 IN denotes of
T13024 37394-37398 NN denotes cell
T13025 37399-37409 NN denotes aggregates
T13026 37410-37417 JJ denotes similar
T13027 37418-37420 TO denotes to
T13028 37421-37426 DT denotes those
T13029 37427-37435 VB denotes observed
T13030 37436-37438 IN denotes in
T13031 37439-37447 NN denotes patients
T13032 37448-37452 IN denotes with
T13033 37453-37458 NN denotes Crohn
T13034 37458-37460 POS denotes 's
T13035 37461-37468 NN denotes disease
T13036 37470-37472 PRP denotes We
T13037 37473-37480 VB denotes presume
T13038 37481-37485 IN denotes that
T13039 37486-37489 DT denotes the
T13040 37490-37502 JJ denotes differential
T13041 37503-37510 NN denotes effects
T13042 37511-37513 IN denotes of
T13043 37514-37516 CD denotes 10
T13044 37517-37520 CC denotes and
T13045 37521-37523 CD denotes 40
T13046 37524-37527 NN denotes kDa
T13047 37528-37532 NN denotes dCGN
T13048 37533-37535 TO denotes to
T13049 37536-37542 VB denotes induce
T13050 37543-37548 DT denotes these
T13051 37549-37556 NN denotes effects
T13052 37557-37559 IN denotes on
T13053 37560-37569 NN denotes monocytes
T13054 37570-37573 VB denotes are
T13055 37574-37581 RB denotes tightly
T13056 37582-37588 VB denotes linked
T13057 37589-37591 TO denotes to
T13058 37592-37597 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes their
T13059 37598-37606 NN denotes capacity
T13060 37607-37609 TO denotes to
T13061 37610-37616 VB denotes induce
T13062 37617-37629 NN denotes inflammation
T13063 37630-37632 FW denotes in
T13064 37633-37637 FW denotes vivo
T13065 37639-37646 RB denotes However
T13066 37646-37647 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13067 37648-37650 FW denotes in
T13068 37651-37655 FW denotes vivo
T13069 37655-37656 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13070 37657-37668 NN denotes macrophages
T13071 37669-37671 VB denotes do
T13072 37672-37675 RB denotes not
T13073 37676-37680 VB denotes come
T13074 37681-37683 IN denotes in
T13075 37684-37690 JJ denotes direct
T13076 37691-37698 NN denotes contact
T13077 37699-37703 IN denotes with
T13078 37704-37707 DT denotes the
T13079 37708-37718 JJ denotes intestinal
T13080 37719-37724 NN denotes lumen
T13081 37725-37728 CC denotes and
T13082 37729-37732 VB denotes are
T13083 37733-37742 VB denotes separated
T13084 37743-37745 IN denotes by
T13085 37746-37749 DT denotes the
T13086 37750-37760 JJ denotes epithelial
T13087 37761-37768 NN denotes barrier
T13088 37770-37773 DT denotes The
T13089 37774-37777 NN denotes way
T13090 37778-37780 IN denotes by
T13091 37781-37786 WDT denotes which
T13092 37787-37791 NN denotes dCGN
T13093 37792-37795 MD denotes may
T13094 37796-37801 VB denotes leave
T13095 37802-37805 DT denotes the
T13096 37806-37816 JJ denotes intestinal
T13097 37817-37822 NN denotes lumen
T13098 37823-37826 CC denotes and
T13099 37827-37832 VB denotes cross
T13100 37833-37836 DT denotes the
T13101 37837-37847 JJ denotes epithelial
T13102 37848-37855 NN denotes barrier
T13103 37856-37858 TO denotes to
T13104 37859-37864 VB denotes reach
T13105 37865-37868 DT denotes the
T13106 37869-37880 NN denotes macrophages
T13107 37881-37883 VB denotes is
T13108 37884-37886 DT denotes an
T13109 37887-37897 JJ denotes intriguing
T13110 37898-37902 JJ denotes open
T13111 37903-37911 NN denotes question
T13112 37913-37916 CD denotes One
T13113 37917-37925 JJ denotes possible
T13114 37926-37937 NN denotes explanation
T13115 37938-37945 VB denotes resides
T13116 37946-37948 IN denotes in
T13117 37949-37952 DT denotes the
T13118 37953-37962 NN denotes potential
T13119 37963-37965 IN denotes of
T13120 37966-37970 NN denotes dCGN
T13121 37971-37973 TO denotes to
T13122 37974-37982 VB denotes “induce”
T13123 37983-37991 JJ denotes cellular
T13124 37992-37995 CC denotes and
T13125 37996-38008 JJ denotes paracellular
T13126 38009-38018 JJ denotes injurious
T13127 38019-38026 NN denotes effects
T13128 38027-38029 IN denotes at
T13129 38030-38033 DT denotes the
T13130 38034-38044 JJ denotes intestinal
T13131 38045-38055 JJ denotes epithelial
T13132 38056-38060 NN denotes cell
T13133 38061-38070 NN denotes monolayer
T13134 38071-38072 -LRB- denotes [
T13135 38072-38074 CD denotes 48
T13136 38074-38075 -RRB- denotes ]
T13137 38077-38079 IN denotes In
T13138 38080-38090 NN denotes conclusion
T13139 38090-38091 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13140 38092-38096 NN denotes dCGN
T13141 38097-38106 VB denotes inhibited
T13142 38107-38112 NN denotes THP-1
T13143 38113-38117 NN denotes cell
T13144 38118-38131 NN denotes proliferation
T13145 38132-38134 FW denotes in
T13146 38135-38140 FW denotes vitro
T13147 38140-38141 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13148 38142-38154 VB denotes accumulating
T13149 38155-38158 DT denotes the
T13150 38159-38164 NN denotes cells
T13151 38165-38167 IN denotes in
T13152 38168-38171 DT denotes the
T13153 38172-38174 NN denotes G1
T13154 38175-38180 NN denotes phase
T13155 38181-38183 IN denotes of
T13156 38184-38187 DT denotes the
T13157 38188-38192 NN denotes cell
T13158 38193-38198 NN denotes cycle
T13159 38198-38199 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13160 38200-38209 VB denotes increased
T13161 38210-38216 NN denotes ICAM-1
T13162 38217-38227 NN denotes expression
T13163 38227-38228 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13164 38229-38239 VB denotes stimulated
T13165 38240-38256 JJ denotes ICAM-1-dependent
T13166 38257-38265 NN denotes monocyte
T13167 38266-38277 NN denotes aggregation
T13168 38278-38280 FW denotes in
T13169 38281-38286 FW denotes vitro
T13170 38286-38287 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13171 38288-38291 CC denotes and
T13172 38292-38302 VB denotes stimulated
T13173 38303-38308 NN denotes TNF-α
T13174 38309-38319 NN denotes expression
T13175 38320-38323 CC denotes and
T13176 38324-38333 NN denotes secretion
T13177 38335-38340 DT denotes These
T13178 38341-38350 NN denotes responses
T13179 38351-38355 VB denotes were
T13180 38356-38360 RB denotes more
T13181 38361-38371 JJ denotes pronounced
T13182 38372-38381 VB denotes following
T13183 38382-38384 CD denotes 40
T13184 38385-38388 NN denotes kDa
T13185 38389-38393 NN denotes dCGN
T13186 38393-38394 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13187 38395-38398 CC denotes and
T13188 38399-38403 VB denotes were
T13189 38404-38407 DT denotes all
T13190 38408-38414 VB denotes linked
T13191 38415-38417 TO denotes to
T13192 38418-38423 NN denotes NF-κB
T13193 38424-38434 NN denotes activation
T13194 38436-38441 DT denotes These
T13195 38442-38449 NN denotes results
T13196 38450-38457 VB denotes suggest
T13197 38458-38462 IN denotes that
T13198 38462-38463 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13199 38464-38472 IN denotes although
T13200 38473-38476 NN denotes CGN
T13201 38477-38479 VB denotes is
T13202 38480-38486 RB denotes widely
T13203 38487-38491 VB denotes used
T13204 38492-38494 IN denotes as
T13205 38495-38496 DT denotes a
T13206 38497-38501 NN denotes food
T13207 38502-38510 JJ denotes additive
T13208 38510-38511 -COMMA- denotes ,
T13209 38512-38515 PRP-DOLLAR- denotes its
T13210 38516-38524 JJ denotes degraded
T13211 38525-38530 NN denotes forms
T13212 38531-38535 VB denotes have
T13213 38536-38538 DT denotes an
T13214 38539-38548 JJ denotes important
T13215 38549-38555 NN denotes effect
T13216 38556-38558 IN denotes on
T13217 38559-38568 NN denotes monocytes
T13218 38569-38583 JJ denotes characteristic
T13219 38584-38586 IN denotes of
T13220 38587-38589 DT denotes an
T13221 38590-38602 JJ denotes inflammatory
T13222 38603-38612 NN denotes phenotype
T15571 17231-17239 VB denotes Degraded
T15572 17240-17243 NN denotes CGN
T15573 17244-17251 VB denotes induced
T15574 17252-17257 NN denotes colon
T15575 17258-17270 NN denotes inflammation
T15576 17271-17273 IN denotes in
T15577 17274-17278 NN denotes rats
T15578 17280-17290 NN denotes Histograms
T15579 17291-17298 VB denotes showing
T15580 17299-17302 DT denotes the
T15581 17303-17309 NN denotes effect
T15582 17310-17312 IN denotes of
T15583 17313-17321 VB denotes degraded
T15584 17322-17325 NN denotes CGN
T15585 17326-17328 IN denotes on
T15586 17328-17329 -COLON- denotes :
T15587 17330-17335 NN denotes colon
T15588 17336-17342 NN denotes length
T15589 17343-17344 -LRB- denotes (
T15590 17344-17345 NN denotes A
T15591 17345-17346 -RRB- denotes )
T15592 17346-17347 -COLON- denotes ;
T15593 17348-17359 JJ denotes macroscopic
T15594 17360-17361 -LRB- denotes (
T15595 17361-17362 NN denotes B
T15596 17362-17363 -RRB- denotes )
T15597 17364-17367 CC denotes and
T15598 17368-17380 JJ denotes histological
T15599 17381-17382 -LRB- denotes (
T15600 17382-17383 NN denotes C
T15601 17383-17384 -RRB- denotes )
T15602 17385-17397 NN denotes inflammation
T15603 17398-17403 NN denotes score
T15604 17404-17406 IN denotes of
T15605 17407-17412 NN denotes colon
T15606 17412-17413 -COLON- denotes ;
T15607 17414-17429 NN denotes Myeloperoxidase
T15608 17430-17431 -LRB- denotes (
T15609 17431-17434 NN denotes MPO
T15610 17434-17435 -RRB- denotes )
T15611 17436-17444 NN denotes activity
T15612 17445-17446 -LRB- denotes (
T15613 17446-17447 NN denotes D
T15614 17447-17448 -RRB- denotes )
T15615 17450-17457 NN denotes Control
T15616 17458-17462 NN denotes rats
T15617 17463-17464 -LRB- denotes (
T15618 17464-17469 JJ denotes white
T15619 17470-17474 NN denotes bars
T15620 17474-17475 -RRB- denotes )
T15621 17475-17476 -COLON- denotes ;
T15622 17477-17479 CD denotes 10
T15623 17480-17483 NN denotes kDa
T15624 17484-17492 VB denotes degraded
T15625 17493-17504 JJ denotes CGN-treated
T15626 17505-17509 NN denotes rats
T15627 17510-17511 -LRB- denotes (
T15628 17511-17515 JJ denotes grey
T15629 17516-17520 NN denotes bars
T15630 17520-17521 -RRB- denotes )
T15631 17521-17522 -COLON- denotes ;
T15632 17523-17525 CD denotes 40
T15633 17526-17529 NN denotes kDa
T15634 17530-17538 VB denotes degraded
T15635 17539-17550 JJ denotes CGN-treated
T15636 17551-17555 NN denotes rats
T15637 17556-17557 -LRB- denotes (
T15638 17557-17562 JJ denotes black
T15639 17563-17567 NN denotes bars
T15640 17567-17568 -RRB- denotes )
T15641 17568-17569 SYM denotes .
T15642 17570-17571 NN denotes *
T15643 17572-17573 SYM denotes p
T15644 17573-17577 CD denotes <0.0
T15645 17577-17581 IN denotes 5 fr
T15646 17581-17589 NN denotes om contr
T15647 17589-17591 SYM denotes ol
T15648 17591-17592 NN denotes .
T15649 17593-17594 SYM denotes *
T15650 17594-17598 CD denotes * p<
T15651 17598-17602 IN denotes 0.01
T15652 17603-17610 NN denotes from co
T15653 17617-17629 JJ denotes Histological
T15654 17630-17638 NN denotes analysis
T15655 17639-17641 IN denotes of
T15656 17642-17647 NN denotes colon
T15657 17648-17652 IN denotes from
T15658 17653-17660 NN denotes control
T15659 17661-17665 NN denotes rats
T15660 17666-17667 -LRB- denotes (
T15661 17667-17668 NN denotes E
T15662 17668-17669 -RRB- denotes )
T15663 17669-17670 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15664 17671-17674 CC denotes and
T15665 17675-17679 IN denotes from
T15666 17680-17682 CD denotes 40
T15667 17683-17686 NN denotes kDa
T15668 17687-17699 JJ denotes dCGN-treated
T15669 17700-17704 NN denotes rats
T15670 17705-17706 -LRB- denotes (
T15671 17706-17707 NN denotes F
T15672 17707-17708 -RRB- denotes )
T15867 19514-19522 VB denotes Degraded
T15868 19523-19526 NN denotes CGN
T15869 19527-19537 VB denotes stimulated
T15870 19538-19541 NN denotes TNF
T15871 19542-19551 NN denotes secretion
T15872 19552-19556 IN denotes from
T15873 19557-19566 NN denotes monocytes
T15874 19568-19574 NN denotes Levels
T15875 19575-19577 IN denotes of
T15876 19578-19581 NN denotes TNF
T15877 19582-19590 VB denotes released
T15878 19591-19595 IN denotes from
T15879 19596-19606 JJ denotes peripheral
T15880 19607-19612 NN denotes blood
T15881 19613-19622 NN denotes monocytes
T15882 19623-19624 -LRB- denotes (
T15883 19624-19627 NN denotes A–B
T15884 19627-19628 -RRB- denotes )
T15885 19629-19632 CC denotes and
T15886 19633-19638 NN denotes THP-1
T15887 19639-19644 NN denotes cells
T15888 19645-19646 -LRB- denotes (
T15889 19646-19649 NN denotes C–D
T15890 19649-19650 -RRB- denotes )
T15891 19651-19656 IN denotes after
T15892 19657-19668 NN denotes stimulation
T15893 19669-19673 IN denotes with
T15894 19674-19678 NN denotes dCGN
T15895 19680-19681 DT denotes A
T15896 19681-19682 -COLON- denotes :
T15897 19683-19686 NN denotes TNF
T15898 19687-19694 NN denotes release
T15899 19695-19702 VB denotes induced
T15900 19703-19705 IN denotes by
T15901 19706-19712 JJ denotes native
T15902 19713-19716 NN denotes CGN
T15903 19717-19718 -LRB- denotes (
T15904 19718-19722 JJ denotes open
T15905 19723-19727 NN denotes bars
T15906 19727-19728 -RRB- denotes )
T15907 19728-19729 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15908 19730-19732 CD denotes 10
T15909 19733-19736 NN denotes kDa
T15910 19737-19741 NN denotes dCGN
T15911 19742-19743 -LRB- denotes (
T15912 19743-19747 JJ denotes grey
T15913 19748-19752 NN denotes bars
T15914 19752-19753 -RRB- denotes )
T15915 19753-19754 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15916 19755-19757 CC denotes or
T15917 19758-19760 CD denotes 40
T15918 19761-19764 NN denotes kDa
T15919 19765-19769 NN denotes dCGN
T15920 19770-19771 -LRB- denotes (
T15921 19771-19776 JJ denotes black
T15922 19777-19781 NN denotes bars
T15923 19781-19782 -RRB- denotes )
T15924 19784-19785 NN denotes B
T15925 19785-19786 -COLON- denotes :
T15926 19787-19795 NN denotes Kinetics
T15927 19796-19798 IN denotes of
T15928 19799-19802 NN denotes TNF
T15929 19803-19810 NN denotes release
T15930 19811-19818 VB denotes induced
T15931 19819-19821 IN denotes by
T15932 19822-19829 NN denotes nothing
T15933 19830-19831 -LRB- denotes (
T15934 19831-19838 NN denotes control
T15935 19838-19839 -COLON- denotes ;
T15936 19840-19845 JJ denotes black
T15937 19846-19854 NN denotes diamonds
T15938 19854-19855 -RRB- denotes )
T15939 19855-19856 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15940 19857-19860 CD denotes 0.1
T15941 19861-19866 NN denotes mg/ml
T15942 19867-19869 CD denotes 10
T15943 19870-19873 NN denotes kDa
T15944 19874-19878 NN denotes dCGN
T15945 19879-19880 -LRB- denotes (
T15946 19880-19885 JJ denotes black
T15947 19886-19895 NN denotes triangles
T15948 19895-19896 -RRB- denotes )
T15949 19896-19897 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15950 19898-19901 CD denotes 0.1
T15951 19902-19907 NN denotes mg/ml
T15952 19908-19910 CD denotes 40
T15953 19911-19914 NN denotes kDa
T15954 19915-19919 NN denotes dCGN
T15955 19920-19921 -LRB- denotes (
T15956 19921-19926 JJ denotes black
T15957 19927-19934 NN denotes squares
T15958 19934-19935 -RRB- denotes )
T15959 19935-19936 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15960 19937-19939 CC denotes or
T15961 19940-19942 CD denotes 10
T15962 19943-19948 NN denotes µg/ml
T15963 19949-19952 NN denotes LPS
T15964 19953-19954 -LRB- denotes (
T15965 19954-19958 JJ denotes open
T15966 19959-19966 NN denotes squares
T15967 19966-19967 -RRB- denotes )
T15968 19969-19970 NN denotes C
T15969 19970-19971 -COLON- denotes :
T15970 19972-19975 NN denotes TNF
T15971 19976-19983 NN denotes release
T15972 19984-19991 VB denotes induced
T15973 19992-19994 IN denotes by
T15974 19995-20002 NN denotes nothing
T15975 20003-20004 -LRB- denotes (
T15976 20004-20011 NN denotes control
T15977 20011-20012 -COLON- denotes ;
T15978 20013-20017 JJ denotes open
T15979 20018-20022 NN denotes bars
T15980 20022-20023 -RRB- denotes )
T15981 20023-20024 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15982 20025-20027 CD denotes 10
T15983 20028-20033 NN denotes µg/ml
T15984 20034-20037 NN denotes LPS
T15985 20038-20039 -LRB- denotes (
T15986 20039-20046 VB denotes hatched
T15987 20047-20051 NN denotes bars
T15988 20051-20052 -RRB- denotes )
T15989 20052-20053 -COMMA- denotes ,
T15990 20054-20056 CC denotes or
T15991 20057-20067 VB denotes increasing
T15992 20068-20082 NN denotes concentrations
T15993 20083-20085 IN denotes of
T15994 20086-20088 CD denotes 10
T15995 20089-20092 NN denotes kDa
T15996 20093-20097 NN denotes dCGN
T15997 20098-20099 -LRB- denotes (
T15998 20099-20103 JJ denotes grey
T15999 20104-20108 NN denotes bars
T16000 20108-20109 -RRB- denotes )
T16001 20109-20110 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16002 20111-20113 CC denotes or
T16003 20114-20116 CD denotes 40
T16004 20117-20120 NN denotes kDa
T16005 20121-20125 NN denotes dCGN
T16006 20126-20127 -LRB- denotes (
T16007 20127-20132 JJ denotes black
T16008 20133-20137 NN denotes bars
T16009 20137-20138 -RRB- denotes )
T16010 20140-20141 NN denotes D
T16011 20141-20142 -COLON- denotes :
T16012 20143-20151 NN denotes Kinetics
T16013 20152-20154 IN denotes of
T16014 20155-20158 NN denotes TNF
T16015 20159-20166 NN denotes release
T16016 20167-20174 VB denotes induced
T16017 20175-20177 IN denotes by
T16018 20178-20185 NN denotes nothing
T16019 20186-20187 -LRB- denotes (
T16020 20187-20194 NN denotes control
T16021 20194-20195 -COLON- denotes ;
T16022 20196-20201 JJ denotes black
T16023 20202-20210 NN denotes diamonds
T16024 20210-20211 -RRB- denotes )
T16025 20211-20212 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16026 20213-20216 CD denotes 0.1
T16027 20217-20222 NN denotes mg/ml
T16028 20223-20225 CD denotes 10
T16029 20226-20229 NN denotes kDa
T16030 20230-20234 NN denotes dCGN
T16031 20235-20236 -LRB- denotes (
T16032 20236-20241 JJ denotes black
T16033 20242-20251 NN denotes triangles
T16034 20251-20252 -RRB- denotes )
T16035 20252-20253 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16036 20254-20257 CD denotes 0.1
T16037 20258-20263 NN denotes mg/ml
T16038 20264-20266 CD denotes 40
T16039 20267-20270 NN denotes kDa
T16040 20271-20275 NN denotes dCGN
T16041 20276-20277 -LRB- denotes (
T16042 20277-20282 JJ denotes black
T16043 20283-20290 NN denotes squares
T16044 20290-20291 -RRB- denotes )
T16045 20291-20292 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16046 20293-20295 CC denotes or
T16047 20296-20298 CD denotes 10
T16048 20299-20304 NN denotes µg/ml
T16049 20305-20308 NN denotes LPS
T16050 20309-20310 -LRB- denotes (
T16051 20310-20314 JJ denotes open
T16052 20315-20322 NN denotes squares
T16053 20322-20323 -RRB- denotes )
T16354 21393-21399 NN denotes arrest
T16348 21356-21364 VB denotes Degraded
T16349 21365-21368 NN denotes CGN
T16350 21369-21376 VB denotes induced
T16351 21377-21381 NN denotes THP1
T16352 21382-21386 NN denotes cell
T16353 21387-21392 NN denotes cycle
T16355 21400-21402 IN denotes in
T16356 21403-21405 NN denotes G1
T16357 21406-21411 NN denotes phase
T16358 21413-21418 NN denotes THP-1
T16359 21419-21424 NN denotes cells
T16360 21425-21427 IN denotes in
T16361 21428-21439 JJ denotes exponential
T16362 21440-21446 NN denotes growth
T16363 21447-21452 NN denotes phase
T16364 21453-21457 VB denotes were
T16365 21458-21467 VB denotes incubated
T16366 21468-21470 IN denotes in
T16367 21471-21474 DT denotes the
T16368 21475-21483 NN denotes presence
T16369 21484-21486 CC denotes or
T16370 21487-21494 NN denotes absence
T16371 21495-21497 IN denotes of
T16372 21498-21509 NN denotes carrageenan
T16373 21510-21513 IN denotes for
T16374 21514-21516 CD denotes 24
T16375 21517-21518 NN denotes h
T16376 21519-21525 IN denotes before
T16377 21526-21531 VB denotes being
T16378 21532-21539 VB denotes stained
T16379 21540-21544 IN denotes with
T16380 21545-21554 NN denotes propidium
T16381 21555-21561 NN denotes iodide
T16382 21563-21567 NN denotes Cell
T16383 21568-21571 NN denotes DNA
T16384 21572-21579 NN denotes content
T16385 21580-21583 VB denotes was
T16386 21584-21588 RB denotes then
T16387 21589-21597 VB denotes analyzed
T16388 21598-21600 IN denotes by
T16389 21601-21605 NN denotes flow
T16390 21606-21615 NN denotes cytometry
T16391 21617-21618 DT denotes A
T16392 21618-21619 -COLON- denotes :
T16393 21620-21630 NN denotes Histograms
T16394 21631-21633 IN denotes of
T16395 21634-21639 NN denotes cells
T16396 21640-21647 VB denotes treated
T16397 21648-21652 IN denotes with
T16398 21653-21659 NN denotes medium
T16399 21660-21664 RB denotes only
T16400 21665-21666 -LRB- denotes (
T16401 21666-21673 NN denotes control
T16402 21673-21674 -RRB- denotes )
T16403 21674-21675 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16404 21676-21678 CD denotes 10
T16405 21679-21682 NN denotes kDa
T16406 21683-21687 NN denotes dCGN
T16407 21688-21689 -LRB- denotes (
T16408 21689-21692 NN denotes C10
T16409 21692-21693 -RRB- denotes )
T16410 21693-21694 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16411 21695-21697 CC denotes or
T16412 21698-21700 CD denotes 40
T16413 21701-21704 NN denotes kDa
T16414 21705-21709 NN denotes dCGN
T16415 21710-21711 -LRB- denotes (
T16416 21711-21714 NN denotes C40
T16417 21714-21715 -RRB- denotes )
T16418 21717-21718 NN denotes B
T16419 21718-21719 -COLON- denotes :
T16420 21720-21730 NN denotes Percentage
T16421 21731-21733 IN denotes of
T16422 21734-21739 NN denotes cells
T16423 21740-21742 IN denotes in
T16424 21743-21747 DT denotes each
T16425 21748-21753 NN denotes phase
T16426 21754-21756 IN denotes of
T16427 21757-21760 DT denotes the
T16428 21761-21765 NN denotes cell
T16429 21766-21771 NN denotes cycle
T16430 21772-21776 WRB denotes when
T16431 21777-21784 VB denotes treated
T16432 21785-21789 IN denotes with
T16433 21790-21796 NN denotes medium
T16434 21797-21801 RB denotes only
T16435 21802-21803 -LRB- denotes (
T16436 21803-21810 NN denotes control
T16437 21810-21811 -RRB- denotes )
T16438 21811-21812 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16439 21813-21822 JJ denotes different
T16440 21823-21837 NN denotes concentrations
T16441 21838-21840 IN denotes of
T16442 21841-21843 CD denotes 10
T16443 21844-21847 NN denotes kDa
T16444 21848-21852 NN denotes dCGN
T16445 21853-21854 -LRB- denotes (
T16446 21854-21857 NN denotes C10
T16447 21857-21858 -RRB- denotes )
T16448 21858-21859 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16449 21860-21862 IN denotes of
T16450 21863-21865 CD denotes 40
T16451 21866-21869 NN denotes kDa
T16452 21870-21874 NN denotes dCGN
T16453 21875-21876 -LRB- denotes (
T16454 21876-21879 NN denotes C40
T16455 21879-21880 -RRB- denotes )
T16456 21880-21881 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16457 21882-21884 CC denotes or
T16458 21885-21887 IN denotes of
T16459 21888-21894 JJ denotes native
T16460 21895-21898 NN denotes CGN
T16461 21899-21900 -LRB- denotes (
T16462 21900-21906 JJ denotes Native
T16463 21906-21907 -RRB- denotes )
T16661 22954-22962 VB denotes Degraded
T16662 22963-22966 NN denotes CGN
T16663 22967-22977 VB denotes stimulated
T16664 22978-22984 NN denotes ICAM-1
T16665 22985-22995 NN denotes expression
T16666 22996-22998 IN denotes in
T16667 22999-23008 NN denotes monocytes
T16668 23010-23020 JJ denotes Peripheral
T16669 23021-23026 NN denotes blood
T16670 23027-23036 NN denotes monocytes
T16671 23037-23038 -LRB- denotes (
T16672 23038-23041 NN denotes PBM
T16673 23041-23042 -RRB- denotes )
T16674 23043-23045 CC denotes or
T16675 23046-23051 NN denotes THP-1
T16676 23052-23057 NN denotes cells
T16677 23058-23062 VB denotes were
T16678 23063-23072 VB denotes incubated
T16679 23073-23075 IN denotes in
T16680 23076-23079 DT denotes the
T16681 23080-23088 NN denotes presence
T16682 23089-23091 CC denotes or
T16683 23092-23099 NN denotes absence
T16684 23100-23102 IN denotes of
T16685 23103-23114 NN denotes carrageenan
T16686 23115-23118 IN denotes for
T16687 23119-23121 CD denotes 24
T16688 23122-23123 NN denotes h
T16689 23124-23130 IN denotes before
T16690 23131-23136 VB denotes being
T16691 23137-23144 VB denotes stained
T16692 23145-23148 IN denotes for
T16693 23149-23156 JJ denotes various
T16694 23157-23161 NN denotes cell
T16695 23162-23169 NN denotes surface
T16696 23170-23178 NN denotes antigens
T16697 23180-23187 NN denotes Antigen
T16698 23188-23198 NN denotes expression
T16699 23199-23202 VB denotes was
T16700 23203-23207 RB denotes then
T16701 23208-23216 VB denotes analyzed
T16702 23217-23219 IN denotes by
T16703 23220-23224 NN denotes flow
T16704 23225-23234 NN denotes cytometry
T16705 23236-23237 DT denotes A
T16706 23237-23238 -COLON- denotes :
T16707 23239-23249 NN denotes Histograms
T16708 23250-23252 IN denotes of
T16709 23253-23259 NN denotes ICAM-1
T16710 23260-23270 NN denotes expression
T16711 23271-23273 IN denotes in
T16712 23274-23279 NN denotes cells
T16713 23280-23287 VB denotes treated
T16714 23288-23292 IN denotes with
T16715 23293-23299 NN denotes medium
T16716 23300-23304 RB denotes only
T16717 23305-23306 -LRB- denotes (
T16718 23306-23313 NN denotes control
T16719 23313-23314 -RRB- denotes )
T16720 23314-23315 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16721 23316-23318 CD denotes 10
T16722 23319-23322 NN denotes kDa
T16723 23323-23327 NN denotes dCGN
T16724 23328-23329 -LRB- denotes (
T16725 23329-23332 NN denotes C10
T16726 23332-23333 -RRB- denotes )
T16727 23333-23334 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16728 23335-23337 CC denotes or
T16729 23338-23340 CD denotes 40
T16730 23341-23344 NN denotes kDa
T16731 23345-23349 NN denotes dCGN
T16732 23350-23351 -LRB- denotes (
T16733 23351-23354 NN denotes C40
T16734 23354-23355 -RRB- denotes )
T16735 23357-23358 NN denotes B
T16736 23358-23359 -COLON- denotes :
T16737 23360-23372 NN denotes Fluorescence
T16738 23373-23382 NN denotes intensity
T16739 23383-23386 IN denotes for
T16740 23387-23397 NN denotes expression
T16741 23398-23400 IN denotes of
T16742 23401-23404 DT denotes the
T16743 23405-23413 NN denotes antigens
T16744 23414-23421 NN denotes HLA-ABC
T16745 23421-23422 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16746 23423-23429 NN denotes HLA-DR
T16747 23429-23430 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16748 23431-23435 NN denotes CD14
T16749 23435-23436 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16750 23437-23443 NN denotes ICAM-1
T16751 23443-23444 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16752 23445-23448 CC denotes and
T16753 23449-23453 NN denotes CD58
T16754 23454-23456 IN denotes in
T16755 23457-23462 NN denotes cells
T16756 23463-23470 VB denotes treated
T16757 23471-23475 IN denotes with
T16758 23476-23482 NN denotes medium
T16759 23483-23487 RB denotes only
T16760 23488-23489 -LRB- denotes (
T16761 23489-23496 NN denotes control
T16762 23496-23497 -RRB- denotes )
T16763 23497-23498 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16764 23499-23501 CD denotes 10
T16765 23502-23505 NN denotes kDa
T16766 23506-23510 NN denotes dCGN
T16767 23511-23512 -LRB- denotes (
T16768 23512-23515 NN denotes C10
T16769 23515-23516 -RRB- denotes )
T16770 23516-23517 -COMMA- denotes ,
T16771 23518-23520 CC denotes or
T16772 23521-23523 CD denotes 40
T16773 23524-23527 NN denotes kDa
T16774 23528-23532 NN denotes dCGN
T16775 23533-23534 -LRB- denotes (
T16776 23534-23537 NN denotes C40
T16777 23537-23538 -RRB- denotes )
T16778 23540-23544 NN denotes Data
T16779 23545-23548 VB denotes are
T16780 23549-23553 JJ denotes mean
T16781 23554-23557 CC denotes +/−
T16782 23558-23561 NN denotes SEM
T16992 24473-24481 VB denotes Degraded
T16993 24482-24485 NN denotes CGN
T16994 24486-24493 VB denotes induced
T16995 24494-24503 NN denotes monocytes
T16996 24504-24515 NN denotes aggregation
T16997 24516-24518 FW denotes in
T16998 24519-24524 FW denotes vitro
T16999 24526-24535 NN denotes Monocytes
T17000 24536-24540 VB denotes were
T17001 24541-24550 VB denotes incubated
T17002 24551-24553 IN denotes in
T17003 24554-24557 DT denotes the
T17004 24558-24565 NN denotes absence
T17005 24566-24567 -LRB- denotes (
T17006 24567-24568 NN denotes A
T17007 24568-24569 -RRB- denotes )
T17008 24570-24572 CC denotes or
T17009 24573-24576 DT denotes the
T17010 24577-24585 NN denotes presence
T17011 24586-24588 IN denotes of
T17012 24589-24590 CD denotes 1
T17013 24591-24596 NN denotes mg/ml
T17014 24597-24599 CD denotes 10
T17015 24600-24603 NN denotes kDa
T17016 24604-24608 NN denotes dCGN
T17017 24609-24610 -LRB- denotes (
T17018 24610-24611 NN denotes B
T17019 24611-24612 -RRB- denotes )
T17020 24612-24613 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17021 24614-24615 CD denotes 1
T17022 24616-24621 NN denotes mg/ml
T17023 24622-24624 CD denotes 40
T17024 24625-24628 NN denotes kDa
T17025 24629-24633 NN denotes dCGN
T17026 24634-24635 -LRB- denotes (
T17027 24635-24636 NN denotes C
T17028 24636-24637 -RRB- denotes )
T17029 24637-24638 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17030 24639-24641 CC denotes or
T17031 24642-24643 CD denotes 1
T17032 24644-24649 NN denotes mg/ml
T17033 24650-24652 CD denotes 40
T17034 24653-24656 NN denotes kDa
T17035 24657-24661 NN denotes dCGN
T17036 24662-24666 CC denotes plus
T17037 24667-24670 CD denotes 2.5
T17038 24671-24676 NN denotes µg/ml
T17039 24677-24688 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T17040 24689-24697 NN denotes antibody
T17041 24698-24699 -LRB- denotes (
T17042 24699-24700 NN denotes D
T17043 24700-24701 -RRB- denotes )
T17044 24703-24708 NN denotes Cells
T17045 24709-24713 VB denotes were
T17046 24714-24722 VB denotes observed
T17047 24723-24725 IN denotes by
T17048 24726-24731 NN denotes phase
T17049 24732-24740 NN denotes contrast
T17050 24741-24748 JJ denotes inverse
T17051 24749-24759 NN denotes microscopy
T17052 24760-24762 IN denotes at
T17053 24763-24767 NN denotes 150X
T17054 24768-24781 NN denotes magnification
T17055 24783-24790 NN denotes Inserts
T17056 24791-24793 IN denotes in
T17057 24794-24795 NN denotes A
T17058 24796-24799 CC denotes and
T17059 24800-24801 NN denotes B
T17060 24802-24806 VB denotes show
T17061 24807-24808 DT denotes a
T17062 24809-24814 JJ denotes close
T17063 24815-24817 RP denotes up
T17064 24818-24820 IN denotes of
T17065 24821-24826 NN denotes cells
T17066 24827-24829 IN denotes at
T17067 24830-24834 NN denotes 300X
T17068 24835-24848 NN denotes magnification
T17069 24850-24851 NN denotes E
T17070 24851-24852 -COLON- denotes :
T17071 24853-24859 NN denotes Number
T17072 24860-24862 IN denotes of
T17073 24863-24871 NN denotes monocyte
T17074 24872-24882 NN denotes aggregates
T17075 24883-24885 IN denotes in
T17076 24886-24888 CD denotes 24
T17077 24889-24894 NN denotes wells
T17078 24895-24900 NN denotes plate
T17079 24901-24903 IN denotes of
T17080 24904-24907 NN denotes PBM
T17081 24908-24912 NN denotes cell
T17082 24913-24921 VB denotes cultured
T17083 24922-24926 IN denotes with
T17084 24927-24934 NN denotes nothing
T17085 24935-24936 -LRB- denotes (
T17086 24936-24943 NN denotes control
T17087 24943-24944 -RRB- denotes )
T17088 24944-24945 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17089 24946-24950 IN denotes with
T17090 24951-24953 CD denotes 10
T17091 24954-24957 NN denotes kDa
T17092 24958-24966 VB denotes degraded
T17093 24967-24970 NN denotes CGN
T17094 24971-24972 -LRB- denotes (
T17095 24972-24975 NN denotes C10
T17096 24975-24976 -RRB- denotes )
T17097 24976-24977 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17098 24978-24980 CC denotes or
T17099 24981-24985 IN denotes with
T17100 24986-24988 CD denotes 40
T17101 24989-24992 NN denotes kDa
T17102 24993-25001 VB denotes degraded
T17103 25002-25005 NN denotes CGN
T17104 25006-25007 -LRB- denotes (
T17105 25007-25010 NN denotes C40
T17106 25010-25011 -RRB- denotes )
T17107 25013-25017 DT denotes Some
T17108 25018-25026 NN denotes cultures
T17109 25027-25030 VB denotes had
T17110 25031-25035 RB denotes also
T17111 25036-25039 CD denotes 2.5
T17112 25040-25045 NN denotes µg/ml
T17113 25046-25057 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T17114 25058-25066 NN denotes antibody
T17115 25068-25072 NN denotes Data
T17116 25073-25076 VB denotes are
T17117 25077-25081 JJ denotes mean
T17118 25082-25085 CC denotes +/−
T17119 25086-25089 NN denotes SEM
T17323 25496-25504 VB denotes Degraded
T17324 25505-25508 NN denotes CGN
T17325 25509-25519 VB denotes stimulated
T17326 25520-25526 NN denotes ICAM-1
T17327 25527-25530 CC denotes and
T17328 25531-25536 NN denotes TNF-α
T17329 25537-25541 NN denotes gene
T17330 25542-25552 NN denotes expression
T17331 25553-25555 IN denotes in
T17332 25556-25565 NN denotes monocytes
T17333 25567-25581 JJ denotes Representative
T17334 25582-25589 NN denotes samples
T17335 25590-25592 IN denotes of
T17336 25593-25599 NN denotes RT-PCR
T17337 25600-25608 NN denotes analysis
T17338 25609-25616 VB denotes showing
T17339 25617-25621 IN denotes over
T17340 25622-25632 NN denotes expression
T17341 25633-25635 IN denotes of
T17342 25636-25642 NN denotes ICAM-1
T17343 25643-25646 CC denotes and
T17344 25647-25652 NN denotes TNF-α
T17345 25653-25658 IN denotes after
T17346 25659-25670 NN denotes stimulation
T17347 25671-25673 IN denotes of
T17348 25674-25683 NN denotes monocytes
T17349 25684-25688 IN denotes with
T17350 25689-25690 CD denotes 1
T17351 25691-25694 NN denotes g/l
T17352 25695-25697 IN denotes of
T17353 25698-25706 VB denotes degraded
T17354 25707-25711 NNP denotes CGN.
T17355 25712-25719 NN denotes β-actin
T17356 25720-25730 NN denotes expression
T17357 25731-25734 VB denotes was
T17358 25735-25739 VB denotes used
T17359 25740-25742 IN denotes as
T17360 25743-25756 NN denotes normalization
T17361 25757-25761 NN denotes gene
T17542 27987-27995 VB denotes Degraded
T17543 27996-27999 NN denotes CGN
T17544 28000-28009 VB denotes activated
T17545 28010-28013 DT denotes the
T17546 28014-28019 NN denotes NF-kB
T17547 28020-28027 NN denotes pathway
T17548 28028-28030 IN denotes in
T17549 28031-28040 NN denotes monocytes
T17550 28042-28043 DT denotes A
T17551 28043-28044 -COLON- denotes :
T17552 28045-28050 NN denotes THP-1
T17553 28051-28056 NN denotes cells
T17554 28057-28061 VB denotes were
T17555 28062-28073 VB denotes transfected
T17556 28074-28078 IN denotes with
T17557 28079-28080 DT denotes a
T17558 28081-28086 NN denotes NF-κB
T17559 28087-28095 NN denotes reporter
T17560 28096-28103 NN denotes plasmid
T17561 28104-28111 VB denotes driving
T17562 28112-28122 NN denotes expression
T17563 28123-28125 IN denotes of
T17564 28126-28136 NN denotes luciferase
T17565 28138-28143 NN denotes Cells
T17566 28144-28148 VB denotes were
T17567 28149-28153 RB denotes then
T17568 28154-28161 VB denotes treated
T17569 28162-28166 IN denotes with
T17570 28167-28174 JJ denotes various
T17571 28175-28189 NN denotes concentrations
T17572 28190-28192 IN denotes of
T17573 28193-28195 CD denotes 10
T17574 28196-28199 NN denotes kDa
T17575 28200-28201 -LRB- denotes (
T17576 28201-28210 NN denotes triangles
T17577 28210-28211 -RRB- denotes )
T17578 28211-28212 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17579 28213-28215 CC denotes or
T17580 28216-28218 CD denotes 40
T17581 28219-28222 NN denotes kDa
T17582 28223-28227 NN denotes dCGN
T17583 28228-28229 -LRB- denotes (
T17584 28229-28236 NN denotes squares
T17585 28236-28237 -RRB- denotes )
T17586 28239-28240 NN denotes B
T17587 28240-28241 -COLON- denotes :
T17588 28242-28247 NN denotes THP-1
T17589 28248-28253 NN denotes cells
T17590 28254-28261 VB denotes treated
T17591 28262-28266 IN denotes with
T17592 28267-28268 CD denotes 1
T17593 28269-28274 NN denotes mg/ml
T17594 28275-28277 IN denotes of
T17595 28278-28280 CD denotes 10
T17596 28281-28284 NN denotes kDa
T17597 28285-28289 NN denotes dCGN
T17598 28290-28291 -LRB- denotes (
T17599 28291-28294 NN denotes C10
T17600 28294-28295 -RRB- denotes )
T17601 28295-28296 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17602 28297-28299 CC denotes or
T17603 28300-28304 IN denotes with
T17604 28305-28306 CD denotes 1
T17605 28307-28312 NN denotes mg/ml
T17606 28313-28315 IN denotes of
T17607 28316-28318 CD denotes 40
T17608 28319-28322 NN denotes kDa
T17609 28323-28327 NN denotes dCGN
T17610 28328-28329 -LRB- denotes (
T17611 28329-28332 NN denotes C40
T17612 28332-28333 -RRB- denotes )
T17613 28334-28338 VB denotes were
T17614 28339-28344 VB denotes lysed
T17615 28345-28350 IN denotes after
T17616 28351-28358 JJ denotes various
T17617 28359-28366 NN denotes periods
T17618 28367-28369 IN denotes of
T17619 28370-28374 NN denotes time
T17620 28376-28384 NN denotes Proteins
T17621 28385-28387 IN denotes in
T17622 28388-28392 NN denotes cell
T17623 28393-28401 NN denotes extracts
T17624 28402-28406 VB denotes were
T17625 28407-28415 VB denotes resolved
T17626 28416-28418 IN denotes by
T17627 28419-28427 NN denotes SDS-PAGE
T17628 28428-28431 CC denotes and
T17629 28432-28436 RB denotes then
T17630 28437-28444 JJ denotes Western
T17631 28445-28452 VB denotes blotted
T17632 28453-28456 IN denotes for
T17633 28457-28461 NN denotes IκBα
T17634 28462-28464 CC denotes or
T17635 28465-28474 NN denotes α−tubulin
T17636 28475-28477 IN denotes as
T17637 28478-28485 VB denotes loading
T17638 28486-28493 NN denotes control
T17639 28495-28496 NN denotes C
T17640 28496-28497 -COLON- denotes :
T17641 28498-28506 VB denotes Degraded
T17642 28507-28519 NN denotes carrageenans
T17643 28520-28521 -LRB- denotes (
T17644 28521-28525 NN denotes dCGN
T17645 28525-28526 -RRB- denotes )
T17646 28527-28534 VB denotes induced
T17647 28535-28545 NN denotes activation
T17648 28546-28548 IN denotes of
T17649 28549-28554 NN denotes NF-κB
T17650 28556-28561 NN denotes THP-1
T17651 28562-28567 NN denotes cells
T17652 28568-28572 VB denotes were
T17653 28573-28580 VB denotes treated
T17654 28581-28585 IN denotes with
T17655 28586-28593 NN denotes nothing
T17656 28594-28595 -LRB- denotes (
T17657 28595-28602 NN denotes control
T17658 28602-28603 -RRB- denotes )
T17659 28603-28604 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17660 28605-28607 CC denotes or
T17661 28608-28612 IN denotes with
T17662 28613-28614 CD denotes 1
T17663 28615-28620 NN denotes mg/ml
T17664 28621-28623 IN denotes of
T17665 28624-28626 CD denotes 10
T17666 28627-28630 NN denotes kDa
T17667 28631-28635 NN denotes dCGN
T17668 28636-28637 -LRB- denotes (
T17669 28637-28640 NN denotes C10
T17670 28640-28641 -RRB- denotes )
T17671 28641-28642 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17672 28643-28645 CC denotes or
T17673 28646-28650 IN denotes with
T17674 28651-28652 CD denotes 1
T17675 28653-28658 NN denotes mg/ml
T17676 28659-28661 IN denotes of
T17677 28662-28664 CD denotes 40
T17678 28665-28668 NN denotes kDa
T17679 28669-28673 NN denotes dCGN
T17680 28674-28675 -LRB- denotes (
T17681 28675-28678 NN denotes C40
T17682 28678-28679 -RRB- denotes )
T17683 28680-28683 IN denotes for
T17684 28684-28686 CD denotes 30
T17685 28687-28694 NN denotes minutes
T17686 28695-28697 IN denotes at
T17687 28698-28703 NNP denotes 37°C.
T17688 28704-28710 NNP denotes Nuclei
T17689 28711-28715 VB denotes were
T17690 28716-28724 VB denotes isolated
T17691 28725-28728 CC denotes and
T17692 28729-28734 VB denotes lysed
T17693 28736-28744 NN denotes Proteins
T17694 28745-28747 IN denotes in
T17695 28748-28755 JJ denotes nuclear
T17696 28756-28764 NN denotes extracts
T17697 28765-28769 VB denotes were
T17698 28770-28778 VB denotes resolved
T17699 28779-28781 IN denotes by
T17700 28782-28790 NN denotes SDS-PAGE
T17701 28791-28794 CC denotes and
T17702 28795-28799 RB denotes then
T17703 28800-28807 JJ denotes Western
T17704 28808-28815 VB denotes blotted
T17705 28816-28819 IN denotes for
T17706 28820-28825 NN denotes NF-κB
T17707 28826-28829 NN denotes p50
T17708 28830-28837 NN denotes subunit
T17709 28838-28839 -LRB- denotes (
T17710 28839-28842 NN denotes p50
T17711 28842-28843 -RRB- denotes )
T17712 28844-28846 CC denotes or
T17713 28847-28852 NN denotes NF-κB
T17714 28853-28856 NN denotes p65
T17715 28857-28864 NN denotes subunit
T17716 28865-28866 -LRB- denotes (
T17717 28866-28869 NN denotes p65
T17718 28869-28870 -RRB- denotes )
T17719 28872-28877 JJ denotes Lower
T17720 28878-28884 NN denotes panels
T17721 28885-28889 VB denotes show
T17722 28890-28897 JJ denotes Western
T17723 28898-28903 NN denotes blots
T17724 28904-28906 IN denotes of
T17725 28907-28914 JJ denotes nuclear
T17726 28915-28918 NN denotes ERK
T17727 28919-28928 VB denotes revealing
T17728 28929-28939 JJ denotes equivalent
T17729 28940-28946 NN denotes amount
T17730 28947-28949 IN denotes of
T17731 28950-28957 NN denotes protein
T17732 28958-28960 IN denotes in
T17733 28961-28965 DT denotes each
T17734 28966-28972 NN denotes sample
T17735 28974-28978 NN denotes Data
T17736 28979-28982 VB denotes are
T17737 28983-28997 JJ denotes representative
T17738 28998-29000 IN denotes of
T17739 29001-29006 CD denotes three
T17740 29007-29015 JJ denotes separate
T17741 29016-29027 NN denotes experiments
T17742 29029-29030 NN denotes D
T17743 29030-29031 -COLON- denotes :
T17744 29032-29040 VB denotes Degraded
T17745 29041-29052 NN denotes carrageenan
T17746 29053-29054 -LRB- denotes (
T17747 29054-29058 NN denotes dCGN
T17748 29058-29059 -RRB- denotes )
T17749 29060-29067 VB denotes induced
T17750 29068-29078 NN denotes activation
T17751 29079-29081 IN denotes of
T17752 29082-29087 NN denotes NF-κB
T17753 29089-29095 NN denotes Nuclei
T17754 29096-29104 VB denotes isolated
T17755 29105-29109 IN denotes from
T17756 29110-29115 NN denotes THP-1
T17757 29116-29121 NN denotes cells
T17758 29122-29126 VB denotes were
T17759 29127-29147 JJ denotes fluorescence-stained
T17760 29148-29151 IN denotes for
T17761 29152-29157 NN denotes NF-κB
T17762 29158-29161 NN denotes p50
T17763 29162-29169 NN denotes subunit
T17764 29170-29172 CC denotes or
T17765 29173-29178 NN denotes NF-κB
T17766 29179-29182 NN denotes p65
T17767 29183-29190 NN denotes subunit
T17768 29191-29197 IN denotes before
T17769 29198-29199 -LRB- denotes (
T17770 29199-29205 VB denotes filled
T17771 29206-29210 NN denotes area
T17772 29210-29211 -RRB- denotes )
T17773 29212-29214 CC denotes or
T17774 29215-29220 IN denotes after
T17775 29221-29226 NN denotes cells
T17776 29227-29231 VB denotes were
T17777 29232-29239 VB denotes treated
T17778 29240-29244 IN denotes with
T17779 29245-29246 CD denotes 1
T17780 29247-29252 NN denotes mg/ml
T17781 29253-29255 IN denotes of
T17782 29256-29258 CD denotes 10
T17783 29259-29262 NN denotes kDa
T17784 29263-29267 NN denotes dCGN
T17785 29268-29269 -LRB- denotes (
T17786 29269-29272 NN denotes C10
T17787 29272-29273 -RRB- denotes )
T17788 29273-29274 -COMMA- denotes ,
T17789 29275-29277 CC denotes or
T17790 29278-29282 IN denotes with
T17791 29283-29284 CD denotes 1
T17792 29285-29290 NN denotes mg/ml
T17793 29291-29293 IN denotes of
T17794 29294-29296 CD denotes 40
T17795 29297-29300 NN denotes kDa
T17796 29301-29305 NN denotes dCGN
T17797 29306-29307 -LRB- denotes (
T17798 29307-29310 NN denotes C40
T17799 29310-29311 -RRB- denotes )
T17800 29312-29315 IN denotes for
T17801 29316-29318 CD denotes 30
T17802 29319-29326 NN denotes minutes
T17803 29327-29329 IN denotes at
T17804 29330-29335 NNP denotes 37°C.
T17805 29336-29342 NNP denotes Dashed
T17806 29343-29347 NN denotes line
T17807 29348-29359 VB denotes corresponds
T17808 29360-29362 TO denotes to
T17809 29363-29369 NN denotes nuclei
T17810 29370-29377 VB denotes stained
T17811 29378-29382 RB denotes only
T17812 29383-29387 IN denotes with
T17813 29388-29397 JJ denotes secondary
T17814 29398-29410 NN denotes fluorescence
T17815 29411-29419 NN denotes antibody
T17816 29421-29433 NN denotes Fluorescence
T17817 29434-29443 NN denotes intensity
T17818 29444-29447 VB denotes was
T17819 29448-29456 VB denotes analyzed
T17820 29457-29459 IN denotes by
T17821 29460-29464 NN denotes flow
T17822 29465-29474 NN denotes cytometry
T17823 29475-29477 IN denotes as
T17824 29478-29487 VB denotes described
T2817 6643-6650 NN denotes Animals
R28 T87 T84 arg1Of Colitis,Degraded
R29 T87 T85 arg1Of Colitis,Carrageenan
R30 T87 T86 arg1Of Colitis,Causing
R31 T87 T88 arg1Of Colitis,in
R32 T87 T90 arg1Of Colitis,Induces
R33 T89 T88 arg2Of Rats,in
R34 T90 T98 arg1Of Induces,through
R35 T92 T91 arg1Of Secretion,TNF
R36 T92 T93 arg1Of Secretion,and
R37 T93 T90 arg2Of and,Induces
R38 T93 T96 arg1Of and,in
R39 T95 T93 arg2Of Upregulation,and
R40 T95 T94 arg1Of Upregulation,ICAM-1
R41 T97 T96 arg2Of Monocytes,in
R42 T100 T98 arg2Of Activation,through
R43 T100 T99 arg1Of Activation,NF-κB
R44 T101 T102 arg1Of Carrageenan,(
R45 T101 T105 arg1Of Carrageenan,is
R46 T103 T102 arg2Of CGN,(
R47 T104 T102 arg3Of ),(
R48 T109 T105 arg2Of weight,is
R49 T109 T106 arg1Of weight,a
R50 T109 T107 arg1Of weight,high
R51 T109 T108 arg1Of weight,molecular
R52 T109 T110 arg2Of weight,sulphated
R53 T111 T110 arg3Of polysaccharide,sulphated
R54 T111 T112 arg2Of polysaccharide,derived
R55 T112 T113 arg1Of derived,from
R56 T115 T113 arg2Of seaweeds,from
R57 T115 T114 arg1Of seaweeds,red
R58 T117 T116 arg2Of rodents,In
R59 T121 T119 arg1Of forms,its
R60 T121 T120 arg1Of forms,degraded
R61 T121 T122 arg1Of forms,(
R62 T121 T125 arg1Of forms,can
R63 T121 T126 arg1Of forms,induce
R64 T123 T122 arg2Of dCGN,(
R65 T124 T122 arg3Of ),(
R66 T126 T116 arg1Of induce,In
R67 T126 T118 arg1Of induce,","
R68 T126 T125 arg2Of induce,can
R69 T128 T126 arg2Of inflammation,induce
R70 T128 T127 arg1Of inflammation,intestinal
R71 T128 T129 arg2Of inflammation,associated
R72 T129 T130 arg1Of associated,with
R73 T132 T133 arg1Of recruitment,and
R74 T133 T130 arg2Of and,with
R75 T133 T131 arg1Of and,macrophage
R76 T134 T133 arg2Of activation,and
R77 T136 T135 arg1Of aim,The
R78 T136 T137 arg1Of aim,of
R79 T136 T140 arg1Of aim,was
R80 T139 T137 arg2Of study,of
R81 T139 T138 arg1Of study,this
R82 T140 T141 arg1Of was,:
R83 T142 T143 arg1Of 1,)
R84 T145 T144 arg1Of analyze,to
R85 T145 T155 arg1Of analyze,vivo
R86 T145 T157 arg1Of analyze,and
R87 T145 T160 arg1Of analyze,to
R88 T145 T161 arg1Of analyze,correlate
R89 T148 T145 arg2Of effects,analyze
R90 T148 T146 arg1Of effects,the
R91 T148 T147 arg1Of effects,size-dependent
R92 T148 T149 arg1Of effects,of
R93 T148 T151 arg1Of effects,on
R94 T150 T149 arg2Of dCGN,of
R95 T153 T151 arg2Of inflammation,on
R96 T153 T152 arg1Of inflammation,colon
R97 T155 T154 arg1Of vivo,in
R98 T157 T156 arg1Of and,","
R99 T158 T159 arg1Of 2,)
R100 T160 T158 arg1Of to,2
R101 T161 T142 arg1Of correlate,1
R102 T163 T161 arg2Of effects,correlate
R103 T163 T162 arg1Of effects,these
R104 T163 T164 arg1Of effects,with
R105 T166 T165 arg1Of proliferation,monocyte/macrophage
R106 T166 T167 arg1Of proliferation,","
R107 T167 T170 arg1Of ",",and
R108 T169 T167 arg2Of production,","
R109 T169 T168 arg1Of production,cytokine
R110 T170 T164 arg2Of and,with
R111 T171 T170 arg2Of expression,and
R112 T171 T172 arg1Of expression,of
R113 T176 T172 arg2Of antigens,of
R114 T176 T173 arg1Of antigens,various
R115 T176 T174 arg1Of antigens,cell
R116 T176 T175 arg1Of antigens,surface
R117 T176 T177 arg1Of antigens,including
R118 T180 T177 arg2Of molecule,including
R119 T180 T178 arg1Of molecule,ICAM-1
R120 T180 T179 arg1Of molecule,adhesion
R121 T183 T181 arg1Of monocytes,Peripheral
R122 T183 T182 arg1Of monocytes,blood
R123 T183 T184 arg1Of monocytes,(
R124 T183 T187 arg1Of monocytes,and
R125 T185 T184 arg2Of PBM,(
R126 T186 T184 arg3Of ),(
R127 T187 T191 arg1Of and,were
R128 T187 T192 arg2Of and,cultured
R129 T190 T187 arg2Of cells,and
R130 T190 T188 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R131 T190 T189 arg1Of cells,monocytic
R132 T192 T191 arg2Of cultured,were
R133 T192 T193 arg1Of cultured,in
R134 T195 T193 arg2Of presence,in
R135 T195 T194 arg1Of presence,the
R136 T195 T196 arg1Of presence,of
R137 T198 T199 arg1Of 10,or
R138 T199 T197 arg1Of or,either
R139 T200 T199 arg2Of 40,or
R140 T201 T196 arg2Of kDa,of
R141 T201 T198 arg1Of kDa,10
R142 T201 T200 arg1Of kDa,40
R143 T201 T202 arg1Of kDa,","
R144 T203 T202 arg2Of dCGN,","
R145 T206 T204 arg1Of kDa,The
R146 T206 T205 arg1Of kDa,40
R147 T206 T208 arg1Of kDa,but
R148 T208 T207 arg1Of but,","
R149 T208 T209 arg1Of but,not
R150 T208 T215 arg1Of but,induced
R151 T213 T208 arg2Of dCGN,but
R152 T213 T210 arg1Of dCGN,the
R153 T213 T211 arg1Of dCGN,10
R154 T213 T212 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R155 T215 T214 arg1Of induced,","
R156 T215 T219 arg1Of induced,vivo
R157 T216 T215 arg2Of colitis,induced
R158 T216 T217 arg1Of colitis,in
R159 T219 T218 arg1Of vivo,in
R160 T221 T220 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R161 T221 T222 arg1Of CGN,inhibited
R162 T221 T229 arg1Of CGN,arresting
R163 T222 T227 arg1Of inhibited,vitro
R164 T222 T228 arg1Of inhibited,","
R165 T222 T229 modOf inhibited,arresting
R166 T225 T222 arg2Of proliferation,inhibited
R167 T225 T223 arg1Of proliferation,THP-1
R168 T225 T224 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R169 T227 T226 arg1Of vitro,in
R170 T231 T229 arg2Of cells,arresting
R171 T231 T230 arg1Of cells,the
R172 T231 T232 arg1Of cells,in
R173 T234 T232 arg2Of phase,in
R174 T234 T233 arg1Of phase,G1
R175 T236 T235 arg2Of addition,In
R176 T238 T239 arg1Of dCGN,increased
R177 T239 T235 arg1Of increased,In
R178 T239 T237 arg1Of increased,","
R179 T239 T242 arg1Of increased,in
R180 T239 T248 arg1Of increased,with
R181 T241 T239 arg2Of expression,increased
R182 T241 T240 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R183 T244 T245 arg1Of PBM,and
R184 T245 T242 arg2Of and,in
R185 T245 T243 arg1Of and,both
R186 T247 T245 arg2Of cells,and
R187 T247 T246 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R188 T251 T248 arg2Of effect,with
R189 T251 T249 arg1Of effect,a
R190 T251 T250 arg1Of effect,major
R191 T251 T252 arg2Of effect,seen
R192 T252 T253 arg1Of seen,after
R193 T257 T253 arg2Of exposure,after
R194 T257 T254 arg1Of exposure,40
R195 T257 T255 arg1Of exposure,kDa
R196 T257 T256 arg1Of exposure,dCGN
R197 T260 T261 arg1Of dCGN,stimulated
R198 T261 T258 arg1Of stimulated,Also
R199 T261 T259 arg1Of stimulated,","
R200 T263 T261 arg2Of aggregation,stimulated
R201 T263 T262 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R202 T263 T265 arg1Of aggregation,vitro
R203 T263 T266 arg1Of aggregation,that
R204 T263 T267 arg1Of aggregation,was
R205 T263 T268 arg2Of aggregation,prevented
R206 T265 T264 arg1Of vitro,in
R207 T268 T267 arg2Of prevented,was
R208 T270 T268 arg1Of incubation,prevented
R209 T270 T269 arg2Of incubation,by
R210 T270 T271 arg1Of incubation,with
R211 T273 T271 arg2Of antibody,with
R212 T273 T272 arg1Of antibody,anti-ICAM-1
R213 T276 T277 arg1Of dCGN,stimulated
R214 T277 T274 arg1Of stimulated,Finally
R215 T277 T275 arg1Of stimulated,","
R216 T277 T282 arg1Of stimulated,by
R217 T279 T280 arg1Of expression,and
R218 T280 T277 arg2Of and,stimulated
R219 T280 T278 arg1Of and,TNF-α
R220 T281 T280 arg2Of secretion,and
R221 T284 T285 arg1Of PBM,and
R222 T285 T282 arg2Of and,by
R223 T285 T283 arg1Of and,both
R224 T287 T285 arg2Of cells,and
R225 T287 T286 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R226 T290 T288 arg1Of effects,All
R227 T290 T289 arg1Of effects,these
R228 T290 T291 arg1Of effects,were
R229 T290 T292 arg2Of effects,linked
R230 T292 T291 arg2Of linked,were
R231 T292 T293 arg1Of linked,to
R232 T295 T293 arg2Of activation,to
R233 T295 T294 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R234 T297 T296 arg1Of data,These
R235 T297 T299 arg1Of data,suggest
R236 T299 T298 arg1Of suggest,strongly
R237 T303 T301 arg1Of forms,the
R238 T303 T302 arg1Of forms,degraded
R239 T303 T304 arg1Of forms,of
R240 T303 T306 arg1Of forms,have
R241 T305 T304 arg2Of CGN,of
R242 T306 T299 arg2Of have,suggest
R243 T306 T300 arg1Of have,that
R244 T309 T306 arg2Of effect,have
R245 T309 T307 arg1Of effect,a
R246 T309 T308 arg1Of effect,pronounced
R247 T309 T310 arg1Of effect,on
R248 T309 T312 arg1Of effect,","
R249 T309 T313 arg1Of effect,characteristic
R250 T311 T310 arg2Of monocytes,on
R251 T313 T314 arg1Of characteristic,of
R252 T317 T314 arg2Of phenotype,of
R253 T317 T315 arg1Of phenotype,an
R254 T317 T316 arg1Of phenotype,inflammatory
R579 T776 T777 arg1Of Carrageenan,(
R580 T776 T780 arg1Of Carrageenan,is
R581 T778 T777 arg2Of CGN,(
R582 T779 T777 arg3Of ),(
R583 T784 T780 arg2Of weight,is
R584 T784 T781 arg1Of weight,a
R585 T784 T782 arg1Of weight,high
R586 T784 T783 arg1Of weight,molecular
R587 T784 T785 arg2Of weight,sulphated
R588 T786 T785 arg3Of polysaccharide,sulphated
R589 T786 T787 arg1Of polysaccharide,(
R590 T786 T792 arg2Of polysaccharide,derived
R591 T789 T788 arg1Of 200,>
R592 T790 T787 arg2Of kDa,(
R593 T790 T789 arg1Of kDa,200
R594 T791 T787 arg3Of ),(
R595 T792 T793 arg1Of derived,from
R596 T795 T793 arg2Of algae,from
R597 T795 T794 arg1Of algae,red
R598 T795 T796 arg1Of algae,(
R599 T797 T796 arg2Of Rhodophyceae,(
R600 T798 T796 arg3Of ),(
R601 T801 T799 arg1Of forms,Three
R602 T801 T800 arg1Of forms,main
R603 T801 T802 arg1Of forms,of
R604 T801 T804 arg1Of forms,have
R605 T801 T805 arg1Of forms,been
R606 T801 T806 arg2Of forms,identified
R607 T803 T802 arg2Of CGN,of
R608 T806 T804 arg2Of identified,have
R609 T806 T805 arg2Of identified,been
R610 T806 T807 arg1Of identified,:
R611 T808 T809 arg1Of kappa,","
R612 T809 T812 arg1Of ",",and
R613 T810 T809 arg2Of iota,","
R614 T812 T806 arg3Of and,identified
R615 T812 T811 arg1Of and,","
R616 T813 T812 arg2Of lambda,and
R617 T814 T815 arg1Of They,differ
R618 T815 T816 arg1Of differ,from
R619 T815 T819 arg1Of differ,in
R620 T815 T827 arg1Of differ,","
R621 T815 T828 arg1Of differ,[
R622 T818 T816 arg2Of other,from
R623 T818 T817 arg1Of other,each
R624 T821 T820 arg1Of degree,sulphation
R625 T821 T822 arg1Of degree,and
R626 T822 T819 arg2Of and,in
R627 T823 T822 arg2Of solubility,and
R628 T823 T824 arg1Of solubility,[
R629 T825 T824 arg2Of 1,[
R630 T826 T824 arg3Of ],[
R631 T829 T828 arg2Of 2,[
R632 T830 T828 arg3Of ],[
R633 T832 T831 arg1Of CGN,Native
R634 T832 T833 arg1Of CGN,is
R635 T832 T834 arg2Of CGN,thought
R636 T832 T836 arg1Of CGN,be
R637 T832 T837 arg1Of CGN,harmless
R638 T832 T839 arg1Of CGN,is
R639 T832 T841 arg2Of CGN,used
R640 T834 T833 arg2Of thought,is
R641 T834 T838 arg1Of thought,and
R642 T836 T834 arg3Of be,thought
R643 T836 T835 arg1Of be,to
R644 T837 T836 arg2Of harmless,be
R645 T841 T838 arg2Of used,and
R646 T841 T839 arg2Of used,is
R647 T841 T840 arg1Of used,widely
R648 T841 T842 arg1Of used,as
R649 T844 T842 arg2Of food,as
R650 T844 T843 arg1Of food,a
R651 T844 T845 arg1Of food,additive
R652 T847 T845 arg2Of improve,additive
R653 T847 T846 arg1Of improve,to
R654 T848 T847 arg2Of texture,improve
R655 T849 T850 arg1Of It,is
R656 T849 T852 arg2Of It,used
R657 T852 T850 arg2Of used,is
R658 T852 T851 arg1Of used,also
R659 T852 T853 arg1Of used,in
R660 T854 T855 arg1Of cosmetics,and
R661 T855 T853 arg2Of and,in
R662 T856 T855 arg2Of pharmaceuticals,and
R663 T860 T859 arg1Of treatment,acid
R664 T860 T861 arg1Of treatment,at
R665 T860 T867 arg1Of treatment,triggers
R666 T863 T861 arg2Of temperature,at
R667 T863 T862 arg1Of temperature,high
R668 T863 T864 arg1Of temperature,(
R669 T865 T864 arg2Of 80°C,(
R670 T866 T864 arg3Of ),(
R671 T867 T857 arg1Of triggers,However
R672 T867 T858 arg1Of triggers,","
R673 T867 T870 modOf triggers,to
R674 T869 T867 arg2Of hydrolysis,triggers
R675 T869 T868 arg1Of hydrolysis,CGN
R676 T871 T870 arg1Of lower,to
R677 T876 T875 arg1Of 50,<
R678 T877 T874 arg2Of kDa,(
R679 T877 T876 arg1Of kDa,50
R680 T878 T874 arg3Of ),(
R681 T879 T871 arg2Of compounds,lower
R682 T879 T872 arg1Of compounds,molecular
R683 T879 T873 arg1Of compounds,weight
R684 T879 T874 arg1Of compounds,(
R685 T879 T880 arg2Of compounds,known
R686 T880 T881 arg1Of known,as
R687 T882 T883 arg1Of poligeenan,or
R688 T883 T881 arg2Of or,as
R689 T885 T883 arg2Of CGN,or
R690 T885 T884 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R691 T885 T886 arg1Of CGN,(
R692 T887 T886 arg2Of dCGN,(
R693 T888 T886 arg3Of ),(
R694 T890 T889 arg1Of dCGNs,These
R695 T890 T891 arg1Of dCGNs,induce
R696 T890 T894 arg1Of dCGNs,have
R697 T890 T895 arg1Of dCGNs,been
R698 T890 T897 arg2Of dCGNs,used
R699 T891 T893 arg1Of induce,and
R700 T892 T891 arg2Of inflammation,induce
R701 T897 T893 arg2Of used,and
R702 T897 T894 arg2Of used,have
R703 T897 T895 arg2Of used,been
R704 T897 T896 arg1Of used,widely
R705 T897 T898 arg1Of used,as
R706 T899 T898 arg2Of models,as
R707 T899 T900 arg1Of models,of
R708 T901 T900 arg2Of colitis,of
R709 T901 T902 arg1Of colitis,in
R710 T904 T902 arg2Of species,in
R711 T904 T903 arg1Of species,several
R712 T904 T905 arg1Of species,","
R713 T904 T906 arg1Of species,including
R714 T907 T906 arg2Of rats,including
R715 T907 T908 arg1Of rats,[
R716 T907 T911 arg1Of rats,","
R717 T909 T908 arg2Of 3,[
R718 T910 T908 arg3Of ],[
R719 T912 T913 arg1Of rabbits,[
R720 T912 T916 arg1Of rabbits,and
R721 T914 T913 arg2Of 4,[
R722 T915 T913 arg3Of ],[
R723 T916 T911 arg2Of and,","
R724 T918 T916 arg2Of pigs,and
R725 T918 T917 arg1Of pigs,guinea
R726 T918 T919 arg1Of pigs,[
R727 T920 T919 arg2Of 5,[
R728 T921 T919 arg3Of ],[
R729 T923 T922 arg1Of role,The
R730 T923 T924 arg1Of role,of
R731 T923 T926 arg1Of role,as
R732 T923 T930 arg1Of role,remains
R733 T923 T931 arg1Of role,controversial
R734 T925 T924 arg2Of dCGN,of
R735 T929 T926 arg2Of factor,as
R736 T929 T927 arg1Of factor,a
R737 T929 T928 arg1Of factor,tumor-promoting
R738 T930 T932 arg1Of remains,[
R739 T930 T935 arg1Of remains,","
R740 T930 T936 arg1Of remains,[
R741 T930 T939 arg1Of remains,–
R742 T931 T930 arg2Of controversial,remains
R743 T933 T932 arg2Of 4,[
R744 T934 T932 arg3Of ],[
R745 T937 T936 arg2Of 6,[
R746 T938 T936 arg3Of ],[
R747 T940 T939 arg2Of [,–
R748 T941 T939 arg3Of 8,–
R749 T945 T943 arg1Of form,the
R750 T945 T944 arg1Of form,native
R751 T945 T946 arg1Of form,is
R752 T945 T947 arg2Of form,thought
R753 T945 T949 arg1Of form,be
R754 T945 T950 arg1Of form,harmless
R755 T947 T942 arg2Of thought,Although
R756 T947 T946 arg2Of thought,is
R757 T949 T947 arg3Of be,thought
R758 T949 T948 arg1Of be,to
R759 T950 T949 arg2Of harmless,be
R760 T950 T951 arg1Of harmless,for
R761 T953 T951 arg2Of consumption,for
R762 T953 T952 arg1Of consumption,human
R763 T956 T955 arg1Of amounts,small
R764 T956 T957 arg1Of amounts,of
R765 T956 T959 arg1Of amounts,are
R766 T956 T961 arg2Of amounts,produced
R767 T958 T957 arg2Of dCGN,of
R768 T961 T942 arg1Of produced,Although
R769 T961 T954 arg1Of produced,","
R770 T961 T959 arg2Of produced,are
R771 T961 T960 arg1Of produced,probably
R772 T961 T983 arg1Of produced,","
R773 T961 T984 arg1Of produced,[
R774 T964 T963 arg1Of hydrolysis,acid
R775 T964 T965 arg1Of hydrolysis,during
R776 T964 T972 arg1Of hydrolysis,[
R777 T964 T975 arg1Of hydrolysis,or
R778 T967 T965 arg2Of digestion,during
R779 T967 T966 arg1Of digestion,gastric
R780 T967 T968 arg1Of digestion,[
R781 T967 T971 arg1Of digestion,","
R782 T969 T968 arg2Of 9,[
R783 T970 T968 arg3Of ],[
R784 T973 T972 arg2Of 10,[
R785 T974 T972 arg3Of ],[
R786 T975 T961 arg1Of or,produced
R787 T975 T962 arg2Of or,by
R788 T976 T975 arg2Of interaction,or
R789 T976 T977 arg1Of interaction,with
R790 T979 T977 arg2Of bacteria,with
R791 T979 T978 arg1Of bacteria,intestinal
R792 T979 T980 arg1Of bacteria,[
R793 T981 T980 arg2Of 11,[
R794 T982 T980 arg3Of ],[
R795 T985 T984 arg2Of 12,[
R796 T986 T984 arg3Of ],[
R797 T989 T988 arg1Of effects,the
R798 T989 T990 arg1Of effects,of
R799 T989 T994 arg1Of effects,on
R800 T989 T997 arg1Of effects,have
R801 T989 T998 arg1Of effects,been
R802 T989 T1000 arg2Of effects,analyzed
R803 T991 T992 arg1Of native,and
R804 T993 T990 arg2Of dCGN,of
R805 T993 T991 arg1Of dCGN,native
R806 T996 T994 arg2Of inflammation,on
R807 T996 T995 arg1Of inflammation,intestinal
R808 T1000 T987 arg2Of analyzed,Whereas
R809 T1000 T997 arg2Of analyzed,have
R810 T1000 T998 arg2Of analyzed,been
R811 T1000 T999 arg1Of analyzed,extensively
R812 T1000 T1001 arg1Of analyzed,in
R813 T1003 T1001 arg2Of models,in
R814 T1003 T1002 arg1Of models,animal
R815 T1007 T1005 arg1Of studies,only
R816 T1007 T1006 arg1Of studies,few
R817 T1007 T1008 arg1Of studies,have
R818 T1007 T1009 arg1Of studies,been
R819 T1007 T1010 arg2Of studies,conducted
R820 T1010 T987 arg1Of conducted,Whereas
R821 T1010 T1004 arg1Of conducted,","
R822 T1010 T1008 arg2Of conducted,have
R823 T1010 T1009 arg2Of conducted,been
R824 T1010 T1011 modOf conducted,using
R825 T1014 T1011 arg2Of lines,using
R826 T1014 T1012 arg1Of lines,human
R827 T1014 T1013 arg1Of lines,cell
R828 T1016 T1015 arg1Of studies,Recent
R829 T1016 T1017 arg1Of studies,have
R830 T1016 T1018 arg1Of studies,shown
R831 T1018 T1017 arg2Of shown,have
R832 T1018 T1047 arg1Of shown,[
R833 T1018 T1050 arg1Of shown,","
R834 T1018 T1051 arg1Of shown,[
R835 T1020 T1018 arg2Of link,shown
R836 T1020 T1019 arg1Of link,a
R837 T1020 T1021 arg1Of link,between
R838 T1020 T1030 arg1Of link,by
R839 T1020 T1039 arg1Of link,","
R840 T1020 T1040 arg1Of link,via
R841 T1022 T1023 arg1Of exposure,to
R842 T1022 T1027 arg1Of exposure,and
R843 T1026 T1023 arg2Of CGN,to
R844 T1026 T1024 arg1Of CGN,native
R845 T1026 T1025 arg1Of CGN,form
R846 T1027 T1021 arg2Of and,between
R847 T1029 T1027 arg2Of production,and
R848 T1029 T1028 arg1Of production,IL-8
R849 T1036 T1030 arg2Of line,by
R850 T1036 T1031 arg1Of line,the
R851 T1036 T1032 arg1Of line,human
R852 T1036 T1033 arg1Of line,intestinal
R853 T1036 T1034 arg1Of line,epithelial
R854 T1036 T1035 arg1Of line,cell
R855 T1036 T1037 arg1Of line,","
R856 T1038 T1037 arg2Of NCM460,","
R857 T1044 T1043 arg2Of NF-κB,(
R858 T1045 T1043 arg3Of ),(
R859 T1046 T1040 arg2Of activation,via
R860 T1046 T1041 arg1Of activation,Nuclear
R861 T1046 T1042 arg1Of activation,Factor-κB
R862 T1046 T1043 arg1Of activation,(
R863 T1048 T1047 arg2Of 13,[
R864 T1049 T1047 arg3Of ],[
R865 T1052 T1051 arg2Of 14,[
R866 T1053 T1051 arg3Of ],[
R867 T1054 T1055 arg1Of NF-κB,is
R868 T1058 T1055 arg2Of factor,is
R869 T1058 T1056 arg1Of factor,a
R870 T1058 T1057 arg1Of factor,transcription
R871 T1058 T1059 arg1Of factor,that
R872 T1058 T1060 arg1Of factor,regulates
R873 T1060 T1071 arg1Of regulates,","
R874 T1060 T1072 arg1Of regulates,[
R875 T1062 T1060 arg2Of expression,regulates
R876 T1062 T1061 arg1Of expression,the
R877 T1062 T1063 arg1Of expression,of
R878 T1064 T1063 arg2Of genes,of
R879 T1064 T1065 arg2Of genes,associated
R880 T1065 T1066 arg1Of associated,with
R881 T1067 T1066 arg2Of inflammation,with
R882 T1067 T1068 arg1Of inflammation,[
R883 T1069 T1068 arg2Of 15,[
R884 T1070 T1068 arg3Of ],[
R885 T1073 T1072 arg2Of 16,[
R886 T1074 T1072 arg3Of ],[
R887 T1076 T1077 arg1Of infiltration,and
R888 T1077 T1075 arg1Of and,Macrophage
R889 T1077 T1079 arg1Of and,is
R890 T1078 T1077 arg2Of accumulation,and
R891 T1079 T1086 arg1Of is,[
R892 T1082 T1079 arg2Of characteristic,is
R893 T1082 T1080 arg1Of characteristic,a
R894 T1082 T1081 arg1Of characteristic,common
R895 T1082 T1083 arg1Of characteristic,of
R896 T1085 T1083 arg2Of diseases,of
R897 T1085 T1084 arg1Of diseases,intestinal
R898 T1087 T1086 arg2Of 17,[
R899 T1088 T1086 arg3Of ],[
R900 T1089 T1090 arg1Of Macrophages,represent
R901 T1089 T1099 arg1Of Macrophages,secrete
R902 T1089 T1108 arg1Of Macrophages,express
R903 T1090 T1098 arg1Of represent,","
R904 T1092 T1090 arg2Of %,represent
R905 T1092 T1091 arg1Of %,10
R906 T1092 T1093 arg1Of %,of
R907 T1097 T1093 arg2Of cells,of
R908 T1097 T1094 arg1Of cells,total
R909 T1097 T1095 arg1Of cells,lamina
R910 T1097 T1096 arg1Of cells,propria
R911 T1098 T1107 arg1Of ",",and
R912 T1099 T1098 arg2Of secrete,","
R913 T1102 T1099 arg2Of range,secrete
R914 T1102 T1100 arg1Of range,a
R915 T1102 T1101 arg1Of range,wide
R916 T1102 T1103 arg1Of range,of
R917 T1106 T1103 arg2Of compounds,of
R918 T1106 T1104 arg1Of compounds,biologically
R919 T1106 T1105 arg1Of compounds,active
R920 T1108 T1107 arg2Of express,and
R921 T1110 T1108 arg2Of molecules,express
R922 T1110 T1109 arg1Of molecules,cell-adhesion
R923 T1114 T1111 arg1Of response,The
R924 T1114 T1112 arg1Of response,immune
R925 T1114 T1113 arg1Of response,cell
R926 T1114 T1115 arg1Of response,to
R927 T1114 T1119 arg1Of response,seems
R928 T1114 T1121 arg1Of response,be
R929 T1114 T1122 arg2Of response,amplified
R930 T1114 T1125 arg2Of response,generated
R931 T1118 T1115 arg2Of stimulus,to
R932 T1118 T1116 arg1Of stimulus,an
R933 T1118 T1117 arg1Of stimulus,inflammatory
R934 T1122 T1123 arg1Of amplified,or
R935 T1123 T1119 arg2Of or,seems
R936 T1123 T1120 arg1Of or,to
R937 T1123 T1121 arg2Of or,be
R938 T1125 T1123 arg2Of generated,or
R939 T1125 T1124 arg1Of generated,directly
R940 T1125 T1126 arg1Of generated,by
R941 T1127 T1126 arg2Of cells,by
R942 T1127 T1128 arg2Of cells,exposed
R943 T1128 T1129 arg1Of exposed,to
R944 T1131 T1129 arg2Of polysaccharides,to
R945 T1131 T1130 arg1Of polysaccharides,sulphated
R946 T1131 T1133 arg1Of polysaccharides,as
R947 T1133 T1132 arg1Of as,such
R948 T1134 T1133 arg2Of carrageenans,as
R949 T1137 T1138 arg2Of inflammation,induced
R950 T1137 T1141 arg1Of inflammation,was
R951 T1137 T1142 arg2Of inflammation,associated
R952 T1140 T1138 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R953 T1140 T1139 arg2Of dCGN,by
R954 T1142 T1135 arg1Of associated,Indeed
R955 T1142 T1136 arg1Of associated,","
R956 T1142 T1141 arg2Of associated,was
R957 T1142 T1143 arg1Of associated,with
R958 T1142 T1153 arg1Of associated,","
R959 T1142 T1154 arg1Of associated,[
R960 T1144 T1143 arg2Of recruitment,with
R961 T1144 T1145 arg1Of recruitment,of
R962 T1144 T1147 arg1Of recruitment,to
R963 T1146 T1145 arg2Of macrophages,of
R964 T1149 T1147 arg2Of sites,to
R965 T1149 T1148 arg1Of sites,inflammation
R966 T1149 T1150 arg1Of sites,[
R967 T1151 T1150 arg2Of 18,[
R968 T1152 T1150 arg3Of ],[
R969 T1155 T1154 arg2Of 19,[
R970 T1156 T1154 arg3Of ],[
R971 T1159 T1160 arg2Of inflammation,induced
R972 T1159 T1173 arg1Of inflammation,was
R973 T1159 T1175 arg2Of inflammation,associated
R974 T1164 T1160 arg1Of Sodium,induced
R975 T1164 T1161 arg2Of Sodium,by
R976 T1164 T1162 arg1Of Sodium,Dextran
R977 T1164 T1163 arg1Of Sodium,Sulphate
R978 T1164 T1165 arg1Of Sodium,(
R979 T1164 T1168 arg1Of Sodium,","
R980 T1166 T1165 arg2Of DSS,(
R981 T1167 T1165 arg3Of ),(
R982 T1171 T1168 arg2Of compound,","
R983 T1171 T1169 arg1Of compound,another
R984 T1171 T1170 arg2Of compound,sulphated
R985 T1175 T1157 arg1Of associated,Also
R986 T1175 T1158 arg1Of associated,","
R987 T1175 T1172 arg1Of associated,","
R988 T1175 T1173 arg2Of associated,was
R989 T1175 T1174 arg1Of associated,directly
R990 T1175 T1176 arg1Of associated,with
R991 T1175 T1182 arg1Of associated,","
R992 T1175 T1183 arg1Of associated,since
R993 T1178 T1176 arg2Of recruitment,with
R994 T1178 T1177 arg1Of recruitment,macrophages
R995 T1178 T1179 arg1Of recruitment,[
R996 T1180 T1179 arg2Of 20,[
R997 T1181 T1179 arg3Of ],[
R998 T1184 T1186 arg1Of DSS,provoked
R999 T1186 T1183 arg2Of provoked,since
R1000 T1186 T1185 arg1Of provoked,still
R1001 T1186 T1188 arg1Of provoked,after
R1002 T1186 T1194 arg1Of provoked,[
R1003 T1187 T1186 arg2Of inflammation,provoked
R1004 T1189 T1190 arg1Of T-lymphocyte,and
R1005 T1191 T1190 arg2Of NK,and
R1006 T1193 T1188 arg2Of depletion,after
R1007 T1193 T1189 arg1Of depletion,T-lymphocyte
R1008 T1193 T1191 arg1Of depletion,NK
R1009 T1193 T1192 arg1Of depletion,cell
R1010 T1195 T1194 arg2Of 20,[
R1011 T1196 T1194 arg3Of ],[
R1012 T1198 T1199 arg1Of inflammation,can
R1013 T1198 T1200 arg1Of inflammation,be
R1014 T1198 T1201 arg2Of inflammation,induced
R1015 T1201 T1197 arg2Of induced,Although
R1016 T1201 T1199 arg2Of induced,can
R1017 T1201 T1200 arg2Of induced,be
R1018 T1203 T1201 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R1019 T1203 T1202 arg2Of dCGN,by
R1020 T1205 T1206 arg1Of there,are
R1021 T1206 T1197 arg1Of are,Although
R1022 T1206 T1204 arg1Of are,","
R1023 T1208 T1206 arg2Of data,are
R1024 T1208 T1207 arg1Of data,no
R1025 T1208 T1209 arg1Of data,on
R1026 T1212 T1209 arg2Of responses,on
R1027 T1212 T1210 arg1Of responses,human
R1028 T1212 T1211 arg1Of responses,monocyte
R1029 T1212 T1213 arg1Of responses,to
R1030 T1215 T1213 arg2Of exposure,to
R1031 T1215 T1214 arg1Of exposure,dCGN
R1032 T1219 T1218 arg1Of investigate,to
R1033 T1219 T1240 arg1Of investigate,were
R1034 T1219 T1241 arg2Of investigate,exposed
R1035 T1221 T1219 arg2Of effects,investigate
R1036 T1221 T1220 arg1Of effects,the
R1037 T1221 T1222 arg1Of effects,of
R1038 T1221 T1224 arg1Of effects,on
R1039 T1223 T1222 arg2Of dCGN,of
R1040 T1226 T1225 arg1Of monocytes,human
R1041 T1226 T1227 arg1Of monocytes,","
R1042 T1227 T1235 arg1Of ",",and
R1043 T1231 T1227 arg2Of Monocytes,","
R1044 T1231 T1228 arg1Of Monocytes,normal
R1045 T1231 T1229 arg1Of Monocytes,Peripheral
R1046 T1231 T1230 arg1Of Monocytes,Blood
R1047 T1231 T1232 arg1Of Monocytes,(
R1048 T1233 T1232 arg2Of PBM,(
R1049 T1234 T1232 arg3Of ),(
R1050 T1235 T1224 arg2Of and,on
R1051 T1239 T1235 arg2Of cells,and
R1052 T1239 T1236 arg1Of cells,tumoral
R1053 T1239 T1237 arg1Of cells,monocyte/macrophage
R1054 T1239 T1238 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R1055 T1241 T1216 arg1Of exposed,Therefore
R1056 T1241 T1217 arg1Of exposed,","
R1057 T1241 T1240 arg2Of exposed,were
R1058 T1241 T1242 arg1Of exposed,to
R1059 T1244 T1243 arg1Of kDa,10
R1060 T1244 T1245 arg1Of kDa,and
R1061 T1245 T1242 arg2Of and,to
R1062 T1248 T1245 arg2Of dCGN,and
R1063 T1248 T1246 arg1Of dCGN,40
R1064 T1248 T1247 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R1065 T1249 T1250 arg1Of We,found
R1066 T1252 T1253 arg1Of dCGN,inhibited
R1067 T1253 T1258 arg1Of inhibited,vitro
R1068 T1256 T1253 arg2Of proliferation,inhibited
R1069 T1256 T1254 arg1Of proliferation,THP-1
R1070 T1256 T1255 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R1071 T1258 T1257 arg1Of vitro,in
R1072 T1262 T1260 arg2Of expression,increased
R1073 T1262 T1261 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R1074 T1262 T1264 arg1Of expression,stimulated
R1075 T1262 T1270 arg1Of expression,stimulated
R1076 T1264 T1269 arg1Of stimulated,and
R1077 T1267 T1264 arg2Of aggregation,stimulated
R1078 T1267 T1265 arg1Of aggregation,ICAM-1-dependent
R1079 T1267 T1266 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R1080 T1269 T1250 arg2Of and,found
R1081 T1269 T1251 arg1Of and,that
R1082 T1269 T1253 arg3Of and,inhibited
R1083 T1269 T1259 arg1Of and,","
R1084 T1269 T1263 arg1Of and,","
R1085 T1269 T1268 arg1Of and,","
R1086 T1270 T1269 arg2Of stimulated,and
R1087 T1272 T1273 arg1Of expression,and
R1088 T1273 T1270 arg2Of and,stimulated
R1089 T1273 T1271 arg1Of and,TNF-α
R1090 T1274 T1273 arg2Of secretion,and
R1091 T1276 T1275 arg1Of responses,These
R1092 T1276 T1277 arg1Of responses,were
R1093 T1276 T1279 arg1Of responses,pronounced
R1094 T1276 T1286 arg1Of responses,were
R1095 T1276 T1287 arg2Of responses,linked
R1096 T1277 T1280 arg1Of were,after
R1097 T1277 T1285 arg1Of were,and
R1098 T1279 T1277 arg2Of pronounced,were
R1099 T1279 T1278 arg1Of pronounced,more
R1100 T1284 T1280 arg2Of exposure,after
R1101 T1284 T1281 arg1Of exposure,40
R1102 T1284 T1282 arg1Of exposure,kDa
R1103 T1284 T1283 arg1Of exposure,dCGN
R1104 T1287 T1285 arg2Of linked,and
R1105 T1287 T1286 arg2Of linked,were
R1106 T1287 T1288 arg1Of linked,to
R1107 T1290 T1288 arg2Of activation,to
R1108 T1290 T1289 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R1109 T1292 T1291 arg2Of addition,In
R1110 T1297 T1294 arg1Of dCGN,the
R1111 T1297 T1295 arg1Of dCGN,40
R1112 T1297 T1296 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R1113 T1297 T1299 arg1Of dCGN,but
R1114 T1299 T1298 arg1Of but,","
R1115 T1299 T1300 arg1Of but,not
R1116 T1299 T1305 arg1Of but,induced
R1117 T1304 T1299 arg2Of dCGN,but
R1118 T1304 T1301 arg1Of dCGN,the
R1119 T1304 T1302 arg1Of dCGN,10
R1120 T1304 T1303 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R1121 T1305 T1291 arg1Of induced,In
R1122 T1305 T1293 arg1Of induced,","
R1123 T1305 T1309 arg1Of induced,as
R1124 T1307 T1306 arg1Of vivo,in
R1125 T1308 T1305 arg2Of colitis,induced
R1126 T1308 T1307 arg1Of colitis,vivo
R1127 T1310 T1309 arg2Of shown,as
R1128 T1314 T1310 arg1Of response,shown
R1129 T1314 T1311 arg2Of response,by
R1130 T1314 T1312 arg1Of response,the
R1131 T1314 T1313 arg1Of response,inflammatory
R1132 T1314 T1315 arg1Of response,in
R1133 T1318 T1315 arg2Of colon,in
R1134 T1318 T1316 arg1Of colon,the
R1135 T1318 T1317 arg1Of colon,rat
R1136 T1320 T1319 arg1Of results,These
R1137 T1320 T1321 arg1Of results,suggest
R1138 T1325 T1323 arg1Of forms,the
R1139 T1325 T1324 arg1Of forms,degraded
R1140 T1325 T1326 arg1Of forms,of
R1141 T1325 T1328 arg1Of forms,have
R1142 T1327 T1326 arg2Of CGN,of
R1143 T1328 T1321 arg2Of have,suggest
R1144 T1328 T1322 arg1Of have,that
R1145 T1328 T1332 arg1Of have,on
R1146 T1331 T1328 arg2Of effect,have
R1147 T1331 T1329 arg1Of effect,an
R1148 T1331 T1330 arg1Of effect,important
R1149 T1333 T1332 arg2Of monocytes,on
R1150 T1333 T1334 arg1Of monocytes,resulting
R1151 T1334 T1335 arg1Of resulting,in
R1152 T1338 T1335 arg2Of phenotype,in
R1153 T1338 T1336 arg1Of phenotype,an
R1154 T1338 T1337 arg1Of phenotype,inflammatory
R1776 T2063 T2064 arg1Of Preparation,of
R1777 T2066 T2064 arg2Of Carrageenan,of
R1778 T2066 T2065 arg1Of Carrageenan,Degraded
R1779 T2068 T2067 arg1Of preparations,Two
R1780 T2068 T2069 arg1Of preparations,of
R1781 T2068 T2093 modOf preparations,were
R1784 T2071 T2069 arg2Of carrageenan,of
R1786 T2073 T2075 arg1Of low,(
R1787 T2073 T2082 arg1Of low,and
R1788 T2077 T2075 arg2Of kDa,(
R1789 T2077 T2076 arg1Of kDa,∼10
R1790 T2077 T2078 arg1Of kDa,;
R1791 T2079 T2078 arg2Of C10,;
R1792 T2080 T2075 arg3Of ),(
R1794 T2082 T2081 arg1Of and,","
R1795 T2083 T2082 arg2Of medium,and
R1796 T2087 T2085 arg2Of kDa,(
R1797 T2087 T2086 arg1Of kDa,∼40
R1798 T2087 T2088 arg1Of kDa,;
R1799 T2089 T2088 arg2Of C40,;
R1800 T2090 T2085 arg3Of ),(
R1801 T2092 T2085 arg1Of weight,(
R1802 T2092 T2091 arg1Of weight,molecular
R1803 T2092 T2093 arg1Of weight,were
R1804 T2092 T2094 arg2Of weight,prepared
R1805 T2094 T2084 arg1Of prepared,","
R1806 T2094 T2093 arg2Of prepared,were
R1807 T2094 T2095 arg1Of prepared,from
R1808 T2097 T2095 arg2Of iota-carrageenan,from
R1809 T2097 T2096 arg1Of iota-carrageenan,native
R1810 T2097 T2098 arg2Of iota-carrageenan,extracted
R1811 T2098 T2099 arg1Of extracted,from
R1812 T2101 T2099 arg2Of spinosum,from
R1813 T2101 T2100 arg1Of spinosum,Euchema
R1814 T2101 T2102 arg1Of spinosum,(
R1815 T2104 T2102 arg2Of provided,(
R1816 T2104 T2103 arg1Of provided,generously
R1817 T2108 T2104 arg1Of Industry,provided
R1818 T2108 T2105 arg2Of Industry,by
R1819 T2108 T2106 arg1Of Industry,Sanofi
R1820 T2108 T2107 arg1Of Industry,Biosystems
R1821 T2108 T2109 arg1Of Industry,","
R1822 T2110 T2109 arg2Of Boulogne-Billancourt,","
R1823 T2110 T2111 arg1Of Boulogne-Billancourt,","
R1824 T2112 T2111 arg2Of France,","
R1825 T2113 T2102 arg3Of ),(
R1826 T2115 T2114 arg1Of carrageenan,Native
R1827 T2115 T2116 arg1Of carrageenan,was
R1828 T2115 T2117 arg2Of carrageenan,dissolved
R1829 T2115 T2130 arg2Of carrageenan,heated
R1830 T2117 T2118 arg1Of dissolved,in
R1831 T2117 T2129 arg1Of dissolved,and
R1832 T2120 T2118 arg2Of water,in
R1833 T2120 T2119 arg1Of water,distilled
R1834 T2120 T2121 arg1Of water,(
R1835 T2120 T2126 arg1Of water,under
R1836 T2122 T2123 arg1Of 5,%
R1837 T2124 T2121 arg2Of w/v,(
R1838 T2124 T2122 arg1Of w/v,5
R1839 T2125 T2121 arg3Of ),(
R1840 T2128 T2126 arg2Of stirring,under
R1841 T2128 T2127 arg1Of stirring,vigorous
R1842 T2129 T2116 arg2Of and,was
R1843 T2130 T2129 arg2Of heated,and
R1844 T2130 T2131 arg1Of heated,to
R1845 T2133 T2131 arg2Of Then,to
R1846 T2133 T2132 arg1Of Then,60°C.
R1847 T2137 T2135 arg1Of solution,the
R1848 T2137 T2136 arg1Of solution,carrageenan
R1849 T2137 T2138 arg1Of solution,was
R1850 T2137 T2139 arg2Of solution,submitted
R1851 T2139 T2116 modOf submitted,was
R1852 T2139 T2134 arg1Of submitted,","
R1853 T2139 T2138 arg2Of submitted,was
R1854 T2139 T2140 arg1Of submitted,to
R1855 T2143 T2140 arg2Of treatments,to
R1856 T2143 T2141 arg1Of treatments,two
R1857 T2143 T2142 arg1Of treatments,different
R1858 T2145 T2139 arg3Of obtain,submitted
R1859 T2145 T2144 arg1Of obtain,to
R1860 T2147 T2148 arg1Of low,and
R1861 T2148 T2146 arg1Of and,both
R1862 T2149 T2148 arg2Of medium,and
R1863 T2152 T2145 arg2Of fractions,obtain
R1864 T2152 T2147 arg1Of fractions,low
R1865 T2152 T2149 arg1Of fractions,medium
R1866 T2152 T2150 arg1Of fractions,molecular
R1867 T2152 T2151 arg1Of fractions,weight
R1868 T2160 T2155 arg2Of fraction,for
R1869 T2160 T2156 arg1Of fraction,the
R1870 T2160 T2157 arg1Of fraction,low
R1871 T2160 T2158 arg1Of fraction,molecular
R1872 T2160 T2159 arg1Of fraction,weight
R1873 T2163 T2162 arg1Of solution,carrageenan
R1874 T2163 T2164 arg1Of solution,was
R1875 T2163 T2165 arg2Of solution,hydrolyzed
R1876 T2165 T2164 arg2Of hydrolyzed,was
R1877 T2165 T2166 arg1Of hydrolyzed,with
R1878 T2168 T2166 arg2Of %,with
R1879 T2168 T2167 arg1Of %,0.3
R1880 T2168 T2169 arg1Of %,(
R1881 T2168 T2172 arg2Of %,concentrated
R1882 T2170 T2169 arg2Of v/v,(
R1883 T2171 T2169 arg3Of ),(
R1884 T2174 T2172 arg1Of acid,concentrated
R1885 T2174 T2173 arg1Of acid,sulphuric
R1886 T2174 T2175 arg1Of acid,for
R1887 T2174 T2178 arg1Of acid,at
R1888 T2177 T2175 arg2Of min,for
R1889 T2177 T2176 arg1Of min,15
R1890 T2180 T2179 arg1Of After,80°C.
R1891 T2181 T2178 arg2Of neutralization,at
R1892 T2181 T2180 arg1Of neutralization,After
R1893 T2181 T2182 arg1Of neutralization,with
R1894 T2184 T2182 arg2Of 4N,with
R1895 T2184 T2183 arg1Of 4N,NaOH
R1896 T2187 T2186 arg1Of solution,the
R1897 T2187 T2188 arg1Of solution,was
R1898 T2188 T2153 arg1Of was,Briefly
R1899 T2188 T2154 arg1Of was,","
R1900 T2188 T2155 arg1Of was,for
R1901 T2188 T2161 arg1Of was,","
R1902 T2188 T2164 modOf was,was
R1903 T2188 T2185 arg1Of was,","
R1904 T2189 T2188 arg2Of ultra,was
R1905 T2189 T2190 arg2Of ultra,filtered
R1906 T2189 T2201 arg1Of ultra,","
R1907 T2189 T2202 arg1Of ultra,(
R1908 T2190 T2191 arg1Of filtered,through
R1909 T2195 T2191 arg2Of cartridge,through
R1910 T2195 T2192 arg1Of cartridge,a
R1911 T2195 T2193 arg1Of cartridge,hollow
R1912 T2195 T2194 arg1Of cartridge,fibre
R1913 T2195 T2196 arg1Of cartridge,with
R1914 T2200 T2196 arg2Of kDa,with
R1915 T2200 T2197 arg1Of kDa,MW
R1916 T2200 T2198 arg1Of kDa,cut-off
R1917 T2200 T2199 arg1Of kDa,5
R1918 T2204 T2202 arg2Of Inc,(
R1919 T2204 T2203 arg1Of Inc,Amicon
R1920 T2204 T2205 arg1Of Inc,","
R1921 T2206 T2205 arg2Of Beverly,","
R1922 T2206 T2207 arg1Of Beverly,","
R1923 T2208 T2207 arg2Of USA,","
R1924 T2209 T2202 arg3Of ),(
R1925 T2215 T2211 arg1Of fraction,the
R1926 T2215 T2212 arg1Of fraction,medium
R1927 T2215 T2213 arg1Of fraction,molecular
R1928 T2215 T2214 arg1Of fraction,weight
R1929 T2215 T2228 arg1Of fraction,concentrated
R1930 T2219 T2217 arg1Of solution,the
R1931 T2219 T2218 arg1Of solution,carrageenan
R1932 T2219 T2220 arg1Of solution,was
R1933 T2219 T2221 arg2Of solution,hydrolyzed
R1934 T2221 T2220 arg2Of hydrolyzed,was
R1935 T2221 T2222 arg1Of hydrolyzed,with
R1936 T2224 T2222 arg2Of %,with
R1937 T2224 T2223 arg1Of %,0.3
R1938 T2224 T2225 arg1Of %,(
R1939 T2226 T2225 arg2Of v/v,(
R1940 T2227 T2225 arg3Of ),(
R1941 T2228 T2210 arg1Of concentrated,For
R1942 T2228 T2216 arg1Of concentrated,","
R1943 T2228 T2220 modOf concentrated,was
R1944 T2228 T2244 arg1Of concentrated,(
R1945 T2230 T2228 arg2Of acid,concentrated
R1946 T2230 T2229 arg1Of acid,sulphuric
R1947 T2230 T2231 arg1Of acid,for
R1948 T2230 T2234 arg1Of acid,at
R1949 T2230 T2243 arg2Of acid,filtered
R1950 T2233 T2231 arg2Of min,for
R1951 T2233 T2232 arg1Of min,30
R1952 T2235 T2234 arg2Of 60°C.,at
R1953 T2235 T2236 arg1Of 60°C.,After
R1954 T2237 T2236 arg2Of neutralization,After
R1955 T2240 T2239 arg1Of supernatant,the
R1956 T2240 T2241 arg1Of supernatant,was
R1957 T2240 T2242 arg1Of supernatant,ultra
R1958 T2241 T2238 arg1Of was,","
R1959 T2242 T2241 arg2Of ultra,was
R1960 T2243 T2241 arg3Of filtered,was
R1961 T2245 T2244 arg2Of MW,(
R1962 T2245 T2246 arg1Of MW,cut-off
R1963 T2246 T2248 arg1Of cut-off,kDa
R1964 T2248 T2247 arg1Of kDa,100
R1965 T2249 T2244 arg3Of ),(
R1966 T2251 T2250 arg1Of filtrate,The
R1967 T2251 T2252 arg1Of filtrate,was
R1968 T2251 T2253 arg2Of filtrate,submitted
R1969 T2253 T2252 arg2Of submitted,was
R1970 T2253 T2254 arg1Of submitted,to
R1971 T2258 T2254 arg2Of filtration,to
R1972 T2258 T2255 arg1Of filtration,a
R1973 T2258 T2256 arg1Of filtration,second
R1974 T2258 T2257 arg1Of filtration,ultra
R1975 T2258 T2259 arg1Of filtration,(
R1976 T2263 T2259 arg2Of kDa,(
R1977 T2263 T2260 arg1Of kDa,MW
R1978 T2263 T2261 arg1Of kDa,cut-off
R1979 T2263 T2262 arg1Of kDa,5
R1980 T2264 T2259 arg3Of ),(
R1981 T2266 T2265 arg1Of preparations,Both
R1982 T2266 T2267 arg1Of preparations,of
R1983 T2266 T2269 arg1Of preparations,were
R1984 T2266 T2270 arg2Of preparations,precipitated
R1985 T2268 T2267 arg2Of dCGN,of
R1986 T2270 T2269 arg2Of precipitated,were
R1987 T2270 T2271 arg1Of precipitated,with
R1988 T2273 T2271 arg2Of volumes,with
R1989 T2273 T2272 arg1Of volumes,4
R1990 T2273 T2274 arg1Of volumes,of
R1991 T2273 T2279 arg2Of volumes,dried
R1992 T2275 T2276 arg1Of 95,%
R1993 T2277 T2274 arg2Of ethanol,of
R1994 T2277 T2275 arg1Of ethanol,95
R1995 T2279 T2278 arg1Of dried,","
R1996 T2279 T2280 arg1Of dried,at
R1997 T2282 T2281 arg1Of temperature,room
R1998 T2282 T2283 arg1Of temperature,and
R1999 T2283 T2280 arg2Of and,at
R2000 T2284 T2283 arg2Of ground,and
R2001 T2284 T2285 arg1Of ground,to
R2002 T2287 T2285 arg2Of particles,to
R2003 T2287 T2286 arg1Of particles,small
R2004 T2287 T2288 arg1Of particles,(
R2005 T2290 T2288 arg2Of mm,(
R2006 T2290 T2289 arg1Of mm,1
R2007 T2290 T2291 arg1Of mm,in
R2008 T2292 T2291 arg2Of diameter,in
R2009 T2293 T2288 arg3Of ),(
R2010 T2296 T2294 arg1Of chromatography,Using
R2011 T2296 T2295 arg1Of chromatography,gel-permeation
R2012 T2296 T2297 arg1Of chromatography,in
R2013 T2296 T2299 arg1Of chromatography,with
R2014 T2296 T2304 arg1Of chromatography,see
R2015 T2298 T2297 arg2Of combination,in
R2016 T2302 T2299 arg2Of measurements,with
R2017 T2302 T2300 arg1Of measurements,light
R2018 T2302 T2301 arg1Of measurements,scattering
R2019 T2304 T2303 arg1Of see,(
R2020 T2307 T2305 arg1Of al.,Viebke
R2021 T2307 T2306 arg1Of al.,et
R2022 T2307 T2308 arg1Of al.,[
R2023 T2307 T2311 arg1Of al.,)
R2024 T2307 T2312 arg1Of al.,","
R2025 T2307 T2314 arg1Of al.,was
R2026 T2307 T2315 arg2Of al.,confirmed
R2027 T2309 T2308 arg2Of 21,[
R2028 T2310 T2308 arg3Of ],[
R2029 T2313 T2312 arg2Of it,","
R2030 T2315 T2314 arg2Of confirmed,was
R2031 T2316 T2315 arg3Of that,confirmed
R2032 T2319 T2317 arg1Of fraction,the
R2033 T2319 T2318 arg1Of fraction,low
R2034 T2319 T2320 arg1Of fraction,had
R2035 T2320 T2304 arg2Of had,see
R2036 T2320 T2314 modOf had,was
R2037 T2324 T2321 arg1Of weight,an
R2038 T2324 T2322 arg1Of weight,average
R2039 T2324 T2323 arg1Of weight,molecular
R2040 T2324 T2325 arg1Of weight,of
R2041 T2324 T2329 arg1Of weight,and
R2042 T2327 T2325 arg2Of kDa,of
R2043 T2327 T2326 arg1Of kDa,10
R2044 T2329 T2320 arg2Of and,had
R2045 T2329 T2328 arg1Of and,","
R2046 T2332 T2329 arg2Of fraction,and
R2047 T2332 T2330 arg1Of fraction,the
R2048 T2332 T2331 arg1Of fraction,medium
R2049 T2332 T2333 arg1Of fraction,of
R2050 T2335 T2333 arg2Of kDa,of
R2051 T2335 T2334 arg1Of kDa,40
R2052 T2338 T2336 arg1Of content,The
R2053 T2338 T2337 arg1Of content,sulphate
R2054 T2338 T2339 arg1Of content,of
R2055 T2338 T2341 arg1Of content,in
R2056 T2338 T2344 arg1Of content,was
R2057 T2338 T2345 arg2Of content,measured
R2058 T2340 T2339 arg2Of polysaccharides,of
R2059 T2343 T2341 arg2Of fractions,in
R2060 T2343 T2342 arg1Of fractions,both
R2061 T2345 T2344 arg2Of measured,was
R2062 T2345 T2346 arg1Of measured,following
R2063 T2348 T2346 arg2Of method,following
R2064 T2348 T2347 arg1Of method,the
R2065 T2348 T2349 arg1Of method,of
R2066 T2352 T2349 arg2Of al.,of
R2067 T2352 T2350 arg1Of al.,Quemener
R2068 T2352 T2351 arg1Of al.,et
R2069 T2352 T2353 arg1Of al.,[
R2070 T2354 T2353 arg2Of 22,[
R2071 T2355 T2353 arg3Of ],[
R2072 T2359 T2358 arg1Of absence,the
R2073 T2359 T2360 arg1Of absence,of
R2074 T2359 T2368 arg1Of absence,was
R2075 T2359 T2369 arg2Of absence,confirmed
R2076 T2363 T2360 arg2Of modifications,of
R2077 T2363 T2361 arg1Of modifications,polysaccharide
R2078 T2363 T2362 arg1Of modifications,structure
R2079 T2363 T2364 arg1Of modifications,in
R2080 T2367 T2364 arg2Of fractions,in
R2081 T2367 T2365 arg1Of fractions,the
R2082 T2367 T2366 arg1Of fractions,two
R2083 T2369 T2356 arg1Of confirmed,Finally
R2084 T2369 T2357 arg1Of confirmed,","
R2085 T2369 T2368 arg2Of confirmed,was
R2086 T2370 T2369 arg3Of using,confirmed
R2087 T2372 T2370 arg2Of spectroscopy,using
R2088 T2372 T2371 arg1Of spectroscopy,2H-NMR
R2089 T2374 T2373 arg1Of absence,The
R2090 T2374 T2375 arg1Of absence,of
R2091 T2374 T2378 arg1Of absence,in
R2092 T2374 T2382 arg1Of absence,was
R2093 T2374 T2383 arg2Of absence,confirmed
R2094 T2377 T2375 arg2Of contamination,of
R2095 T2377 T2376 arg1Of contamination,LPS
R2096 T2381 T2378 arg2Of fractions,in
R2097 T2381 T2379 arg1Of fractions,the
R2098 T2381 T2380 arg1Of fractions,two
R2099 T2383 T2382 arg2Of confirmed,was
R2100 T2384 T2383 arg3Of using,confirmed
R2101 T2384 T2388 arg1Of using,(
R2102 T2387 T2384 arg2Of kit,using
R2103 T2387 T2385 arg1Of kit,the
R2104 T2387 T2386 arg1Of kit,e-Toxate®
R2105 T2389 T2388 arg2Of Sigma,(
R2106 T2389 T2390 arg1Of Sigma,","
R2107 T2393 T2390 arg2Of Fallavier,","
R2108 T2393 T2391 arg1Of Fallavier,St
R2109 T2393 T2392 arg1Of Fallavier,Quentin
R2110 T2393 T2394 arg1Of Fallavier,","
R2111 T2395 T2394 arg2Of France,","
R2112 T2396 T2388 arg3Of ),(
R2113 T2398 T2397 arg2Of use,Before
R2114 T2398 T2399 arg1Of use,in
R2115 T2401 T2399 arg2Of culture,in
R2116 T2401 T2400 arg1Of culture,cell
R2117 T2405 T2403 arg1Of fractions,the
R2118 T2405 T2404 arg1Of fractions,two
R2119 T2405 T2406 arg1Of fractions,were
R2120 T2405 T2407 arg2Of fractions,dissolved
R2121 T2407 T2397 arg1Of dissolved,Before
R2122 T2407 T2402 arg1Of dissolved,","
R2123 T2407 T2406 arg2Of dissolved,were
R2124 T2407 T2408 arg1Of dissolved,in
R2125 T2407 T2411 arg1Of dissolved,during
R2126 T2410 T2408 arg2Of medium,in
R2127 T2410 T2409 arg1Of medium,complete
R2128 T2413 T2411 arg2Of min,during
R2129 T2413 T2412 arg1Of min,30
R2130 T2413 T2414 arg1Of min,at
R2131 T2415 T2414 arg2Of 56°C,at
R2508 T2817 T2818 arg1Of Animals,","
R2509 T2818 T2820 arg1Of ",",and
R2510 T2819 T2818 arg2Of Chemicals,","
R2511 T2821 T2820 arg2Of Diet,and
R2512 T2824 T2822 arg1Of rats,Male
R2513 T2824 T2823 arg1Of rats,Wistar
R2514 T2824 T2825 arg1Of rats,(
R2515 T2824 T2831 arg1Of rats,were
R2516 T2824 T2832 arg2Of rats,housed
R2517 T2829 T2825 arg2Of weight,(
R2518 T2829 T2826 arg1Of weight,150
R2519 T2829 T2827 arg1Of weight,g
R2520 T2829 T2828 arg1Of weight,average
R2521 T2830 T2825 arg3Of ),(
R2522 T2832 T2831 arg2Of housed,were
R2523 T2832 T2833 arg1Of housed,under
R2524 T2835 T2834 arg1Of conditions,standard
R2525 T2835 T2836 arg1Of conditions,and
R2526 T2836 T2833 arg2Of and,under
R2527 T2836 T2840 arg1Of and,with
R2528 T2839 T2836 arg2Of libitum,and
R2529 T2839 T2837 arg2Of libitum,fed
R2530 T2839 T2838 arg1Of libitum,ad
R2531 T2844 T2840 arg2Of chow,with
R2532 T2844 T2841 arg1Of chow,standard
R2533 T2844 T2842 arg1Of chow,rodent
R2534 T2844 T2843 arg1Of chow,laboratory
R2535 T2846 T2845 arg2Of iota-carrageenans,Degraded
R2536 T2846 T2847 arg1Of iota-carrageenans,were
R2537 T2846 T2848 arg2Of iota-carrageenans,administered
R2538 T2848 T2847 arg2Of administered,were
R2539 T2848 T2849 arg1Of administered,in
R2540 T2848 T2858 arg1Of administered,for
R2541 T2852 T2849 arg2Of water,in
R2542 T2852 T2850 arg1Of water,the
R2543 T2852 T2851 arg1Of water,drinking
R2544 T2852 T2853 arg1Of water,(
R2545 T2854 T2855 arg1Of 5,%
R2546 T2856 T2853 arg2Of w/v,(
R2547 T2856 T2854 arg1Of w/v,5
R2548 T2857 T2853 arg3Of ),(
R2549 T2860 T2858 arg2Of days,for
R2550 T2860 T2859 arg1Of days,55
R2551 T2860 T2861 arg1Of days,to
R2552 T2863 T2861 arg2Of groups,to
R2553 T2863 T2862 arg1Of groups,2
R2554 T2863 T2864 arg1Of groups,of
R2555 T2866 T2864 arg2Of animals,of
R2556 T2866 T2865 arg1Of animals,six
R2557 T2866 T2867 arg1Of animals,each
R2558 T2870 T2868 arg1Of group,The
R2559 T2870 T2869 arg1Of group,first
R2560 T2870 T2871 arg1Of group,received
R2561 T2871 T2882 arg1Of received,and
R2562 T2876 T2871 arg2Of carrageenan,received
R2563 T2876 T2872 arg1Of carrageenan,the
R2564 T2876 T2873 arg1Of carrageenan,low
R2565 T2876 T2874 arg1Of carrageenan,molecular
R2566 T2876 T2875 arg1Of carrageenan,weight
R2567 T2876 T2877 arg1Of carrageenan,(
R2568 T2880 T2877 arg2Of dCGN,(
R2569 T2880 T2878 arg1Of dCGN,10
R2570 T2880 T2879 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R2571 T2881 T2877 arg3Of ),(
R2572 T2884 T2883 arg1Of second,the
R2573 T2884 T2885 arg1Of second,received
R2574 T2885 T2882 arg2Of received,and
R2575 T2890 T2885 arg2Of carrageenan,received
R2576 T2890 T2886 arg1Of carrageenan,the
R2577 T2890 T2887 arg1Of carrageenan,medium
R2578 T2890 T2888 arg1Of carrageenan,molecular
R2579 T2890 T2889 arg1Of carrageenan,weight
R2580 T2890 T2891 arg1Of carrageenan,(
R2581 T2894 T2891 arg2Of dCGN,(
R2582 T2894 T2892 arg1Of dCGN,40
R2583 T2894 T2893 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R2584 T2895 T2891 arg3Of ),(
R2585 T2898 T2896 arg1Of group,An
R2586 T2898 T2897 arg1Of group,additional
R2587 T2898 T2899 arg1Of group,of
R2588 T2898 T2902 arg1Of group,were
R2589 T2898 T2903 arg2Of group,maintained
R2590 T2901 T2899 arg2Of rats,of
R2591 T2901 T2900 arg1Of rats,four
R2592 T2903 T2902 arg2Of maintained,were
R2593 T2903 T2904 arg1Of maintained,on
R2594 T2907 T2904 arg2Of water,on
R2595 T2907 T2905 arg1Of water,regular
R2596 T2907 T2906 arg1Of water,tap
R2597 T2907 T2908 arg1Of water,(
R2598 T2910 T2908 arg2Of group,(
R2599 T2910 T2909 arg1Of group,control
R2600 T2911 T2908 arg3Of ),(
R2601 T2913 T2912 arg1Of increase,To
R2602 T2913 T2918 arg1Of increase,was
R2603 T2913 T2919 arg2Of increase,added
R2604 T2915 T2916 arg1Of 0.2,%
R2605 T2917 T2913 arg2Of sucrose,increase
R2606 T2917 T2914 arg1Of sucrose,palatability
R2607 T2917 T2915 arg1Of sucrose,0.2
R2608 T2919 T2918 arg2Of added,was
R2609 T2919 T2920 arg1Of added,to
R2610 T2919 T2927 arg1Of added,(
R2611 T2923 T2920 arg2Of water,to
R2612 T2923 T2921 arg1Of water,the
R2613 T2923 T2922 arg1Of water,drinking
R2614 T2923 T2924 arg1Of water,of
R2615 T2926 T2924 arg2Of groups,of
R2616 T2926 T2925 arg1Of groups,all
R2617 T2930 T2927 arg2Of Waaji,(
R2618 T2930 T2928 arg1Of Waaji,Van
R2619 T2930 T2929 arg1Of Waaji,der
R2620 T2930 T2931 arg1Of Waaji,et
R2621 T2931 T2932 arg1Of et,al.
R2622 T2931 T2933 arg1Of et,","
R2623 T2931 T2934 arg1Of et,[
R2624 T2935 T2934 arg2Of 23,[
R2625 T2936 T2934 arg3Of ],[
R2626 T2937 T2927 arg3Of ),(
R2627 T2940 T2938 arg1Of solutions,Fresh
R2628 T2940 T2939 arg1Of solutions,carrageenan
R2629 T2940 T2941 arg1Of solutions,were
R2630 T2940 T2942 arg2Of solutions,prepared
R2631 T2942 T2941 arg2Of prepared,were
R2632 T2942 T2943 arg1Of prepared,daily
R2772 T3130 T3131 arg1Of Evaluation,of
R2773 T3132 T3131 arg2Of Colitis,of
R2774 T3134 T3133 arg1Of weight,Body
R2775 T3134 T3135 arg1Of weight,","
R2776 T3135 T3140 arg1Of ",",","
R2777 T3136 T3137 arg1Of liquid,and
R2778 T3138 T3137 arg2Of food,and
R2779 T3139 T3135 arg2Of consumption,","
R2780 T3139 T3136 arg1Of consumption,liquid
R2781 T3139 T3138 arg1Of consumption,food
R2782 T3140 T3142 arg1Of ",",and
R2783 T3141 T3140 arg2Of diarrhea,","
R2784 T3142 T3151 arg1Of and,were
R2785 T3142 T3152 arg2Of and,recorded
R2786 T3144 T3142 arg2Of bleeding,and
R2787 T3144 T3143 arg1Of bleeding,rectal
R2788 T3144 T3145 arg1Of bleeding,(
R2789 T3146 T3145 arg2Of detected,(
R2790 T3149 T3146 arg1Of inspection,detected
R2791 T3149 T3147 arg2Of inspection,by
R2792 T3149 T3148 arg1Of inspection,eye
R2793 T3150 T3145 arg3Of ),(
R2794 T3152 T3151 arg2Of recorded,were
R2795 T3152 T3153 arg1Of recorded,throughout
R2796 T3156 T3153 arg2Of period,throughout
R2797 T3156 T3154 arg1Of period,the
R2798 T3156 T3155 arg1Of period,feeding
R2799 T3159 T3157 arg2Of days,After
R2800 T3159 T3158 arg1Of days,55
R2801 T3161 T3162 arg1Of animals,were
R2802 T3161 T3163 arg2Of animals,sacrificed
R2803 T3163 T3157 arg1Of sacrificed,After
R2804 T3163 T3160 arg1Of sacrificed,","
R2805 T3163 T3162 arg2Of sacrificed,were
R2806 T3166 T3163 arg1Of dislocation,sacrificed
R2807 T3166 T3164 arg2Of dislocation,by
R2808 T3166 T3165 arg1Of dislocation,cervical
R2809 T3168 T3167 arg1Of length,The
R2810 T3168 T3169 arg1Of length,of
R2811 T3168 T3172 arg1Of length,was
R2812 T3168 T3173 arg2Of length,measured
R2813 T3171 T3169 arg2Of colon,of
R2814 T3171 T3170 arg1Of colon,the
R2815 T3173 T3172 arg2Of measured,was
R2816 T3173 T3174 arg1Of measured,as
R2817 T3173 T3180 arg1Of measured,[
R2818 T3175 T3174 arg2Of described,as
R2819 T3177 T3175 arg1Of Okayashu,described
R2820 T3177 T3176 arg2Of Okayashu,by
R2821 T3177 T3179 arg1Of Okayashu,al.
R2822 T3179 T3178 arg1Of al.,et
R2823 T3181 T3180 arg2Of 24,[
R2824 T3182 T3180 arg3Of ],[
R2825 T3186 T3185 arg1Of colon,each
R2826 T3186 T3187 arg1Of colon,was
R2827 T3186 T3188 arg2Of colon,ligated
R2828 T3188 T3187 arg2Of ligated,was
R2829 T3188 T3189 arg1Of ligated,in
R2830 T3188 T3194 arg1Of ligated,and
R2831 T3190 T3189 arg2Of sections,in
R2832 T3190 T3191 arg1Of sections,of
R2833 T3193 T3191 arg2Of cm,of
R2834 T3193 T3192 arg1Of cm,2
R2835 T3194 T3183 arg1Of and,Then
R2836 T3194 T3184 arg1Of and,","
R2837 T3195 T3196 arg1Of 1,to
R2838 T3198 T3196 arg2Of ml,to
R2839 T3198 T3197 arg1Of ml,2
R2840 T3200 T3201 arg1Of 10,%
R2841 T3202 T3195 arg1Of formalin,1
R2842 T3202 T3199 arg1Of formalin,of
R2843 T3202 T3200 arg1Of formalin,10
R2844 T3202 T3203 arg1Of formalin,was
R2845 T3202 T3204 arg2Of formalin,infused
R2846 T3204 T3194 arg2Of infused,and
R2847 T3204 T3203 arg2Of infused,was
R2848 T3204 T3205 arg1Of infused,into
R2849 T3208 T3205 arg2Of lumen,into
R2850 T3208 T3206 arg1Of lumen,the
R2851 T3208 T3207 arg1Of lumen,intestinal
R2852 T3211 T3210 arg1Of distended,moderately
R2853 T3212 T3209 arg1Of segment,The
R2854 T3212 T3211 arg1Of segment,distended
R2855 T3212 T3213 arg1Of segment,was
R2856 T3212 T3214 arg2Of segment,sectioned
R2857 T3212 T3216 arg2Of segment,fixed
R2858 T3214 T3215 arg1Of sectioned,and
R2859 T3215 T3213 arg2Of and,was
R2860 T3215 T3217 arg1Of and,in
R2861 T3216 T3215 arg2Of fixed,and
R2862 T3218 T3219 arg1Of 10,%
R2863 T3220 T3217 arg2Of formalin,in
R2864 T3220 T3218 arg1Of formalin,10
R2865 T3223 T3221 arg1Of day,The
R2866 T3223 T3222 arg1Of day,following
R2867 T3227 T3225 arg1Of content,the
R2868 T3227 T3226 arg1Of content,intestinal
R2869 T3227 T3228 arg1Of content,was
R2870 T3227 T3229 arg2Of content,removed
R2871 T3229 T3223 arg1Of removed,day
R2872 T3229 T3224 arg1Of removed,","
R2873 T3229 T3228 arg2Of removed,was
R2874 T3231 T3229 arg1Of vortexing,removed
R2875 T3231 T3230 arg2Of vortexing,by
R2876 T3234 T3232 arg1Of segment,The
R2877 T3234 T3233 arg2Of segment,fixed
R2878 T3234 T3235 arg1Of segment,was
R2879 T3234 T3236 arg2Of segment,kept
R2880 T3236 T3235 arg2Of kept,was
R2881 T3236 T3237 arg1Of kept,in
R2882 T3236 T3241 arg1Of kept,at
R2883 T3236 T3243 arg1Of kept,until
R2884 T3238 T3239 arg1Of 10,%
R2885 T3240 T3237 arg2Of formalin,in
R2886 T3240 T3238 arg1Of formalin,10
R2887 T3242 T3241 arg2Of 4°C,at
R2888 T3247 T3243 arg2Of procedure,until
R2889 T3247 T3244 arg1Of procedure,the
R2890 T3247 T3245 arg1Of procedure,paraffin
R2891 T3247 T3246 arg1Of procedure,embedding
R2892 T3249 T3248 arg1Of evaluate,To
R2893 T3251 T3249 arg2Of degree,evaluate
R2894 T3251 T3250 arg1Of degree,the
R2895 T3251 T3252 arg1Of degree,of
R2896 T3253 T3252 arg2Of inflammation,of
R2897 T3256 T3255 arg1Of segment,this
R2898 T3256 T3257 arg1Of segment,of
R2899 T3256 T3259 arg1Of segment,was
R2900 T3256 T3260 arg2Of segment,opened
R2901 T3258 T3257 arg2Of colon,of
R2902 T3260 T3259 arg2Of opened,was
R2903 T3260 T3261 arg1Of opened,longitudinally
R2904 T3263 T3264 arg1Of macroscopic,and
R2905 T3265 T3264 arg2Of histological,and
R2906 T3266 T3262 arg1Of scores,and
R2907 T3266 T3263 arg1Of scores,macroscopic
R2908 T3266 T3265 arg1Of scores,histological
R2909 T3266 T3267 arg1Of scores,of
R2910 T3266 T3269 arg1Of scores,were
R2911 T3266 T3270 arg2Of scores,recorded
R2912 T3268 T3267 arg2Of inflammation,of
R2913 T3270 T3248 modOf recorded,To
R2914 T3270 T3254 arg1Of recorded,","
R2915 T3270 T3259 modOf recorded,was
R2916 T3270 T3269 arg2Of recorded,were
R2917 T3270 T3271 arg1Of recorded,as
R2918 T3270 T3277 arg1Of recorded,","
R2919 T3270 T3278 arg1Of recorded,[
R2920 T3273 T3272 arg1Of described,previously
R2921 T3275 T3271 arg2Of 25,as
R2922 T3275 T3273 arg1Of 25,described
R2923 T3275 T3274 arg2Of 25,[
R2924 T3276 T3274 arg3Of ],[
R2925 T3279 T3278 arg2Of 26,[
R2926 T3280 T3278 arg3Of ],[
R2927 T3284 T3281 arg1Of staining,The
R2928 T3284 T3282 arg1Of staining,toluidine
R2929 T3284 T3283 arg1Of staining,blue
R2930 T3284 T3285 arg1Of staining,was
R2931 T3284 T3286 arg2Of staining,used
R2932 T3286 T3285 arg2Of used,was
R2933 T3286 T3287 arg1Of used,for
R2934 T3288 T3287 arg2Of identification,for
R2935 T3288 T3289 arg1Of identification,of
R2936 T3288 T3292 arg1Of identification,in
R2937 T3291 T3289 arg2Of polysaccharides,of
R2938 T3291 T3290 arg2Of polysaccharides,sulphated
R2939 T3295 T3292 arg2Of mucosa,in
R2940 T3295 T3293 arg1Of mucosa,the
R2941 T3295 T3294 arg1Of mucosa,intestinal
R2942 T3298 T3296 arg2Of day,On
R2943 T3298 T3297 arg1Of day,the
R2944 T3298 T3299 arg1Of day,of
R2945 T3300 T3299 arg2Of sacrifice,of
R2946 T3304 T3302 arg1Of sample,a
R2947 T3304 T3303 arg1Of sample,fresh
R2948 T3304 T3305 arg1Of sample,of
R2949 T3304 T3312 arg1Of sample,was
R2950 T3304 T3313 arg2Of sample,collected
R2951 T3307 T3305 arg2Of colon,of
R2952 T3307 T3306 arg1Of colon,each
R2953 T3307 T3308 arg1Of colon,(
R2954 T3310 T3308 arg2Of mg,(
R2955 T3310 T3309 arg1Of mg,50
R2956 T3311 T3308 arg3Of ),(
R2957 T3313 T3296 arg1Of collected,On
R2958 T3313 T3301 arg1Of collected,","
R2959 T3313 T3312 arg2Of collected,was
R2960 T3313 T3314 arg1Of collected,for
R2961 T3313 T3320 arg1Of collected,according
R2962 T3313 T3325 arg1Of collected,","
R2963 T3313 T3326 arg1Of collected,[
R2964 T3317 T3316 arg2Of MPO,(
R2965 T3318 T3316 arg3Of ),(
R2966 T3319 T3314 arg2Of assay,for
R2967 T3319 T3315 arg1Of assay,myeloperoxidase
R2968 T3319 T3316 arg1Of assay,(
R2969 T3321 T3320 arg2Of to,according
R2970 T3322 T3321 arg2Of Krawisz,to
R2971 T3322 T3323 arg1Of Krawisz,et
R2972 T3322 T3324 arg1Of Krawisz,al.
R2973 T3327 T3326 arg2Of 27,[
R2974 T3328 T3326 arg3Of ],[
R2975 T3330 T3329 arg1Of level,The
R2976 T3330 T3331 arg1Of level,of
R2977 T3330 T3333 arg1Of level,","
R2978 T3330 T3335 arg2Of level,expressed
R2979 T3330 T3339 arg1Of level,indicates
R2980 T3332 T3331 arg2Of MPO,of
R2981 T3335 T3334 arg1Of expressed,mainly
R2982 T3337 T3335 arg1Of neutrophils,expressed
R2983 T3337 T3336 arg2Of neutrophils,by
R2984 T3339 T3338 arg1Of indicates,","
R2985 T3341 T3339 arg2Of rate,indicates
R2986 T3341 T3340 arg1Of rate,the
R2987 T3341 T3342 arg1Of rate,of
R2988 T3343 T3342 arg2Of recruitment,of
R2989 T3343 T3344 arg1Of recruitment,of
R2990 T3343 T3346 arg1Of recruitment,to
R2991 T3345 T3344 arg2Of neutrophils,of
R2992 T3349 T3346 arg2Of mucosa,to
R2993 T3349 T3347 arg1Of mucosa,the
R2994 T3349 T3348 arg1Of mucosa,intestinal
R2995 T3351 T3350 arg1Of unit,One
R2996 T3351 T3352 arg1Of unit,of
R2997 T3351 T3355 arg1Of unit,corresponds
R2998 T3354 T3352 arg2Of activity,of
R2999 T3354 T3353 arg1Of activity,MPO
R3000 T3355 T3356 arg1Of corresponds,to
R3001 T3358 T3356 arg2Of degradation,to
R3002 T3358 T3357 arg1Of degradation,the
R3003 T3358 T3359 arg1Of degradation,of
R3004 T3361 T3359 arg2Of µmol,of
R3005 T3361 T3360 arg1Of µmol,1
R3006 T3361 T3362 arg1Of µmol,of
R3007 T3361 T3364 arg1Of µmol,per
R3008 T3361 T3366 arg1Of µmol,at
R3009 T3363 T3362 arg2Of peroxide,of
R3010 T3365 T3364 arg2Of minute,per
R3011 T3367 T3366 arg2Of 25°C,at
R3275 T3677 T3676 arg1Of Culture,Cell
R3276 T3681 T3678 arg1Of reagents,All
R3277 T3681 T3679 arg1Of reagents,tissue
R3278 T3681 T3680 arg1Of reagents,culture
R3279 T3681 T3682 arg1Of reagents,were
R3280 T3681 T3683 arg1Of reagents,from
R3281 T3683 T3682 arg2Of from,were
R3282 T3684 T3683 arg2Of Invitrogen,from
R3283 T3684 T3685 arg1Of Invitrogen,(
R3284 T3687 T3685 arg2Of Pontoise,(
R3285 T3687 T3686 arg1Of Pontoise,Cergy
R3286 T3687 T3688 arg1Of Pontoise,","
R3287 T3689 T3688 arg2Of France,","
R3288 T3690 T3685 arg3Of ),(
R3289 T3694 T3691 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R3290 T3694 T3692 arg1Of cells,human
R3291 T3694 T3693 arg1Of cells,monocytic
R3292 T3694 T3695 arg1Of cells,were
R3293 T3694 T3696 arg2Of cells,maintained
R3294 T3696 T3695 arg2Of maintained,were
R3295 T3696 T3697 arg1Of maintained,in
R3296 T3698 T3697 arg2Of RPMI-1640,in
R3297 T3698 T3699 arg2Of RPMI-1640,supplemented
R3298 T3699 T3700 arg1Of supplemented,with
R3299 T3701 T3702 arg1Of 10,%
R3300 T3703 T3701 arg1Of FCS,10
R3301 T3703 T3704 arg1Of FCS,","
R3302 T3704 T3709 arg1Of ",",","
R3303 T3705 T3706 arg1Of 2,mM
R3304 T3708 T3704 arg2Of -glutamine,","
R3305 T3708 T3705 arg1Of -glutamine,2
R3306 T3708 T3707 arg1Of -glutamine,L
R3307 T3709 T3713 arg1Of ",",and
R3308 T3710 T3711 arg1Of 50,U/ml
R3309 T3712 T3709 arg2Of penicillin,","
R3310 T3712 T3710 arg1Of penicillin,50
R3311 T3713 T3700 arg2Of and,with
R3312 T3714 T3715 arg1Of 50,mg/ml
R3313 T3716 T3713 arg2Of streptomycin,and
R3314 T3716 T3714 arg1Of streptomycin,50
R3315 T3716 T3717 arg1Of streptomycin,at
R3316 T3716 T3719 arg1Of streptomycin,in
R3317 T3718 T3717 arg2Of 37°C,at
R3318 T3721 T3722 arg1Of 5,%
R3319 T3724 T3719 arg2Of incubator,in
R3320 T3724 T3720 arg1Of incubator,a
R3321 T3724 T3721 arg1Of incubator,5
R3322 T3724 T3723 arg1Of incubator,CO2
R3323 T3729 T3725 arg1Of cells,Human
R3324 T3729 T3726 arg1Of cells,peripheral
R3325 T3729 T3727 arg1Of cells,blood
R3326 T3729 T3728 arg1Of cells,mononuclear
R3327 T3729 T3730 arg1Of cells,were
R3328 T3729 T3731 arg2Of cells,obtained
R3329 T3731 T3730 arg2Of obtained,were
R3330 T3731 T3732 arg1Of obtained,from
R3331 T3734 T3732 arg2Of blood,from
R3332 T3734 T3733 arg2Of blood,heparinized
R3333 T3738 T3731 arg1Of gradient,obtained
R3334 T3738 T3735 arg2Of gradient,by
R3335 T3738 T3736 arg1Of gradient,Ficoll-Hypaque
R3336 T3738 T3737 arg1Of gradient,density
R3337 T3739 T3740 arg1Of Monocytes,were
R3338 T3739 T3742 arg2Of Monocytes,isolated
R3339 T3742 T3740 arg2Of isolated,were
R3340 T3742 T3741 arg1Of isolated,then
R3341 T3742 T3743 arg1Of isolated,by
R3342 T3742 T3745 arg1Of isolated,to
R3343 T3742 T3748 arg1Of isolated,as
R3344 T3744 T3743 arg2Of adherence,by
R3345 T3747 T3745 arg2Of flasks,to
R3346 T3747 T3746 arg1Of flasks,culture
R3347 T3749 T3748 arg2Of described,as
R3348 T3749 T3750 arg1Of described,[
R3349 T3751 T3750 arg2Of 28,[
R3350 T3752 T3750 arg3Of ],[
R3351 T3755 T3753 arg2Of aggregation,For
R3352 T3755 T3754 arg1Of aggregation,cell
R3353 T3757 T3758 arg1Of monocytes,were
R3354 T3757 T3759 arg2Of monocytes,cultured
R3355 T3759 T3753 arg1Of cultured,For
R3356 T3759 T3756 arg1Of cultured,","
R3357 T3759 T3758 arg2Of cultured,were
R3358 T3759 T3760 arg1Of cultured,in
R3359 T3762 T3763 arg1Of presence,or
R3360 T3763 T3760 arg2Of or,in
R3361 T3763 T3761 arg1Of or,the
R3362 T3763 T3765 arg1Of or,of
R3363 T3764 T3763 arg2Of absence,or
R3364 T3766 T3767 arg1Of C10,or
R3365 T3767 T3765 arg2Of or,of
R3366 T3767 T3769 arg1Of or,for
R3367 T3768 T3767 arg2Of C40,or
R3368 T3771 T3769 arg2Of h,for
R3369 T3771 T3770 arg1Of h,72
R3370 T3773 T3772 arg1Of colonies,Cell
R3371 T3773 T3774 arg1Of colonies,were
R3372 T3773 T3775 arg2Of colonies,monitored
R3373 T3775 T3774 arg2Of monitored,were
R3374 T3775 T3776 arg1Of monitored,under
R3375 T3781 T3776 arg2Of microscope,under
R3376 T3781 T3777 arg1Of microscope,an
R3377 T3781 T3778 arg2Of microscope,inverted
R3378 T3781 T3779 arg1Of microscope,phase
R3379 T3781 T3780 arg1Of microscope,contrast
R3380 T3781 T3782 arg2Of microscope,coupled
R3381 T3782 T3783 arg1Of coupled,through
R3382 T3786 T3783 arg2Of camera,through
R3383 T3786 T3784 arg1Of camera,a
R3384 T3786 T3785 arg1Of camera,video
R3385 T3786 T3787 arg1Of camera,to
R3386 T3789 T3787 arg2Of computer,to
R3387 T3789 T3788 arg1Of computer,a
R3388 T3792 T3790 arg2Of wells,In
R3389 T3792 T3791 arg1Of wells,some
R3390 T3794 T3813 arg1Of neutralizing,was
R3391 T3794 T3814 arg2Of neutralizing,added
R3392 T3796 T3794 arg2Of antibody,neutralizing
R3393 T3796 T3795 arg1Of antibody,monoclonal
R3394 T3796 T3797 arg1Of antibody,to
R3395 T3798 T3797 arg2Of ICAM-1,to
R3396 T3798 T3799 arg1Of ICAM-1,(
R3397 T3798 T3803 arg1Of ICAM-1,(
R3398 T3801 T3799 arg2Of µg/ml,(
R3399 T3801 T3800 arg1Of µg/ml,2.5
R3400 T3802 T3799 arg3Of ),(
R3401 T3804 T3803 arg2Of Tebu,(
R3402 T3804 T3805 arg1Of Tebu,","
R3403 T3804 T3810 arg1Of Tebu,","
R3404 T3809 T3805 arg2Of Yvelines,","
R3405 T3809 T3806 arg1Of Yvelines,Le
R3406 T3809 T3807 arg1Of Yvelines,Perray
R3407 T3809 T3808 arg1Of Yvelines,en
R3408 T3811 T3810 arg2Of France,","
R3409 T3812 T3803 arg3Of ),(
R3410 T3814 T3790 arg1Of added,In
R3411 T3814 T3793 arg1Of added,","
R3412 T3814 T3813 arg2Of added,was
R3563 T3988 T3986 arg1Of Analysis,Cell
R3564 T3988 T3987 arg1Of Analysis,Cycle
R3565 T3990 T3989 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R3566 T3990 T3991 arg1Of cells,in
R3567 T3990 T3995 arg1Of cells,were
R3568 T3990 T3996 arg2Of cells,exposed
R3569 T3990 T4011 arg1Of cells,being
R3570 T3990 T4012 arg2Of cells,stained
R3571 T3990 T4016 arg1Of cells,using
R3572 T3994 T3991 arg2Of phase,in
R3573 T3994 T3992 arg1Of phase,exponential
R3574 T3994 T3993 arg1Of phase,growth
R3575 T3996 T3995 arg2Of exposed,were
R3576 T3996 T3997 arg1Of exposed,to
R3577 T3996 T4000 arg1Of exposed,in
R3578 T3996 T4010 arg1Of exposed,before
R3579 T3999 T3997 arg2Of medium,to
R3580 T3999 T3998 arg1Of medium,complete
R3581 T4002 T4003 arg1Of presence,or
R3582 T4003 T4000 arg2Of or,in
R3583 T4003 T4001 arg1Of or,the
R3584 T4003 T4005 arg1Of or,of
R3585 T4003 T4007 arg1Of or,for
R3586 T4004 T4003 arg2Of absence,or
R3587 T4006 T4005 arg2Of carrageenans,of
R3588 T4009 T4007 arg2Of h,for
R3589 T4009 T4008 arg1Of h,24
R3590 T4012 T4010 arg2Of stained,before
R3591 T4012 T4011 arg2Of stained,being
R3592 T4012 T4013 arg1Of stained,with
R3593 T4012 T4016 modOf stained,using
R3594 T4015 T4013 arg2Of iodide,with
R3595 T4015 T4014 arg1Of iodide,propidium
R3596 T4016 T4021 arg1Of using,according
R3597 T4016 T4027 arg1Of using,(
R3598 T4020 T4016 arg2Of kit,using
R3599 T4020 T4017 arg1Of kit,the
R3600 T4020 T4018 arg1Of kit,DNA-Prep
R3601 T4020 T4019 arg1Of kit,Coulter
R3602 T4022 T4021 arg2Of to,according
R3603 T4024 T4023 arg1Of manufacturer,the
R3604 T4024 T4025 arg2Of manufacturer,'s
R3605 T4026 T4022 arg2Of instruction,to
R3606 T4026 T4025 arg1Of instruction,'s
R3607 T4028 T4029 arg1Of Beckman-Coulter,","
R3608 T4029 T4031 arg1Of ",",","
R3609 T4030 T4029 arg2Of Villepinte,","
R3610 T4031 T4027 arg2Of ",",(
R3611 T4032 T4031 arg2Of France,","
R3612 T4033 T4027 arg3Of ),(
R3613 T4036 T4034 arg1Of content,Cell
R3614 T4036 T4035 arg1Of content,DNA
R3615 T4036 T4037 arg1Of content,was
R3616 T4036 T4039 arg2Of content,analyzed
R3617 T4039 T4037 arg2Of analyzed,was
R3618 T4039 T4038 arg1Of analyzed,then
R3619 T4042 T4039 arg1Of cytometry,analyzed
R3620 T4042 T4040 arg2Of cytometry,by
R3621 T4042 T4041 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R3622 T4042 T4043 arg1Of cytometry,using
R3623 T4046 T4043 arg2Of XL2,using
R3624 T4046 T4044 arg1Of XL2,an
R3625 T4046 T4045 arg1Of XL2,EPICS
R3626 T4046 T4047 arg1Of XL2,(
R3627 T4048 T4047 arg2Of Beckman-Coulter,(
R3628 T4049 T4047 arg3Of ),(
R3629 T4051 T4050 arg1Of data,Raw
R3630 T4051 T4052 arg1Of data,for
R3631 T4051 T4065 arg1Of data,were
R3632 T4051 T4066 arg2Of data,expressed
R3633 T4054 T4052 arg2Of distribution,for
R3634 T4054 T4053 arg1Of distribution,the
R3635 T4054 T4055 arg1Of distribution,of
R3636 T4057 T4055 arg2Of content,of
R3637 T4057 T4056 arg1Of content,DNA
R3638 T4057 T4058 arg1Of content,of
R3639 T4060 T4058 arg2Of cells,of
R3640 T4060 T4059 arg1Of cells,"30,000"
R3641 T4060 T4061 arg2Of cells,retrieved
R3642 T4061 T4062 arg1Of retrieved,from
R3643 T4064 T4062 arg2Of cytometer,from
R3644 T4064 T4063 arg1Of cytometer,the
R3645 T4066 T4065 arg2Of expressed,were
R3646 T4066 T4067 arg1Of expressed,as
R3647 T4069 T4067 arg2Of percentage,as
R3648 T4069 T4068 arg1Of percentage,the
R3649 T4069 T4070 arg1Of percentage,of
R3650 T4069 T4072 arg1Of percentage,through
R3651 T4071 T4070 arg2Of G0/G1,of
R3652 T4074 T4072 arg2Of populations,through
R3653 T4074 T4073 arg1Of populations,G2/M
R3654 T4077 T4075 arg1Of software,Multicycle
R3655 T4077 T4076 arg1Of software,AV
R3656 T4077 T4078 arg1Of software,(
R3657 T4077 T4088 arg1Of software,was
R3658 T4077 T4089 arg2Of software,used
R3659 T4077 T4097 arg1Of software,facilitate
R3660 T4081 T4078 arg2Of Systems,(
R3661 T4081 T4079 arg1Of Systems,Phoenix
R3662 T4081 T4080 arg1Of Systems,Flow
R3663 T4081 T4082 arg1Of Systems,","
R3664 T4084 T4082 arg2Of Diego,","
R3665 T4084 T4083 arg1Of Diego,San
R3666 T4084 T4085 arg1Of Diego,","
R3667 T4086 T4085 arg2Of CA,","
R3668 T4087 T4078 arg3Of ),(
R3669 T4089 T4088 arg2Of used,was
R3670 T4089 T4090 modOf used,to
R3671 T4089 T4096 arg1Of used,and
R3672 T4091 T4090 arg1Of generate,to
R3673 T4095 T4091 arg2Of histograms,generate
R3674 T4095 T4092 arg1Of histograms,DNA
R3675 T4095 T4093 arg1Of histograms,content
R3676 T4095 T4094 arg1Of histograms,frequency
R3677 T4097 T4096 arg2Of facilitate,and
R3678 T4099 T4097 arg2Of analysis,facilitate
R3679 T4099 T4098 arg1Of analysis,data
R3798 T4244 T4242 arg1Of Antigen,Cell
R3799 T4244 T4243 arg1Of Antigen,Surface
R3800 T4246 T4244 arg1Of Analysis,Antigen
R3801 T4246 T4245 arg1Of Analysis,Expression
R3802 T4249 T4247 arg1Of Monocytes,Peripheral
R3803 T4249 T4248 arg1Of Monocytes,Blood
R3804 T4249 T4250 arg1Of Monocytes,or
R3805 T4250 T4253 arg1Of or,were
R3806 T4250 T4254 arg2Of or,exposed
R3807 T4252 T4250 arg2Of cells,or
R3808 T4252 T4251 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R3809 T4254 T4253 arg2Of exposed,were
R3810 T4254 T4255 arg1Of exposed,to
R3811 T4254 T4258 arg1Of exposed,in
R3812 T4257 T4255 arg2Of medium,to
R3813 T4257 T4256 arg1Of medium,complete
R3814 T4260 T4261 arg1Of presence,or
R3815 T4261 T4258 arg2Of or,in
R3816 T4261 T4259 arg1Of or,the
R3817 T4261 T4263 arg1Of or,of
R3818 T4261 T4265 arg1Of or,for
R3819 T4262 T4261 arg2Of absence,or
R3820 T4264 T4263 arg2Of carrageenan,of
R3821 T4267 T4265 arg2Of h,for
R3822 T4267 T4266 arg1Of h,36
R3823 T4270 T4268 arg2Of washes,After
R3824 T4270 T4269 arg1Of washes,two
R3825 T4270 T4271 arg1Of washes,in
R3826 T4270 T4273 arg1Of washes,without
R3827 T4272 T4271 arg2Of PBS,in
R3828 T4274 T4275 arg1Of Ca2+,and
R3829 T4275 T4273 arg2Of and,without
R3830 T4276 T4275 arg2Of Mg2+,and
R3831 T4278 T4279 arg1Of cells,were
R3832 T4278 T4280 arg2Of cells,incubated
R3833 T4280 T4268 arg1Of incubated,After
R3834 T4280 T4277 arg1Of incubated,","
R3835 T4280 T4279 arg2Of incubated,were
R3836 T4280 T4281 arg1Of incubated,in
R3837 T4280 T4293 modOf incubated,to
R3838 T4282 T4281 arg2Of PBS,in
R3839 T4282 T4283 arg1Of PBS,containing
R3840 T4284 T4285 arg1Of 0.1,%
R3841 T4286 T4284 arg1Of gelatin,0.1
R3842 T4286 T4287 arg1Of gelatin,and
R3843 T4287 T4283 arg2Of and,containing
R3844 T4288 T4289 arg1Of 8,%
R3845 T4292 T4287 arg2Of serum,and
R3846 T4292 T4288 arg1Of serum,8
R3847 T4292 T4290 arg1Of serum,AB
R3848 T4292 T4291 arg1Of serum,human
R3849 T4294 T4293 arg1Of prevent,to
R3850 T4295 T4294 arg2Of binding,prevent
R3851 T4295 T4296 arg1Of binding,to
R3852 T4298 T4296 arg2Of receptors,to
R3853 T4298 T4297 arg1Of receptors,Fc
R3854 T4302 T4301 arg1Of cells,5×105
R3855 T4302 T4303 arg1Of cells,were
R3856 T4302 T4304 arg2Of cells,incubated
R3857 T4304 T4299 arg1Of incubated,Then
R3858 T4304 T4300 arg1Of incubated,","
R3859 T4304 T4303 arg2Of incubated,were
R3860 T4304 T4305 arg1Of incubated,with
R3861 T4304 T4308 arg1Of incubated,at
R3862 T4304 T4310 arg1Of incubated,for
R3863 T4307 T4305 arg2Of antibodies,with
R3864 T4307 T4306 arg1Of antibodies,primary
R3865 T4309 T4308 arg2Of 4°C,at
R3866 T4312 T4310 arg2Of min,for
R3867 T4312 T4311 arg1Of min,30
R3868 T4315 T4313 arg1Of washes,Two
R3869 T4315 T4314 arg1Of washes,other
R3870 T4315 T4316 arg1Of washes,in
R3871 T4315 T4318 arg1Of washes,preceded
R3872 T4317 T4316 arg2Of PBS,in
R3873 T4319 T4318 arg2Of incubation,preceded
R3874 T4319 T4320 arg1Of incubation,with
R3875 T4325 T4320 arg2Of IgG,with
R3876 T4325 T4321 arg1Of IgG,FITC-conjugated
R3877 T4325 T4322 arg1Of IgG,goat
R3878 T4325 T4323 arg1Of IgG,antibody
R3879 T4325 T4324 arg1Of IgG,anti-mouse
R3880 T4325 T4326 arg2Of IgG,diluted
R3881 T4326 T4328 arg1Of diluted,at
R3882 T4326 T4330 arg1Of diluted,for
R3883 T4327 T4326 arg3Of 1/1000,diluted
R3884 T4329 T4328 arg2Of 4°C,at
R3885 T4332 T4330 arg2Of min,for
R3886 T4332 T4331 arg1Of min,30
R3887 T4332 T4333 arg1Of min,(
R3888 T4334 T4333 arg2Of Tebu,(
R3889 T4335 T4333 arg3Of ),(
R3890 T4339 T4336 arg2Of washes,After
R3891 T4339 T4337 arg1Of washes,two
R3892 T4339 T4338 arg1Of washes,additional
R3893 T4341 T4342 arg1Of analysis,of
R3894 T4341 T4345 arg1Of analysis,was
R3895 T4341 T4346 arg2Of analysis,performed
R3896 T4344 T4342 arg2Of cells,of
R3897 T4344 T4343 arg2Of cells,stained
R3898 T4346 T4336 arg1Of performed,After
R3899 T4346 T4340 arg1Of performed,","
R3900 T4346 T4345 arg2Of performed,was
R3901 T4346 T4347 arg1Of performed,on
R3902 T4350 T4347 arg2Of XL2,on
R3903 T4350 T4348 arg1Of XL2,an
R3904 T4350 T4349 arg1Of XL2,EPICS
R3905 T4350 T4351 arg1Of XL2,(
R3906 T4352 T4351 arg2Of Beckman-Coulter,(
R3907 T4353 T4351 arg3Of ),(
R3908 T4356 T4354 arg1Of population,The
R3909 T4356 T4355 arg1Of population,cell
R3910 T4356 T4357 arg1Of population,was
R3911 T4356 T4358 arg2Of population,gated
R3912 T4358 T4357 arg2Of gated,was
R3913 T4358 T4359 arg1Of gated,according
R3914 T4360 T4359 arg2Of to,according
R3915 T4362 T4363 arg1Of forward,and
R3916 T4364 T4363 arg2Of wide-angle,and
R3917 T4366 T4360 arg2Of scattering,to
R3918 T4366 T4361 arg1Of scattering,its
R3919 T4366 T4362 arg1Of scattering,forward
R3920 T4366 T4364 arg1Of scattering,wide-angle
R3921 T4366 T4365 arg1Of scattering,light
R3922 T4367 T4368 arg1Of Data,were
R3923 T4367 T4369 arg2Of Data,expressed
R3924 T4369 T4368 arg2Of expressed,were
R3925 T4369 T4370 arg1Of expressed,as
R3926 T4374 T4370 arg2Of intensity,as
R3927 T4374 T4371 arg1Of intensity,mean
R3928 T4374 T4372 arg1Of intensity,relative
R3929 T4374 T4373 arg1Of intensity,fluorescence
R3930 T4374 T4375 arg1Of intensity,(
R3931 T4374 T4378 arg1Of intensity,of
R3932 T4376 T4375 arg2Of MFI,(
R3933 T4377 T4375 arg3Of ),(
R3934 T4380 T4378 arg2Of cells,of
R3935 T4380 T4379 arg1Of cells,3000
R4092 T4589 T4587 arg1Of Bioassay,TNF
R4093 T4589 T4588 arg1Of Bioassay,Activity
R4094 T4590 T4591 arg1Of Monocytes,or
R4095 T4591 T4594 arg1Of or,were
R4096 T4591 T4595 arg2Of or,cultured
R4097 T4593 T4591 arg2Of cells,or
R4098 T4593 T4592 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R4099 T4595 T4594 arg2Of cultured,were
R4100 T4595 T4596 arg1Of cultured,with
R4101 T4595 T4598 arg1Of cultured,without
R4102 T4596 T4597 arg1Of with,or
R4103 T4598 T4597 arg2Of without,or
R4104 T4600 T4596 arg2Of concentrations,with
R4105 T4600 T4598 arg2Of concentrations,without
R4106 T4600 T4599 arg1Of concentrations,different
R4107 T4600 T4601 arg1Of concentrations,of
R4108 T4600 T4611 arg1Of concentrations,for
R4109 T4602 T4603 arg1Of CGNs,or
R4110 T4603 T4601 arg2Of or,of
R4111 T4603 T4605 arg1Of or,(
R4112 T4604 T4603 arg2Of LPS,or
R4113 T4607 T4605 arg2Of typhosa,(
R4114 T4607 T4606 arg1Of typhosa,Salmonella
R4115 T4607 T4608 arg1Of typhosa,","
R4116 T4609 T4608 arg2Of Sigma,","
R4117 T4610 T4605 arg3Of ),(
R4118 T4613 T4612 arg1Of h,24
R4119 T4613 T4614 arg1Of h,or
R4120 T4614 T4611 arg2Of or,for
R4121 T4617 T4614 arg2Of time,or
R4122 T4617 T4615 arg1Of time,the
R4123 T4617 T4616 arg2Of time,indicated
R4124 T4619 T4618 arg1Of active,Biologically
R4125 T4620 T4619 arg1Of TNF-α/β,active
R4126 T4620 T4621 arg1Of TNF-α/β,in
R4127 T4620 T4625 arg1Of TNF-α/β,was
R4128 T4620 T4626 arg2Of TNF-α/β,measured
R4129 T4624 T4621 arg2Of supernatant,in
R4130 T4624 T4622 arg1Of supernatant,tissue
R4131 T4624 T4623 arg1Of supernatant,culture
R4132 T4626 T4625 arg2Of measured,was
R4133 T4627 T4626 arg3Of using,measured
R4134 T4627 T4635 arg1Of using,[
R4135 T4634 T4627 arg2Of assay,using
R4136 T4634 T4628 arg1Of assay,the
R4137 T4634 T4629 arg1Of assay,WEHI
R4138 T4634 T4630 arg1Of assay,164
R4139 T4634 T4631 arg1Of assay,clone
R4140 T4634 T4632 arg1Of assay,13-cell
R4141 T4634 T4633 arg1Of assay,killing
R4142 T4636 T4635 arg2Of 29,[
R4143 T4637 T4635 arg3Of ],[
R4144 T4639 T4638 arg1Of concentrations,TNF
R4145 T4639 T4640 arg1Of concentrations,are
R4146 T4639 T4641 arg2Of concentrations,expressed
R4147 T4641 T4640 arg2Of expressed,are
R4148 T4641 T4642 arg1Of expressed,as
R4149 T4643 T4642 arg2Of pg/ml,as
R4213 T4751 T4750 arg1Of Analysis,RT-PCR
R4214 T4753 T4752 arg1Of RNA,Total
R4215 T4753 T4754 arg1Of RNA,from
R4216 T4753 T4756 arg1Of RNA,was
R4217 T4753 T4757 arg2Of RNA,isolated
R4218 T4755 T4754 arg2Of monocytes,from
R4219 T4757 T4756 arg2Of isolated,was
R4220 T4758 T4757 arg3Of using,isolated
R4221 T4760 T4758 arg2Of Reagent™,using
R4222 T4760 T4759 arg1Of Reagent™,TRIzol
R4223 T4760 T4761 arg1Of Reagent™,(
R4224 T4762 T4761 arg2Of Invitrogen,(
R4225 T4763 T4761 arg3Of ),(
R4226 T4764 T4765 arg1Of . cD,NA
R4227 T4764 T4766 arg2Of . cD,was gener
R4228 T4766 T4756 modOf was gener,was
R4229 T4766 T4765 arg2Of was gener,NA
R4230 T4766 T4767 arg1Of was gener,at
R4231 T4766 T4780 arg1Of was gener,v
R4232 T4769 T4767 arg2Of d ,at
R4233 T4769 T4768 arg1Of d ,e
R4234 T4769 T4770 arg1Of d ,on
R4235 T4769 T4773 arg1Of d ,to
R4236 T4772 T4770 arg2Of of ,on
R4237 T4772 T4771 arg1Of of ,1 µg
R4238 T4776 T4773 arg2Of n a re,to
R4239 T4776 T4774 arg1Of n a re,t
R4240 T4776 T4775 arg1Of n a re,al RNA i
R4241 T4776 T4777 arg1Of n a re,ac
R4242 T4779 T4777 arg2Of on,ac
R4243 T4779 T4778 arg1Of on,ti
R4244 T4781 T4766 arg3Of olume,was gener
R4245 T4784 T4781 arg2Of ng M-MLV reve,olume
R4246 T4784 T4782 arg1Of ng M-MLV reve,of 20
R4247 T4784 T4783 arg1Of ng M-MLV reve,"µl, usi"
R4248 T4784 T4785 arg1Of ng M-MLV reve,r
R4249 T4786 T4785 arg2Of se transcr,r
R4250 T4787 T4785 arg3Of i,r
R4251 T4788 T4789 arg1Of PCR,was
R4252 T4788 T4790 arg2Of PCR,done
R4253 T4790 T4789 arg2Of done,was
R4254 T4790 T4791 arg1Of done,in
R4255 T4794 T4791 arg2Of range,in
R4256 T4794 T4792 arg1Of range,the
R4257 T4794 T4793 arg1Of range,linear
R4258 T4794 T4795 arg1Of range,of
R4259 T4796 T4795 arg2Of amplification,of
R4260 T4796 T4797 arg1Of amplification,(
R4261 T4798 T4797 arg2Of determined,(
R4262 T4798 T4799 arg1Of determined,for
R4263 T4803 T4799 arg2Of combination,for
R4264 T4803 T4800 arg1Of combination,each
R4265 T4803 T4801 arg1Of combination,primer
R4266 T4803 T4802 arg1Of combination,pair-cDNA
R4267 T4804 T4797 arg3Of ),(
R4268 T4807 T4805 arg1Of reactions,Standard
R4269 T4807 T4806 arg1Of reactions,PCR
R4270 T4807 T4808 arg1Of reactions,were
R4271 T4807 T4809 arg2Of reactions,performed
R4272 T4809 T4808 arg2Of performed,were
R4273 T4809 T4810 arg1Of performed,with
R4274 T4809 T4849 arg1Of performed,(
R4275 T4812 T4811 arg1Of µl,1
R4276 T4812 T4813 arg1Of µl,of
R4277 T4812 T4817 arg1Of µl,","
R4278 T4816 T4813 arg2Of solution,of
R4279 T4816 T4814 arg1Of solution,the
R4280 T4816 T4815 arg1Of solution,cDNA
R4281 T4817 T4824 arg1Of ",",","
R4282 T4819 T4817 arg2Of µM,","
R4283 T4819 T4818 arg1Of µM,50
R4284 T4819 T4820 arg1Of µM,of
R4285 T4823 T4820 arg2Of solution,of
R4286 T4823 T4821 arg1Of solution,each
R4287 T4823 T4822 arg1Of solution,primer
R4288 T4824 T4830 arg1Of ",",","
R4289 T4826 T4824 arg2Of mM,","
R4290 T4826 T4825 arg1Of mM,10
R4291 T4826 T4827 arg1Of mM,of
R4292 T4829 T4827 arg2Of dNTP,of
R4293 T4829 T4828 arg1Of dNTP,each
R4294 T4830 T4834 arg1Of ",",","
R4295 T4830 T4842 arg1Of ",",and
R4296 T4831 T4832 arg1Of 25,mM
R4297 T4833 T4830 arg2Of MgCl2,","
R4298 T4833 T4831 arg1Of MgCl2,25
R4299 T4836 T4835 arg1Of Goldstar,10X
R4300 T4840 T4834 arg2Of buffer,","
R4301 T4840 T4836 arg1Of buffer,Goldstar
R4302 T4840 T4837 arg1Of buffer,DNA
R4303 T4840 T4838 arg1Of buffer,polymerase
R4304 T4840 T4839 arg1Of buffer,reaction
R4305 T4842 T4810 arg2Of and,with
R4306 T4842 T4841 arg1Of and,","
R4307 T4844 T4842 arg2Of units,and
R4308 T4844 T4843 arg1Of units,0.5
R4309 T4844 T4845 arg1Of units,of
R4310 T4848 T4845 arg2Of polymerase,of
R4311 T4848 T4846 arg1Of polymerase,Goldstar
R4312 T4848 T4847 arg1Of polymerase,DNA
R4313 T4850 T4851 arg1Of Eurogentec,","
R4314 T4851 T4849 arg2Of ",",(
R4315 T4851 T4853 arg1Of ",",","
R4316 T4852 T4851 arg2Of Seraing,","
R4317 T4854 T4853 arg2Of Belgium,","
R4318 T4855 T4849 arg3Of ),(
R4319 T4858 T4856 arg1Of cycle,First
R4320 T4858 T4857 arg1Of cycle,PCR
R4321 T4858 T4859 arg1Of cycle,consisted
R4322 T4859 T4860 arg1Of consisted,of
R4323 T4859 T4863 arg1Of consisted,at
R4324 T4859 T4875 arg1Of consisted,;
R4325 T4862 T4860 arg2Of min,of
R4326 T4862 T4861 arg1Of min,1
R4327 T4864 T4865 arg1Of 92°C,","
R4328 T4865 T4870 arg1Of ",",and
R4329 T4867 T4865 arg2Of min,","
R4330 T4867 T4866 arg1Of min,1
R4331 T4867 T4868 arg1Of min,at
R4332 T4869 T4868 arg2Of 58°C,at
R4333 T4870 T4863 arg2Of and,at
R4334 T4870 T4873 arg1Of and,at
R4335 T4872 T4870 arg2Of min,and
R4336 T4872 T4871 arg1Of min,1
R4337 T4874 T4873 arg2Of 72°C,at
R4338 T4879 T4877 arg1Of cycle,each
R4339 T4879 T4878 arg1Of cycle,PCR
R4340 T4879 T4880 arg1Of cycle,consisted
R4341 T4880 T4875 arg2Of consisted,;
R4342 T4880 T4876 arg1Of consisted,then
R4343 T4880 T4881 arg1Of consisted,of
R4344 T4880 T4884 arg1Of consisted,at
R4345 T4883 T4881 arg2Of sec,of
R4346 T4883 T4882 arg1Of sec,40
R4347 T4885 T4884 arg2Of 92°C,at
R4348 T4888 T4887 arg1Of sec,40
R4349 T4888 T4889 arg1Of sec,at
R4350 T4888 T4894 arg1Of sec,at
R4351 T4888 T4899 arg1Of sec,was
R4352 T4888 T4900 arg2Of sec,amplified
R4353 T4888 T4941 arg1Of sec,sense
R4354 T4890 T4891 arg1Of 58°C,and
R4355 T4891 T4889 arg2Of and,at
R4356 T4893 T4891 arg2Of sec,and
R4357 T4893 T4892 arg1Of sec,50
R4358 T4896 T4894 arg2Of cDNA,at
R4359 T4896 T4895 arg1Of cDNA,72°C.
R4360 T4896 T4897 arg1Of cDNA,for
R4361 T4898 T4897 arg2Of β-actin,for
R4362 T4900 T4899 arg2Of amplified,was
R4363 T4900 T4901 arg1Of amplified,for
R4364 T4900 T4907 arg1Of amplified,:
R4365 T4903 T4901 arg2Of cycles,for
R4366 T4903 T4902 arg1Of cycles,28
R4367 T4903 T4904 arg1Of cycles,using
R4368 T4906 T4904 arg2Of oligos,using
R4369 T4906 T4905 arg1Of oligos,the
R4370 T4907 T4875 arg3Of :,;
R4371 T4907 T4886 arg1Of :,","
R4372 T4909 T4908 arg1Of 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′,sense
R4373 T4909 T4910 arg1Of 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′,and
R4374 T4910 T4914 arg1Of and,for
R4375 T4910 T4916 arg1Of and,was
R4376 T4910 T4917 arg2Of and,amplified
R4377 T4913 T4910 arg2Of cDNA,and
R4378 T4913 T4911 arg1Of cDNA,antisense
R4379 T4913 T4912 arg1Of cDNA,5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′.
R4380 T4915 T4914 arg2Of TNF-α,for
R4381 T4917 T4916 arg2Of amplified,was
R4382 T4917 T4918 arg1Of amplified,for
R4383 T4917 T4924 arg1Of amplified,:
R4384 T4920 T4918 arg2Of cycles,for
R4385 T4920 T4919 arg1Of cycles,35
R4386 T4920 T4921 arg1Of cycles,using
R4387 T4923 T4921 arg2Of oligos,using
R4388 T4923 T4922 arg1Of oligos,the
R4389 T4926 T4925 arg1Of 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′,sense
R4390 T4926 T4927 arg1Of 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′,and
R4391 T4927 T4931 arg1Of and,for
R4392 T4927 T4933 arg1Of and,was
R4393 T4927 T4934 arg2Of and,amplified
R4394 T4930 T4927 arg2Of cDNA,and
R4395 T4930 T4928 arg1Of cDNA,antisense
R4396 T4930 T4929 arg1Of cDNA,5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′.
R4397 T4932 T4931 arg2Of ICAM-1,for
R4398 T4934 T4924 arg2Of amplified,:
R4399 T4934 T4933 arg2Of amplified,was
R4400 T4934 T4935 arg1Of amplified,for
R4401 T4937 T4935 arg2Of cycles,for
R4402 T4937 T4936 arg1Of cycles,35
R4403 T4937 T4938 arg1Of cycles,using
R4404 T4940 T4938 arg2Of oligos,using
R4405 T4940 T4939 arg1Of oligos,the
R4406 T4941 T4907 arg2Of sense,:
R4407 T4941 T4916 modOf sense,was
R4408 T4942 T4943 arg1Of 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′,and
R4409 T4944 T4943 arg2Of antisense,and
R4410 T4946 T4941 arg2Of TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′,sense
R4411 T4946 T4942 arg1Of TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′,5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′
R4412 T4946 T4944 arg1Of TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′,antisense
R4413 T4946 T4945 arg1Of TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′,5′-A
R4654 T5243 T5239 arg1Of Assay,NF-kB
R4655 T5243 T5240 arg1Of Assay,Transcription
R4656 T5243 T5241 arg1Of Assay,Reporter
R4657 T5243 T5242 arg1Of Assay,Gene
R4658 T5246 T5244 arg1Of 3XMHC-luc,The
R4659 T5246 T5245 arg1Of 3XMHC-luc,plasmid
R4660 T5246 T5247 arg1Of 3XMHC-luc,(
R4661 T5246 T5267 arg1Of 3XMHC-luc,contains
R4662 T5250 T5248 arg1Of gift,a
R4663 T5250 T5249 arg1Of gift,generous
R4664 T5250 T5251 arg1Of gift,from
R4665 T5250 T5255 arg1Of gift,and
R4666 T5254 T5251 arg2Of Westwick,from
R4667 T5254 T5252 arg1Of Westwick,Drs.
R4668 T5254 T5253 arg1Of Westwick,J.
R4669 T5255 T5247 arg2Of and,(
R4670 T5257 T5255 arg2Of Brenner,and
R4671 T5257 T5256 arg1Of Brenner,D.A.
R4672 T5257 T5258 arg1Of Brenner,","
R4673 T5257 T5263 arg1Of Brenner,","
R4674 T5259 T5258 arg2Of University,","
R4675 T5259 T5260 arg1Of University,of
R4676 T5262 T5260 arg2Of Carolina,of
R4677 T5262 T5261 arg1Of Carolina,North
R4678 T5265 T5263 arg2Of Hill,","
R4679 T5265 T5264 arg1Of Hill,Chapel
R4680 T5266 T5247 arg3Of ),(
R4681 T5269 T5267 arg2Of copies,contains
R4682 T5269 T5268 arg1Of copies,three
R4683 T5269 T5270 arg1Of copies,of
R4684 T5269 T5273 arg1Of copies,from
R4685 T5269 T5279 arg1Of copies,","
R4686 T5269 T5280 arg2Of copies,placed
R4687 T5272 T5270 arg2Of element,of
R4688 T5272 T5271 arg1Of element,NF-κB-responsive
R4689 T5278 T5273 arg2Of locus,from
R4690 T5278 T5274 arg1Of locus,the
R4691 T5278 T5275 arg1Of locus,MHC
R4692 T5278 T5276 arg1Of locus,class
R4693 T5278 T5277 arg1Of locus,I
R4694 T5280 T5281 arg1Of placed,upstream
R4695 T5281 T5282 arg1Of upstream,of
R4696 T5285 T5282 arg2Of gene,of
R4697 T5285 T5283 arg1Of gene,the
R4698 T5285 T5284 arg1Of gene,luciferase
R4699 T5289 T5286 arg1Of cells,Human
R4700 T5289 T5287 arg1Of cells,monocytic
R4701 T5289 T5288 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R4702 T5289 T5290 arg1Of cells,were
R4703 T5289 T5292 arg2Of cells,transfected
R4704 T5289 T5302 arg2Of cells,cultured
R4705 T5292 T5293 arg1Of transfected,as
R4706 T5292 T5300 arg1Of transfected,and
R4707 T5295 T5294 arg1Of described,previously
R4708 T5297 T5293 arg2Of 30,as
R4709 T5297 T5295 arg1Of 30,described
R4710 T5297 T5296 arg2Of 30,[
R4711 T5298 T5296 arg3Of ],[
R4712 T5300 T5290 arg2Of and,were
R4713 T5300 T5291 arg1Of and,transiently
R4714 T5300 T5299 arg1Of and,","
R4715 T5302 T5300 arg2Of cultured,and
R4716 T5302 T5301 arg1Of cultured,then
R4717 T5302 T5303 arg1Of cultured,for
R4718 T5305 T5303 arg2Of h,for
R4719 T5305 T5304 arg1Of h,4
R4720 T5305 T5306 arg1Of h,alone
R4721 T5305 T5308 arg1Of h,with
R4722 T5306 T5307 arg1Of alone,or
R4723 T5308 T5307 arg2Of with,or
R4724 T5310 T5308 arg2Of concentration,with
R4725 T5310 T5309 arg1Of concentration,increasing
R4726 T5310 T5311 arg1Of concentration,of
R4727 T5313 T5314 arg1Of C10,or
R4728 T5314 T5311 arg2Of or,of
R4729 T5314 T5312 arg1Of or,either
R4730 T5315 T5314 arg2Of C40,or
R4731 T5317 T5316 arg1Of activity,Luciferase
R4732 T5317 T5318 arg1Of activity,was
R4733 T5317 T5319 arg2Of activity,determined
R4734 T5319 T5318 arg2Of determined,was
R4735 T5320 T5319 arg3Of using,determined
R4736 T5322 T5320 arg2Of luminometer,using
R4737 T5322 T5321 arg1Of luminometer,a
R4738 T5322 T5323 arg1Of luminometer,(
R4739 T5326 T5323 arg2Of Luminometer,(
R4740 T5326 T5324 arg1Of Luminometer,Monolight
R4741 T5326 T5325 arg1Of Luminometer,2010
R4742 T5326 T5327 arg1Of Luminometer,","
R4743 T5329 T5327 arg2Of Arbor,","
R4744 T5329 T5328 arg1Of Arbor,Ann
R4745 T5329 T5330 arg1Of Arbor,","
R4746 T5331 T5330 arg2Of MI,","
R4747 T5332 T5323 arg3Of ),(
R4845 T5493 T5492 arg1Of Blot,Western
R4846 T5494 T5493 arg1Of Analysis,Blot
R4847 T5496 T5495 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R4848 T5496 T5497 arg1Of cells,were
R4849 T5496 T5498 arg2Of cells,stimulated
R4850 T5498 T5497 arg2Of stimulated,were
R4851 T5498 T5499 arg1Of stimulated,for
R4852 T5501 T5499 arg2Of lengths,for
R4853 T5501 T5500 arg1Of lengths,various
R4854 T5501 T5502 arg1Of lengths,of
R4855 T5503 T5502 arg2Of time,of
R4856 T5503 T5504 arg1Of time,with
R4857 T5505 T5506 arg1Of 0.1,mg/ml
R4858 T5507 T5505 arg1Of C10,0.1
R4859 T5507 T5508 arg1Of C10,or
R4860 T5508 T5511 arg1Of or,or
R4861 T5509 T5508 arg2Of C40,or
R4862 T5511 T5504 arg2Of or,with
R4863 T5511 T5510 arg1Of or,","
R4864 T5514 T5511 arg2Of LPS,or
R4865 T5514 T5512 arg1Of LPS,10
R4866 T5514 T5513 arg1Of LPS,µg/ml
R4867 T5515 T5516 arg1Of Cells,were
R4868 T5515 T5518 arg2Of Cells,pelleted
R4869 T5515 T5520 arg2Of Cells,washed
R4870 T5515 T5522 arg2Of Cells,homogenised
R4871 T5518 T5519 arg1Of pelleted,","
R4872 T5519 T5521 arg1Of ",",and
R4873 T5520 T5519 arg2Of washed,","
R4874 T5521 T5516 arg2Of and,were
R4875 T5521 T5517 arg1Of and,then
R4876 T5522 T5521 arg2Of homogenised,and
R4877 T5522 T5523 arg1Of homogenised,in
R4878 T5525 T5523 arg2Of buffer,in
R4879 T5525 T5524 arg1Of buffer,lysis
R4880 T5525 T5526 arg1Of buffer,(
R4881 T5525 T5551 arg1Of buffer,on
R4882 T5529 T5526 arg2Of Hepes,(
R4883 T5529 T5527 arg1Of Hepes,10
R4884 T5529 T5528 arg1Of Hepes,mM
R4885 T5529 T5530 arg1Of Hepes,","
R4886 T5531 T5532 arg1Of pH,7.9
R4887 T5531 T5533 arg1Of pH,","
R4888 T5533 T5537 arg1Of ",",","
R4889 T5534 T5535 arg1Of 150,mM
R4890 T5536 T5533 arg2Of NaCl,","
R4891 T5536 T5534 arg1Of NaCl,150
R4892 T5537 T5541 arg1Of ",",","
R4893 T5538 T5539 arg1Of 1,mM
R4894 T5540 T5537 arg2Of EDTA,","
R4895 T5540 T5538 arg1Of EDTA,1
R4896 T5541 T5546 arg1Of ",",and
R4897 T5542 T5543 arg1Of 0.6,%
R4898 T5544 T5541 arg2Of NP-40,","
R4899 T5544 T5542 arg1Of NP-40,0.6
R4900 T5546 T5530 arg2Of and,","
R4901 T5546 T5545 arg1Of and,","
R4902 T5547 T5548 arg1Of 0.5,mM
R4903 T5549 T5546 arg2Of PMSF,and
R4904 T5549 T5547 arg1Of PMSF,0.5
R4905 T5550 T5526 arg3Of ),(
R4906 T5552 T5551 arg2Of ice,on
R4907 T5553 T5554 arg1Of Homogenates,were
R4908 T5553 T5555 arg2Of Homogenates,sonicated
R4909 T5553 T5557 arg2Of Homogenates,centrifuged
R4910 T5555 T5556 arg1Of sonicated,","
R4911 T5556 T5554 arg2Of ",",were
R4912 T5556 T5561 modOf ",",to
R4913 T5557 T5556 arg2Of centrifuged,","
R4914 T5557 T5558 arg1Of centrifuged,at
R4915 T5560 T5558 arg2Of rpm,at
R4916 T5560 T5559 arg1Of rpm,"10,000"
R4917 T5562 T5561 arg1Of remove,to
R4918 T5564 T5563 arg1Of debris,cellular
R4919 T5564 T5566 arg1Of debris,and
R4920 T5566 T5562 arg2Of and,remove
R4921 T5566 T5565 arg1Of and,","
R4922 T5566 T5568 arg2Of and,collected
R4923 T5567 T5566 arg2Of supernatant,and
R4924 T5570 T5569 arg1Of concentration,Protein
R4925 T5570 T5571 arg1Of concentration,was
R4926 T5570 T5572 arg2Of concentration,determined
R4927 T5572 T5571 arg2Of determined,was
R4928 T5573 T5572 arg3Of using,determined
R4929 T5577 T5573 arg2Of Assay,using
R4930 T5577 T5574 arg1Of Assay,the
R4931 T5577 T5575 arg1Of Assay,DC
R4932 T5577 T5576 arg1Of Assay,Protein
R4933 T5577 T5578 arg1Of Assay,(
R4934 T5579 T5578 arg2Of Bio-Rad,(
R4935 T5580 T5578 arg3Of ),(
R4936 T5581 T5582 arg1Of Proteins,in
R4937 T5581 T5590 arg1Of Proteins,were
R4938 T5581 T5591 arg2Of Proteins,resolved
R4939 T5581 T5600 arg2Of Proteins,transferred
R4940 T5583 T5582 arg2Of samples,in
R4941 T5583 T5584 arg1Of samples,(
R4942 T5588 T5584 arg2Of proteins,(
R4943 T5588 T5585 arg1Of proteins,15
R4944 T5588 T5586 arg1Of proteins,µg
R4945 T5588 T5587 arg1Of proteins,total
R4946 T5589 T5584 arg3Of ),(
R4947 T5591 T5592 arg1Of resolved,in
R4948 T5591 T5599 arg1Of resolved,and
R4949 T5595 T5596 arg1Of 12,%
R4950 T5598 T5592 arg2Of gel,in
R4951 T5598 T5593 arg1Of gel,a
R4952 T5598 T5594 arg1Of gel,denaturing
R4953 T5598 T5595 arg1Of gel,12
R4954 T5598 T5597 arg1Of gel,polyacrylamide
R4955 T5599 T5590 arg2Of and,were
R4956 T5600 T5599 arg2Of transferred,and
R4957 T5600 T5601 arg1Of transferred,to
R4958 T5604 T5601 arg2Of membrane,to
R4959 T5604 T5602 arg1Of membrane,a
R4960 T5604 T5603 arg1Of membrane,nitrocellulose
R4961 T5606 T5605 arg1Of protein,I-κBα
R4962 T5606 T5607 arg1Of protein,was
R4963 T5606 T5608 arg2Of protein,detected
R4964 T5606 T5609 arg1Of protein,using
R4965 T5608 T5607 arg2Of detected,was
R4966 T5609 T5608 arg3Of using,detected
R4967 T5609 T5621 modOf using,followed
R4968 T5613 T5609 arg2Of antibody,using
R4969 T5613 T5610 arg1Of antibody,a
R4970 T5613 T5611 arg1Of antibody,rabbit
R4971 T5613 T5612 arg1Of antibody,polyclonal
R4972 T5613 T5614 arg1Of antibody,(
R4973 T5617 T5614 arg2Of Biotechnology,(
R4974 T5617 T5615 arg1Of Biotechnology,Santa
R4975 T5617 T5616 arg1Of Biotechnology,Cruz
R4976 T5617 T5618 arg1Of Biotechnology,","
R4977 T5619 T5618 arg2Of CA,","
R4978 T5620 T5614 arg3Of ),(
R4979 T5628 T5621 arg1Of antibody,followed
R4980 T5628 T5622 arg2Of antibody,by
R4981 T5628 T5623 arg1Of antibody,a
R4982 T5628 T5624 arg1Of antibody,horseradish
R4983 T5628 T5625 arg1Of antibody,peroxidase-coupled
R4984 T5628 T5626 arg1Of antibody,goat
R4985 T5628 T5627 arg1Of antibody,polyclonal
R4986 T5628 T5629 arg1Of antibody,against
R4987 T5631 T5629 arg2Of Ig,against
R4988 T5631 T5630 arg1Of Ig,rabbit
R4989 T5631 T5632 arg1Of Ig,(
R4990 T5634 T5632 arg2Of Laboratories,(
R4991 T5634 T5633 arg1Of Laboratories,Caltag
R4992 T5635 T5632 arg3Of ),(
R4993 T5639 T5638 arg1Of bands,IκB
R4994 T5639 T5640 arg1Of bands,were
R4995 T5639 T5641 arg2Of bands,revealed
R4996 T5641 T5636 arg1Of revealed,Finally
R4997 T5641 T5637 arg1Of revealed,","
R4998 T5641 T5640 arg2Of revealed,were
R4999 T5641 T5642 modOf revealed,using
R5000 T5641 T5647 arg1Of revealed,(
R5001 T5641 T5657 arg1Of revealed,according
R5002 T5646 T5642 arg2Of system,using
R5003 T5646 T5643 arg1Of system,the
R5004 T5646 T5644 arg1Of system,ECL™
R5005 T5646 T5645 arg1Of system,detection
R5006 T5650 T5647 arg2Of Biotech,(
R5007 T5650 T5648 arg1Of Biotech,Amersham
R5008 T5650 T5649 arg1Of Biotech,Pharmacia
R5009 T5650 T5651 arg1Of Biotech,","
R5010 T5653 T5651 arg2Of Ullis,","
R5011 T5653 T5652 arg1Of Ullis,Les
R5012 T5653 T5654 arg1Of Ullis,","
R5013 T5655 T5654 arg2Of France,","
R5014 T5656 T5647 arg3Of ),(
R5015 T5658 T5657 arg2Of to,according
R5016 T5660 T5659 arg1Of manufacturers,the
R5017 T5660 T5661 arg2Of manufacturers,'
R5018 T5662 T5658 arg2Of instruction,to
R5019 T5662 T5661 arg1Of instruction,'
R5020 T5663 T5664 arg1Of Antibody,to
R5021 T5663 T5670 arg1Of Antibody,was
R5022 T5665 T5664 arg2Of α-Tubulin,to
R5023 T5665 T5666 arg1Of α-Tubulin,(
R5024 T5668 T5666 arg2Of Cruz,(
R5025 T5668 T5667 arg1Of Cruz,Santa
R5026 T5669 T5666 arg3Of ),(
R5027 T5670 T5672 arg1Of was,as
R5028 T5671 T5670 arg2Of use,was
R5029 T5673 T5672 arg2Of loading,as
R5030 T5674 T5673 arg2Of control,loading
R5031 T5677 T5675 arg2Of NF-κB,For
R5032 T5677 T5676 arg1Of NF-κB,nuclear
R5033 T5680 T5679 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R5034 T5680 T5681 arg1Of cells,were
R5035 T5680 T5682 arg2Of cells,stimulated
R5036 T5682 T5681 arg2Of stimulated,were
R5037 T5682 T5683 arg1Of stimulated,with
R5038 T5686 T5687 arg1Of C10,or
R5039 T5687 T5683 arg2Of or,with
R5040 T5687 T5684 arg1Of or,1
R5041 T5687 T5685 arg1Of or,mg/ml
R5042 T5687 T5689 arg1Of or,for
R5043 T5688 T5687 arg2Of C40,or
R5044 T5691 T5690 arg1Of minutes,30
R5045 T5691 T5692 arg1Of minutes,at
R5046 T5691 T5695 arg1Of minutes,were
R5047 T5691 T5697 arg2Of minutes,pelleted
R5048 T5694 T5692 arg2Of Cells,at
R5049 T5694 T5693 arg1Of Cells,37°C.
R5050 T5697 T5675 arg1Of pelleted,For
R5051 T5697 T5678 arg1Of pelleted,","
R5052 T5697 T5681 modOf pelleted,were
R5053 T5697 T5695 arg2Of pelleted,were
R5054 T5697 T5696 arg1Of pelleted,then
R5055 T5697 T5698 arg1Of pelleted,and
R5056 T5699 T5697 arg3Of nuclei,pelleted
R5057 T5699 T5700 arg2Of nuclei,separated
R5058 T5700 T5701 arg1Of separated,as
R5059 T5702 T5701 arg2Of described,as
R5060 T5702 T5703 arg1Of described,[
R5061 T5704 T5703 arg2Of 31,[
R5062 T5705 T5703 arg3Of ],[
R5063 T5706 T5707 arg1Of Nuclei,were
R5064 T5706 T5708 arg2Of Nuclei,washed
R5065 T5706 T5710 arg2Of Nuclei,homogenized
R5066 T5706 T5719 arg2Of Nuclei,heated
R5067 T5708 T5709 arg1Of washed,and
R5068 T5709 T5707 arg2Of and,were
R5069 T5709 T5726 arg1Of and,in
R5070 T5710 T5711 arg1Of homogenized,directly
R5071 T5710 T5712 arg1Of homogenized,in
R5072 T5710 T5718 arg1Of homogenized,and
R5073 T5715 T5714 arg2Of Laemli,(
R5074 T5716 T5714 arg3Of ),(
R5075 T5717 T5712 arg2Of buffer,in
R5076 T5717 T5713 arg1Of buffer,loading
R5077 T5717 T5714 arg1Of buffer,(
R5078 T5718 T5709 arg2Of and,and
R5079 T5719 T5718 arg2Of heated,and
R5080 T5719 T5720 arg1Of heated,for
R5081 T5722 T5720 arg2Of minutes,for
R5082 T5722 T5721 arg1Of minutes,5
R5083 T5722 T5723 arg1Of minutes,at
R5084 T5725 T5723 arg2Of Proteins,at
R5085 T5725 T5724 arg1Of Proteins,100°C.
R5086 T5727 T5728 arg1Of samples,were
R5087 T5727 T5729 arg2Of samples,resolved
R5088 T5727 T5738 arg2Of samples,transferred
R5089 T5729 T5730 arg1Of resolved,in
R5090 T5729 T5737 arg1Of resolved,and
R5091 T5733 T5734 arg1Of 8,%
R5092 T5736 T5730 arg2Of gel,in
R5093 T5736 T5731 arg1Of gel,a
R5094 T5736 T5732 arg1Of gel,denaturing
R5095 T5736 T5733 arg1Of gel,8
R5096 T5736 T5735 arg1Of gel,polyacrylamide
R5097 T5737 T5726 arg2Of and,in
R5098 T5737 T5728 arg2Of and,were
R5099 T5738 T5737 arg2Of transferred,and
R5100 T5738 T5739 arg1Of transferred,to
R5101 T5744 T5743 arg2Of PVDF,(
R5102 T5745 T5743 arg3Of ),(
R5103 T5746 T5739 arg2Of membrane,to
R5104 T5746 T5740 arg1Of membrane,a
R5105 T5746 T5741 arg1Of membrane,polyvinylidine
R5106 T5746 T5742 arg1Of membrane,fluoride
R5107 T5746 T5743 arg1Of membrane,(
R5108 T5746 T5747 arg1Of membrane,(
R5109 T5748 T5747 arg2Of Immobilon-P,(
R5110 T5748 T5749 arg1Of Immobilon-P,;
R5111 T5748 T5753 arg1Of Immobilon-P,","
R5112 T5748 T5754 arg1Of Immobilon-P,MA
R5113 T5750 T5751 arg1Of Millipore,","
R5114 T5751 T5749 arg2Of ",",;
R5115 T5752 T5751 arg2Of Bedford,","
R5116 T5755 T5747 arg3Of ),(
R5117 T5756 T5757 arg1Of Membranes,were
R5118 T5756 T5758 arg2Of Membranes,incubated
R5119 T5758 T5757 arg2Of incubated,were
R5120 T5758 T5759 arg1Of incubated,in
R5121 T5760 T5759 arg2Of blocking,in
R5122 T5761 T5760 arg2Of buffer,blocking
R5123 T5761 T5762 arg1Of buffer,(
R5124 T5761 T5770 arg1Of buffer,for
R5125 T5763 T5764 arg1Of 1,%
R5126 T5765 T5762 arg2Of BSA,(
R5127 T5765 T5763 arg1Of BSA,1
R5128 T5765 T5766 arg1Of BSA,","
R5129 T5765 T5767 arg1Of BSA,in
R5130 T5768 T5767 arg2Of PBS,in
R5131 T5769 T5762 arg3Of ),(
R5132 T5772 T5770 arg2Of hours,for
R5133 T5772 T5771 arg1Of hours,two
R5134 T5772 T5773 arg1Of hours,at
R5135 T5775 T5773 arg2Of temperature,at
R5136 T5775 T5774 arg1Of temperature,room
R5137 T5776 T5777 arg1Of Membranes,were
R5138 T5776 T5779 arg2Of Membranes,probed
R5139 T5779 T5777 arg2Of probed,were
R5140 T5779 T5778 arg1Of probed,subsequently
R5141 T5779 T5780 arg1Of probed,with
R5142 T5779 T5787 arg1Of probed,","
R5143 T5779 T5788 arg1Of probed,overnight
R5144 T5783 T5780 arg2Of antibody,with
R5145 T5783 T5781 arg1Of antibody,the
R5146 T5783 T5782 arg1Of antibody,corresponding
R5147 T5783 T5784 arg1Of antibody,in
R5148 T5785 T5784 arg2Of blocking,in
R5149 T5786 T5785 arg2Of buffer,blocking
R5150 T5794 T5789 arg1Of subunit,Rabbit
R5151 T5794 T5790 arg1Of subunit,polyclonal
R5152 T5794 T5791 arg1Of subunit,antibody
R5153 T5794 T5792 arg1Of subunit,anti-NF-κB
R5154 T5794 T5793 arg1Of subunit,p50
R5155 T5794 T5795 arg1Of subunit,(
R5156 T5794 T5799 arg1Of subunit,or
R5157 T5797 T5795 arg2Of sc-114,(
R5158 T5797 T5796 arg1Of sc-114,#
R5159 T5798 T5795 arg3Of ),(
R5160 T5799 T5807 arg1Of or,from
R5161 T5799 T5811 arg1Of or,were
R5162 T5799 T5812 arg2Of or,used
R5163 T5802 T5799 arg2Of subunit,or
R5164 T5802 T5800 arg1Of subunit,anti-NF-κB
R5165 T5802 T5801 arg1Of subunit,p65
R5166 T5802 T5803 arg1Of subunit,(
R5167 T5805 T5803 arg2Of sc-109,(
R5168 T5805 T5804 arg1Of sc-109,#
R5169 T5806 T5803 arg3Of ),(
R5170 T5810 T5807 arg2Of Biotechnology,from
R5171 T5810 T5808 arg1Of Biotechnology,Santa
R5172 T5810 T5809 arg1Of Biotechnology,Cruz
R5173 T5812 T5811 arg2Of used,were
R5174 T5813 T5814 arg1Of Membranes,were
R5175 T5813 T5815 arg2Of Membranes,washed
R5176 T5813 T5832 arg2Of Membranes,incubated
R5177 T5815 T5817 arg1Of washed,times
R5178 T5815 T5818 arg1Of washed,in
R5179 T5815 T5820 arg1Of washed,with
R5180 T5815 T5824 arg1Of washed,20
R5181 T5815 T5827 arg1Of washed,minutes
R5182 T5815 T5829 arg1Of washed,time
R5183 T5815 T5831 arg1Of washed,and
R5184 T5817 T5816 arg1Of times,six
R5185 T5819 T5818 arg2Of PBS,in
R5186 T5822 T5820 arg2Of %,with
R5187 T5822 T5821 arg1Of %,0.05
R5188 T5824 T5823 arg1Of 20,Tween
R5189 T5824 T5825 arg1Of 20,","
R5190 T5827 T5825 arg2Of minutes,","
R5191 T5827 T5826 arg1Of minutes,5
R5192 T5829 T5828 arg1Of time,each
R5193 T5831 T5814 arg2Of and,were
R5194 T5831 T5830 arg1Of and,","
R5195 T5832 T5831 arg2Of incubated,and
R5196 T5832 T5833 arg1Of incubated,with
R5197 T5832 T5861 arg1Of incubated,for
R5198 T5833 T5859 arg1Of with,in
R5199 T5836 T5834 arg1Of dilution,a
R5200 T5836 T5835 arg1Of dilution,1/3000
R5201 T5836 T5837 arg1Of dilution,of
R5202 T5839 T5837 arg2Of F,of
R5203 T5839 T5838 arg1Of F,HRP-conjugated
R5204 T5841 T5840 arg2Of ab,(
R5205 T5841 T5842 arg1Of ab,'
R5206 T5843 T5840 arg3Of ),(
R5207 T5847 T5833 arg2Of IgG,with
R5208 T5847 T5836 arg1Of IgG,dilution
R5209 T5847 T5840 arg1Of IgG,(
R5210 T5847 T5844 arg1Of IgG,2
R5211 T5847 T5845 arg1Of IgG,goat
R5212 T5847 T5846 arg1Of IgG,anti-rabbit
R5213 T5847 T5848 arg1Of IgG,in
R5214 T5849 T5850 arg1Of 5,%
R5215 T5853 T5849 arg1Of milk,5
R5216 T5853 T5851 arg1Of milk,nonfat
R5217 T5853 T5852 arg1Of milk,dry
R5218 T5853 T5854 arg1Of milk,and
R5219 T5854 T5848 arg2Of and,in
R5220 T5856 T5855 arg1Of %,0.05
R5221 T5858 T5854 arg2Of 20,and
R5222 T5858 T5856 arg1Of 20,%
R5223 T5858 T5857 arg1Of 20,Tween
R5224 T5860 T5859 arg2Of PBS,in
R5225 T5863 T5861 arg2Of hour,for
R5226 T5863 T5862 arg1Of hour,1
R5227 T5863 T5864 arg1Of hour,at
R5228 T5866 T5864 arg2Of temperature,at
R5229 T5866 T5865 arg1Of temperature,room
R5230 T5868 T5867 arg2Of washing,After
R5231 T5868 T5872 arg1Of washing,in
R5232 T5868 T5874 arg1Of washing,with
R5233 T5870 T5869 arg1Of more,six
R5234 T5871 T5868 arg2Of times,washing
R5235 T5871 T5870 arg1Of times,more
R5236 T5873 T5872 arg2Of PBS,in
R5237 T5876 T5875 arg1Of %,0.05
R5238 T5878 T5874 arg2Of 20,with
R5239 T5878 T5876 arg1Of 20,%
R5240 T5878 T5877 arg1Of 20,Tween
R5241 T5881 T5868 arg1Of proteins,washing
R5242 T5881 T5880 arg1Of proteins,antibody-reactive
R5243 T5881 T5882 arg1Of proteins,were
R5244 T5881 T5883 arg2Of proteins,detected
R5245 T5883 T5867 arg1Of detected,After
R5246 T5883 T5879 arg1Of detected,","
R5247 T5883 T5882 arg2Of detected,were
R5248 T5884 T5883 arg3Of using,detected
R5249 T5884 T5888 arg1Of using,(
R5250 T5884 T5897 arg1Of using,according
R5251 T5887 T5884 arg2Of substrate,using
R5252 T5887 T5885 arg1Of substrate,a
R5253 T5887 T5886 arg1Of substrate,chemiluminescence
R5254 T5889 T5890 arg1Of SuperSignal,;
R5255 T5890 T5888 arg2Of ;,(
R5256 T5890 T5894 arg1Of ;,","
R5257 T5891 T5892 arg1Of Pierce,","
R5258 T5892 T5890 arg2Of ",",;
R5259 T5893 T5892 arg2Of Rockford,","
R5260 T5895 T5894 arg2Of IL,","
R5261 T5896 T5888 arg3Of ),(
R5262 T5898 T5897 arg2Of to,according
R5263 T5900 T5899 arg1Of manufacturer,the
R5264 T5900 T5901 arg2Of manufacturer,'s
R5265 T5902 T5898 arg2Of instructions,to
R5266 T5902 T5901 arg1Of instructions,'s
R5267 T5904 T5903 arg1Of confirm,To
R5268 T5907 T5906 arg1Of amounts,equivalent
R5269 T5907 T5908 arg1Of amounts,of
R5270 T5907 T5910 arg1Of amounts,were
R5271 T5907 T5911 arg2Of amounts,loaded
R5272 T5909 T5908 arg2Of protein,of
R5273 T5911 T5904 arg2Of loaded,confirm
R5274 T5911 T5905 arg1Of loaded,that
R5275 T5911 T5910 arg2Of loaded,were
R5276 T5911 T5912 arg1Of loaded,in
R5277 T5914 T5912 arg2Of line,in
R5278 T5914 T5913 arg1Of line,each
R5279 T5916 T5904 arg1Of membranes,confirm
R5280 T5916 T5917 arg1Of membranes,were
R5281 T5916 T5920 arg1Of membranes,blotted
R5282 T5917 T5903 modOf were,To
R5283 T5917 T5915 arg1Of were,","
R5284 T5917 T5918 arg1Of were,also
R5285 T5917 T5923 arg1Of were,as
R5286 T5920 T5917 arg2Of blotted,were
R5287 T5920 T5919 arg1Of blotted,Western
R5288 T5920 T5921 arg1Of blotted,for
R5289 T5922 T5921 arg2Of ERK,for
R5290 T5924 T5923 arg2Of described,as
R5291 T5924 T5925 arg1Of described,[
R5292 T5926 T5925 arg2Of 32,[
R5293 T5927 T5925 arg3Of ],[
R5753 T6465 T6466 arg1Of Analysis,of
R5754 T6465 T6469 arg1Of Analysis,by
R5755 T6468 T6466 arg2Of Activation,of
R5756 T6468 T6467 arg1Of Activation,NF-κB
R5757 T6471 T6469 arg2Of Cytometry,by
R5758 T6471 T6470 arg1Of Cytometry,Flow
R5759 T6473 T6472 arg1Of activation,Nuclear
R5760 T6473 T6474 arg1Of activation,of
R5761 T6473 T6476 arg1Of activation,by
R5762 T6473 T6479 arg1Of activation,was
R5763 T6473 T6480 arg2Of activation,performed
R5764 T6475 T6474 arg2Of NF−κΒ,of
R5765 T6478 T6476 arg2Of cytometry,by
R5766 T6478 T6477 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R5767 T6480 T6479 arg2Of performed,was
R5768 T6480 T6481 arg1Of performed,as
R5769 T6482 T6481 arg2Of described,as
R5770 T6482 T6483 arg1Of described,[
R5771 T6484 T6483 arg2Of 31,[
R5772 T6485 T6483 arg3Of ],[
R5800 T6521 T6520 arg1Of Analysis,Statistical
R5801 T6523 T6522 arg1Of results,The
R5802 T6523 T6524 arg1Of results,were
R5803 T6523 T6525 arg2Of results,expressed
R5804 T6525 T6524 arg2Of expressed,were
R5805 T6525 T6526 arg1Of expressed,as
R5806 T6529 T6527 arg1Of value,the
R5807 T6529 T6528 arg1Of value,mean
R5808 T6529 T6530 arg1Of value,±
R5809 T6530 T6526 arg2Of ±,as
R5810 T6531 T6530 arg2Of S.E.M.,±
R5811 T6531 T6532 arg1Of S.E.M.,of
R5812 T6534 T6532 arg2Of experiments,of
R5813 T6534 T6533 arg1Of experiments,individual
R5814 T6537 T6535 arg1Of significance,The
R5815 T6537 T6536 arg1Of significance,statistical
R5816 T6537 T6538 arg1Of significance,of
R5817 T6537 T6544 arg1Of significance,was
R5818 T6537 T6545 arg2Of significance,assessed
R5819 T6540 T6538 arg2Of differences,of
R5820 T6540 T6539 arg1Of differences,the
R5821 T6540 T6541 arg1Of differences,between
R5822 T6543 T6541 arg2Of values,between
R5823 T6543 T6542 arg1Of values,mean
R5824 T6545 T6544 arg2Of assessed,was
R5825 T6550 T6551 arg1Of t-test,and
R5826 T6551 T6545 arg1Of and,assessed
R5827 T6551 T6546 arg2Of and,by
R5828 T6551 T6547 arg1Of and,the
R5829 T6551 T6548 arg1Of and,Student
R5830 T6551 T6549 arg1Of and,'s
R5831 T6551 T6553 arg1Of and,of
R5832 T6552 T6551 arg2Of analysis,and
R5833 T6554 T6553 arg2Of variance,of
R5834 T6554 T6555 arg1Of variance,(
R5835 T6556 T6555 arg2Of ANOVA,(
R5836 T6557 T6555 arg3Of ),(
R5877 T6627 T6623 arg2Of Inflammation,Degraded
R5878 T6627 T6624 arg1Of Inflammation,CGN
R5879 T6627 T6625 arg1Of Inflammation,Induce
R5880 T6627 T6626 arg1Of Inflammation,Colonic
R5881 T6629 T6628 arg1Of rats,All
R5882 T6629 T6630 arg1Of rats,developed
R5883 T6630 T6632 arg1Of developed,during
R5884 T6630 T6636 arg1Of developed,and
R5885 T6631 T6630 arg2Of diarrhea,developed
R5886 T6635 T6632 arg2Of administration,during
R5887 T6635 T6633 arg2Of administration,degraded
R5888 T6635 T6634 arg1Of administration,carrageenan
R5889 T6638 T6637 arg1Of evidence,gross
R5890 T6638 T6639 arg1Of evidence,of
R5891 T6638 T6641 arg1Of evidence,was
R5892 T6638 T6643 arg2Of evidence,detected
R5893 T6640 T6639 arg2Of blood,of
R5894 T6643 T6636 arg2Of detected,and
R5895 T6643 T6641 arg2Of detected,was
R5896 T6643 T6642 arg1Of detected,frequently
R5897 T6643 T6644 arg1Of detected,in
R5898 T6646 T6644 arg2Of stools,in
R5899 T6646 T6645 arg1Of stools,the
R5900 T6648 T6647 arg1Of length,Colon
R5901 T6648 T6650 arg2Of length,decreased
R5902 T6650 T6649 arg1Of decreased,dramatically
R5903 T6650 T6651 arg1Of decreased,in
R5904 T6650 T6655 arg1Of decreased,with
R5905 T6654 T6651 arg2Of rats,in
R5906 T6654 T6652 arg1Of rats,all
R5907 T6654 T6653 arg2Of rats,treated
R5908 T6658 T6657 arg1Of pronounced,more
R5909 T6659 T6655 arg2Of effect,with
R5910 T6659 T6656 arg1Of effect,a
R5911 T6659 T6658 arg1Of effect,pronounced
R5912 T6659 T6660 arg1Of effect,being
R5913 T6659 T6661 arg2Of effect,observed
R5914 T6661 T6660 arg2Of observed,being
R5915 T6661 T6662 arg1Of observed,in
R5916 T6667 T6666 arg1Of treated,dCGN
R5917 T6668 T6662 arg2Of group,in
R5918 T6668 T6663 arg1Of group,the
R5919 T6668 T6664 arg1Of group,40
R5920 T6668 T6665 arg1Of group,kDa
R5921 T6668 T6667 arg1Of group,treated
R5922 T6668 T6669 arg1Of group,(
R5923 T6671 T6669 arg2Of 1A,(
R5924 T6671 T6670 arg1Of 1A,Fig.
R5925 T6672 T6669 arg3Of ),(
R5926 T6676 T6675 arg2Of exposure,prolonged
R5927 T6676 T6677 arg1Of exposure,to
R5928 T6676 T6681 arg1Of exposure,resulted
R5929 T6680 T6677 arg2Of dCGN,to
R5930 T6680 T6678 arg1Of dCGN,40
R5931 T6680 T6679 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R5932 T6681 T6673 arg1Of resulted,Furthermore
R5933 T6681 T6674 arg1Of resulted,","
R5934 T6681 T6682 arg1Of resulted,in
R5935 T6681 T6690 arg1Of resulted,(
R5936 T6684 T6685 arg1Of macroscopic,and
R5937 T6686 T6685 arg2Of histological,and
R5938 T6687 T6682 arg2Of scores,in
R5939 T6687 T6683 arg1Of scores,high
R5940 T6687 T6684 arg1Of scores,macroscopic
R5941 T6687 T6686 arg1Of scores,histological
R5942 T6687 T6688 arg1Of scores,of
R5943 T6689 T6688 arg2Of inflammation,of
R5944 T6692 T6690 arg2Of 1B,(
R5945 T6692 T6691 arg1Of 1B,Fig.
R5946 T6692 T6693 arg1Of 1B,","
R5947 T6694 T6693 arg2Of C,","
R5948 T6695 T6690 arg3Of ),(
R5949 T6699 T6696 arg1Of activity,Only
R5950 T6699 T6697 arg1Of activity,weak
R5951 T6699 T6698 arg1Of activity,myeloperoxidase
R5952 T6699 T6700 arg1Of activity,was
R5953 T6699 T6701 arg2Of activity,detected
R5954 T6701 T6700 arg2Of detected,was
R5955 T6701 T6702 arg1Of detected,in
R5956 T6701 T6712 arg1Of detected,","
R5957 T6701 T6713 modOf detected,indicating
R5958 T6704 T6705 arg1Of control,and
R5959 T6706 T6705 arg2Of dCGN-treated,and
R5960 T6707 T6702 arg2Of groups,in
R5961 T6707 T6703 arg1Of groups,both
R5962 T6707 T6704 arg1Of groups,control
R5963 T6707 T6706 arg1Of groups,dCGN-treated
R5964 T6707 T6708 arg1Of groups,(
R5965 T6710 T6708 arg2Of 1D,(
R5966 T6710 T6709 arg1Of 1D,Fig.
R5967 T6711 T6708 arg3Of ),(
R5968 T6715 T6716 arg1Of granulocytes,did
R5969 T6715 T6718 arg1Of granulocytes,play
R5970 T6718 T6713 arg2Of play,indicating
R5971 T6718 T6714 arg1Of play,that
R5972 T6718 T6716 arg2Of play,did
R5973 T6718 T6717 arg1Of play,not
R5974 T6718 T6722 arg1Of play,in
R5975 T6718 T6725 arg1Of play,at
R5976 T6721 T6718 arg2Of role,play
R5977 T6721 T6719 arg1Of role,a
R5978 T6721 T6720 arg1Of role,major
R5979 T6724 T6722 arg2Of inflammation,in
R5980 T6724 T6723 arg1Of inflammation,the
R5981 T6727 T6725 arg2Of stage,at
R5982 T6727 T6726 arg1Of stage,that
R5983 T6729 T6728 arg1Of examination,Histological
R5984 T6729 T6730 arg1Of examination,revealed
R5985 T6732 T6730 arg2Of degrees,revealed
R5986 T6732 T6731 arg1Of degrees,various
R5987 T6732 T6733 arg1Of degrees,of
R5988 T6735 T6733 arg2Of inflammation,of
R5989 T6735 T6734 arg1Of inflammation,mucosal
R5990 T6736 T6737 arg2Of Rats,treated
R5991 T6736 T6742 arg1Of Rats,showed
R5992 T6737 T6738 arg1Of treated,with
R5993 T6741 T6738 arg2Of dCGN,with
R5994 T6741 T6739 arg1Of dCGN,10
R5995 T6741 T6740 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R5996 T6743 T6744 arg1Of edema,","
R5997 T6744 T6747 arg1Of ",",and
R5998 T6746 T6744 arg2Of atrophy,","
R5999 T6746 T6745 arg1Of atrophy,epithelium
R6000 T6747 T6742 arg2Of and,showed
R6001 T6750 T6747 arg2Of infiltration,and
R6002 T6750 T6748 arg1Of infiltration,slight
R6003 T6750 T6749 arg1Of infiltration,lymphocyte
R6004 T6750 T6751 arg1Of infiltration,(
R6005 T6752 T6751 arg2Of data,(
R6006 T6752 T6754 arg2Of data,shown
R6007 T6754 T6753 arg1Of shown,not
R6008 T6755 T6751 arg3Of ),(
R6009 T6757 T6756 arg1Of symptoms,These
R6010 T6757 T6758 arg1Of symptoms,were
R6011 T6757 T6760 arg1Of symptoms,absent
R6012 T6760 T6758 arg2Of absent,were
R6013 T6760 T6759 arg1Of absent,totally
R6014 T6760 T6761 arg1Of absent,in
R6015 T6763 T6761 arg2Of colon,in
R6016 T6763 T6762 arg1Of colon,the
R6017 T6763 T6764 arg1Of colon,of
R6018 T6766 T6764 arg2Of rats,of
R6019 T6766 T6765 arg1Of rats,control
R6020 T6766 T6767 arg1Of rats,(
R6021 T6769 T6767 arg2Of 1E,(
R6022 T6769 T6768 arg1Of 1E,Fig.
R6023 T6770 T6767 arg3Of ),(
R6024 T6772 T6771 arg1Of severe,More
R6025 T6774 T6772 arg1Of injuries,severe
R6026 T6774 T6773 arg1Of injuries,mucosal
R6027 T6774 T6775 arg1Of injuries,including
R6028 T6774 T6789 arg1Of injuries,were
R6029 T6774 T6790 arg2Of injuries,observed
R6030 T6776 T6777 arg1Of ulceration,","
R6031 T6777 T6780 arg1Of ",",","
R6032 T6779 T6777 arg2Of epithelium,","
R6033 T6779 T6778 arg1Of epithelium,hyperplastic
R6034 T6780 T6783 arg1Of ",",and
R6035 T6782 T6780 arg2Of distortion,","
R6036 T6782 T6781 arg1Of distortion,crypt
R6037 T6783 T6775 arg2Of and,including
R6038 T6787 T6783 arg2Of infiltration,and
R6039 T6787 T6784 arg1Of infiltration,a
R6040 T6787 T6785 arg1Of infiltration,strong
R6041 T6787 T6786 arg1Of infiltration,macrophage
R6042 T6790 T6788 arg1Of observed,","
R6043 T6790 T6789 arg2Of observed,were
R6044 T6790 T6791 arg1Of observed,in
R6045 T6796 T6791 arg2Of rats,in
R6046 T6796 T6792 arg1Of rats,the
R6047 T6796 T6793 arg1Of rats,40
R6048 T6796 T6794 arg1Of rats,kDa
R6049 T6796 T6795 arg1Of rats,dCGN-treated
R6050 T6796 T6797 arg1Of rats,(
R6051 T6799 T6797 arg2Of 1F,(
R6052 T6799 T6798 arg1Of 1F,Fig.
R6053 T6800 T6797 arg3Of ),(
R6054 T6803 T6801 arg1Of polysaccharides,No
R6055 T6803 T6802 arg2Of polysaccharides,sulphated
R6056 T6803 T6804 arg1Of polysaccharides,were
R6057 T6803 T6805 arg2Of polysaccharides,detected
R6058 T6805 T6804 arg2Of detected,were
R6059 T6809 T6805 arg1Of staining,detected
R6060 T6809 T6806 arg2Of staining,by
R6061 T6809 T6807 arg1Of staining,toluidine
R6062 T6809 T6808 arg1Of staining,blue
R6063 T6809 T6810 arg1Of staining,of
R6064 T6812 T6810 arg2Of mucosa,of
R6065 T6812 T6811 arg1Of mucosa,colon
R6066 T6812 T6813 arg1Of mucosa,from
R6067 T6814 T6813 arg2Of rats,from
R6068 T6814 T6815 arg2Of rats,treated
R6069 T6815 T6816 arg1Of treated,with
R6070 T6819 T6820 arg1Of 10,or
R6071 T6821 T6820 arg2Of 40,or
R6072 T6823 T6816 arg2Of dCGN,with
R6073 T6823 T6817 arg1Of dCGN,either
R6074 T6823 T6818 arg1Of dCGN,the
R6075 T6823 T6819 arg1Of dCGN,10
R6076 T6823 T6821 arg1Of dCGN,40
R6077 T6823 T6822 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R6078 T6823 T6824 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6079 T6826 T6824 arg2Of shown,(
R6080 T6826 T6825 arg1Of shown,not
R6081 T6827 T6824 arg3Of ),(
R6082 T6829 T6830 arg1Of we,can
R6083 T6829 T6832 arg1Of we,exclude
R6084 T6832 T6828 arg2Of exclude,Although
R6085 T6832 T6830 arg2Of exclude,can
R6086 T6832 T6831 arg1Of exclude,not
R6087 T6833 T6832 arg2Of that,exclude
R6088 T6835 T6834 arg1Of mat,dCGN
R6089 T6835 T6837 arg1Of mat,have
R6090 T6835 T6838 arg1Of mat,retained
R6091 T6838 T6833 arg1Of retained,that
R6092 T6838 T6836 arg1Of retained,not
R6093 T6838 T6837 arg2Of retained,have
R6094 T6838 T6839 arg1Of retained,in
R6095 T6838 T6842 arg1Of retained,during
R6096 T6841 T6839 arg2Of section,in
R6097 T6841 T6840 arg1Of section,the
R6098 T6845 T6842 arg2Of procedure,during
R6099 T6845 T6843 arg1Of procedure,the
R6100 T6845 T6844 arg1Of procedure,histology
R6101 T6847 T6848 arg1Of this,indicates
R6102 T6848 T6828 arg1Of indicates,Although
R6103 T6848 T6846 arg1Of indicates,","
R6104 T6851 T6850 arg1Of polymers,these
R6105 T6851 T6852 arg1Of polymers,may
R6106 T6851 T6854 arg1Of polymers,have
R6107 T6851 T6855 arg1Of polymers,been
R6108 T6851 T6856 arg2Of polymers,phagocytosed
R6109 T6856 T6848 arg2Of phagocytosed,indicates
R6110 T6856 T6849 arg1Of phagocytosed,that
R6111 T6856 T6852 arg2Of phagocytosed,may
R6112 T6856 T6853 arg1Of phagocytosed,not
R6113 T6856 T6854 arg2Of phagocytosed,have
R6114 T6856 T6855 arg2Of phagocytosed,been
R6441 T7289 T7286 arg2Of Production,Degraded
R6442 T7289 T7287 arg1Of Production,CGN
R6443 T7289 T7288 arg1Of Production,"inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α"
R6444 T7289 T7290 arg1Of Production,by
R6445 T7289 T7292 arg1Of Production,In
R6446 T7291 T7290 arg2Of Monocytes,by
R6447 T7293 T7292 arg2Of Vitro,In
R6448 T7295 T7294 arg2Of order,In
R6449 T7297 T7294 arg3Of study,In
R6450 T7297 T7296 arg1Of study,to
R6451 T7299 T7297 arg2Of capacity,study
R6452 T7299 T7298 arg1Of capacity,the
R6453 T7299 T7300 arg1Of capacity,of
R6454 T7299 T7302 modOf capacity,to
R6455 T7301 T7300 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6456 T7303 T7302 arg1Of stimulate,to
R6457 T7305 T7303 arg2Of production,stimulate
R6458 T7305 T7304 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6459 T7309 T7297 arg1Of monocytes,study
R6460 T7309 T7307 arg1Of monocytes,peripheral
R6461 T7309 T7308 arg1Of monocytes,blood
R6462 T7309 T7310 arg1Of monocytes,were
R6463 T7309 T7311 arg2Of monocytes,cultivated
R6464 T7311 T7294 arg1Of cultivated,In
R6465 T7311 T7306 arg1Of cultivated,","
R6466 T7311 T7310 arg2Of cultivated,were
R6467 T7311 T7312 arg1Of cultivated,in
R6468 T7312 T7313 arg1Of in,the
R6469 T7312 T7315 arg1Of in,of
R6470 T7314 T7312 arg2Of presence,in
R6471 T7316 T7312 arg3Of dCGN,in
R6472 T7316 T7317 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6473 T7318 T7319 arg1Of 0.1,to
R6474 T7320 T7319 arg2Of 1,to
R6475 T7321 T7317 arg2Of mg/ml,(
R6476 T7321 T7318 arg1Of mg/ml,0.1
R6477 T7322 T7317 arg3Of ),(
R6478 T7324 T7323 arg1Of low,Very
R6479 T7325 T7324 arg1Of levels,low
R6480 T7325 T7326 arg1Of levels,of
R6481 T7325 T7328 arg1Of levels,were
R6482 T7325 T7329 arg2Of levels,induced
R6483 T7327 T7326 arg2Of TNF-α,of
R6484 T7329 T7328 arg2Of induced,were
R6485 T7329 T7330 arg1Of induced,in
R6486 T7329 T7332 arg1Of induced,after
R6487 T7331 T7330 arg2Of PBM,in
R6488 T7333 T7332 arg2Of stimulation,after
R6489 T7333 T7334 arg1Of stimulation,with
R6490 T7336 T7334 arg2Of CGN,with
R6491 T7336 T7335 arg1Of CGN,native
R6492 T7336 T7337 arg1Of CGN,(
R6493 T7339 T7337 arg2Of 2A,(
R6494 T7339 T7338 arg1Of 2A,Fig.
R6495 T7340 T7337 arg3Of ),(
R6496 T7341 T7342 arg1Of Addition,of
R6497 T7341 T7348 arg1Of Addition,resulted
R6498 T7347 T7342 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6499 T7347 T7343 arg1Of dCGN,0.1
R6500 T7347 T7344 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R6501 T7347 T7345 arg1Of dCGN,10
R6502 T7347 T7346 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R6503 T7348 T7349 arg1Of resulted,in
R6504 T7353 T7349 arg2Of increase,in
R6505 T7353 T7350 arg1Of increase,approximately
R6506 T7353 T7351 arg1Of increase,a
R6507 T7353 T7352 arg1Of increase,60-fold
R6508 T7353 T7354 arg1Of increase,in
R6509 T7353 T7357 arg1Of increase,by
R6510 T7356 T7354 arg2Of production,in
R6511 T7356 T7355 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6512 T7358 T7357 arg2Of PBM,by
R6513 T7359 T7360 arg1Of This,was
R6514 T7363 T7360 arg2Of effect,was
R6515 T7363 T7361 arg1Of effect,a
R6516 T7363 T7362 arg1Of effect,dose-dependent
R6517 T7363 T7364 arg1Of effect,that
R6518 T7363 T7365 arg1Of effect,reached
R6519 T7365 T7369 arg1Of reached,when
R6520 T7368 T7365 arg2Of increase,reached
R6521 T7368 T7366 arg1Of increase,a
R6522 T7368 T7367 arg1Of increase,180-fold
R6523 T7370 T7371 arg1Of cells,were
R6524 T7370 T7372 arg2Of cells,exposed
R6525 T7372 T7369 arg2Of exposed,when
R6526 T7372 T7371 arg2Of exposed,were
R6527 T7372 T7373 arg1Of exposed,to
R6528 T7375 T7373 arg2Of mg/ml,to
R6529 T7375 T7374 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R6530 T7375 T7376 arg1Of mg/ml,of
R6531 T7379 T7376 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6532 T7379 T7377 arg1Of dCGN,10
R6533 T7379 T7378 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R6534 T7379 T7380 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6535 T7382 T7380 arg2Of 2A,(
R6536 T7382 T7381 arg1Of 2A,Fig.
R6537 T7383 T7380 arg3Of ),(
R6538 T7386 T7384 arg1Of increase,A
R6539 T7386 T7385 arg1Of increase,250-fold
R6540 T7386 T7387 arg1Of increase,in
R6541 T7386 T7390 arg1Of increase,was
R6542 T7386 T7391 arg2Of increase,detected
R6543 T7389 T7387 arg2Of production,in
R6544 T7389 T7388 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6545 T7391 T7390 arg2Of detected,was
R6546 T7391 T7392 arg1Of detected,at
R6547 T7397 T7392 arg2Of dCGN,at
R6548 T7397 T7393 arg1Of dCGN,1
R6549 T7397 T7394 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R6550 T7397 T7395 arg1Of dCGN,40
R6551 T7397 T7396 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R6552 T7397 T7398 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6553 T7400 T7398 arg2Of 2A,(
R6554 T7400 T7399 arg1Of 2A,Fig.
R6555 T7401 T7398 arg3Of ),(
R6556 T7403 T7402 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6557 T7403 T7404 arg1Of production,increased
R6558 T7404 T7405 arg1Of increased,in
R6559 T7406 T7405 arg2Of time,in
R6560 T7407 T7404 arg2Of reaching,increased
R6561 T7407 T7411 arg1Of reaching,at
R6562 T7410 T7407 arg2Of level,reaching
R6563 T7410 T7408 arg1Of level,a
R6564 T7410 T7409 arg1Of level,maximum
R6565 T7413 T7411 arg2Of hours,at
R6566 T7413 T7412 arg1Of hours,8
R6567 T7413 T7414 arg1Of hours,of
R6568 T7415 T7414 arg2Of culture,of
R6569 T7415 T7416 arg1Of culture,(
R6570 T7418 T7416 arg2Of 2B,(
R6571 T7418 T7417 arg1Of 2B,Figure
R6572 T7419 T7416 arg3Of ),(
R6573 T7422 T7420 arg2Of h,After
R6574 T7422 T7421 arg1Of h,24
R6575 T7425 T7424 arg1Of amount,the
R6576 T7425 T7426 arg1Of amount,of
R6577 T7425 T7429 arg1Of amount,was
R6578 T7428 T7426 arg2Of TNF-α,of
R6579 T7428 T7427 arg2Of TNF-α,secreted
R6580 T7429 T7420 arg1Of was,After
R6581 T7429 T7423 arg1Of was,","
R6582 T7431 T7430 arg1Of one,still
R6583 T7432 T7429 arg2Of third,was
R6584 T7432 T7431 arg1Of third,one
R6585 T7432 T7433 arg1Of third,of
R6586 T7436 T7433 arg2Of TNF-α,of
R6587 T7436 T7434 arg1Of TNF-α,the
R6588 T7436 T7435 arg1Of TNF-α,total
R6589 T7437 T7438 arg1Of Lipopolysaccharide,(
R6590 T7437 T7441 arg1Of Lipopolysaccharide,","
R6591 T7437 T7449 arg1Of Lipopolysaccharide,induced
R6592 T7439 T7438 arg2Of LPS,(
R6593 T7440 T7438 arg3Of ),(
R6594 T7444 T7441 arg2Of activator,","
R6595 T7444 T7442 arg1Of activator,a
R6596 T7444 T7443 arg1Of activator,known
R6597 T7444 T7445 arg1Of activator,of
R6598 T7447 T7445 arg2Of cells,of
R6599 T7447 T7446 arg1Of cells,immune
R6600 T7449 T7448 arg1Of induced,also
R6601 T7449 T7455 arg1Of induced,as
R6602 T7451 T7449 arg2Of production,induced
R6603 T7451 T7450 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6604 T7451 T7452 arg1Of production,with
R6605 T7454 T7452 arg2Of kinetics,with
R6606 T7454 T7453 arg1Of kinetics,similar
R6607 T7456 T7455 arg2Of dCGN,as
R6608 T7456 T7457 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6609 T7459 T7457 arg2Of 2B,(
R6610 T7459 T7458 arg1Of 2B,Fig.
R6611 T7460 T7457 arg3Of ),(
R6612 T7464 T7463 arg1Of amount,the
R6613 T7464 T7465 arg1Of amount,of
R6614 T7464 T7470 arg1Of amount,was
R6615 T7464 T7472 arg1Of amount,less
R6616 T7466 T7465 arg2Of TNF-α,of
R6617 T7466 T7467 arg2Of TNF-α,produced
R6618 T7469 T7467 arg1Of LPS,produced
R6619 T7469 T7468 arg2Of LPS,by
R6620 T7470 T7479 arg1Of was,and
R6621 T7472 T7470 arg2Of less,was
R6622 T7472 T7471 arg1Of less,4-fold
R6623 T7472 T7473 arg1Of less,than
R6624 T7475 T7473 arg2Of one,than
R6625 T7475 T7474 arg1Of one,the
R6626 T7475 T7476 arg2Of one,produced
R6627 T7478 T7476 arg1Of dCGN,produced
R6628 T7478 T7477 arg2Of dCGN,by
R6629 T7479 T7461 arg1Of and,However
R6630 T7479 T7462 arg1Of and,","
R6631 T7480 T7481 arg1Of it,was
R6632 T7480 T7483 arg2Of it,detected
R6633 T7483 T7479 arg2Of detected,and
R6634 T7483 T7481 arg2Of detected,was
R6635 T7483 T7482 arg1Of detected,not
R6636 T7483 T7484 arg1Of detected,after
R6637 T7486 T7484 arg2Of hours,after
R6638 T7486 T7485 arg1Of hours,8
R6639 T7486 T7487 arg1Of hours,of
R6640 T7488 T7487 arg2Of culture,of
R6641 T7488 T7489 arg1Of culture,(
R6642 T7491 T7489 arg2Of 2B,(
R6643 T7491 T7490 arg1Of 2B,Fig.
R6644 T7492 T7489 arg3Of ),(
R6645 T7497 T7495 arg1Of cells,monocytic
R6646 T7497 T7496 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R6647 T7497 T7498 arg2Of cells,cultivated
R6648 T7497 T7507 arg1Of cells,showed
R6649 T7498 T7499 arg1Of cultivated,in
R6650 T7501 T7499 arg2Of presence,in
R6651 T7501 T7500 arg1Of presence,the
R6652 T7501 T7502 arg1Of presence,of
R6653 T7504 T7502 arg2Of concentration,of
R6654 T7504 T7503 arg1Of concentration,variable
R6655 T7504 T7505 arg1Of concentration,of
R6656 T7506 T7505 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6657 T7507 T7493 arg1Of showed,Similarly
R6658 T7507 T7494 arg1Of showed,","
R6659 T7509 T7507 arg2Of increase,showed
R6660 T7509 T7508 arg1Of increase,an
R6661 T7509 T7510 arg1Of increase,in
R6662 T7512 T7510 arg2Of production,in
R6663 T7512 T7511 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6664 T7512 T7513 arg1Of production,(
R6665 T7515 T7513 arg2Of 2C,(
R6666 T7515 T7514 arg1Of 2C,Fig.
R6667 T7516 T7513 arg3Of ),(
R6668 T7518 T7517 arg1Of increase,This
R6669 T7518 T7519 arg1Of increase,in
R6670 T7518 T7522 arg1Of increase,was
R6671 T7518 T7524 arg1Of increase,smaller
R6672 T7521 T7519 arg2Of production,in
R6673 T7521 T7520 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6674 T7522 T7525 arg1Of was,(
R6675 T7522 T7529 arg1Of was,than
R6676 T7524 T7522 arg2Of smaller,was
R6677 T7524 T7523 arg1Of smaller,significantly
R6678 T7527 T7525 arg2Of 10-fold,(
R6679 T7527 T7526 arg1Of 10-fold,about
R6680 T7528 T7525 arg3Of ),(
R6681 T7531 T7529 arg2Of one,than
R6682 T7531 T7530 arg1Of one,the
R6683 T7531 T7532 arg2Of one,presented
R6684 T7534 T7532 arg1Of PBM,presented
R6685 T7534 T7533 arg2Of PBM,by
R6686 T7534 T7535 arg1Of PBM,(
R6687 T7537 T7535 arg2Of 2A,(
R6688 T7537 T7536 arg1Of 2A,Fig.
R6689 T7538 T7535 arg3Of ),(
R6690 T7540 T7539 arg1Of TNF-α,No
R6691 T7540 T7541 arg1Of TNF-α,was
R6692 T7540 T7542 arg2Of TNF-α,released
R6693 T7542 T7541 arg2Of released,was
R6694 T7542 T7543 arg1Of released,from
R6695 T7545 T7543 arg2Of cells,from
R6696 T7545 T7544 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R6697 T7545 T7546 arg2Of cells,exposed
R6698 T7546 T7547 arg1Of exposed,to
R6699 T7549 T7547 arg2Of CGN,to
R6700 T7549 T7548 arg1Of CGN,native
R6701 T7549 T7550 arg1Of CGN,(
R6702 T7552 T7550 arg2Of shown,(
R6703 T7552 T7551 arg1Of shown,not
R6704 T7553 T7550 arg3Of ),(
R6705 T7555 T7554 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R6706 T7555 T7556 arg1Of production,by
R6707 T7555 T7559 arg1Of production,was
R6708 T7555 T7562 arg1Of production,dependent
R6709 T7558 T7556 arg2Of cells,by
R6710 T7558 T7557 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R6711 T7559 T7560 arg1Of was,not
R6712 T7562 T7559 arg2Of dependent,was
R6713 T7562 T7561 arg1Of dependent,dose
R6714 T7562 T7563 arg1Of dependent,to
R6715 T7565 T7563 arg2Of amount,to
R6716 T7565 T7564 arg1Of amount,the
R6717 T7565 T7566 arg1Of amount,of
R6718 T7565 T7568 arg2Of amount,used
R6719 T7567 T7566 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6720 T7570 T7571 arg1Of there,was
R6721 T7571 T7569 arg1Of was,Also
R6722 T7573 T7571 arg2Of difference,was
R6723 T7573 T7572 arg1Of difference,no
R6724 T7573 T7574 arg1Of difference,between
R6725 T7577 T7574 arg2Of forms,between
R6726 T7577 T7575 arg1Of forms,the
R6727 T7577 T7576 arg1Of forms,two
R6728 T7577 T7578 arg1Of forms,(
R6729 T7577 T7584 arg1Of forms,of
R6730 T7579 T7580 arg1Of 10,and
R6731 T7581 T7580 arg2Of 40,and
R6732 T7582 T7578 arg2Of kDa,(
R6733 T7582 T7579 arg1Of kDa,10
R6734 T7582 T7581 arg1Of kDa,40
R6735 T7583 T7578 arg3Of ),(
R6736 T7585 T7584 arg2Of dCGN,of
R6737 T7585 T7586 arg1Of dCGN,(
R6738 T7588 T7586 arg2Of 2C,(
R6739 T7588 T7587 arg1Of 2C,Fig.
R6740 T7589 T7586 arg3Of ),(
R6741 T7593 T7592 arg1Of release,TNF-α
R6742 T7593 T7594 arg1Of release,from
R6743 T7593 T7600 arg1Of release,reached
R6744 T7596 T7594 arg2Of cells,from
R6745 T7596 T7595 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R6746 T7596 T7597 arg2Of cells,stimulated
R6747 T7597 T7598 arg1Of stimulated,with
R6748 T7599 T7598 arg2Of dCGN,with
R6749 T7600 T7590 arg1Of reached,Interestingly
R6750 T7600 T7591 arg1Of reached,","
R6751 T7600 T7604 arg1Of reached,at
R6752 T7600 T7607 arg1Of reached,","
R6753 T7600 T7608 arg1Of reached,while
R6754 T7603 T7600 arg2Of level,reached
R6755 T7603 T7601 arg1Of level,a
R6756 T7603 T7602 arg1Of level,maximum
R6757 T7606 T7604 arg2Of h,at
R6758 T7606 T7605 arg1Of h,32
R6759 T7609 T7610 arg1Of stimulation,with
R6760 T7609 T7612 arg1Of stimulation,reached
R6761 T7611 T7610 arg2Of LPS,with
R6762 T7612 T7608 arg2Of reached,while
R6763 T7612 T7616 arg1Of reached,at
R6764 T7615 T7612 arg2Of level,reached
R6765 T7615 T7613 arg1Of level,a
R6766 T7615 T7614 arg1Of level,maximum
R6767 T7618 T7616 arg2Of h,at
R6768 T7618 T7617 arg1Of h,56
R6769 T7618 T7619 arg1Of h,(
R6770 T7621 T7619 arg2Of 2D,(
R6771 T7621 T7620 arg1Of 2D,Fig.
R6772 T7622 T7619 arg3Of ),(
R7238 T8232 T8233 arg1Of Effect,of
R7239 T8232 T8238 arg1Of Effect,on
R7240 T8234 T8235 arg1Of Native,and
R7241 T8236 T8235 arg2Of Degraded,and
R7242 T8237 T8233 arg2Of CGN,of
R7243 T8237 T8234 arg1Of CGN,Native
R7244 T8237 T8236 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R7245 T8240 T8239 arg1Of Proliferation,THP-1
R7246 T8240 T8241 arg1Of Proliferation,and
R7247 T8241 T8238 arg2Of and,on
R7248 T8243 T8241 arg2Of Cycle,and
R7249 T8243 T8242 arg1Of Cycle,Cell
R7250 T8245 T8244 arg1Of observations,Preliminary
R7251 T8245 T8246 arg1Of observations,by
R7252 T8245 T8273 arg1Of observations,showed
R7253 T8247 T8246 arg2Of enumeration,by
R7254 T8247 T8248 arg1Of enumeration,of
R7255 T8247 T8251 arg2Of enumeration,exposed
R7256 T8250 T8248 arg2Of cells,of
R7257 T8250 T8249 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R7258 T8251 T8252 arg1Of exposed,to
R7259 T8254 T8252 arg2Of concentrations,to
R7260 T8254 T8253 arg1Of concentrations,different
R7261 T8254 T8255 arg1Of concentrations,of
R7262 T8258 T8255 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7263 T8258 T8256 arg1Of dCGN,native
R7264 T8258 T8257 arg1Of dCGN,and
R7265 T8258 T8259 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7266 T8258 T8265 arg1Of dCGN,during
R7267 T8260 T8261 arg1Of 10,and
R7268 T8262 T8261 arg2Of 40,and
R7269 T8263 T8259 arg2Of kDa,(
R7270 T8263 T8260 arg1Of kDa,10
R7271 T8263 T8262 arg1Of kDa,40
R7272 T8264 T8259 arg3Of ),(
R7273 T8266 T8267 arg1Of 2,","
R7274 T8267 T8269 arg1Of ",",and
R7275 T8268 T8267 arg2Of 5,","
R7276 T8270 T8269 arg2Of 7,and
R7277 T8271 T8265 arg2Of days,during
R7278 T8271 T8266 arg1Of days,2
R7279 T8271 T8268 arg1Of days,5
R7280 T8271 T8270 arg1Of days,7
R7281 T8273 T8272 arg1Of showed,","
R7282 T8275 T8273 arg2Of decline,showed
R7283 T8275 T8274 arg1Of decline,a
R7284 T8275 T8276 arg1Of decline,in
R7285 T8278 T8276 arg2Of number,in
R7286 T8278 T8277 arg1Of number,cell
R7287 T8278 T8279 arg1Of number,(
R7288 T8280 T8279 arg2Of data,(
R7289 T8280 T8282 arg2Of data,shown
R7290 T8282 T8281 arg1Of shown,not
R7291 T8283 T8279 arg3Of ),(
R7292 T8284 T8285 arg1Of This,suggested
R7293 T8287 T8288 arg1Of dCGN,might
R7294 T8287 T8289 arg1Of dCGN,cause
R7295 T8289 T8285 arg2Of cause,suggested
R7296 T8289 T8286 arg1Of cause,that
R7297 T8289 T8288 arg2Of cause,might
R7298 T8291 T8289 arg2Of alteration,cause
R7299 T8291 T8290 arg1Of alteration,an
R7300 T8291 T8292 arg1Of alteration,in
R7301 T8295 T8292 arg2Of cycle,in
R7302 T8295 T8293 arg1Of cycle,the
R7303 T8295 T8294 arg1Of cycle,cell
R7304 T8298 T8296 arg1Of analysis,Cell
R7305 T8298 T8297 arg1Of analysis,cycle
R7306 T8298 T8299 arg1Of analysis,using
R7307 T8298 T8302 arg1Of analysis,showed
R7308 T8301 T8299 arg2Of cytometry,using
R7309 T8301 T8300 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R7310 T8304 T8302 arg2Of accumulation,showed
R7311 T8304 T8303 arg1Of accumulation,an
R7312 T8304 T8305 arg1Of accumulation,of
R7313 T8304 T8308 arg1Of accumulation,in
R7314 T8304 T8311 arg1Of accumulation,","
R7315 T8304 T8312 arg1Of accumulation,which
R7316 T8304 T8313 arg1Of accumulation,was
R7317 T8304 T8314 arg2Of accumulation,associated
R7318 T8307 T8305 arg2Of cells,of
R7319 T8307 T8306 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R7320 T8310 T8308 arg2Of phase,in
R7321 T8310 T8309 arg1Of phase,G0/G1
R7322 T8314 T8313 arg2Of associated,was
R7323 T8314 T8315 arg1Of associated,with
R7324 T8318 T8315 arg2Of number,with
R7325 T8318 T8316 arg1Of number,a
R7326 T8318 T8317 arg1Of number,decrease
R7327 T8318 T8319 arg1Of number,of
R7328 T8318 T8321 arg1Of number,in
R7329 T8320 T8319 arg2Of cells,of
R7330 T8324 T8321 arg2Of phase,in
R7331 T8324 T8322 arg1Of phase,the
R7332 T8324 T8323 arg1Of phase,S
R7333 T8324 T8325 arg1Of phase,(
R7334 T8327 T8325 arg2Of 3A,(
R7335 T8327 T8326 arg1Of 3A,Fig.
R7336 T8328 T8325 arg3Of ),(
R7337 T8330 T8329 arg1Of percentage,The
R7338 T8330 T8331 arg1Of percentage,of
R7339 T8330 T8333 arg1Of percentage,in
R7340 T8330 T8337 arg1Of percentage,was
R7341 T8332 T8331 arg2Of cells,of
R7342 T8336 T8333 arg2Of phase,in
R7343 T8336 T8334 arg1Of phase,the
R7344 T8336 T8335 arg1Of phase,G0/G1
R7345 T8339 T8338 arg1Of %,45.2
R7346 T8339 T8340 arg1Of %,for
R7347 T8339 T8343 arg1Of %,","
R7348 T8342 T8340 arg2Of cells,for
R7349 T8342 T8341 arg1Of cells,control
R7350 T8343 T8349 arg1Of ",",(
R7351 T8343 T8355 arg1Of ",",and
R7352 T8345 T8343 arg2Of %,","
R7353 T8345 T8344 arg1Of %,62.6
R7354 T8345 T8346 arg1Of %,for
R7355 T8348 T8346 arg2Of dCGN,for
R7356 T8348 T8347 arg1Of dCGN,C10
R7357 T8350 T8349 arg2Of at,(
R7358 T8352 T8350 arg2Of mg/ml,at
R7359 T8352 T8351 arg1Of mg/ml,2
R7360 T8353 T8349 arg3Of ),(
R7361 T8355 T8337 arg2Of and,was
R7362 T8355 T8354 arg1Of and,","
R7363 T8355 T8367 arg1Of and,(
R7364 T8357 T8355 arg2Of %,and
R7365 T8357 T8356 arg1Of %,64.2
R7366 T8357 T8358 arg1Of %,for
R7367 T8361 T8358 arg2Of cells,for
R7368 T8361 T8359 arg1Of cells,C40
R7369 T8361 T8360 arg1Of cells,dCGN-treated
R7370 T8361 T8362 arg1Of cells,(
R7371 T8363 T8362 arg2Of at,(
R7372 T8365 T8363 arg2Of mg/ml,at
R7373 T8365 T8364 arg1Of mg/ml,2
R7374 T8366 T8362 arg3Of ),(
R7375 T8369 T8367 arg2Of 3B,(
R7376 T8369 T8368 arg1Of 3B,Fig.
R7377 T8370 T8367 arg3Of ),(
R7378 T8372 T8371 arg1Of effect,The
R7379 T8372 T8373 arg1Of effect,of
R7380 T8372 T8375 arg1Of effect,on
R7381 T8372 T8378 arg1Of effect,was
R7382 T8372 T8379 arg1Of effect,dose-dependent
R7383 T8374 T8373 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7384 T8377 T8375 arg2Of cycle,on
R7385 T8377 T8376 arg1Of cycle,cell
R7386 T8379 T8378 arg2Of dose-dependent,was
R7387 T8379 T8380 arg1Of dose-dependent,(
R7388 T8382 T8380 arg2Of 3B,(
R7389 T8382 T8381 arg1Of 3B,Fig.
R7390 T8383 T8380 arg3Of ),(
R7391 T8387 T8384 arg1Of dCGN,Neither
R7392 T8387 T8385 arg1Of dCGN,native
R7393 T8387 T8386 arg1Of dCGN,nor
R7394 T8387 T8388 arg1Of dCGN,had
R7395 T8390 T8388 arg2Of effect,had
R7396 T8390 T8389 arg1Of effect,an
R7397 T8390 T8391 arg1Of effect,on
R7398 T8393 T8391 arg2Of number,on
R7399 T8393 T8392 arg1Of number,the
R7400 T8393 T8394 arg1Of number,of
R7401 T8393 T8396 arg1Of number,in
R7402 T8395 T8394 arg2Of cells,of
R7403 T8399 T8396 arg2Of phase,in
R7404 T8399 T8397 arg1Of phase,the
R7405 T8399 T8398 arg1Of phase,G2/M
R7406 T8399 T8400 arg1Of phase,(
R7407 T8401 T8400 arg2Of Fig.,(
R7408 T8401 T8402 arg1Of Fig.,3
R7409 T8403 T8400 arg3Of ),(
R7410 T8405 T8404 arg1Of effect,This
R7411 T8405 T8406 arg1Of effect,is
R7412 T8405 T8408 arg1Of effect,due
R7413 T8406 T8407 arg1Of is,not
R7414 T8406 T8418 arg1Of is,(
R7415 T8406 T8423 arg1Of is,since
R7416 T8408 T8406 arg2Of due,is
R7417 T8408 T8409 arg1Of due,to
R7418 T8408 T8414 arg1Of due,at
R7419 T8410 T8409 arg2Of cytotoxicity,to
R7420 T8410 T8411 arg1Of cytotoxicity,of
R7421 T8412 T8411 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7422 T8414 T8413 arg1Of at,even
R7423 T8417 T8414 arg2Of concentration,at
R7424 T8417 T8415 arg1Of concentration,the
R7425 T8417 T8416 arg1Of concentration,highest
R7426 T8419 T8418 arg2Of i.e.,(
R7427 T8421 T8419 arg2Of mg/ml,i.e.
R7428 T8421 T8420 arg1Of mg/ml,2
R7429 T8422 T8418 arg3Of ),(
R7430 T8425 T8424 arg1Of viability,cell
R7431 T8425 T8426 arg1Of viability,was
R7432 T8425 T8428 arg2Of viability,affected
R7433 T8428 T8423 arg2Of affected,since
R7434 T8428 T8426 arg2Of affected,was
R7435 T8428 T8427 arg1Of affected,not
R7436 T8428 T8429 arg1Of affected,(
R7437 T8430 T8429 arg2Of data,(
R7438 T8430 T8432 arg2Of data,shown
R7439 T8432 T8431 arg1Of shown,not
R7440 T8433 T8429 arg3Of ),(
R7685 T8762 T8761 arg1Of Expression,ICAM-1
R7686 T8762 T8763 arg1Of Expression,Is
R7687 T8762 T8764 arg2Of Expression,Induced
R7688 T8762 T8769 arg1Of Expression,Is
R7689 T8762 T8770 arg1Of Expression,Responsible
R7690 T8764 T8763 arg2Of Induced,Is
R7691 T8764 T8768 arg1Of Induced,and
R7692 T8767 T8764 arg1Of CGN,Induced
R7693 T8767 T8765 arg2Of CGN,by
R7694 T8767 T8766 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R7695 T8769 T8768 arg2Of Is,and
R7696 T8770 T8769 arg2Of Responsible,Is
R7697 T8770 T8771 arg1Of Responsible,for
R7698 T8773 T8771 arg2Of Aggregation,for
R7699 T8773 T8772 arg1Of Aggregation,Monocytes
R7700 T8773 T8774 arg1Of Aggregation,In
R7701 T8775 T8774 arg2Of Vitro,In
R7702 T8777 T8776 arg2Of order,In
R7703 T8779 T8776 arg3Of study,In
R7704 T8779 T8778 arg1Of study,to
R7705 T8781 T8779 arg2Of effect,study
R7706 T8781 T8780 arg1Of effect,the
R7707 T8781 T8782 arg1Of effect,of
R7708 T8781 T8784 arg1Of effect,on
R7709 T8783 T8782 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7710 T8786 T8784 arg2Of expression,on
R7711 T8786 T8785 arg1Of expression,the
R7712 T8786 T8787 arg1Of expression,of
R7713 T8790 T8787 arg2Of antigens,of
R7714 T8790 T8788 arg1Of antigens,cell
R7715 T8790 T8789 arg1Of antigens,surface
R7716 T8792 T8793 arg1Of PBM,and
R7717 T8793 T8779 arg1Of and,study
R7718 T8793 T8796 arg1Of and,were
R7719 T8793 T8797 arg2Of and,incubated
R7720 T8795 T8793 arg2Of cells,and
R7721 T8795 T8794 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R7722 T8797 T8776 arg1Of incubated,In
R7723 T8797 T8791 arg1Of incubated,","
R7724 T8797 T8796 arg2Of incubated,were
R7725 T8797 T8798 arg1Of incubated,for
R7726 T8797 T8801 arg1Of incubated,in
R7727 T8800 T8798 arg2Of h,for
R7728 T8800 T8799 arg1Of h,36
R7729 T8803 T8804 arg1Of presence,and
R7730 T8804 T8801 arg2Of and,in
R7731 T8804 T8802 arg1Of and,the
R7732 T8804 T8806 arg1Of and,of
R7733 T8805 T8804 arg2Of absence,and
R7734 T8807 T8806 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7735 T8809 T8808 arg1Of expression,The
R7736 T8809 T8810 arg1Of expression,of
R7737 T8809 T8815 arg1Of expression,was
R7738 T8809 T8816 arg2Of expression,analyzed
R7739 T8814 T8810 arg2Of molecules,of
R7740 T8814 T8811 arg1Of molecules,various
R7741 T8814 T8812 arg1Of molecules,cell
R7742 T8814 T8813 arg1Of molecules,surface
R7743 T8816 T8815 arg2Of analyzed,was
R7744 T8816 T8820 arg1Of analyzed,as
R7745 T8819 T8816 arg1Of cytometry,analyzed
R7746 T8819 T8817 arg2Of cytometry,by
R7747 T8819 T8818 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R7748 T8821 T8820 arg2Of described,as
R7749 T8821 T8822 arg1Of described,in
R7750 T8823 T8824 arg1Of materials,and
R7751 T8824 T8822 arg2Of and,in
R7752 T8825 T8824 arg2Of methods,and
R7753 T8827 T8826 arg1Of forms,Both
R7754 T8827 T8828 arg1Of forms,of
R7755 T8827 T8831 arg1Of forms,stimulated
R7756 T8829 T8828 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7757 T8831 T8830 arg1Of stimulated,clearly
R7758 T8832 T8831 arg2Of expression,stimulated
R7759 T8832 T8833 arg1Of expression,of
R7760 T8832 T8838 arg1Of expression,on
R7761 T8834 T8833 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R7762 T8834 T8835 arg1Of ICAM-1,(
R7763 T8836 T8835 arg2Of CD54,(
R7764 T8837 T8835 arg3Of ),(
R7765 T8839 T8840 arg1Of PBM,and
R7766 T8840 T8838 arg2Of and,on
R7767 T8842 T8840 arg2Of cells,and
R7768 T8842 T8841 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R7769 T8842 T8843 arg1Of cells,(
R7770 T8845 T8843 arg2Of 4A,(
R7771 T8845 T8844 arg1Of 4A,Fig.
R7772 T8846 T8843 arg3Of ),(
R7773 T8848 T8847 arg1Of increase,The
R7774 T8848 T8849 arg1Of increase,in
R7775 T8848 T8852 arg1Of increase,was
R7776 T8848 T8853 arg1Of increase,higher
R7777 T8851 T8849 arg2Of expression,in
R7778 T8851 T8850 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R7779 T8853 T8852 arg2Of higher,was
R7780 T8853 T8854 arg1Of higher,on
R7781 T8856 T8854 arg2Of cells,on
R7782 T8856 T8855 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R7783 T8856 T8857 arg2Of cells,treated
R7784 T8857 T8858 arg1Of treated,with
R7785 T8861 T8858 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7786 T8861 T8859 arg1Of dCGN,40
R7787 T8861 T8860 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R7788 T8861 T8862 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7789 T8864 T8862 arg2Of 4B,(
R7790 T8864 T8863 arg1Of 4B,Fig.
R7791 T8865 T8862 arg3Of ),(
R7792 T8868 T8866 arg1Of antigen,Another
R7793 T8868 T8867 arg1Of antigen,surface
R7794 T8868 T8869 arg1Of antigen,","
R7795 T8868 T8878 arg1Of antigen,was
R7796 T8868 T8880 arg2Of antigen,reduced
R7797 T8873 T8869 arg2Of antigen,","
R7798 T8873 T8870 arg1Of antigen,the
R7799 T8873 T8871 arg1Of antigen,lymphocyte
R7800 T8873 T8872 arg1Of antigen,function-associated
R7801 T8873 T8874 arg1Of antigen,3
R7802 T8873 T8875 arg1Of antigen,(
R7803 T8876 T8875 arg2Of CD58,(
R7804 T8877 T8875 arg3Of ),(
R7805 T8880 T8878 arg2Of reduced,was
R7806 T8880 T8879 arg1Of reduced,slightly
R7807 T8880 T8881 arg1Of reduced,on
R7808 T8880 T8883 arg1Of reduced,after
R7809 T8882 T8881 arg2Of PBM,on
R7810 T8884 T8883 arg2Of treatment,after
R7811 T8884 T8885 arg1Of treatment,with
R7812 T8888 T8885 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7813 T8888 T8886 arg1Of dCGN,40
R7814 T8888 T8887 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R7815 T8888 T8889 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7816 T8891 T8889 arg2Of 4B,(
R7817 T8891 T8890 arg1Of 4B,Fig.
R7818 T8892 T8889 arg3Of ),(
R7819 T8895 T8896 arg1Of expression,of
R7820 T8895 T8908 arg1Of expression,of
R7821 T8895 T8923 arg1Of expression,seemed
R7822 T8895 T8925 arg1Of expression,be
R7823 T8895 T8926 arg2Of expression,reduced
R7824 T8896 T8907 arg1Of of,and
R7825 T8900 T8896 arg2Of molecules,of
R7826 T8900 T8897 arg1Of molecules,major
R7827 T8900 T8898 arg1Of molecules,histocompatibility
R7828 T8900 T8899 arg1Of molecules,complex
R7829 T8900 T8901 arg1Of molecules,of
R7830 T8902 T8901 arg2Of class,of
R7831 T8902 T8903 arg1Of class,I
R7832 T8902 T8904 arg1Of class,(
R7833 T8905 T8904 arg2Of HLA-ABC,(
R7834 T8906 T8904 arg3Of ),(
R7835 T8908 T8907 arg2Of of,and
R7836 T8909 T8910 arg1Of class,II
R7837 T8909 T8911 arg1Of class,(
R7838 T8909 T8917 arg1Of class,as
R7839 T8912 T8911 arg2Of HLA-DR,(
R7840 T8913 T8911 arg3Of ),(
R7841 T8917 T8908 arg2Of as,of
R7842 T8917 T8914 arg1Of as,","
R7843 T8917 T8915 arg1Of as,as
R7844 T8917 T8916 arg1Of as,well
R7845 T8921 T8917 arg2Of CD14,as
R7846 T8921 T8918 arg1Of CD14,the
R7847 T8921 T8919 arg1Of CD14,monocyte
R7848 T8921 T8920 arg1Of CD14,marker
R7849 T8923 T8893 arg1Of seemed,Interestingly
R7850 T8923 T8894 arg1Of seemed,","
R7851 T8923 T8922 arg1Of seemed,","
R7852 T8926 T8923 arg2Of reduced,seemed
R7853 T8926 T8924 arg1Of reduced,to
R7854 T8926 T8925 arg2Of reduced,be
R7855 T8926 T8927 arg1Of reduced,by
R7856 T8928 T8927 arg2Of treatment,by
R7857 T8928 T8929 arg1Of treatment,with
R7858 T8930 T8929 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7859 T8930 T8931 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7860 T8933 T8931 arg2Of 4B,(
R7861 T8933 T8932 arg1Of 4B,Fig.
R7862 T8934 T8931 arg3Of ),(
R7863 T8938 T8937 arg1Of differences,these
R7864 T8938 T8939 arg1Of differences,were
R7865 T8938 T8942 arg1Of differences,significant
R7866 T8939 T8935 arg1Of were,However
R7867 T8939 T8936 arg1Of were,","
R7868 T8939 T8940 arg1Of were,not
R7869 T8939 T8941 arg1Of were,statistically
R7870 T8942 T8939 arg2Of significant,were
R7871 T8943 T8944 arg1Of Treatment,with
R7872 T8943 T8947 arg1Of Treatment,induced
R7873 T8945 T8944 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7874 T8947 T8946 arg1Of induced,also
R7875 T8950 T8947 arg2Of aggregation,induced
R7876 T8950 T8948 arg1Of aggregation,a
R7877 T8950 T8949 arg1Of aggregation,strong
R7878 T8950 T8951 arg1Of aggregation,of
R7879 T8950 T8953 arg1Of aggregation,","
R7880 T8950 T8954 arg2Of aggregation,detected
R7881 T8952 T8951 arg2Of monocytes,of
R7882 T8959 T8954 arg1Of microscopy,detected
R7883 T8959 T8955 arg2Of microscopy,by
R7884 T8959 T8956 arg1Of microscopy,phase
R7885 T8959 T8957 arg1Of microscopy,contrast
R7886 T8959 T8958 arg1Of microscopy,inverse
R7887 T8959 T8960 arg1Of microscopy,(
R7888 T8961 T8960 arg2Of Fig.,(
R7889 T8961 T8962 arg1Of Fig.,5
R7890 T8963 T8960 arg3Of ),(
R7891 T8966 T8965 arg1Of effect,this
R7892 T8966 T8967 arg1Of effect,was
R7893 T8966 T8969 arg2Of effect,observed
R7894 T8969 T8964 arg2Of observed,Although
R7895 T8969 T8967 arg2Of observed,was
R7896 T8969 T8968 arg1Of observed,easily
R7897 T8969 T8970 arg1Of observed,in
R7898 T8971 T8970 arg2Of monocytes,in
R7899 T8971 T8972 arg2Of monocytes,incubated
R7900 T8972 T8973 arg1Of incubated,with
R7901 T8977 T8973 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7902 T8977 T8974 arg1Of dCGN,the
R7903 T8977 T8975 arg1Of dCGN,10
R7904 T8977 T8976 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R7905 T8977 T8978 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7906 T8980 T8978 arg2Of 5B,(
R7907 T8980 T8979 arg1Of 5B,Fig.
R7908 T8981 T8978 arg3Of ),(
R7909 T8985 T8984 arg1Of robust,more
R7910 T8987 T8983 arg1Of aggregation,a
R7911 T8987 T8985 arg1Of aggregation,robust
R7912 T8987 T8986 arg1Of aggregation,cell
R7913 T8987 T8988 arg1Of aggregation,was
R7914 T8987 T8989 arg2Of aggregation,observed
R7915 T8989 T8964 arg1Of observed,Although
R7916 T8989 T8982 arg1Of observed,","
R7917 T8989 T8988 arg2Of observed,was
R7918 T8989 T8990 arg1Of observed,in
R7919 T8991 T8990 arg2Of monocytes,in
R7920 T8991 T8992 arg2Of monocytes,incubated
R7921 T8992 T8993 arg1Of incubated,with
R7922 T8997 T8993 arg2Of dCGN,with
R7923 T8997 T8994 arg1Of dCGN,the
R7924 T8997 T8995 arg1Of dCGN,40
R7925 T8997 T8996 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R7926 T8997 T8998 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7927 T9000 T8998 arg2Of 5C,(
R7928 T9000 T8999 arg1Of 5C,Fig.
R7929 T9001 T8998 arg3Of ),(
R7930 T9002 T9003 arg1Of ICAM-1,has
R7931 T9002 T9004 arg1Of ICAM-1,been
R7932 T9002 T9005 arg2Of ICAM-1,proposed
R7933 T9002 T9007 arg1Of ICAM-1,be
R7934 T9005 T9003 arg2Of proposed,has
R7935 T9005 T9004 arg2Of proposed,been
R7936 T9007 T9005 arg3Of be,proposed
R7937 T9007 T9006 arg1Of be,to
R7938 T9011 T9007 arg2Of molecule,be
R7939 T9011 T9008 arg1Of molecule,the
R7940 T9011 T9009 arg1Of molecule,main
R7941 T9011 T9010 arg1Of molecule,adhesion
R7942 T9011 T9012 arg1Of molecule,responsible
R7943 T9012 T9013 arg1Of responsible,for
R7944 T9015 T9013 arg2Of aggregation,for
R7945 T9015 T9014 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R7946 T9017 T9016 arg1Of confirm,To
R7947 T9018 T9017 arg2Of this,confirm
R7948 T9020 T9017 arg1Of monocytes,confirm
R7949 T9020 T9021 arg1Of monocytes,were
R7950 T9020 T9022 arg2Of monocytes,incubated
R7951 T9022 T9016 modOf incubated,To
R7952 T9022 T9019 arg1Of incubated,","
R7953 T9022 T9021 arg2Of incubated,were
R7954 T9022 T9023 arg1Of incubated,with
R7955 T9025 T9023 arg2Of types,with
R7956 T9025 T9024 arg1Of types,both
R7957 T9025 T9026 arg1Of types,of
R7958 T9025 T9028 arg1Of types,in
R7959 T9027 T9026 arg2Of dCGN,of
R7960 T9030 T9028 arg2Of presence,in
R7961 T9030 T9029 arg1Of presence,the
R7962 T9030 T9031 arg1Of presence,of
R7963 T9034 T9031 arg2Of antibody,of
R7964 T9034 T9032 arg1Of antibody,an
R7965 T9034 T9033 arg1Of antibody,anti-ICAM-1
R7966 T9034 T9035 arg1Of antibody,","
R7967 T9038 T9036 arg1Of antibody,an
R7968 T9038 T9037 arg1Of antibody,anti-CD58
R7969 T9038 T9039 arg1Of antibody,and
R7970 T9039 T9035 arg2Of and,","
R7971 T9044 T9039 arg2Of antibody,and
R7972 T9044 T9040 arg1Of antibody,an
R7973 T9044 T9041 arg1Of antibody,isotype
R7974 T9044 T9042 arg1Of antibody,control
R7975 T9044 T9043 arg1Of antibody,IgG1
R7976 T9047 T9045 arg1Of antibody,The
R7977 T9047 T9046 arg1Of antibody,anti-ICAM-1
R7978 T9047 T9049 arg1Of antibody,blocked
R7979 T9049 T9048 arg1Of blocked,effectively
R7980 T9049 T9062 arg1Of blocked,","
R7981 T9049 T9064 modOf blocked,suggesting
R7982 T9052 T9049 arg2Of aggregates,blocked
R7983 T9052 T9050 arg1Of aggregates,the
R7984 T9052 T9051 arg1Of aggregates,cell
R7985 T9052 T9053 arg2Of aggregates,induced
R7986 T9055 T9053 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R7987 T9055 T9054 arg2Of dCGN,by
R7988 T9055 T9056 arg1Of dCGN,(
R7989 T9058 T9056 arg2Of 5D,(
R7990 T9058 T9057 arg1Of 5D,Fig.
R7991 T9058 T9059 arg1Of 5D,","
R7992 T9060 T9059 arg2Of 5E,","
R7993 T9061 T9056 arg3Of ),(
R7994 T9064 T9063 arg1Of suggesting,strongly
R7995 T9067 T9066 arg1Of ICAM-1,indeed
R7996 T9067 T9068 arg1Of ICAM-1,is
R7997 T9067 T9069 arg1Of ICAM-1,responsible
R7998 T9068 T9064 arg2Of is,suggesting
R7999 T9068 T9065 arg1Of is,that
R8000 T9069 T9068 arg2Of responsible,is
R8001 T9069 T9070 arg1Of responsible,for
R8002 T9072 T9070 arg2Of aggregation,for
R8003 T9072 T9071 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R8004 T9076 T9074 arg1Of IgG1,the
R8005 T9076 T9075 arg1Of IgG1,control
R8006 T9076 T9077 arg1Of IgG1,and
R8007 T9077 T9073 arg1Of and,Both
R8008 T9077 T9081 arg1Of and,did
R8009 T9077 T9083 arg1Of and,modify
R8010 T9080 T9077 arg2Of antibody,and
R8011 T9080 T9078 arg1Of antibody,the
R8012 T9080 T9079 arg1Of antibody,anti-CD58
R8013 T9083 T9081 arg2Of modify,did
R8014 T9083 T9082 arg1Of modify,not
R8015 T9085 T9083 arg2Of aggregation,modify
R8016 T9085 T9084 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R8017 T9085 T9086 arg1Of aggregation,(
R8018 T9087 T9086 arg2Of data,(
R8019 T9087 T9089 arg2Of data,shown
R8020 T9089 T9088 arg1Of shown,not
R8021 T9090 T9086 arg3Of ),(
R8446 T9636 T9635 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R8447 T9636 T9637 arg1Of CGN,Induce
R8448 T9639 T9637 arg2Of Increase,Induce
R8449 T9639 T9638 arg1Of Increase,an
R8450 T9639 T9640 arg1Of Increase,in
R8451 T9641 T9642 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R8452 T9642 T9640 arg2Of and,in
R8453 T9645 T9642 arg2Of Expression,and
R8454 T9645 T9643 arg1Of Expression,TNF-α
R8455 T9645 T9644 arg1Of Expression,mRNA
R8456 T9647 T9646 arg1Of increase,The
R8457 T9647 T9648 arg1Of increase,in
R8458 T9647 T9657 arg1Of increase,correlated
R8459 T9651 T9649 arg1Of expression,surface
R8460 T9651 T9650 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R8461 T9651 T9652 arg1Of expression,and
R8462 T9652 T9648 arg2Of and,in
R8463 T9652 T9655 arg1Of and,by
R8464 T9654 T9652 arg2Of production,and
R8465 T9654 T9653 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R8466 T9656 T9655 arg2Of monocytes,by
R8467 T9657 T9658 arg1Of correlated,with
R8468 T9660 T9658 arg2Of upregulation,with
R8469 T9660 T9659 arg1Of upregulation,an
R8470 T9660 T9661 arg1Of upregulation,of
R8471 T9662 T9661 arg2Of mRNA,of
R8472 T9662 T9663 arg1Of mRNA,for
R8473 T9665 T9663 arg2Of molecules,for
R8474 T9665 T9664 arg1Of molecules,these
R8475 T9668 T9669 arg1Of kDa,and
R8476 T9669 T9667 arg1Of and,10
R8477 T9670 T9669 arg2Of 40,and
R8478 T9672 T9666 arg1Of dCGN,Both
R8479 T9672 T9668 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R8480 T9672 T9670 arg1Of dCGN,40
R8481 T9672 T9671 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R8482 T9672 T9673 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R8483 T9676 T9673 arg2Of increase,induced
R8484 T9676 T9674 arg1Of increase,a
R8485 T9676 T9675 arg1Of increase,robust
R8486 T9676 T9677 arg1Of increase,in
R8487 T9676 T9679 arg1Of increase,for
R8488 T9678 T9677 arg2Of mRNA,in
R8489 T9681 T9682 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R8490 T9682 T9679 arg2Of and,for
R8491 T9682 T9680 arg1Of and,both
R8492 T9683 T9682 arg2Of TNF-α,and
R8493 T9685 T9684 arg2Of Fig.,(
R8494 T9685 T9686 arg1Of Fig.,6
R8495 T9687 T9684 arg3Of ),(
R8496 T9690 T9684 arg1Of RNA le,(
R8497 T9690 T9688 arg1Of RNA le,. β-act
R8498 T9690 T9689 arg1Of RNA le,in m
R8499 T9690 T9691 arg1Of RNA le,vels
R8500 T9690 T9693 arg2Of RNA le,e not af
R8501 T9693 T9673 arg3Of e not af,induced
R8502 T9693 T9691 arg2Of e not af,vels
R8503 T9693 T9692 arg1Of e not af,wer
R8504 T9696 T9693 arg1Of by dCGN t,e not af
R8505 T9696 T9694 arg2Of by dCGN t,fe
R8506 T9696 T9695 arg1Of by dCGN t,cted
R8690 T10084 T10081 arg1Of Degradation,CGN
R8691 T10084 T10082 arg1Of Degradation,Induce
R8692 T10084 T10083 arg1Of Degradation,IκB
R8693 T10084 T10085 arg1Of Degradation,and
R8694 T10086 T10085 arg2Of NF-κB,and
R8695 T10087 T10080 arg2Of Activation,Degraded
R8696 T10087 T10084 arg1Of Activation,Degradation
R8697 T10087 T10086 arg1Of Activation,NF-κB
R8698 T10089 T10088 arg1Of expression,The
R8699 T10089 T10090 arg1Of expression,of
R8700 T10089 T10097 arg1Of expression,is
R8701 T10089 T10098 arg2Of expression,controlled
R8702 T10091 T10090 arg2Of genes,of
R8703 T10091 T10092 arg1Of genes,encoding
R8704 T10092 T10093 arg1Of encoding,for
R8705 T10094 T10095 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R8706 T10095 T10093 arg2Of and,for
R8707 T10096 T10095 arg2Of TNF-α,and
R8708 T10098 T10097 arg2Of controlled,is
R8709 T10103 T10098 arg1Of NF-κB,controlled
R8710 T10103 T10099 arg2Of NF-κB,by
R8711 T10103 T10100 arg1Of NF-κB,the
R8712 T10103 T10101 arg1Of NF-κB,nuclear
R8713 T10103 T10102 arg1Of NF-κB,factor
R8714 T10105 T10104 arg1Of phosphorylation,Site-specific
R8715 T10105 T10106 arg1Of phosphorylation,of
R8716 T10105 T10110 arg1Of phosphorylation,leads
R8717 T10109 T10106 arg2Of IκB,of
R8718 T10109 T10107 arg1Of IκB,the
R8719 T10109 T10108 arg1Of IκB,inhibitor
R8720 T10110 T10111 arg1Of leads,to
R8721 T10110 T10117 arg1Of leads,to
R8722 T10111 T10116 arg1Of to,and
R8723 T10113 T10111 arg2Of degradation,to
R8724 T10113 T10112 arg1Of degradation,its
R8725 T10113 T10114 arg1Of degradation,by
R8726 T10115 T10114 arg2Of proteasome,by
R8727 T10117 T10116 arg2Of to,and
R8728 T10120 T10117 arg2Of activation,to
R8729 T10120 T10118 arg1Of activation,a
R8730 T10120 T10119 arg1Of activation,consequential
R8731 T10120 T10121 arg1Of activation,of
R8732 T10124 T10121 arg2Of pathway,of
R8733 T10124 T10122 arg1Of pathway,the
R8734 T10124 T10123 arg1Of pathway,NF-κB
R8735 T10128 T10125 arg2Of plasmid,Using
R8736 T10128 T10126 arg1Of plasmid,a
R8737 T10128 T10127 arg1Of plasmid,reporter
R8738 T10128 T10129 arg1Of plasmid,for
R8739 T10131 T10129 arg2Of activation,for
R8740 T10131 T10130 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R8741 T10133 T10125 arg1Of it,Using
R8742 T10133 T10134 arg1Of it,was
R8743 T10133 T10135 arg2Of it,confirmed
R8744 T10135 T10134 arg2Of confirmed,was
R8745 T10135 T10136 arg1Of confirmed,that
R8746 T10136 T10125 modOf that,Using
R8747 T10136 T10132 arg1Of that,","
R8748 T10136 T10145 arg1Of that,as
R8749 T10137 T10138 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R8750 T10138 T10136 arg2Of induced,that
R8751 T10138 T10144 arg1Of induced,","
R8752 T10141 T10138 arg2Of activation,induced
R8753 T10141 T10139 arg1Of activation,a
R8754 T10141 T10140 arg1Of activation,strong
R8755 T10141 T10142 arg1Of activation,of
R8756 T10143 T10142 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8757 T10146 T10145 arg2Of reflected,as
R8758 T10149 T10146 arg1Of increase,reflected
R8759 T10149 T10147 arg2Of increase,by
R8760 T10149 T10148 arg1Of increase,an
R8761 T10149 T10150 arg1Of increase,in
R8762 T10152 T10150 arg2Of activity,in
R8763 T10152 T10151 arg1Of activity,luciferase
R8764 T10152 T10153 arg1Of activity,(
R8765 T10155 T10153 arg2Of 7A,(
R8766 T10155 T10154 arg1Of 7A,Fig.
R8767 T10156 T10153 arg3Of ),(
R8768 T10158 T10157 arg1Of forms,Both
R8769 T10158 T10159 arg1Of forms,of
R8770 T10158 T10162 arg1Of forms,induced
R8771 T10160 T10159 arg2Of dCGN,of
R8772 T10160 T10161 arg2Of dCGN,used
R8773 T10162 T10165 arg1Of induced,in
R8774 T10164 T10162 arg2Of activation,induced
R8775 T10164 T10163 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R8776 T10168 T10167 arg1Of dependent,dose
R8777 T10169 T10165 arg2Of manner,in
R8778 T10169 T10166 arg1Of manner,a
R8779 T10169 T10168 arg1Of manner,dependent
R8780 T10173 T10172 arg1Of effect,the
R8781 T10173 T10174 arg1Of effect,was
R8782 T10173 T10177 arg2Of effect,induced
R8783 T10176 T10175 arg1Of strongly,more
R8784 T10177 T10170 arg1Of induced,However
R8785 T10177 T10171 arg1Of induced,","
R8786 T10177 T10174 arg2Of induced,was
R8787 T10177 T10176 arg1Of induced,strongly
R8788 T10182 T10177 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R8789 T10182 T10178 arg2Of dCGN,by
R8790 T10182 T10179 arg1Of dCGN,the
R8791 T10182 T10180 arg1Of dCGN,40
R8792 T10182 T10181 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R8793 T10182 T10183 arg1Of dCGN,(
R8794 T10185 T10183 arg2Of 7A,(
R8795 T10185 T10184 arg1Of 7A,Fig.
R8796 T10186 T10183 arg3Of ),(
R8797 T10188 T10187 arg1Of results,These
R8798 T10188 T10189 arg1Of results,were
R8799 T10188 T10191 arg2Of results,confirmed
R8800 T10191 T10189 arg2Of confirmed,were
R8801 T10191 T10190 arg1Of confirmed,further
R8802 T10191 T10192 arg1Of confirmed,by
R8803 T10194 T10192 arg2Of detecting,by
R8804 T10194 T10193 arg1Of detecting,directly
R8805 T10194 T10196 arg1Of detecting,in
R8806 T10194 T10200 arg1Of detecting,by
R8807 T10194 T10208 arg1Of detecting,by
R8808 T10195 T10194 arg2Of NF-κB,detecting
R8809 T10199 T10196 arg2Of nucleus,in
R8810 T10199 T10197 arg1Of nucleus,the
R8811 T10199 T10198 arg1Of nucleus,cell
R8812 T10200 T10207 arg1Of by,and
R8813 T10202 T10200 arg2Of blotting,by
R8814 T10202 T10201 arg1Of blotting,Western
R8815 T10202 T10203 arg1Of blotting,(
R8816 T10205 T10203 arg2Of 7C,(
R8817 T10205 T10204 arg1Of 7C,Fig.
R8818 T10206 T10203 arg3Of ),(
R8819 T10208 T10207 arg2Of by,and
R8820 T10209 T10208 arg2Of FACS,by
R8821 T10209 T10210 arg1Of FACS,(
R8822 T10212 T10210 arg2Of 7D,(
R8823 T10212 T10211 arg1Of 7D,Fig.
R8824 T10213 T10210 arg3Of ),(
R8825 T10215 T10214 arg1Of assays,These
R8826 T10215 T10217 arg1Of assays,allowed
R8827 T10217 T10216 arg1Of allowed,also
R8828 T10218 T10217 arg2Of us,allowed
R8829 T10218 T10220 arg1Of us,determine
R8830 T10220 T10217 arg3Of determine,allowed
R8831 T10220 T10219 arg1Of determine,to
R8832 T10221 T10220 arg2Of what,determine
R8833 T10223 T10221 arg1Of subunits,what
R8834 T10223 T10222 arg1Of subunits,NF-κB
R8835 T10223 T10224 arg1Of subunits,were
R8836 T10223 T10225 arg2Of subunits,activated
R8837 T10225 T10224 arg2Of activated,were
R8838 T10227 T10225 arg1Of dCGN,activated
R8839 T10227 T10226 arg2Of dCGN,by
R8840 T10229 T10228 arg1Of forms,Both
R8841 T10229 T10230 arg1Of forms,(
R8842 T10229 T10236 arg1Of forms,of
R8843 T10229 T10238 arg1Of forms,induced
R8844 T10231 T10232 arg1Of 10,or
R8845 T10233 T10232 arg2Of 40,or
R8846 T10234 T10230 arg2Of kDa,(
R8847 T10234 T10231 arg1Of kDa,10
R8848 T10234 T10233 arg1Of kDa,40
R8849 T10235 T10230 arg3Of ),(
R8850 T10237 T10236 arg2Of dCGN,of
R8851 T10239 T10238 arg2Of activation,induced
R8852 T10239 T10240 arg1Of activation,of
R8853 T10242 T10243 arg1Of p50,and
R8854 T10244 T10243 arg2Of p65,and
R8855 T10245 T10240 arg2Of subunits,of
R8856 T10245 T10241 arg1Of subunits,the
R8857 T10245 T10242 arg1Of subunits,p50
R8858 T10245 T10244 arg1Of subunits,p65
R8859 T10245 T10246 arg1Of subunits,of
R8860 T10247 T10246 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8861 T10250 T10248 arg1Of factor,This
R8862 T10250 T10249 arg1Of factor,nuclear
R8863 T10250 T10251 arg1Of factor,was
R8864 T10250 T10252 arg1Of factor,present
R8865 T10250 T10261 arg1Of factor,increased
R8866 T10251 T10260 arg1Of was,and
R8867 T10252 T10251 arg2Of present,was
R8868 T10252 T10253 arg1Of present,in
R8869 T10255 T10253 arg2Of levels,in
R8870 T10255 T10254 arg1Of levels,low
R8871 T10255 T10256 arg1Of levels,in
R8872 T10259 T10256 arg2Of nucleus,in
R8873 T10259 T10257 arg1Of nucleus,the
R8874 T10259 T10258 arg1Of nucleus,cell
R8875 T10260 T10262 arg1Of and,considerably
R8876 T10260 T10263 arg1Of and,after
R8877 T10261 T10260 arg2Of increased,and
R8878 T10264 T10263 arg2Of treatment,after
R8879 T10264 T10265 arg1Of treatment,with
R8880 T10266 T10265 arg2Of dCGN,with
R8881 T10268 T10267 arg1Of blots,Western
R8882 T10268 T10269 arg1Of blots,suggested
R8883 T10269 T10270 arg1Of suggested,the
R8884 T10272 T10273 arg1Of 40,kDa
R8885 T10274 T10271 arg1Of form,the
R8886 T10274 T10272 arg1Of form,40
R8887 T10274 T10275 arg1Of form,of
R8888 T10274 T10277 arg1Of form,induced
R8889 T10276 T10275 arg2Of dCGN,of
R8890 T10277 T10269 arg2Of induced,suggested
R8891 T10280 T10277 arg2Of activation,induced
R8892 T10280 T10278 arg1Of activation,a
R8893 T10280 T10279 arg1Of activation,stronger
R8894 T10280 T10281 arg1Of activation,of
R8895 T10282 T10281 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8896 T10282 T10283 arg1Of NF-κB,(
R8897 T10285 T10283 arg2Of 7C,(
R8898 T10285 T10284 arg1Of 7C,Fig.
R8899 T10286 T10283 arg3Of ),(
R8900 T10289 T10288 arg1Of sentive,more
R8901 T10290 T10287 arg1Of assay,A
R8902 T10290 T10289 arg1Of assay,sentive
R8903 T10290 T10291 arg1Of assay,for
R8904 T10290 T10295 arg1Of assay,is
R8905 T10294 T10291 arg2Of activation,for
R8906 T10294 T10292 arg1Of activation,nuclear
R8907 T10294 T10293 arg1Of activation,factor
R8908 T10297 T10295 arg2Of cytometry,is
R8909 T10297 T10296 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R8910 T10297 T10298 arg1Of cytometry,of
R8911 T10299 T10298 arg2Of nuclei,of
R8912 T10299 T10300 arg2Of nuclei,stained
R8913 T10300 T10301 arg1Of stained,with
R8914 T10303 T10301 arg2Of antibodies,with
R8915 T10303 T10302 arg1Of antibodies,specific
R8916 T10303 T10304 arg1Of antibodies,for
R8917 T10307 T10304 arg2Of factor,for
R8918 T10307 T10305 arg1Of factor,the
R8919 T10307 T10306 arg1Of factor,nuclear
R8920 T10307 T10308 arg1Of factor,of
R8921 T10309 T10308 arg2Of interest,of
R8922 T10310 T10312 arg1Of In,with
R8923 T10311 T10310 arg2Of agreement,In
R8924 T10315 T10310 arg3Of data,In
R8925 T10315 T10313 arg1Of data,the
R8926 T10315 T10314 arg1Of data,previous
R8927 T10318 T10317 arg1Of analysis,FACS
R8928 T10318 T10319 arg1Of analysis,of
R8929 T10318 T10324 arg1Of analysis,showed
R8930 T10320 T10319 arg2Of nuclei,of
R8931 T10320 T10321 arg1Of nuclei,from
R8932 T10323 T10321 arg2Of cells,from
R8933 T10323 T10322 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R8934 T10324 T10310 arg1Of showed,In
R8935 T10324 T10316 arg1Of showed,","
R8936 T10326 T10327 arg1Of there,was
R8937 T10327 T10324 arg2Of was,showed
R8938 T10327 T10325 arg1Of was,that
R8939 T10330 T10327 arg2Of level,was
R8940 T10330 T10328 arg1Of level,a
R8941 T10330 T10329 arg1Of level,basal
R8942 T10330 T10331 arg1Of level,of
R8943 T10333 T10331 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8944 T10333 T10332 arg1Of NF-κB,nuclear
R8945 T10333 T10334 arg1Of NF-κB,(
R8946 T10336 T10334 arg2Of 7D,(
R8947 T10336 T10335 arg1Of 7D,Fig.
R8948 T10337 T10334 arg3Of ),(
R8949 T10341 T10340 arg1Of forms,both
R8950 T10341 T10342 arg1Of forms,(
R8951 T10341 T10348 arg1Of forms,of
R8952 T10341 T10350 arg1Of forms,induced
R8953 T10343 T10344 arg1Of 10,or
R8954 T10345 T10344 arg2Of 40,or
R8955 T10346 T10342 arg2Of kDa,(
R8956 T10346 T10343 arg1Of kDa,10
R8957 T10346 T10345 arg1Of kDa,40
R8958 T10347 T10342 arg3Of ),(
R8959 T10349 T10348 arg2Of dCGN,of
R8960 T10350 T10338 arg1Of induced,Again
R8961 T10350 T10339 arg1Of induced,","
R8962 T10352 T10350 arg2Of increase,induced
R8963 T10352 T10351 arg1Of increase,an
R8964 T10352 T10353 arg1Of increase,of
R8965 T10355 T10356 arg1Of p50,and
R8966 T10357 T10356 arg2Of p65,and
R8967 T10358 T10353 arg2Of subunits,of
R8968 T10358 T10354 arg1Of subunits,the
R8969 T10358 T10355 arg1Of subunits,p50
R8970 T10358 T10357 arg1Of subunits,p65
R8971 T10358 T10359 arg1Of subunits,of
R8972 T10358 T10361 arg1Of subunits,in
R8973 T10360 T10359 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8974 T10363 T10361 arg2Of nucleus,in
R8975 T10363 T10362 arg1Of nucleus,the
R8976 T10363 T10364 arg1Of nucleus,of
R8977 T10366 T10364 arg2Of cells,of
R8978 T10366 T10365 arg1Of cells,these
R8979 T10371 T10367 arg1Of CGN,The
R8980 T10371 T10368 arg1Of CGN,40
R8981 T10371 T10369 arg1Of CGN,kDa
R8982 T10371 T10370 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R8983 T10371 T10372 arg1Of CGN,gave
R8984 T10375 T10372 arg2Of increase,gave
R8985 T10375 T10373 arg1Of increase,a
R8986 T10375 T10374 arg1Of increase,stronger
R8987 T10375 T10376 arg1Of increase,of
R8988 T10377 T10376 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R8989 T10377 T10378 arg1Of NF-κB,(
R8990 T10380 T10378 arg2Of 7D,(
R8991 T10380 T10379 arg1Of 7D,Fig.
R8992 T10381 T10378 arg3Of ),(
R8993 T10383 T10382 arg1Of data,These
R8994 T10383 T10385 arg1Of data,suggest
R8995 T10385 T10384 arg1Of suggest,strongly
R8996 T10389 T10387 arg1Of p50/p65,the
R8997 T10389 T10388 arg1Of p50/p65,heterodimer
R8998 T10389 T10390 arg1Of p50/p65,is
R8999 T10390 T10385 arg2Of is,suggest
R9000 T10390 T10386 arg1Of is,that
R9001 T10393 T10390 arg2Of isoform,is
R9002 T10393 T10391 arg1Of isoform,the
R9003 T10393 T10392 arg1Of isoform,NF-κB
R9004 T10393 T10394 arg2Of isoform,activated
R9005 T10397 T10394 arg1Of CGN,activated
R9006 T10397 T10395 arg2Of CGN,by
R9007 T10397 T10396 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R9008 T10397 T10398 arg1Of CGN,in
R9009 T10399 T10398 arg2Of monocytes,in
R9010 T10401 T10400 arg2Of addition,In
R9011 T10403 T10404 arg1Of degradation,of
R9012 T10403 T10408 arg1Of degradation,was
R9013 T10403 T10410 arg2Of degradation,observed
R9014 T10407 T10404 arg2Of IκBα,of
R9015 T10407 T10405 arg1Of IκBα,the
R9016 T10407 T10406 arg1Of IκBα,inhibitor
R9017 T10410 T10400 arg1Of observed,In
R9018 T10410 T10402 arg1Of observed,","
R9019 T10410 T10408 arg2Of observed,was
R9020 T10410 T10409 arg1Of observed,also
R9021 T10410 T10411 arg1Of observed,in
R9022 T10412 T10411 arg2Of cells,in
R9023 T10412 T10413 arg2Of cells,treated
R9024 T10413 T10414 arg1Of treated,with
R9025 T10415 T10414 arg2Of dCGN,with
R9026 T10415 T10416 arg1Of dCGN,(
R9027 T10418 T10416 arg2Of 7B,(
R9028 T10418 T10417 arg1Of 7B,Fig.
R9029 T10419 T10416 arg3Of ),(
R9030 T10423 T10420 arg1Of degradation,No
R9031 T10423 T10421 arg1Of degradation,significant
R9032 T10423 T10422 arg1Of degradation,IκBα
R9033 T10423 T10424 arg1Of degradation,was
R9034 T10423 T10425 arg2Of degradation,detected
R9035 T10425 T10424 arg2Of detected,was
R9036 T10425 T10426 arg1Of detected,within
R9037 T10425 T10433 arg1Of detected,but
R9038 T10428 T10426 arg2Of hours,within
R9039 T10428 T10427 arg1Of hours,two
R9040 T10428 T10429 arg1Of hours,of
R9041 T10431 T10429 arg2Of treatment,of
R9042 T10431 T10430 arg1Of treatment,dCGN
R9043 T10433 T10432 arg1Of but,","
R9044 T10434 T10435 arg1Of IκBα,was
R9045 T10434 T10437 arg2Of IκBα,degraded
R9046 T10437 T10433 arg2Of degraded,but
R9047 T10437 T10435 arg2Of degraded,was
R9048 T10437 T10436 arg1Of degraded,markedly
R9049 T10440 T10437 arg1Of hours,degraded
R9050 T10440 T10438 arg2Of hours,by
R9051 T10440 T10439 arg1Of hours,four
R9052 T10440 T10441 arg1Of hours,of
R9053 T10443 T10441 arg2Of treatment,of
R9054 T10443 T10442 arg1Of treatment,dCGN
R9055 T10443 T10444 arg1Of treatment,(
R9056 T10446 T10444 arg2Of 7B,(
R9057 T10446 T10445 arg1Of 7B,Fig.
R9058 T10447 T10444 arg3Of ),(
R9059 T10448 T10449 arg1Of We,focused
R9060 T10449 T10450 arg1Of focused,on
R9061 T10449 T10453 arg1Of focused,","
R9062 T10449 T10454 arg1Of focused,since
R9063 T10452 T10450 arg2Of subunit,on
R9064 T10452 T10451 arg1Of subunit,IκBα
R9065 T10455 T10456 arg1Of it,masks
R9066 T10456 T10463 arg1Of masks,","
R9067 T10460 T10456 arg2Of sequence,masks
R9068 T10460 T10457 arg1Of sequence,the
R9069 T10460 T10458 arg1Of sequence,nuclear
R9070 T10460 T10459 arg1Of sequence,localisation
R9071 T10460 T10461 arg1Of sequence,of
R9072 T10462 T10461 arg2Of p65,of
R9073 T10463 T10454 arg2Of ",",since
R9074 T10464 T10465 arg1Of it,is
R9075 T10465 T10463 arg2Of is,","
R9076 T10468 T10467 arg1Of rapidly,most
R9077 T10469 T10468 arg1Of degraded,rapidly
R9078 T10470 T10466 arg1Of subunit,the
R9079 T10470 T10469 arg1Of subunit,degraded
R9080 T10470 T10471 arg1Of subunit,and
R9081 T10471 T10465 arg2Of and,is
R9082 T10474 T10473 arg1Of studied,most
R9083 T10475 T10471 arg2Of one,and
R9084 T10475 T10472 arg1Of one,the
R9085 T10475 T10474 arg1Of one,studied
R9790 T11641 T11642 arg1Of Inflammation,of
R9791 T11641 T11646 arg1Of Inflammation,is
R9792 T11641 T11648 arg2Of Inflammation,associated
R9793 T11645 T11642 arg2Of tract,of
R9794 T11645 T11643 arg1Of tract,the
R9795 T11645 T11644 arg1Of tract,intestinal
R9796 T11648 T11646 arg2Of associated,is
R9797 T11648 T11647 arg1Of associated,usually
R9798 T11648 T11649 arg1Of associated,with
R9799 T11648 T11656 arg1Of associated,[
R9800 T11650 T11651 arg1Of infiltration,and
R9801 T11651 T11649 arg2Of and,with
R9802 T11651 T11653 arg1Of and,of
R9803 T11652 T11651 arg2Of activation,and
R9804 T11655 T11653 arg2Of macrophages,of
R9805 T11655 T11654 arg1Of macrophages,intestinal
R9806 T11657 T11656 arg2Of 17,[
R9807 T11658 T11656 arg3Of ],[
R9808 T11660 T11659 arg1Of macrophages,These
R9809 T11660 T11661 arg1Of macrophages,are
R9810 T11660 T11662 arg1Of macrophages,able
R9811 T11660 T11664 arg1Of macrophages,initiate
R9812 T11660 T11668 arg1Of macrophages,can
R9813 T11660 T11669 arg1Of macrophages,be
R9814 T11660 T11670 arg2Of macrophages,induced
R9815 T11660 T11672 arg1Of macrophages,differentiate
R9816 T11660 T11679 arg1Of macrophages,inhibit
R9817 T11661 T11667 arg1Of are,and
R9818 T11662 T11661 arg2Of able,are
R9819 T11664 T11662 arg2Of initiate,able
R9820 T11664 T11663 arg1Of initiate,to
R9821 T11666 T11664 arg2Of responses,initiate
R9822 T11666 T11665 arg1Of responses,immune
R9823 T11670 T11667 arg2Of induced,and
R9824 T11670 T11668 arg2Of induced,can
R9825 T11670 T11669 arg2Of induced,be
R9826 T11672 T11673 arg1Of differentiate,into
R9827 T11672 T11678 arg1Of differentiate,or
R9828 T11677 T11673 arg2Of exacerbate,into
R9829 T11677 T11674 arg1Of exacerbate,cells
R9830 T11677 T11675 arg1Of exacerbate,that
R9831 T11677 T11676 arg1Of exacerbate,either
R9832 T11678 T11670 arg3Of or,induced
R9833 T11678 T11671 arg1Of or,to
R9834 T11679 T11678 arg2Of inhibit,or
R9835 T11681 T11679 arg2Of inflammation,inhibit
R9836 T11681 T11680 arg1Of inflammation,the
R9837 T11682 T11683 arg1Of Accumulation,of
R9838 T11682 T11703 arg1Of Accumulation,is
R9839 T11682 T11705 arg2Of Accumulation,followed
R9840 T11685 T11683 arg2Of types,of
R9841 T11685 T11684 arg1Of types,different
R9842 T11685 T11686 arg1Of types,of
R9843 T11685 T11688 arg1Of types,","
R9844 T11685 T11689 arg1Of types,including
R9845 T11687 T11686 arg2Of leukocytes,of
R9846 T11690 T11691 arg1Of monocytes/macrophages,","
R9847 T11691 T11694 arg1Of ",",and
R9848 T11692 T11691 arg2Of neutrophils,","
R9849 T11694 T11689 arg2Of and,including
R9850 T11694 T11693 arg1Of and,","
R9851 T11694 T11696 arg1Of and,in
R9852 T11694 T11700 arg1Of and,during
R9853 T11695 T11694 arg2Of lymphocytes,and
R9854 T11699 T11696 arg2Of mucosa,in
R9855 T11699 T11697 arg1Of mucosa,the
R9856 T11699 T11698 arg1Of mucosa,intestinal
R9857 T11701 T11700 arg2Of inflammation,during
R9858 T11705 T11702 arg1Of followed,","
R9859 T11705 T11703 arg2Of followed,is
R9860 T11705 T11704 arg1Of followed,normally
R9861 T11707 T11705 arg1Of secretion,followed
R9862 T11707 T11706 arg2Of secretion,by
R9863 T11707 T11708 arg1Of secretion,of
R9864 T11710 T11708 arg2Of cytokines,of
R9865 T11710 T11709 arg1Of cytokines,pro-inflammatory
R9866 T11710 T11711 arg1Of cytokines,[
R9867 T11712 T11711 arg2Of 33,[
R9868 T11713 T11711 arg3Of ],[
R9869 T11715 T11714 arg1Of stimuli,Several
R9870 T11715 T11716 arg1Of stimuli,can
R9871 T11715 T11717 arg1Of stimuli,induce
R9872 T11717 T11716 arg2Of induce,can
R9873 T11719 T11717 arg2Of leukocytes,induce
R9874 T11719 T11718 arg1Of leukocytes,these
R9875 T11719 T11721 arg1Of leukocytes,produce
R9876 T11721 T11717 arg3Of produce,induce
R9877 T11721 T11720 arg1Of produce,to
R9878 T11721 T11725 arg1Of produce,during
R9879 T11724 T11721 arg2Of cytokines,produce
R9880 T11724 T11722 arg1Of cytokines,and
R9881 T11724 T11723 arg1Of cytokines,secrete
R9882 T11726 T11725 arg2Of inflammation,during
R9883 T11727 T11728 arg1Of One,of
R9884 T11727 T11735 arg1Of One,for
R9885 T11727 T11738 arg1Of One,is
R9886 T11731 T11732 arg1Of potent,and
R9887 T11732 T11730 arg1Of and,most
R9888 T11733 T11732 arg2Of known,and
R9889 T11734 T11728 arg2Of stimuli,of
R9890 T11734 T11729 arg1Of stimuli,the
R9891 T11734 T11731 arg1Of stimuli,potent
R9892 T11734 T11733 arg1Of stimuli,known
R9893 T11737 T11735 arg2Of activation,for
R9894 T11737 T11736 arg1Of activation,leukocyte
R9895 T11738 T11743 arg1Of is,[
R9896 T11739 T11738 arg2Of LPS,is
R9897 T11739 T11740 arg1Of LPS,from
R9898 T11742 T11740 arg2Of bacteria,from
R9899 T11742 T11741 arg1Of bacteria,Gram-negative
R9900 T11744 T11743 arg2Of 34,[
R9901 T11745 T11743 arg3Of ],[
R9902 T11747 T11746 arg2Of addition,In
R9903 T11750 T11749 arg1Of factors,other
R9904 T11750 T11751 arg1Of factors,are
R9905 T11750 T11753 arg1Of factors,able
R9906 T11750 T11755 arg1Of factors,stimulate
R9907 T11751 T11746 arg1Of are,In
R9908 T11751 T11748 arg1Of are,","
R9909 T11751 T11752 arg1Of are,also
R9910 T11751 T11764 arg1Of are,","
R9911 T11751 T11765 arg1Of are,[
R9912 T11753 T11751 arg2Of able,are
R9913 T11755 T11753 arg2Of stimulate,able
R9914 T11755 T11754 arg1Of stimulate,to
R9915 T11757 T11755 arg2Of secretion,stimulate
R9916 T11757 T11756 arg1Of secretion,cytokine
R9917 T11757 T11758 arg1Of secretion,from
R9918 T11760 T11758 arg2Of leukocytes,from
R9919 T11760 T11759 arg1Of leukocytes,various
R9920 T11760 T11761 arg1Of leukocytes,[
R9921 T11762 T11761 arg2Of 35,[
R9922 T11763 T11761 arg3Of ],[
R9923 T11766 T11765 arg2Of 36,[
R9924 T11767 T11765 arg3Of ],[
R9925 T11770 T11768 arg1Of factor,One
R9926 T11770 T11769 arg1Of factor,such
R9927 T11770 T11771 arg1Of factor,is
R9928 T11771 T11789 arg1Of is,(
R9929 T11771 T11792 arg1Of is,[
R9930 T11771 T11795 arg1Of is,","
R9931 T11771 T11796 arg1Of is,[
R9932 T11772 T11771 arg2Of CGN,is
R9933 T11772 T11773 arg1Of CGN,","
R9934 T11777 T11773 arg2Of weight,","
R9935 T11777 T11774 arg1Of weight,a
R9936 T11777 T11775 arg1Of weight,high
R9937 T11777 T11776 arg1Of weight,molecular
R9938 T11777 T11778 arg2Of weight,sulphated
R9939 T11777 T11785 arg2Of weight,derived
R9940 T11779 T11778 arg3Of polysaccharide,sulphated
R9941 T11779 T11780 arg1Of polysaccharide,(
R9942 T11782 T11781 arg1Of 200,>
R9943 T11783 T11780 arg2Of kDa,(
R9944 T11783 T11782 arg1Of kDa,200
R9945 T11784 T11780 arg3Of ),(
R9946 T11785 T11786 arg1Of derived,from
R9947 T11788 T11786 arg2Of algae,from
R9948 T11788 T11787 arg1Of algae,red
R9949 T11790 T11789 arg2Of Rhodophyceae,(
R9950 T11791 T11789 arg3Of ),(
R9951 T11793 T11792 arg2Of 1,[
R9952 T11794 T11792 arg3Of ],[
R9953 T11797 T11796 arg2Of 2,[
R9954 T11798 T11796 arg3Of ],[
R9955 T11800 T11799 arg1Of CGN,Native
R9956 T11800 T11801 arg1Of CGN,is
R9957 T11800 T11803 arg2Of CGN,used
R9958 T11803 T11801 arg2Of used,is
R9959 T11803 T11802 arg1Of used,widely
R9960 T11803 T11804 arg1Of used,as
R9961 T11803 T11812 modOf used,to
R9962 T11809 T11804 arg2Of E,as
R9963 T11809 T11805 arg1Of E,a
R9964 T11809 T11806 arg1Of E,food
R9965 T11809 T11807 arg1Of E,additive
R9966 T11809 T11808 arg2Of E,(
R9967 T11809 T11810 arg1Of E,407
R9968 T11811 T11808 arg3Of ),(
R9969 T11813 T11812 arg1Of improve,to
R9970 T11814 T11813 arg2Of texture,improve
R9971 T11815 T11816 arg1Of It,is
R9972 T11815 T11818 arg2Of It,used
R9973 T11818 T11816 arg2Of used,is
R9974 T11818 T11817 arg1Of used,also
R9975 T11818 T11819 arg1Of used,in
R9976 T11820 T11821 arg1Of cosmetics,and
R9977 T11821 T11819 arg2Of and,in
R9978 T11822 T11821 arg2Of pharmaceuticals,and
R9979 T11826 T11824 arg1Of CGN,native
R9980 T11826 T11825 arg1Of CGN,form
R9981 T11826 T11827 arg1Of CGN,(
R9982 T11826 T11831 arg1Of CGN,has
R9983 T11826 T11832 arg1Of CGN,been
R9984 T11826 T11833 arg2Of CGN,declared
R9985 T11826 T11834 arg1Of CGN,harmless
R9986 T11829 T11827 arg2Of kDa,(
R9987 T11829 T11828 arg1Of kDa,200–800
R9988 T11830 T11827 arg3Of ),(
R9989 T11833 T11823 arg2Of declared,Although
R9990 T11833 T11831 arg2Of declared,has
R9991 T11833 T11832 arg2Of declared,been
R9992 T11834 T11833 arg3Of harmless,declared
R9993 T11834 T11835 arg1Of harmless,to
R9994 T11836 T11835 arg2Of humans,to
R9995 T11836 T11837 arg1Of humans,[
R9996 T11838 T11837 arg2Of 8,[
R9997 T11839 T11837 arg3Of ],[
R9998 T11843 T11841 arg1Of forms,its
R9999 T11843 T11842 arg1Of forms,degraded
R10000 T11843 T11844 arg1Of forms,(
R10001 T11843 T11849 arg1Of forms,","
R10002 T11843 T11851 arg2Of forms,known
R10003 T11843 T11855 arg1Of forms,are
R10004 T11843 T11857 arg2Of forms,used
R10005 T11843 T11859 arg1Of forms,induce
R10006 T11846 T11845 arg1Of 50,<
R10007 T11847 T11844 arg2Of kDa,(
R10008 T11847 T11846 arg1Of kDa,50
R10009 T11848 T11844 arg3Of ),(
R10010 T11851 T11850 arg1Of known,also
R10011 T11851 T11852 arg1Of known,as
R10012 T11853 T11852 arg2Of poligeenan,as
R10013 T11857 T11823 arg1Of used,Although
R10014 T11857 T11840 arg1Of used,","
R10015 T11857 T11854 arg1Of used,","
R10016 T11857 T11855 arg2Of used,are
R10017 T11857 T11856 arg1Of used,widely
R10018 T11859 T11857 arg3Of induce,used
R10019 T11859 T11858 arg1Of induce,to
R10020 T11860 T11859 arg2Of colitis,induce
R10021 T11860 T11861 arg1Of colitis,in
R10022 T11862 T11861 arg2Of rodents,in
R10023 T11862 T11863 arg1Of rodents,[
R10024 T11862 T11866 arg1Of rodents,–
R10025 T11862 T11867 arg1Of rodents,[
R10026 T11864 T11863 arg2Of 3,[
R10027 T11865 T11863 arg3Of ],[
R10028 T11868 T11867 arg2Of 5,[
R10029 T11869 T11867 arg3Of ],[
R10030 T11872 T11870 arg1Of CGN,These
R10031 T11872 T11871 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R10032 T11872 T11873 arg1Of CGN,may
R10033 T11872 T11875 arg1Of CGN,have
R10034 T11875 T11873 arg2Of have,may
R10035 T11875 T11874 arg1Of have,also
R10036 T11875 T11883 arg1Of have,","
R10037 T11875 T11884 arg1Of have,[
R10038 T11875 T11887 arg1Of have,–
R10039 T11875 T11890 arg1Of have,]
R10040 T11879 T11875 arg2Of effect,have
R10041 T11879 T11876 arg1Of effect,a
R10042 T11879 T11877 arg1Of effect,possible
R10043 T11879 T11878 arg1Of effect,carcinogenic
R10044 T11879 T11880 arg1Of effect,[
R10045 T11881 T11880 arg2Of 4,[
R10046 T11882 T11880 arg3Of ],[
R10047 T11885 T11884 arg2Of 6,[
R10048 T11886 T11884 arg3Of ],[
R10049 T11888 T11887 arg2Of [,–
R10050 T11889 T11887 arg3Of 8,–
R10051 T11892 T11893 arg1Of er t,hi
R10052 T11892 T11895 arg1Of er t,still controv
R10053 T11893 T11890 arg2Of hi,]
R10054 T11893 T11891 arg1Of hi,; howev
R10055 T11893 T11894 arg1Of hi,s is
R10056 T11895 T11893 arg2Of still controv,hi
R10057 T11898 T11897 arg1Of treatment,acid
R10058 T11898 T11899 arg1Of treatment,at
R10059 T11898 T11905 arg1Of treatment,is
R10060 T11898 T11906 arg2Of treatment,required
R10061 T11901 T11899 arg2Of temperature,at
R10062 T11901 T11900 arg1Of temperature,high
R10063 T11901 T11902 arg1Of temperature,(
R10064 T11903 T11902 arg2Of 80°C,(
R10065 T11904 T11902 arg3Of ),(
R10066 T11906 T11896 arg2Of required,Although
R10067 T11906 T11905 arg2Of required,is
R10068 T11906 T11907 arg1Of required,for
R10069 T11906 T11911 arg1Of required,vitro
R10070 T11906 T11912 modOf required,to
R10071 T11909 T11907 arg2Of hydrolysis,for
R10072 T11909 T11908 arg1Of hydrolysis,CGN
R10073 T11911 T11910 arg1Of vitro,in
R10074 T11913 T11912 arg1Of lower,to
R10075 T11916 T11913 arg2Of dCGN,lower
R10076 T11916 T11914 arg1Of dCGN,molecular
R10077 T11916 T11915 arg1Of dCGN,weight
R10078 T11919 T11896 arg1Of is,Although
R10079 T11919 T11917 arg1Of is,","
R10080 T11919 T11935 arg1Of is,","
R10081 T11919 T11947 arg1Of is,","
R10082 T11919 T11948 arg1Of is,[
R10083 T11920 T11919 arg2Of probable,is
R10084 T11923 T11922 arg1Of dCGN,some
R10085 T11923 T11924 arg1Of dCGN,are
R10086 T11923 T11925 arg2Of dCGN,produced
R10087 T11925 T11920 arg2Of produced,probable
R10088 T11925 T11921 arg1Of produced,that
R10089 T11925 T11924 arg2Of produced,are
R10090 T11925 T11929 arg1Of produced,during
R10091 T11928 T11925 arg1Of hydrolysis,produced
R10092 T11928 T11926 arg2Of hydrolysis,by
R10093 T11928 T11927 arg1Of hydrolysis,acid
R10094 T11931 T11929 arg2Of digestion,during
R10095 T11931 T11930 arg1Of digestion,gastric
R10096 T11931 T11932 arg1Of digestion,[
R10097 T11933 T11932 arg2Of 9,[
R10098 T11934 T11932 arg3Of ],[
R10099 T11937 T11936 arg2Of 10,[
R10100 T11937 T11939 arg1Of 10,or
R10101 T11938 T11936 arg3Of ],[
R10102 T11939 T11918 arg1Of or,it
R10103 T11939 T11919 arg1Of or,is
R10104 T11939 T11920 arg1Of or,probable
R10105 T11940 T11939 arg2Of interaction,or
R10106 T11940 T11941 arg1Of interaction,with
R10107 T11943 T11941 arg2Of bacteria,with
R10108 T11943 T11942 arg1Of bacteria,intestinal
R10109 T11943 T11944 arg1Of bacteria,[
R10110 T11945 T11944 arg2Of 11,[
R10111 T11946 T11944 arg3Of ],[
R10112 T11949 T11948 arg2Of 12,[
R10113 T11950 T11948 arg3Of ],[
R10114 T11953 T11960 arg1Of understanding,is
R10115 T11953 T11961 arg1Of understanding,of
R10116 T11955 T11953 arg2Of mechanisms,understanding
R10117 T11955 T11954 arg1Of mechanisms,the
R10118 T11955 T11956 arg1Of mechanisms,of
R10119 T11959 T11956 arg2Of inflammation,of
R10120 T11959 T11957 arg1Of inflammation,dCGN-induced
R10121 T11959 T11958 arg1Of inflammation,bowel
R10122 T11960 T11951 arg1Of is,Thus
R10123 T11960 T11952 arg1Of is,","
R10124 T11961 T11960 arg2Of of,is
R10125 T11963 T11961 arg2Of importance,of
R10126 T11963 T11962 arg1Of importance,great
R10127 T11966 T11964 arg2Of report,In
R10128 T11966 T11965 arg1Of report,this
R10129 T11968 T11969 arg1Of we,have
R10130 T11968 T11970 arg1Of we,analyzed
R10131 T11970 T11964 arg1Of analyzed,In
R10132 T11970 T11967 arg1Of analyzed,","
R10133 T11970 T11969 arg2Of analyzed,have
R10134 T11972 T11970 arg2Of role,analyzed
R10135 T11972 T11971 arg1Of role,the
R10136 T11972 T11973 arg1Of role,of
R10137 T11972 T11981 arg1Of role,in
R10138 T11975 T11973 arg2Of monocytes,of
R10139 T11975 T11974 arg1Of monocytes,human
R10140 T11975 T11976 arg1Of monocytes,(
R10141 T11977 T11978 arg1Of PBM,and
R10142 T11978 T11976 arg2Of and,(
R10143 T11979 T11978 arg2Of THP-1,and
R10144 T11980 T11976 arg3Of ),(
R10145 T11983 T11981 arg2Of inflammation,in
R10146 T11983 T11982 arg1Of inflammation,dCGN-induced
R10147 T11986 T11985 arg1Of vivo,in
R10148 T11987 T11984 arg1Of studies,Preliminary
R10149 T11987 T11986 arg1Of studies,vivo
R10150 T11987 T11988 arg1Of studies,in
R10151 T11987 T11993 arg1Of studies,revealed
R10152 T11989 T11988 arg2Of rats,in
R10153 T11989 T11990 arg2Of rats,treated
R10154 T11990 T11991 arg1Of treated,with
R10155 T11992 T11991 arg2Of dCGN,with
R10156 T11993 T12019 arg1Of revealed,[
R10157 T11995 T11993 arg2Of shortening,revealed
R10158 T11995 T11994 arg1Of shortening,significant
R10159 T11995 T11996 arg1Of shortening,of
R10160 T11995 T12015 arg1Of shortening,similar
R10161 T11999 T11996 arg2Of intestine,of
R10162 T11999 T11997 arg1Of intestine,the
R10163 T11999 T11998 arg1Of intestine,large
R10164 T11999 T12000 arg2Of intestine,associated
R10165 T11999 T12005 arg1Of intestine,","
R10166 T12000 T12001 arg1Of associated,with
R10167 T12004 T12001 arg2Of state,with
R10168 T12004 T12002 arg1Of state,an
R10169 T12004 T12003 arg1Of state,inflammatory
R10170 T12007 T12006 arg1Of strong,i.e.
R10171 T12008 T12005 arg2Of infiltration,","
R10172 T12008 T12007 arg1Of infiltration,strong
R10173 T12008 T12009 arg1Of infiltration,of
R10174 T12008 T12011 arg1Of infiltration,to
R10175 T12010 T12009 arg2Of macrophages,of
R10176 T12014 T12011 arg2Of mucosa,to
R10177 T12014 T12012 arg1Of mucosa,the
R10178 T12014 T12013 arg1Of mucosa,intestinal
R10179 T12015 T12016 arg1Of similar,to
R10180 T12018 T12016 arg2Of inflammation,to
R10181 T12018 T12017 arg1Of inflammation,DSS-induced
R10182 T12020 T12019 arg2Of 20,[
R10183 T12021 T12019 arg3Of ],[
R10184 T12024 T12022 arg2Of fractions,Using
R10185 T12024 T12023 arg1Of fractions,two
R10186 T12024 T12025 arg1Of fractions,of
R10187 T12026 T12025 arg2Of dCGN,of
R10188 T12026 T12027 arg1Of dCGN,(
R10189 T12028 T12029 arg1Of 10,and
R10190 T12030 T12029 arg2Of 40,and
R10191 T12031 T12027 arg2Of kDa,(
R10192 T12031 T12028 arg1Of kDa,10
R10193 T12031 T12030 arg1Of kDa,40
R10194 T12032 T12027 arg3Of ),(
R10195 T12034 T12022 arg1Of we,Using
R10196 T12034 T12035 arg1Of we,observed
R10197 T12034 T12052 arg1Of we,confirming
R10198 T12035 T12022 modOf observed,Using
R10199 T12035 T12033 arg1Of observed,","
R10200 T12035 T12050 arg1Of observed,","
R10201 T12035 T12052 modOf observed,confirming
R10202 T12038 T12035 arg2Of correlation,observed
R10203 T12038 T12036 arg1Of correlation,a
R10204 T12038 T12037 arg1Of correlation,strong
R10205 T12038 T12039 arg1Of correlation,between
R10206 T12041 T12039 arg2Of severity,between
R10207 T12041 T12040 arg1Of severity,the
R10208 T12041 T12042 arg1Of severity,of
R10209 T12044 T12043 arg1Of inflammation,the
R10210 T12044 T12045 arg1Of inflammation,and
R10211 T12045 T12042 arg2Of and,of
R10212 T12049 T12045 arg2Of size,and
R10213 T12049 T12046 arg1Of size,the
R10214 T12049 T12047 arg1Of size,dCGN
R10215 T12049 T12048 arg1Of size,molecular
R10216 T12052 T12051 arg1Of confirming,thus
R10217 T12056 T12052 arg2Of inflammation,confirming
R10218 T12056 T12053 arg1Of inflammation,the
R10219 T12056 T12054 arg1Of inflammation,size
R10220 T12056 T12055 arg1Of inflammation,related
R10221 T12056 T12058 arg1Of inflammation,vivo
R10222 T12058 T12057 arg1Of vivo,in
R10223 T12061 T12059 arg1Of accumulation,This
R10224 T12061 T12060 arg1Of accumulation,macrophage
R10225 T12061 T12062 arg1Of accumulation,was
R10226 T12061 T12064 arg1Of accumulation,due
R10227 T12062 T12063 arg1Of was,not
R10228 T12062 T12068 arg1Of was,because
R10229 T12064 T12062 arg2Of due,was
R10230 T12064 T12065 arg1Of due,to
R10231 T12067 T12065 arg2Of proliferation,to
R10232 T12067 T12066 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R10233 T12069 T12070 arg1Of dCGN,inhibited
R10234 T12070 T12068 arg2Of inhibited,because
R10235 T12070 T12075 arg1Of inhibited,vitro
R10236 T12073 T12070 arg2Of proliferation,inhibited
R10237 T12073 T12071 arg1Of proliferation,THP-1
R10238 T12073 T12072 arg1Of proliferation,monocytes
R10239 T12075 T12074 arg1Of vitro,in
R10240 T12077 T12076 arg1Of results,These
R10241 T12077 T12078 arg1Of results,are
R10242 T12077 T12079 arg1Of results,similar
R10243 T12079 T12078 arg2Of similar,are
R10244 T12079 T12080 arg1Of similar,to
R10245 T12081 T12080 arg2Of those,to
R10246 T12081 T12082 arg2Of those,obtained
R10247 T12082 T12083 arg1Of obtained,with
R10248 T12087 T12083 arg2Of cells,with
R10249 T12087 T12084 arg1Of cells,human
R10250 T12087 T12085 arg1Of cells,colonic
R10251 T12087 T12086 arg1Of cells,epithelial
R10252 T12087 T12088 arg1Of cells,(
R10253 T12087 T12093 arg2Of cells,exposed
R10254 T12091 T12088 arg2Of line,(
R10255 T12091 T12089 arg1Of line,NCM460
R10256 T12091 T12090 arg1Of line,cell
R10257 T12092 T12088 arg3Of ),(
R10258 T12093 T12094 arg1Of exposed,to
R10259 T12093 T12097 arg1Of exposed,for
R10260 T12096 T12094 arg2Of CGN,to
R10261 T12096 T12095 arg1Of CGN,native
R10262 T12099 T12097 arg2Of days,for
R10263 T12099 T12098 arg1Of days,1–8
R10264 T12099 T12100 arg1Of days,[
R10265 T12101 T12100 arg2Of 37,[
R10266 T12102 T12100 arg3Of ],[
R10267 T12105 T12106 arg1Of it,seems
R10268 T12106 T12103 arg1Of seems,Thus
R10269 T12106 T12104 arg1Of seems,","
R10270 T12108 T12109 arg1Of dCGN,promote
R10271 T12108 T12113 arg1Of dCGN,recruiting
R10272 T12109 T12106 arg2Of promote,seems
R10273 T12109 T12107 arg1Of promote,that
R10274 T12109 T12112 arg1Of promote,by
R10275 T12109 T12123 arg1Of promote,by
R10276 T12111 T12109 arg2Of infiltration,promote
R10277 T12111 T12110 arg1Of infiltration,macrophage
R10278 T12112 T12121 arg1Of by,and
R10279 T12113 T12112 arg2Of recruiting,by
R10280 T12115 T12113 arg2Of cells,recruiting
R10281 T12115 T12114 arg1Of cells,new
R10282 T12115 T12116 arg1Of cells,to
R10283 T12120 T12116 arg2Of mucosa,to
R10284 T12120 T12117 arg1Of mucosa,the
R10285 T12120 T12118 arg1Of mucosa,inflamed
R10286 T12120 T12119 arg1Of mucosa,intestinal
R10287 T12123 T12121 arg2Of by,and
R10288 T12123 T12122 arg1Of by,not
R10289 T12124 T12123 arg2Of inducing,by
R10290 T12126 T12124 arg2Of proliferation,inducing
R10291 T12126 T12125 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R10292 T12128 T12127 arg2Of addition,In
R10293 T12131 T12130 arg1Of few,very
R10294 T12133 T12131 arg1Of cells,few
R10295 T12133 T12132 arg1Of cells,polymorphonuclear
R10296 T12133 T12134 arg1Of cells,were
R10297 T12133 T12135 arg2Of cells,detected
R10298 T12135 T12127 arg1Of detected,In
R10299 T12135 T12129 arg1Of detected,","
R10300 T12135 T12134 arg2Of detected,were
R10301 T12135 T12136 arg1Of detected,in
R10302 T12135 T12139 arg1Of detected,at
R10303 T12138 T12136 arg2Of mucosa,in
R10304 T12138 T12137 arg1Of mucosa,the
R10305 T12142 T12139 arg2Of point,at
R10306 T12142 T12140 arg1Of point,the
R10307 T12142 T12141 arg1Of point,time
R10308 T12142 T12143 arg2Of point,analyzed
R10309 T12143 T12144 arg1Of analyzed,as
R10310 T12145 T12144 arg2Of demonstrated,as
R10311 T12149 T12148 arg1Of low,very
R10312 T12150 T12145 arg1Of level,demonstrated
R10313 T12150 T12146 arg2Of level,by
R10314 T12150 T12147 arg1Of level,a
R10315 T12150 T12149 arg1Of level,low
R10316 T12150 T12151 arg1Of level,of
R10317 T12150 T12153 arg1Of level,in
R10318 T12152 T12151 arg2Of MPO,of
R10319 T12156 T12153 arg2Of tissue,in
R10320 T12156 T12154 arg1Of tissue,the
R10321 T12156 T12155 arg1Of tissue,intestinal
R10322 T12158 T12157 arg1Of results,These
R10323 T12158 T12159 arg1Of results,suggest
R10324 T12161 T12162 arg1Of monocytes,might
R10325 T12161 T12163 arg1Of monocytes,produce
R10326 T12163 T12159 arg2Of produce,suggest
R10327 T12163 T12160 arg1Of produce,that
R10328 T12163 T12162 arg2Of produce,might
R10329 T12164 T12163 arg2Of cytokines,produce
R10330 T12164 T12165 arg2Of cytokines,associated
R10331 T12165 T12166 arg1Of associated,with
R10332 T12167 T12166 arg2Of activation,with
R10333 T12167 T12168 arg1Of activation,into
R10334 T12169 T12168 arg2Of macrophages,into
R10335 T12169 T12170 arg1Of macrophages,in
R10336 T12171 T12170 arg2Of response,in
R10337 T12171 T12172 arg1Of response,to
R10338 T12173 T12172 arg2Of dCGN,to
R10339 T12176 T12177 arg1Of we,analyzed
R10340 T12177 T12174 arg1Of analyzed,Thus
R10341 T12177 T12175 arg1Of analyzed,","
R10342 T12177 T12188 arg1Of analyzed,in
R10343 T12179 T12177 arg2Of production,analyzed
R10344 T12179 T12178 arg1Of production,the
R10345 T12179 T12180 arg1Of production,of
R10346 T12179 T12182 arg1Of production,by
R10347 T12181 T12180 arg2Of TNF,of
R10348 T12184 T12185 arg1Of PBM,and
R10349 T12185 T12182 arg2Of and,by
R10350 T12185 T12183 arg1Of and,both
R10351 T12187 T12185 arg2Of cells,and
R10352 T12187 T12186 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10353 T12188 T12190 arg1Of in,to
R10354 T12189 T12188 arg2Of response,in
R10355 T12191 T12188 arg3Of dCGN,in
R10356 T12193 T12192 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R10357 T12193 T12194 arg1Of CGN,induced
R10358 T12197 T12194 arg2Of production,induced
R10359 T12197 T12195 arg1Of production,a
R10360 T12197 T12196 arg1Of production,robust
R10361 T12197 T12198 arg1Of production,of
R10362 T12197 T12200 arg1Of production,by
R10363 T12199 T12198 arg2Of TNF,of
R10364 T12201 T12200 arg2Of monocytes,by
R10365 T12203 T12204 arg1Of 40,kDa
R10366 T12205 T12202 arg1Of form,The
R10367 T12205 T12203 arg1Of form,40
R10368 T12205 T12206 arg1Of form,of
R10369 T12205 T12208 arg1Of form,was
R10370 T12205 T12210 arg1Of form,potent
R10371 T12207 T12206 arg2Of dCGN,of
R10372 T12210 T12208 arg2Of potent,was
R10373 T12210 T12209 arg1Of potent,more
R10374 T12210 T12211 arg1Of potent,for
R10375 T12210 T12214 arg1Of potent,than
R10376 T12213 T12211 arg2Of stimulation,for
R10377 T12213 T12212 arg1Of stimulation,monocyte
R10378 T12217 T12215 arg1Of kDa,the
R10379 T12217 T12216 arg1Of kDa,10
R10380 T12217 T12218 arg1Of kDa,or
R10381 T12218 T12214 arg2Of or,than
R10382 T12221 T12218 arg2Of ones,or
R10383 T12221 T12219 arg1Of ones,the
R10384 T12221 T12220 arg1Of ones,native
R10385 T12225 T12224 arg1Of activation,monocyte
R10386 T12225 T12226 arg1Of activation,by
R10387 T12225 T12231 arg1Of activation,was
R10388 T12225 T12233 arg1Of activation,stronger
R10389 T12227 T12226 arg2Of dCGN,by
R10390 T12227 T12228 modOf dCGN,to
R10391 T12229 T12228 arg1Of produce,to
R10392 T12230 T12229 arg2Of TNF,produce
R10393 T12231 T12222 arg1Of was,Surprisingly
R10394 T12231 T12223 arg1Of was,","
R10395 T12233 T12231 arg2Of stronger,was
R10396 T12233 T12232 arg1Of stronger,much
R10397 T12233 T12234 arg1Of stronger,than
R10398 T12236 T12234 arg2Of activation,than
R10399 T12236 T12235 arg1Of activation,the
R10400 T12236 T12237 arg2Of activation,induced
R10401 T12239 T12237 arg1Of LPS,induced
R10402 T12239 T12238 arg2Of LPS,by
R10403 T12239 T12240 arg1Of LPS,","
R10404 T12243 T12240 arg2Of factor,","
R10405 T12243 T12241 arg1Of factor,an
R10406 T12243 T12242 arg1Of factor,inflammatory
R10407 T12243 T12244 arg2Of factor,considered
R10408 T12243 T12246 arg1Of factor,be
R10409 T12243 T12247 arg1Of factor,among
R10410 T12246 T12244 arg3Of be,considered
R10411 T12246 T12245 arg1Of be,to
R10412 T12247 T12246 arg2Of among,be
R10413 T12250 T12249 arg1Of potent,most
R10414 T12251 T12247 arg2Of stimuli,among
R10415 T12251 T12248 arg1Of stimuli,the
R10416 T12251 T12250 arg1Of stimuli,potent
R10417 T12251 T12252 arg1Of stimuli,for
R10418 T12254 T12252 arg2Of activation,for
R10419 T12254 T12253 arg1Of activation,leukocyte
R10420 T12256 T12255 arg1Of results,These
R10421 T12256 T12257 arg1Of results,underline
R10422 T12259 T12257 arg2Of fact,underline
R10423 T12259 T12258 arg1Of fact,the
R10424 T12263 T12261 arg1Of forms,partially
R10425 T12263 T12262 arg2Of forms,degraded
R10426 T12263 T12264 arg1Of forms,of
R10427 T12263 T12266 arg1Of forms,have
R10428 T12265 T12264 arg2Of CGN,of
R10429 T12266 T12259 arg2Of have,fact
R10430 T12266 T12260 arg1Of have,that
R10431 T12269 T12266 arg2Of effects,have
R10432 T12269 T12267 arg1Of effects,important
R10433 T12269 T12268 arg1Of effects,cellular
R10434 T12271 T12270 arg1Of amount,The
R10435 T12271 T12272 arg1Of amount,of
R10436 T12271 T12280 arg1Of amount,was
R10437 T12271 T12282 arg1Of amount,larger
R10438 T12273 T12272 arg2Of TNF,of
R10439 T12273 T12274 arg2Of TNF,secreted
R10440 T12276 T12274 arg1Of PBM,secreted
R10441 T12276 T12275 arg2Of PBM,by
R10442 T12276 T12277 arg2Of PBM,induced
R10443 T12277 T12278 arg1Of induced,with
R10444 T12279 T12278 arg2Of LPS,with
R10445 T12282 T12280 arg2Of larger,was
R10446 T12282 T12281 arg1Of larger,much
R10447 T12282 T12283 arg1Of larger,than
R10448 T12285 T12283 arg2Of one,than
R10449 T12285 T12284 arg1Of one,the
R10450 T12285 T12286 arg2Of one,secreted
R10451 T12289 T12286 arg1Of monocytes,secreted
R10452 T12289 T12287 arg2Of monocytes,by
R10453 T12289 T12288 arg1Of monocytes,THP-1
R10454 T12292 T12291 arg1Of activation,monocyte
R10455 T12292 T12293 arg1Of activation,by
R10456 T12292 T12295 arg1Of activation,is
R10457 T12292 T12296 arg2Of activation,associated
R10458 T12294 T12293 arg2Of LPS,by
R10459 T12296 T12290 arg2Of associated,Since
R10460 T12296 T12295 arg2Of associated,is
R10461 T12296 T12297 arg1Of associated,with
R10462 T12299 T12297 arg2Of presence,with
R10463 T12299 T12298 arg1Of presence,the
R10464 T12299 T12300 arg1Of presence,of
R10465 T12302 T12303 arg1Of CD14,and
R10466 T12304 T12303 arg2Of TLR4,and
R10467 T12307 T12306 arg2Of 38,[
R10468 T12308 T12306 arg3Of ],[
R10469 T12309 T12300 arg2Of –,of
R10470 T12309 T12301 arg1Of –,the
R10471 T12309 T12302 arg1Of –,CD14
R10472 T12309 T12304 arg1Of –,TLR4
R10473 T12309 T12305 arg1Of –,receptors
R10474 T12309 T12306 arg1Of –,[
R10475 T12309 T12310 arg1Of –,[
R10476 T12311 T12310 arg2Of 40,[
R10477 T12312 T12310 arg3Of ],[
R10478 T12316 T12314 arg1Of response,the
R10479 T12316 T12315 arg1Of response,different
R10480 T12316 T12317 arg2Of response,observed
R10481 T12316 T12318 arg1Of response,could
R10482 T12316 T12319 arg1Of response,be
R10483 T12316 T12321 arg1Of response,to
R10484 T12319 T12290 arg1Of be,Since
R10485 T12319 T12313 arg1Of be,","
R10486 T12319 T12318 arg2Of be,could
R10487 T12321 T12319 arg2Of to,be
R10488 T12321 T12320 arg1Of to,due
R10489 T12324 T12321 arg2Of expression,to
R10490 T12324 T12322 arg1Of expression,the
R10491 T12324 T12323 arg1Of expression,different
R10492 T12324 T12325 arg1Of expression,of
R10493 T12324 T12328 arg1Of expression,in
R10494 T12327 T12325 arg2Of receptors,of
R10495 T12327 T12326 arg1Of receptors,these
R10496 T12329 T12330 arg1Of PBM,and
R10497 T12330 T12328 arg2Of and,in
R10498 T12332 T12330 arg2Of cells,and
R10499 T12332 T12331 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10500 T12333 T12334 arg1Of CD14,is
R10501 T12333 T12336 arg2Of CD14,expressed
R10502 T12336 T12334 arg2Of expressed,is
R10503 T12336 T12335 arg1Of expressed,not
R10504 T12336 T12341 arg1Of expressed,but
R10505 T12339 T12336 arg1Of monocytes,expressed
R10506 T12339 T12337 arg2Of monocytes,by
R10507 T12339 T12338 arg1Of monocytes,THP-1
R10508 T12341 T12340 arg1Of but,","
R10509 T12342 T12343 arg1Of it,is
R10510 T12342 T12344 arg2Of it,expressed
R10511 T12344 T12341 arg2Of expressed,but
R10512 T12344 T12343 arg2Of expressed,is
R10513 T12346 T12344 arg1Of PBM,expressed
R10514 T12346 T12345 arg2Of PBM,by
R10515 T12348 T12347 arg1Of fact,This
R10516 T12348 T12349 arg1Of fact,could
R10517 T12348 T12350 arg1Of fact,explain
R10518 T12350 T12349 arg2Of explain,could
R10519 T12351 T12350 arg2Of why,explain
R10520 T12353 T12352 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10521 T12353 T12354 arg1Of cells,produced
R10522 T12354 T12351 arg1Of produced,why
R10523 T12354 T12369 arg1Of produced,in
R10524 T12357 T12356 arg1Of smaller,much
R10525 T12358 T12355 arg1Of response,a
R10526 T12358 T12357 arg1Of response,smaller
R10527 T12358 T12359 arg1Of response,to
R10528 T12358 T12361 arg1Of response,than
R10529 T12358 T12363 arg1Of response,and
R10530 T12360 T12359 arg2Of LPS,to
R10531 T12362 T12361 arg2Of PBM,than
R10532 T12363 T12354 arg2Of and,produced
R10533 T12366 T12363 arg2Of difference,and
R10534 T12366 T12364 arg1Of difference,also
R10535 T12366 T12365 arg1Of difference,the
R10536 T12366 T12367 arg1Of difference,of
R10537 T12368 T12367 arg2Of kinetics,of
R10538 T12371 T12370 arg1Of LPS,the
R10539 T12371 T12372 arg1Of LPS,induced
R10540 T12372 T12369 arg2Of induced,in
R10541 T12374 T12372 arg2Of secretion,induced
R10542 T12374 T12373 arg1Of secretion,TNF
R10543 T12376 T12375 arg1Of peak,The
R10544 T12376 T12377 arg1Of peak,of
R10545 T12376 T12380 arg1Of peak,was
R10546 T12376 T12381 arg2Of peak,observed
R10547 T12379 T12377 arg2Of response,of
R10548 T12379 T12378 arg1Of response,TNF
R10549 T12381 T12380 arg2Of observed,was
R10550 T12381 T12382 arg1Of observed,after
R10551 T12381 T12397 arg1Of observed,whereas
R10552 T12385 T12382 arg2Of stimulation,after
R10553 T12385 T12383 arg1Of stimulation,8
R10554 T12385 T12384 arg1Of stimulation,h
R10555 T12385 T12386 arg2Of stimulation,followed
R10556 T12390 T12386 arg1Of decrease,followed
R10557 T12390 T12387 arg2Of decrease,by
R10558 T12390 T12388 arg1Of decrease,a
R10559 T12390 T12389 arg1Of decrease,rapid
R10560 T12390 T12391 arg1Of decrease,to
R10561 T12390 T12393 arg1Of decrease,at
R10562 T12392 T12391 arg2Of baseline,to
R10563 T12395 T12393 arg2Of h,at
R10564 T12395 T12394 arg1Of h,10
R10565 T12397 T12396 arg1Of whereas,","
R10566 T12400 T12398 arg2Of cells,on
R10567 T12400 T12399 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10568 T12402 T12401 arg1Of peak,the
R10569 T12402 T12403 arg1Of peak,was
R10570 T12402 T12405 arg2Of peak,reached
R10571 T12405 T12397 arg2Of reached,whereas
R10572 T12405 T12398 arg1Of reached,on
R10573 T12405 T12403 arg2Of reached,was
R10574 T12405 T12404 arg1Of reached,not
R10575 T12405 T12407 arg1Of reached,after
R10576 T12407 T12406 arg1Of after,until
R10577 T12409 T12407 arg2Of h,after
R10578 T12409 T12408 arg1Of h,56
R10579 T12413 T12412 arg1Of amount,the
R10580 T12413 T12414 arg1Of amount,of
R10581 T12413 T12422 arg1Of amount,was
R10582 T12413 T12424 arg1Of amount,larger
R10583 T12415 T12414 arg2Of TNF,of
R10584 T12415 T12416 arg2Of TNF,secreted
R10585 T12418 T12416 arg1Of monocytes,secreted
R10586 T12418 T12417 arg2Of monocytes,by
R10587 T12418 T12419 arg2Of monocytes,induced
R10588 T12419 T12420 arg1Of induced,with
R10589 T12421 T12420 arg2Of dCGN,with
R10590 T12422 T12410 arg1Of was,Moreover
R10591 T12422 T12411 arg1Of was,","
R10592 T12424 T12422 arg2Of larger,was
R10593 T12424 T12423 arg1Of larger,much
R10594 T12424 T12425 arg1Of larger,than
R10595 T12427 T12425 arg2Of one,than
R10596 T12427 T12426 arg1Of one,the
R10597 T12427 T12428 arg2Of one,induced
R10598 T12430 T12428 arg1Of LPS,induced
R10599 T12430 T12429 arg2Of LPS,by
R10600 T12434 T12431 arg2Of hand,On
R10601 T12434 T12432 arg1Of hand,the
R10602 T12434 T12433 arg1Of hand,other
R10603 T12436 T12437 arg1Of LPS,and
R10604 T12437 T12439 arg1Of and,displayed
R10605 T12438 T12437 arg2Of dCGN,and
R10606 T12439 T12431 arg1Of displayed,On
R10607 T12439 T12435 arg1Of displayed,","
R10608 T12442 T12441 arg1Of different,very
R10609 T12445 T12439 arg2Of curve,displayed
R10610 T12445 T12440 arg1Of curve,a
R10611 T12445 T12442 arg1Of curve,different
R10612 T12445 T12443 arg1Of curve,TNF
R10613 T12445 T12444 arg1Of curve,secretion
R10614 T12445 T12446 arg1Of curve,in
R10615 T12448 T12446 arg2Of cells,in
R10616 T12448 T12447 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10617 T12450 T12449 arg1Of differences,These
R10618 T12450 T12451 arg1Of differences,suggest
R10619 T12453 T12454 arg1Of dCGN,and
R10620 T12454 T12456 arg1Of and,could
R10621 T12454 T12457 arg1Of and,use
R10622 T12455 T12454 arg2Of LPS,and
R10623 T12457 T12451 arg2Of use,suggest
R10624 T12457 T12452 arg1Of use,that
R10625 T12457 T12456 arg2Of use,could
R10626 T12460 T12457 arg2Of mechanisms,use
R10627 T12460 T12458 arg1Of mechanisms,different
R10628 T12460 T12459 arg1Of mechanisms,activation
R10629 T12463 T12462 arg2Of noteworthy,is
R10630 T12465 T12467 arg1Of neutralizing,to
R10631 T12465 T12470 arg1Of neutralizing,partially
R10632 T12465 T12476 arg1Of neutralizing,inhibited
R10633 T12466 T12465 arg2Of antibody,neutralizing
R10634 T12468 T12467 arg2Of CD14,to
R10635 T12470 T12469 arg1Of partially,only
R10636 T12470 T12471 arg1Of partially,(
R10637 T12473 T12472 arg1Of 40,<
R10638 T12474 T12471 arg2Of %,(
R10639 T12474 T12473 arg1Of %,40
R10640 T12475 T12471 arg3Of ),(
R10641 T12476 T12461 arg1Of inhibited,It
R10642 T12476 T12462 arg1Of inhibited,is
R10643 T12476 T12463 arg1Of inhibited,noteworthy
R10644 T12476 T12464 arg1Of inhibited,that
R10645 T12479 T12476 arg2Of secretion,inhibited
R10646 T12479 T12477 arg1Of secretion,dCGN-induced
R10647 T12479 T12478 arg1Of secretion,TNF
R10648 T12479 T12480 arg1Of secretion,(
R10649 T12482 T12480 arg2Of shown,(
R10650 T12482 T12481 arg1Of shown,not
R10651 T12483 T12480 arg3Of ),(
R10652 T12484 T12485 arg1Of TLR4,has
R10653 T12484 T12486 arg1Of TLR4,been
R10654 T12484 T12488 arg2Of TLR4,identified
R10655 T12488 T12485 arg2Of identified,has
R10656 T12488 T12486 arg2Of identified,been
R10657 T12488 T12487 arg1Of identified,recently
R10658 T12488 T12489 arg1Of identified,as
R10659 T12493 T12489 arg2Of receptor,as
R10660 T12493 T12490 arg1Of receptor,a
R10661 T12493 T12491 arg1Of receptor,surface
R10662 T12493 T12492 arg1Of receptor,membrane
R10663 T12493 T12494 arg1Of receptor,for
R10664 T12493 T12496 arg1Of receptor,in
R10665 T12495 T12494 arg2Of CGN,for
R10666 T12500 T12496 arg2Of cells,in
R10667 T12500 T12497 arg1Of cells,human
R10668 T12500 T12498 arg1Of cells,colonic
R10669 T12500 T12499 arg1Of cells,epithelial
R10670 T12500 T12501 arg1Of cells,[
R10671 T12502 T12501 arg2Of 41,[
R10672 T12503 T12501 arg3Of ],[
R10673 T12507 T12504 arg1Of is,Thus
R10674 T12507 T12505 arg1Of is,","
R10675 T12508 T12507 arg2Of possible,is
R10676 T12510 T12511 arg1Of TLR4,is
R10677 T12510 T12512 arg2Of TLR4,activated
R10678 T12512 T12506 arg1Of activated,it
R10679 T12512 T12507 arg1Of activated,is
R10680 T12512 T12508 arg1Of activated,possible
R10681 T12512 T12509 arg1Of activated,that
R10682 T12512 T12511 arg2Of activated,is
R10683 T12512 T12515 modOf activated,to
R10684 T12514 T12512 arg1Of dCGN,activated
R10685 T12514 T12513 arg2Of dCGN,by
R10686 T12516 T12515 arg1Of induce,to
R10687 T12518 T12516 arg2Of secretion,induce
R10688 T12518 T12517 arg1Of secretion,cytokine
R10689 T12518 T12519 arg1Of secretion,by
R10690 T12520 T12519 arg2Of monocytes,by
R10691 T12521 T12522 arg1Of We,can
R10692 T12521 T12524 arg1Of We,speculate
R10693 T12524 T12522 arg2Of speculate,can
R10694 T12524 T12523 arg1Of speculate,only
R10695 T12524 T12538 arg1Of speculate,","
R10696 T12526 T12527 arg1Of TLR4,may
R10697 T12526 T12528 arg1Of TLR4,have
R10698 T12528 T12524 arg2Of have,speculate
R10699 T12528 T12525 arg1Of have,that
R10700 T12528 T12527 arg2Of have,may
R10701 T12532 T12528 arg2Of site,have
R10702 T12532 T12529 arg1Of site,a
R10703 T12532 T12530 arg1Of site,higher
R10704 T12532 T12531 arg1Of site,affinity-binding
R10705 T12532 T12533 arg1Of site,for
R10706 T12532 T12535 arg1Of site,than
R10707 T12534 T12533 arg2Of dCGN,for
R10708 T12536 T12535 arg2Of for,than
R10709 T12537 T12536 arg2Of LPS,for
R10710 T12542 T12541 arg1Of hypothesis,this
R10711 T12542 T12543 arg1Of hypothesis,remains
R10712 T12542 T12545 arg1Of hypothesis,be
R10713 T12542 T12546 arg2Of hypothesis,tested
R10714 T12543 T12538 arg2Of remains,","
R10715 T12543 T12539 arg1Of remains,however
R10716 T12543 T12540 arg1Of remains,","
R10717 T12546 T12543 arg2Of tested,remains
R10718 T12546 T12544 arg1Of tested,to
R10719 T12546 T12545 arg2Of tested,be
R10720 T12548 T12547 arg1Of indicator,Another
R10721 T12548 T12559 arg1Of indicator,is
R10722 T12550 T12551 arg1Of dCGN,stimulate
R10723 T12551 T12548 arg2Of stimulate,indicator
R10724 T12551 T12549 arg1Of stimulate,that
R10725 T12552 T12551 arg2Of monocytes,stimulate
R10726 T12552 T12553 arg1Of monocytes,leading
R10727 T12553 T12554 arg1Of leading,to
R10728 T12557 T12556 arg1Of active,more
R10729 T12558 T12554 arg2Of phenotype,to
R10730 T12558 T12555 arg1Of phenotype,a
R10731 T12558 T12557 arg1Of phenotype,active
R10732 T12561 T12559 arg2Of fact,is
R10733 T12561 T12560 arg1Of fact,the
R10734 T12564 T12563 arg1Of expression,surface
R10735 T12564 T12565 arg1Of expression,of
R10736 T12564 T12570 arg1Of expression,was
R10737 T12564 T12571 arg2Of expression,enhanced
R10738 T12569 T12565 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R10739 T12569 T12566 arg1Of ICAM-1,the
R10740 T12569 T12567 arg1Of ICAM-1,adhesion
R10741 T12569 T12568 arg1Of ICAM-1,molecule
R10742 T12571 T12561 arg2Of enhanced,fact
R10743 T12571 T12562 arg1Of enhanced,that
R10744 T12571 T12570 arg2Of enhanced,was
R10745 T12571 T12572 arg1Of enhanced,in
R10746 T12574 T12575 arg1Of PBM,and
R10747 T12575 T12572 arg2Of and,in
R10748 T12575 T12573 arg1Of and,both
R10749 T12577 T12575 arg2Of cells,and
R10750 T12577 T12576 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R10751 T12580 T12578 arg1Of expression,The
R10752 T12580 T12579 arg1Of expression,over
R10753 T12580 T12581 arg1Of expression,of
R10754 T12580 T12583 arg1Of expression,caused
R10755 T12582 T12581 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R10756 T12586 T12583 arg2Of monocytes,caused
R10757 T12586 T12584 arg1Of monocytes,the
R10758 T12586 T12585 arg2Of monocytes,activated
R10759 T12586 T12588 arg1Of monocytes,form
R10760 T12588 T12583 arg3Of form,caused
R10761 T12588 T12587 arg1Of form,to
R10762 T12590 T12588 arg2Of aggregates,form
R10763 T12590 T12589 arg1Of aggregates,cell
R10764 T12590 T12591 arg1Of aggregates,that
R10765 T12590 T12592 arg1Of aggregates,were
R10766 T12590 T12594 arg1Of aggregates,abundant
R10767 T12592 T12595 arg1Of were,among
R10768 T12594 T12592 arg2Of abundant,were
R10769 T12594 T12593 arg1Of abundant,more
R10770 T12596 T12595 arg2Of cells,among
R10771 T12596 T12597 arg2Of cells,treated
R10772 T12597 T12598 arg1Of treated,with
R10773 T12602 T12598 arg2Of dCGN,with
R10774 T12602 T12599 arg1Of dCGN,the
R10775 T12602 T12600 arg1Of dCGN,40
R10776 T12602 T12601 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R10777 T12603 T12604 arg1Of This,correlates
R10778 T12604 T12605 arg1Of correlates,with
R10779 T12608 T12605 arg2Of expression,with
R10780 T12608 T12606 arg1Of expression,the
R10781 T12608 T12607 arg1Of expression,higher
R10782 T12608 T12609 arg1Of expression,of
R10783 T12610 T12609 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R10784 T12610 T12611 arg2Of ICAM-1,induced
R10785 T12611 T12617 arg1Of induced,","
R10786 T12611 T12618 modOf induced,suggesting
R10787 T12616 T12611 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R10788 T12616 T12612 arg2Of dCGN,by
R10789 T12616 T12613 arg1Of dCGN,the
R10790 T12616 T12614 arg1Of dCGN,40
R10791 T12616 T12615 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R10792 T12623 T12620 arg1Of CGN,the
R10793 T12623 T12621 arg1Of CGN,partially
R10794 T12623 T12622 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R10795 T12623 T12624 arg1Of CGN,is
R10796 T12623 T12627 arg1Of CGN,active
R10797 T12624 T12618 arg2Of is,suggesting
R10798 T12624 T12619 arg1Of is,that
R10799 T12626 T12625 arg1Of biologically,more
R10800 T12627 T12624 arg2Of active,is
R10801 T12627 T12626 arg1Of active,biologically
R10802 T12629 T12628 arg2Of addition,In
R10803 T12633 T12631 arg1Of aggregates,the
R10804 T12633 T12632 arg1Of aggregates,cell
R10805 T12633 T12634 arg1Of aggregates,are
R10806 T12633 T12635 arg1Of aggregates,reminiscent
R10807 T12634 T12628 arg1Of are,In
R10808 T12634 T12630 arg1Of are,","
R10809 T12635 T12634 arg2Of reminiscent,are
R10810 T12635 T12636 arg1Of reminiscent,of
R10811 T12638 T12636 arg2Of aggregates,of
R10812 T12638 T12637 arg1Of aggregates,monocyte
R10813 T12638 T12639 arg1Of aggregates,","
R10814 T12638 T12640 arg1Of aggregates,which
R10815 T12638 T12641 arg1Of aggregates,form
R10816 T12644 T12641 arg2Of cells,form
R10817 T12644 T12642 arg1Of cells,multinucleated
R10818 T12644 T12643 arg1Of cells,giant
R10819 T12644 T12645 arg1Of cells,(
R10820 T12644 T12648 arg1Of cells,in
R10821 T12646 T12645 arg2Of MGC,(
R10822 T12647 T12645 arg3Of ),(
R10823 T12649 T12648 arg2Of patients,in
R10824 T12649 T12650 arg1Of patients,with
R10825 T12652 T12650 arg2Of 's,with
R10826 T12652 T12651 arg1Of 's,Crohn
R10827 T12652 T12653 arg1Of 's,disease
R10828 T12652 T12654 arg1Of 's,[
R10829 T12655 T12654 arg2Of 42,[
R10830 T12656 T12654 arg3Of ],[
R10831 T12659 T12657 arg1Of cells,These
R10832 T12659 T12658 arg1Of cells,giant
R10833 T12659 T12660 arg1Of cells,were
R10834 T12659 T12662 arg2Of cells,observed
R10835 T12662 T12660 arg2Of observed,were
R10836 T12662 T12661 arg1Of observed,not
R10837 T12662 T12663 arg1Of observed,in
R10838 T12662 T12667 arg1Of observed,in
R10839 T12663 T12666 arg1Of in,or
R10840 T12665 T12663 arg2Of individuals,in
R10841 T12665 T12664 arg1Of individuals,healthy
R10842 T12667 T12666 arg2Of in,or
R10843 T12668 T12667 arg2Of patients,in
R10844 T12668 T12669 arg1Of patients,with
R10845 T12671 T12669 arg2Of colitis,with
R10846 T12671 T12670 arg1Of colitis,ulcerative
R10847 T12671 T12672 arg1Of colitis,[
R10848 T12673 T12672 arg2Of 42,[
R10849 T12674 T12672 arg3Of ],[
R10850 T12679 T12677 arg2Of levels,increased
R10851 T12679 T12678 arg1Of levels,expression
R10852 T12679 T12680 arg1Of levels,of
R10853 T12679 T12687 arg1Of levels,were
R10854 T12679 T12689 arg2Of levels,detected
R10855 T12681 T12682 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R10856 T12682 T12680 arg2Of and,of
R10857 T12682 T12684 arg1Of and,(
R10858 T12683 T12682 arg2Of LFA-3,and
R10859 T12685 T12684 arg2Of CD58,(
R10860 T12686 T12684 arg3Of ),(
R10861 T12689 T12675 arg1Of detected,Moreover
R10862 T12689 T12676 arg1Of detected,","
R10863 T12689 T12687 arg2Of detected,were
R10864 T12689 T12688 arg1Of detected,also
R10865 T12689 T12690 arg1Of detected,in
R10866 T12689 T12698 arg1Of detected,[
R10867 T12689 T12701 arg1Of detected,","
R10868 T12689 T12702 arg1Of detected,[
R10869 T12691 T12690 arg2Of monocytes,in
R10870 T12691 T12692 arg1Of monocytes,from
R10871 T12693 T12692 arg2Of patients,from
R10872 T12693 T12694 arg1Of patients,with
R10873 T12696 T12694 arg2Of 's,with
R10874 T12696 T12695 arg1Of 's,Crohn
R10875 T12696 T12697 arg1Of 's,disease
R10876 T12699 T12698 arg2Of 43,[
R10877 T12700 T12698 arg3Of ],[
R10878 T12703 T12702 arg2Of 44,[
R10879 T12704 T12702 arg3Of ],[
R10880 T12708 T12707 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R10881 T12708 T12710 arg1Of CGN,can
R10882 T12708 T12711 arg1Of CGN,activate
R10883 T12711 T12705 arg1Of activate,Thus
R10884 T12711 T12706 arg1Of activate,","
R10885 T12711 T12709 arg1Of activate,clearly
R10886 T12711 T12710 arg2Of activate,can
R10887 T12711 T12746 arg1Of activate,","
R10888 T12711 T12747 arg1Of activate,[
R10889 T12712 T12711 arg2Of monocytes,activate
R10890 T12712 T12713 modOf monocytes,to
R10891 T12712 T12736 arg1Of monocytes,","
R10892 T12714 T12713 arg1Of express,to
R10893 T12714 T12722 arg1Of express,","
R10894 T12717 T12714 arg2Of number,express
R10895 T12717 T12715 arg1Of number,an
R10896 T12717 T12716 arg2Of number,increased
R10897 T12717 T12718 arg1Of number,of
R10898 T12721 T12718 arg2Of molecules,of
R10899 T12721 T12719 arg1Of molecules,ICAM-1
R10900 T12721 T12720 arg1Of molecules,adhesion
R10901 T12724 T12714 arg3Of being,express
R10902 T12724 T12723 arg1Of being,therefore
R10903 T12725 T12724 arg2Of capable,being
R10904 T12725 T12726 arg1Of capable,of
R10905 T12725 T12731 arg1Of capable,of
R10906 T12727 T12726 arg2Of creating,of
R10907 T12729 T12727 arg2Of conditions,creating
R10908 T12729 T12728 arg1Of conditions,the
R10909 T12729 T12730 arg1Of conditions,characteristic
R10910 T12733 T12731 arg2Of 's,of
R10911 T12733 T12732 arg1Of 's,Crohn
R10912 T12733 T12734 arg1Of 's,disease
R10913 T12733 T12735 arg1Of 's,symptomatology
R10914 T12739 T12737 arg1Of accumulation,i.e.
R10915 T12739 T12738 arg1Of accumulation,PBM
R10916 T12739 T12740 arg1Of accumulation,and
R10917 T12740 T12736 arg2Of and,","
R10918 T12742 T12740 arg2Of formation,and
R10919 T12742 T12741 arg1Of formation,MGC
R10920 T12742 T12743 arg1Of formation,[
R10921 T12744 T12743 arg2Of 45,[
R10922 T12745 T12743 arg3Of ],[
R10923 T12748 T12747 arg2Of 46,[
R10924 T12749 T12747 arg3Of ],[
R10925 T12752 T12750 arg1Of pathway,The
R10926 T12752 T12751 arg1Of pathway,NF-κB
R10927 T12752 T12753 arg1Of pathway,regulates
R10928 T12754 T12753 arg2Of genes,regulates
R10929 T12754 T12755 arg1Of genes,responsible
R10930 T12755 T12756 arg1Of responsible,for
R10931 T12757 T12758 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R10932 T12758 T12756 arg2Of and,for
R10933 T12760 T12758 arg2Of expression,and
R10934 T12760 T12759 arg1Of expression,TNF-α
R10935 T12762 T12761 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R10936 T12762 T12763 arg1Of activation,is
R10937 T12762 T12764 arg2Of activation,associated
R10938 T12764 T12763 arg2Of associated,is
R10939 T12764 T12765 arg1Of associated,with
R10940 T12767 T12765 arg2Of degradation,with
R10941 T12767 T12766 arg1Of degradation,the
R10942 T12767 T12768 arg1Of degradation,of
R10943 T12772 T12768 arg2Of IκB,of
R10944 T12772 T12769 arg1Of IκB,the
R10945 T12772 T12770 arg1Of IκB,inhibitor
R10946 T12772 T12771 arg1Of IκB,protein
R10947 T12772 T12773 arg1Of IκB,[
R10948 T12774 T12773 arg2Of 47,[
R10949 T12775 T12773 arg3Of ],[
R10950 T12778 T12779 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R10951 T12779 T12776 arg1Of induced,Indeed
R10952 T12779 T12777 arg1Of induced,","
R10953 T12779 T12782 arg1Of induced,as
R10954 T12781 T12779 arg2Of activation,induced
R10955 T12781 T12780 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R10956 T12783 T12782 arg2Of shown,as
R10957 T12785 T12783 arg1Of degradation,shown
R10958 T12785 T12784 arg2Of degradation,by
R10959 T12785 T12786 arg1Of degradation,of
R10960 T12785 T12799 arg1Of degradation,by
R10961 T12786 T12798 arg1Of of,and
R10962 T12787 T12788 arg1Of IκBα,","
R10963 T12788 T12786 arg2Of ",",of
R10964 T12789 T12788 arg2Of translocation,","
R10965 T12789 T12790 arg1Of translocation,of
R10966 T12789 T12795 arg1Of translocation,to
R10967 T12791 T12792 arg1Of p65,and
R10968 T12793 T12792 arg2Of p50,and
R10969 T12794 T12790 arg2Of sub-units,of
R10970 T12794 T12791 arg1Of sub-units,p65
R10971 T12794 T12793 arg1Of sub-units,p50
R10972 T12797 T12795 arg2Of nucleus,to
R10973 T12797 T12796 arg1Of nucleus,the
R10974 T12799 T12798 arg2Of by,and
R10975 T12800 T12799 arg2Of activation,by
R10976 T12800 T12801 arg1Of activation,of
R10977 T12806 T12801 arg2Of plasmid,of
R10978 T12806 T12802 arg1Of plasmid,an
R10979 T12806 T12803 arg1Of plasmid,NF-κB-responsive
R10980 T12806 T12804 arg1Of plasmid,luciferase
R10981 T12806 T12805 arg1Of plasmid,reporter
R10982 T12811 T12809 arg1Of activation,a
R10983 T12811 T12810 arg1Of activation,stronger
R10984 T12811 T12812 arg1Of activation,of
R10985 T12811 T12814 arg1Of activation,was
R10986 T12811 T12815 arg2Of activation,induced
R10987 T12813 T12812 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R10988 T12815 T12807 arg1Of induced,Again
R10989 T12815 T12808 arg1Of induced,","
R10990 T12815 T12814 arg2Of induced,was
R10991 T12815 T12821 arg1Of induced,compared
R10992 T12815 T12826 arg1Of induced,","
R10993 T12820 T12815 arg1Of dCGN,induced
R10994 T12820 T12816 arg2Of dCGN,by
R10995 T12820 T12817 arg1Of dCGN,the
R10996 T12820 T12818 arg1Of dCGN,40
R10997 T12820 T12819 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R10998 T12822 T12821 arg2Of to,compared
R10999 T12825 T12822 arg2Of dCGN,to
R11000 T12825 T12823 arg1Of dCGN,10
R11001 T12825 T12824 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R11002 T12827 T12815 arg3Of suggesting,induced
R11003 T12832 T12829 arg1Of CGN,the
R11004 T12832 T12830 arg1Of CGN,partially
R11005 T12832 T12831 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R11006 T12832 T12833 arg1Of CGN,is
R11007 T12832 T12836 arg1Of CGN,active
R11008 T12833 T12827 arg2Of is,suggesting
R11009 T12833 T12828 arg1Of is,that
R11010 T12835 T12834 arg1Of biologically,more
R11011 T12836 T12833 arg2Of active,is
R11012 T12836 T12835 arg1Of active,biologically
R11013 T12838 T12837 arg1Of data,Our
R11014 T12838 T12839 arg1Of data,are
R11015 T12838 T12840 arg1Of data,in
R11016 T12840 T12839 arg2Of in,are
R11017 T12841 T12840 arg2Of agreement,in
R11018 T12841 T12842 arg1Of agreement,with
R11019 T12845 T12842 arg2Of study,with
R11020 T12845 T12843 arg1Of study,a
R11021 T12845 T12844 arg1Of study,previous
R11022 T12845 T12846 arg1Of study,showing
R11023 T12849 T12848 arg1Of CGN,native
R11024 T12849 T12851 arg1Of CGN,induced
R11025 T12851 T12846 arg2Of induced,showing
R11026 T12851 T12847 arg1Of induced,that
R11027 T12851 T12850 arg1Of induced,also
R11028 T12851 T12855 arg1Of induced,in
R11029 T12852 T12851 arg2Of activation,induced
R11030 T12852 T12853 arg1Of activation,of
R11031 T12854 T12853 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R11032 T12859 T12855 arg2Of cells,in
R11033 T12859 T12856 arg1Of cells,human
R11034 T12859 T12857 arg1Of cells,colonic
R11035 T12859 T12858 arg1Of cells,epithelial
R11036 T12859 T12860 arg1Of cells,[
R11037 T12861 T12860 arg2Of 48,[
R11038 T12862 T12860 arg3Of ],[
R11039 T12864 T12863 arg1Of pathway,NF-κB
R11040 T12864 T12865 arg1Of pathway,is
R11041 T12864 T12867 arg2Of pathway,associated
R11042 T12867 T12865 arg2Of associated,is
R11043 T12867 T12866 arg1Of associated,often
R11044 T12867 T12868 modOf associated,to
R11045 T12867 T12876 arg1Of associated,","
R11046 T12869 T12868 arg1Of promote,to
R11047 T12871 T12870 arg1Of survival,cell
R11048 T12871 T12872 arg1Of survival,and
R11049 T12872 T12869 arg2Of and,promote
R11050 T12875 T12872 arg2Of growth,and
R11051 T12875 T12873 arg1Of growth,cancer
R11052 T12875 T12874 arg1Of growth,cell
R11053 T12878 T12879 arg1Of it,has
R11054 T12878 T12880 arg1Of it,been
R11055 T12878 T12882 arg2Of it,reported
R11056 T12878 T12884 arg1Of it,behave
R11057 T12878 T12890 arg1Of it,arresting
R11058 T12882 T12876 arg2Of reported,","
R11059 T12882 T12877 arg1Of reported,however
R11060 T12882 T12879 arg2Of reported,has
R11061 T12882 T12880 arg2Of reported,been
R11062 T12882 T12881 arg1Of reported,sometimes
R11063 T12884 T12882 arg3Of behave,reported
R11064 T12884 T12883 arg1Of behave,to
R11065 T12884 T12885 arg1Of behave,as
R11066 T12884 T12889 arg1Of behave,","
R11067 T12884 T12890 modOf behave,arresting
R11068 T12888 T12885 arg2Of suppressor,as
R11069 T12888 T12886 arg1Of suppressor,a
R11070 T12888 T12887 arg1Of suppressor,tumor
R11071 T12892 T12890 arg2Of proliferation,arresting
R11072 T12892 T12891 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R11073 T12892 T12893 arg1Of proliferation,[
R11074 T12894 T12893 arg2Of 49,[
R11075 T12895 T12893 arg3Of ],[
R11076 T12897 T12896 arg1Of relationship,Such
R11077 T12897 T12898 arg1Of relationship,between
R11078 T12897 T12905 arg1Of relationship,has
R11079 T12897 T12906 arg1Of relationship,been
R11080 T12897 T12907 arg2Of relationship,reported
R11081 T12900 T12899 arg1Of activation,NF-kB
R11082 T12900 T12901 arg1Of activation,and
R11083 T12901 T12898 arg2Of and,between
R11084 T12904 T12901 arg2Of regulation,and
R11085 T12904 T12902 arg1Of regulation,cell
R11086 T12904 T12903 arg1Of regulation,cycle
R11087 T12907 T12905 arg2Of reported,has
R11088 T12907 T12906 arg2Of reported,been
R11089 T12907 T12908 arg1Of reported,in
R11090 T12912 T12908 arg2Of cells,in
R11091 T12912 T12909 arg1Of cells,normal
R11092 T12912 T12910 arg1Of cells,human
R11093 T12912 T12911 arg1Of cells,epidermal
R11094 T12912 T12913 arg1Of cells,[
R11095 T12914 T12913 arg2Of 50,[
R11096 T12915 T12913 arg3Of ],[
R11097 T12918 T12919 arg1Of it,has
R11098 T12918 T12920 arg1Of it,been
R11099 T12918 T12921 arg2Of it,shown
R11100 T12921 T12916 arg1Of shown,Indeed
R11101 T12921 T12917 arg1Of shown,","
R11102 T12921 T12919 arg2Of shown,has
R11103 T12921 T12920 arg2Of shown,been
R11104 T12924 T12923 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R11105 T12924 T12925 arg1Of activation,suppressed
R11106 T12925 T12921 arg3Of suppressed,shown
R11107 T12925 T12922 arg1Of suppressed,that
R11108 T12927 T12925 arg2Of expression,suppressed
R11109 T12927 T12926 arg1Of expression,cdk4
R11110 T12927 T12928 arg1Of expression,","
R11111 T12927 T12929 arg1Of expression,which
R11112 T12927 T12930 arg1Of expression,is
R11113 T12927 T12931 arg1Of expression,necessary
R11114 T12931 T12930 arg2Of necessary,is
R11115 T12931 T12932 arg1Of necessary,for
R11116 T12934 T12932 arg2Of transition,for
R11117 T12934 T12933 arg1Of transition,the
R11118 T12934 T12935 arg1Of transition,to
R11119 T12937 T12935 arg2Of phase,to
R11120 T12937 T12936 arg1Of phase,S
R11121 T12941 T12940 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R11122 T12941 T12942 arg1Of activation,was
R11123 T12941 T12943 arg2Of activation,reported
R11124 T12941 T12945 arg1Of activation,induce
R11125 T12943 T12938 arg1Of reported,Finally
R11126 T12943 T12939 arg1Of reported,","
R11127 T12943 T12942 arg2Of reported,was
R11128 T12945 T12943 arg3Of induce,reported
R11129 T12945 T12944 arg1Of induce,to
R11130 T12947 T12945 arg2Of arrest,induce
R11131 T12947 T12946 arg1Of arrest,growth
R11132 T12947 T12948 arg1Of arrest,in
R11133 T12947 T12952 arg1Of arrest,by
R11134 T12951 T12948 arg2Of keratinocytes,in
R11135 T12951 T12949 arg1Of keratinocytes,normal
R11136 T12951 T12950 arg1Of keratinocytes,human
R11137 T12954 T12952 arg2Of mechanims,by
R11138 T12954 T12953 arg1Of mechanims,a
R11139 T12954 T12955 arg1Of mechanims,involving
R11140 T12955 T12960 arg1Of involving,[
R11141 T12959 T12955 arg2Of p21,involving
R11142 T12959 T12956 arg1Of p21,the
R11143 T12959 T12957 arg1Of p21,cdk
R11144 T12959 T12958 arg1Of p21,inhibitor
R11145 T12961 T12960 arg2Of 51,[
R11146 T12962 T12960 arg3Of ],[
R11147 T12964 T12963 arg1Of effects,The
R11148 T12964 T12965 arg1Of effects,of
R11149 T12964 T12967 arg1Of effects,on
R11150 T12964 T12972 arg1Of effects,remain
R11151 T12964 T12974 arg1Of effects,be
R11152 T12964 T12975 arg2Of effects,studied
R11153 T12966 T12965 arg2Of dCGN,of
R11154 T12968 T12969 arg1Of p21,and
R11155 T12970 T12969 arg2Of cdk4,and
R11156 T12971 T12967 arg2Of expression,on
R11157 T12971 T12968 arg1Of expression,p21
R11158 T12971 T12970 arg1Of expression,cdk4
R11159 T12975 T12972 arg2Of studied,remain
R11160 T12975 T12973 arg1Of studied,to
R11161 T12975 T12974 arg2Of studied,be
R11162 T12978 T12976 arg2Of studies,In
R11163 T12978 T12977 arg1Of studies,these
R11164 T12980 T12981 arg1Of we,have
R11165 T12980 T12982 arg1Of we,demonstrated
R11166 T12982 T12976 arg1Of demonstrated,In
R11167 T12982 T12979 arg1Of demonstrated,","
R11168 T12982 T12981 arg2Of demonstrated,have
R11169 T12985 T12982 arg2Of action,demonstrated
R11170 T12985 T12983 arg1Of action,a
R11171 T12985 T12984 arg1Of action,direct
R11172 T12985 T12986 arg1Of action,of
R11173 T12985 T12988 arg1Of action,on
R11174 T12987 T12986 arg2Of dCGN,of
R11175 T12989 T12988 arg2Of monocytes,on
R11176 T12990 T12991 arg2Of Monocytes,exposed
R11177 T12990 T12994 arg1Of Monocytes,acquired
R11178 T12991 T12992 arg1Of exposed,to
R11179 T12993 T12992 arg2Of dCGN,to
R11180 T12997 T12994 arg2Of phenotype,acquired
R11181 T12997 T12995 arg1Of phenotype,an
R11182 T12997 T12996 arg1Of phenotype,inflammatory
R11183 T12997 T12998 arg1Of phenotype,that
R11184 T12997 T12999 arg1Of phenotype,included
R11185 T13001 T13000 arg1Of expression,higher
R11186 T13001 T13002 arg1Of expression,of
R11187 T13001 T13007 arg1Of expression,and
R11188 T13006 T13002 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R11189 T13006 T13003 arg1Of ICAM-1,the
R11190 T13006 T13004 arg1Of ICAM-1,adhesion
R11191 T13006 T13005 arg1Of ICAM-1,molecule
R11192 T13007 T12999 arg2Of and,included
R11193 T13007 T13010 arg1Of and,","
R11194 T13007 T13011 arg1Of and,via
R11195 T13009 T13007 arg2Of production,and
R11196 T13009 T13008 arg1Of production,TNF-α
R11197 T13014 T13011 arg2Of pathway,via
R11198 T13014 T13012 arg1Of pathway,the
R11199 T13014 T13013 arg1Of pathway,NF-κB
R11200 T13017 T13015 arg1Of expression,This
R11201 T13017 T13016 arg1Of expression,higher
R11202 T13017 T13018 arg1Of expression,of
R11203 T13017 T13020 arg1Of expression,resulted
R11204 T13019 T13018 arg2Of ICAM-1,of
R11205 T13020 T13021 arg1Of resulted,in
R11206 T13022 T13021 arg2Of formation,in
R11207 T13022 T13023 arg1Of formation,of
R11208 T13025 T13023 arg2Of aggregates,of
R11209 T13025 T13024 arg1Of aggregates,cell
R11210 T13025 T13026 arg1Of aggregates,similar
R11211 T13026 T13027 arg1Of similar,to
R11212 T13028 T13027 arg2Of those,to
R11213 T13028 T13029 arg2Of those,observed
R11214 T13029 T13030 arg1Of observed,in
R11215 T13031 T13030 arg2Of patients,in
R11216 T13031 T13032 arg1Of patients,with
R11217 T13034 T13032 arg2Of 's,with
R11218 T13034 T13033 arg1Of 's,Crohn
R11219 T13034 T13035 arg1Of 's,disease
R11220 T13036 T13037 arg1Of We,presume
R11221 T13041 T13039 arg1Of effects,the
R11222 T13041 T13040 arg1Of effects,differential
R11223 T13041 T13042 arg1Of effects,of
R11224 T13041 T13048 modOf effects,to
R11225 T13041 T13049 arg1Of effects,induce
R11226 T13041 T13054 arg1Of effects,are
R11227 T13041 T13056 arg2Of effects,linked
R11228 T13043 T13044 arg1Of 10,and
R11229 T13045 T13044 arg2Of 40,and
R11230 T13047 T13042 arg2Of dCGN,of
R11231 T13047 T13043 arg1Of dCGN,10
R11232 T13047 T13045 arg1Of dCGN,40
R11233 T13047 T13046 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R11234 T13049 T13048 arg1Of induce,to
R11235 T13051 T13049 arg2Of effects,induce
R11236 T13051 T13050 arg1Of effects,these
R11237 T13051 T13052 arg1Of effects,on
R11238 T13053 T13052 arg2Of monocytes,on
R11239 T13056 T13037 arg2Of linked,presume
R11240 T13056 T13038 arg1Of linked,that
R11241 T13056 T13054 arg2Of linked,are
R11242 T13056 T13055 arg1Of linked,tightly
R11243 T13056 T13057 arg1Of linked,to
R11244 T13059 T13057 arg2Of capacity,to
R11245 T13059 T13058 arg1Of capacity,their
R11246 T13059 T13060 modOf capacity,to
R11247 T13061 T13060 arg1Of induce,to
R11248 T13062 T13061 arg2Of inflammation,induce
R11249 T13062 T13064 arg1Of inflammation,vivo
R11250 T13064 T13063 arg1Of vivo,in
R11251 T13068 T13067 arg1Of vivo,in
R11252 T13070 T13071 arg1Of macrophages,do
R11253 T13070 T13073 arg1Of macrophages,come
R11254 T13070 T13082 arg1Of macrophages,are
R11255 T13070 T13083 arg2Of macrophages,separated
R11256 T13073 T13071 arg2Of come,do
R11257 T13073 T13072 arg1Of come,not
R11258 T13073 T13074 arg1Of come,in
R11259 T13073 T13081 arg1Of come,and
R11260 T13076 T13074 arg2Of contact,in
R11261 T13076 T13075 arg1Of contact,direct
R11262 T13076 T13077 arg1Of contact,with
R11263 T13080 T13077 arg2Of lumen,with
R11264 T13080 T13078 arg1Of lumen,the
R11265 T13080 T13079 arg1Of lumen,intestinal
R11266 T13081 T13065 arg1Of and,However
R11267 T13081 T13066 arg1Of and,","
R11268 T13081 T13068 arg1Of and,vivo
R11269 T13081 T13069 arg1Of and,","
R11270 T13083 T13081 arg2Of separated,and
R11271 T13083 T13082 arg2Of separated,are
R11272 T13087 T13083 arg1Of barrier,separated
R11273 T13087 T13084 arg2Of barrier,by
R11274 T13087 T13085 arg1Of barrier,the
R11275 T13087 T13086 arg1Of barrier,epithelial
R11276 T13089 T13088 arg1Of way,The
R11277 T13089 T13090 arg2Of way,by
R11278 T13089 T13091 arg1Of way,which
R11279 T13089 T13107 arg1Of way,is
R11280 T13092 T13093 arg1Of dCGN,may
R11281 T13092 T13094 arg1Of dCGN,leave
R11282 T13092 T13099 arg1Of dCGN,cross
R11283 T13094 T13098 arg1Of leave,and
R11284 T13097 T13094 arg2Of lumen,leave
R11285 T13097 T13095 arg1Of lumen,the
R11286 T13097 T13096 arg1Of lumen,intestinal
R11287 T13098 T13090 arg1Of and,by
R11288 T13098 T13093 arg2Of and,may
R11289 T13098 T13103 modOf and,to
R11290 T13099 T13098 arg2Of cross,and
R11291 T13102 T13099 arg2Of barrier,cross
R11292 T13102 T13100 arg1Of barrier,the
R11293 T13102 T13101 arg1Of barrier,epithelial
R11294 T13104 T13103 arg1Of reach,to
R11295 T13106 T13104 arg2Of macrophages,reach
R11296 T13106 T13105 arg1Of macrophages,the
R11297 T13111 T13107 arg2Of question,is
R11298 T13111 T13108 arg1Of question,an
R11299 T13111 T13109 arg1Of question,intriguing
R11300 T13111 T13110 arg1Of question,open
R11301 T13114 T13112 arg1Of explanation,One
R11302 T13114 T13113 arg1Of explanation,possible
R11303 T13114 T13115 arg1Of explanation,resides
R11304 T13115 T13116 arg1Of resides,in
R11305 T13118 T13116 arg2Of potential,in
R11306 T13118 T13117 arg1Of potential,the
R11307 T13118 T13119 arg1Of potential,of
R11308 T13120 T13119 arg2Of dCGN,of
R11309 T13122 T13115 arg2Of “induce”,resides
R11310 T13122 T13121 arg1Of “induce”,to
R11311 T13122 T13128 arg1Of “induce”,at
R11312 T13122 T13134 arg1Of “induce”,[
R11313 T13123 T13124 arg1Of cellular,and
R11314 T13126 T13124 arg2Of injurious,and
R11315 T13126 T13125 arg1Of injurious,paracellular
R11316 T13127 T13122 arg2Of effects,“induce”
R11317 T13127 T13123 arg1Of effects,cellular
R11318 T13127 T13126 arg1Of effects,injurious
R11319 T13133 T13128 arg2Of monolayer,at
R11320 T13133 T13129 arg1Of monolayer,the
R11321 T13133 T13130 arg1Of monolayer,intestinal
R11322 T13133 T13131 arg1Of monolayer,epithelial
R11323 T13133 T13132 arg1Of monolayer,cell
R11324 T13135 T13134 arg2Of 48,[
R11325 T13136 T13134 arg3Of ],[
R11326 T13138 T13137 arg2Of conclusion,In
R11327 T13140 T13141 arg1Of dCGN,inhibited
R11328 T13140 T13148 arg1Of dCGN,accumulating
R11329 T13140 T13160 arg1Of dCGN,increased
R11330 T13140 T13164 arg1Of dCGN,stimulated
R11331 T13140 T13172 arg1Of dCGN,stimulated
R11332 T13141 T13146 arg1Of inhibited,vitro
R11333 T13141 T13147 arg1Of inhibited,","
R11334 T13141 T13148 modOf inhibited,accumulating
R11335 T13141 T13159 arg1Of inhibited,","
R11336 T13144 T13141 arg2Of proliferation,inhibited
R11337 T13144 T13142 arg1Of proliferation,THP-1
R11338 T13144 T13143 arg1Of proliferation,cell
R11339 T13146 T13145 arg1Of vitro,in
R11340 T13150 T13148 arg2Of cells,accumulating
R11341 T13150 T13149 arg1Of cells,the
R11342 T13150 T13151 arg1Of cells,in
R11343 T13154 T13151 arg2Of phase,in
R11344 T13154 T13152 arg1Of phase,the
R11345 T13154 T13153 arg1Of phase,G1
R11346 T13154 T13155 arg1Of phase,of
R11347 T13158 T13155 arg2Of cycle,of
R11348 T13158 T13156 arg1Of cycle,the
R11349 T13158 T13157 arg1Of cycle,cell
R11350 T13159 T13163 arg1Of ",",","
R11351 T13160 T13159 arg2Of increased,","
R11352 T13162 T13160 arg2Of expression,increased
R11353 T13162 T13161 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R11354 T13163 T13171 arg1Of ",",and
R11355 T13164 T13163 arg2Of stimulated,","
R11356 T13164 T13169 arg1Of stimulated,vitro
R11357 T13167 T13164 arg2Of aggregation,stimulated
R11358 T13167 T13165 arg1Of aggregation,ICAM-1-dependent
R11359 T13167 T13166 arg1Of aggregation,monocyte
R11360 T13169 T13168 arg1Of vitro,in
R11361 T13171 T13137 arg1Of and,In
R11362 T13171 T13139 arg1Of and,","
R11363 T13171 T13170 arg1Of and,","
R11364 T13172 T13171 arg2Of stimulated,and
R11365 T13174 T13175 arg1Of expression,and
R11366 T13175 T13172 arg2Of and,stimulated
R11367 T13175 T13173 arg1Of and,TNF-α
R11368 T13176 T13175 arg2Of secretion,and
R11369 T13178 T13177 arg1Of responses,These
R11370 T13178 T13179 arg1Of responses,were
R11371 T13178 T13181 arg1Of responses,pronounced
R11372 T13178 T13188 arg1Of responses,were
R11373 T13178 T13190 arg2Of responses,linked
R11374 T13179 T13182 arg1Of were,following
R11375 T13179 T13187 arg1Of were,and
R11376 T13181 T13179 arg2Of pronounced,were
R11377 T13181 T13180 arg1Of pronounced,more
R11378 T13185 T13182 arg2Of dCGN,following
R11379 T13185 T13183 arg1Of dCGN,40
R11380 T13185 T13184 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R11381 T13187 T13186 arg1Of and,","
R11382 T13190 T13187 arg2Of linked,and
R11383 T13190 T13188 arg2Of linked,were
R11384 T13190 T13189 arg1Of linked,all
R11385 T13190 T13191 arg1Of linked,to
R11386 T13193 T13191 arg2Of activation,to
R11387 T13193 T13192 arg1Of activation,NF-κB
R11388 T13195 T13194 arg1Of results,These
R11389 T13195 T13196 arg1Of results,suggest
R11390 T13200 T13201 arg1Of CGN,is
R11391 T13200 T13203 arg2Of CGN,used
R11392 T13203 T13199 arg2Of used,although
R11393 T13203 T13201 arg2Of used,is
R11394 T13203 T13202 arg1Of used,widely
R11395 T13203 T13204 arg1Of used,as
R11396 T13206 T13204 arg2Of food,as
R11397 T13206 T13205 arg1Of food,a
R11398 T13206 T13207 arg1Of food,additive
R11399 T13211 T13209 arg1Of forms,its
R11400 T13211 T13210 arg1Of forms,degraded
R11401 T13211 T13212 arg1Of forms,have
R11402 T13212 T13196 arg2Of have,suggest
R11403 T13212 T13197 arg1Of have,that
R11404 T13212 T13198 arg1Of have,","
R11405 T13212 T13199 arg1Of have,although
R11406 T13212 T13208 arg1Of have,","
R11407 T13215 T13212 arg2Of effect,have
R11408 T13215 T13213 arg1Of effect,an
R11409 T13215 T13214 arg1Of effect,important
R11410 T13215 T13216 arg1Of effect,on
R11411 T13217 T13216 arg2Of monocytes,on
R11412 T13217 T13218 arg1Of monocytes,characteristic
R11413 T13218 T13219 arg1Of characteristic,of
R11414 T13222 T13219 arg2Of phenotype,of
R11415 T13222 T13220 arg1Of phenotype,an
R11416 T13222 T13221 arg1Of phenotype,inflammatory
R13350 T15572 T15571 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R13351 T15572 T15573 arg1Of CGN,induced
R13352 T15575 T15573 arg2Of inflammation,induced
R13353 T15575 T15574 arg1Of inflammation,colon
R13354 T15575 T15576 arg1Of inflammation,in
R13355 T15577 T15576 arg2Of rats,in
R13356 T15578 T15579 arg1Of Histograms,showing
R13357 T15578 T15592 arg1Of Histograms,;
R13358 T15581 T15579 arg2Of effect,showing
R13359 T15581 T15580 arg1Of effect,the
R13360 T15581 T15582 arg1Of effect,of
R13361 T15581 T15585 arg1Of effect,on
R13362 T15584 T15582 arg2Of CGN,of
R13363 T15584 T15583 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R13364 T15585 T15586 arg1Of on,:
R13365 T15588 T15585 arg2Of length,on
R13366 T15588 T15587 arg1Of length,colon
R13367 T15588 T15589 arg1Of length,(
R13368 T15590 T15589 arg2Of A,(
R13369 T15591 T15589 arg3Of ),(
R13370 T15593 T15594 arg1Of macroscopic,(
R13371 T15593 T15597 arg1Of macroscopic,and
R13372 T15595 T15594 arg2Of B,(
R13373 T15596 T15594 arg3Of ),(
R13374 T15597 T15592 arg2Of and,;
R13375 T15600 T15599 arg2Of C,(
R13376 T15601 T15599 arg3Of ),(
R13377 T15603 T15598 arg1Of score,histological
R13378 T15603 T15599 arg1Of score,(
R13379 T15603 T15602 arg1Of score,inflammation
R13380 T15603 T15604 arg1Of score,of
R13381 T15603 T15606 arg1Of score,;
R13382 T15605 T15604 arg2Of colon,of
R13383 T15606 T15597 arg2Of ;,and
R13384 T15609 T15608 arg2Of MPO,(
R13385 T15610 T15608 arg3Of ),(
R13386 T15611 T15606 arg2Of activity,;
R13387 T15611 T15607 arg1Of activity,Myeloperoxidase
R13388 T15611 T15608 arg1Of activity,(
R13389 T15611 T15612 arg1Of activity,(
R13390 T15613 T15612 arg2Of D,(
R13391 T15614 T15612 arg3Of ),(
R13392 T15616 T15615 arg1Of rats,Control
R13393 T15616 T15617 arg1Of rats,(
R13394 T15616 T15621 arg1Of rats,;
R13395 T15619 T15617 arg2Of bars,(
R13396 T15619 T15618 arg1Of bars,white
R13397 T15620 T15617 arg3Of ),(
R13398 T15621 T15624 arg1Of ;,degraded
R13399 T15623 T15621 arg2Of kDa,;
R13400 T15623 T15622 arg1Of kDa,10
R13401 T15624 T15631 arg1Of degraded,;
R13402 T15626 T15624 arg2Of rats,degraded
R13403 T15626 T15625 arg1Of rats,CGN-treated
R13404 T15626 T15627 arg1Of rats,(
R13405 T15629 T15627 arg2Of bars,(
R13406 T15629 T15628 arg1Of bars,grey
R13407 T15630 T15627 arg3Of ),(
R13408 T15633 T15632 arg1Of kDa,40
R13409 T15633 T15634 arg1Of kDa,degraded
R13410 T15634 T15631 arg2Of degraded,;
R13411 T15636 T15634 arg2Of rats,degraded
R13412 T15636 T15635 arg1Of rats,CGN-treated
R13413 T15636 T15637 arg1Of rats,(
R13414 T15639 T15637 arg2Of bars,(
R13415 T15639 T15638 arg1Of bars,black
R13416 T15640 T15637 arg3Of ),(
R13417 T15642 T15634 arg3Of *,degraded
R13418 T15642 T15641 arg1Of *,.
R13419 T15642 T15643 arg1Of *,p
R13420 T15642 T15649 arg1Of *,*
R13421 T15644 T15645 arg1Of <0.0,5 fr
R13422 T15648 T15645 arg2Of .,5 fr
R13423 T15648 T15646 arg1Of .,om contr
R13424 T15648 T15647 arg1Of .,ol
R13425 T15649 T15644 arg1Of *,<0.0
R13426 T15649 T15650 arg1Of *,* p<
R13427 T15649 T15651 arg1Of *,0.01
R13428 T15652 T15651 arg2Of from co,0.01
R13429 T15654 T15653 arg1Of analysis,Histological
R13430 T15654 T15655 arg1Of analysis,of
R13431 T15654 T15657 arg1Of analysis,from
R13432 T15654 T15665 arg1Of analysis,from
R13433 T15656 T15655 arg2Of colon,of
R13434 T15657 T15664 arg1Of from,and
R13435 T15659 T15657 arg2Of rats,from
R13436 T15659 T15658 arg1Of rats,control
R13437 T15659 T15660 arg1Of rats,(
R13438 T15661 T15660 arg2Of E,(
R13439 T15662 T15660 arg3Of ),(
R13440 T15664 T15663 arg1Of and,","
R13441 T15665 T15664 arg2Of from,and
R13442 T15669 T15665 arg2Of rats,from
R13443 T15669 T15666 arg1Of rats,40
R13444 T15669 T15667 arg1Of rats,kDa
R13445 T15669 T15668 arg1Of rats,dCGN-treated
R13446 T15669 T15670 arg1Of rats,(
R13447 T15671 T15670 arg2Of F,(
R13448 T15672 T15670 arg3Of ),(
R13590 T15868 T15867 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R13591 T15868 T15869 arg1Of CGN,stimulated
R13592 T15871 T15869 arg2Of secretion,stimulated
R13593 T15871 T15870 arg1Of secretion,TNF
R13594 T15871 T15872 arg1Of secretion,from
R13595 T15873 T15872 arg2Of monocytes,from
R13596 T15874 T15875 arg1Of Levels,of
R13597 T15874 T15877 arg2Of Levels,released
R13598 T15876 T15875 arg2Of TNF,of
R13599 T15877 T15878 arg1Of released,from
R13600 T15881 T15879 arg1Of monocytes,peripheral
R13601 T15881 T15880 arg1Of monocytes,blood
R13602 T15881 T15882 arg1Of monocytes,(
R13603 T15881 T15885 arg1Of monocytes,and
R13604 T15883 T15882 arg2Of A–B,(
R13605 T15884 T15882 arg3Of ),(
R13606 T15885 T15878 arg2Of and,from
R13607 T15885 T15891 arg1Of and,after
R13608 T15887 T15885 arg2Of cells,and
R13609 T15887 T15886 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R13610 T15887 T15888 arg1Of cells,(
R13611 T15889 T15888 arg2Of C–D,(
R13612 T15890 T15888 arg3Of ),(
R13613 T15892 T15891 arg2Of stimulation,after
R13614 T15892 T15893 arg1Of stimulation,with
R13615 T15894 T15893 arg2Of dCGN,with
R13616 T15898 T15895 arg1Of release,A
R13617 T15898 T15896 arg1Of release,:
R13618 T15898 T15897 arg1Of release,TNF
R13619 T15898 T15899 arg2Of release,induced
R13620 T15902 T15901 arg1Of CGN,native
R13621 T15902 T15903 arg1Of CGN,(
R13622 T15902 T15907 arg1Of CGN,","
R13623 T15905 T15903 arg2Of bars,(
R13624 T15905 T15904 arg1Of bars,open
R13625 T15906 T15903 arg3Of ),(
R13626 T15907 T15916 arg1Of ",",or
R13627 T15910 T15907 arg2Of dCGN,","
R13628 T15910 T15908 arg1Of dCGN,10
R13629 T15910 T15909 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13630 T15910 T15911 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13631 T15913 T15911 arg2Of bars,(
R13632 T15913 T15912 arg1Of bars,grey
R13633 T15914 T15911 arg3Of ),(
R13634 T15916 T15899 arg1Of or,induced
R13635 T15916 T15900 arg2Of or,by
R13636 T15916 T15915 arg1Of or,","
R13637 T15919 T15916 arg2Of dCGN,or
R13638 T15919 T15917 arg1Of dCGN,40
R13639 T15919 T15918 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13640 T15919 T15920 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13641 T15922 T15920 arg2Of bars,(
R13642 T15922 T15921 arg1Of bars,black
R13643 T15923 T15920 arg3Of ),(
R13644 T15924 T15925 arg1Of B,:
R13645 T15926 T15927 arg1Of Kinetics,of
R13646 T15926 T15949 arg1Of Kinetics,","
R13647 T15929 T15927 arg2Of release,of
R13648 T15929 T15928 arg1Of release,TNF
R13649 T15929 T15930 arg2Of release,induced
R13650 T15932 T15933 arg1Of nothing,(
R13651 T15932 T15939 arg1Of nothing,","
R13652 T15934 T15935 arg1Of control,;
R13653 T15935 T15933 arg2Of ;,(
R13654 T15937 T15935 arg2Of diamonds,;
R13655 T15937 T15936 arg1Of diamonds,black
R13656 T15938 T15933 arg3Of ),(
R13657 T15939 T15930 arg1Of ",",induced
R13658 T15939 T15931 arg2Of ",",by
R13659 T15944 T15939 arg2Of dCGN,","
R13660 T15944 T15940 arg1Of dCGN,0.1
R13661 T15944 T15941 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R13662 T15944 T15942 arg1Of dCGN,10
R13663 T15944 T15943 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13664 T15944 T15945 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13665 T15947 T15945 arg2Of triangles,(
R13666 T15947 T15946 arg1Of triangles,black
R13667 T15948 T15945 arg3Of ),(
R13668 T15949 T15960 arg1Of ",",or
R13669 T15954 T15949 arg2Of dCGN,","
R13670 T15954 T15950 arg1Of dCGN,0.1
R13671 T15954 T15951 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R13672 T15954 T15952 arg1Of dCGN,40
R13673 T15954 T15953 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13674 T15954 T15955 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13675 T15957 T15955 arg2Of squares,(
R13676 T15957 T15956 arg1Of squares,black
R13677 T15958 T15955 arg3Of ),(
R13678 T15960 T15959 arg1Of or,","
R13679 T15963 T15960 arg2Of LPS,or
R13680 T15963 T15961 arg1Of LPS,10
R13681 T15963 T15962 arg1Of LPS,µg/ml
R13682 T15963 T15964 arg1Of LPS,(
R13683 T15966 T15964 arg2Of squares,(
R13684 T15966 T15965 arg1Of squares,open
R13685 T15967 T15964 arg3Of ),(
R13686 T15968 T15969 arg1Of C,:
R13687 T15971 T15969 arg2Of release,:
R13688 T15971 T15970 arg1Of release,TNF
R13689 T15971 T15972 arg2Of release,induced
R13690 T15974 T15975 arg1Of nothing,(
R13691 T15974 T15981 arg1Of nothing,","
R13692 T15976 T15977 arg1Of control,;
R13693 T15977 T15975 arg2Of ;,(
R13694 T15979 T15977 arg2Of bars,;
R13695 T15979 T15978 arg1Of bars,open
R13696 T15980 T15975 arg3Of ),(
R13697 T15981 T15990 arg1Of ",",or
R13698 T15984 T15981 arg2Of LPS,","
R13699 T15984 T15982 arg1Of LPS,10
R13700 T15984 T15983 arg1Of LPS,µg/ml
R13701 T15984 T15985 arg1Of LPS,(
R13702 T15986 T15985 arg2Of hatched,(
R13703 T15987 T15986 arg3Of bars,hatched
R13704 T15988 T15985 arg3Of ),(
R13705 T15990 T15972 arg1Of or,induced
R13706 T15990 T15973 arg2Of or,by
R13707 T15990 T15989 arg1Of or,","
R13708 T15992 T15990 arg2Of concentrations,or
R13709 T15992 T15991 arg1Of concentrations,increasing
R13710 T15992 T15993 arg1Of concentrations,of
R13711 T15994 T15995 arg1Of 10,kDa
R13712 T15996 T15994 arg1Of dCGN,10
R13713 T15996 T15997 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13714 T15996 T16002 arg1Of dCGN,or
R13715 T15999 T15997 arg2Of bars,(
R13716 T15999 T15998 arg1Of bars,grey
R13717 T16000 T15997 arg3Of ),(
R13718 T16002 T15993 arg2Of or,of
R13719 T16002 T16001 arg1Of or,","
R13720 T16005 T16002 arg2Of dCGN,or
R13721 T16005 T16003 arg1Of dCGN,40
R13722 T16005 T16004 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13723 T16005 T16006 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13724 T16008 T16006 arg2Of bars,(
R13725 T16008 T16007 arg1Of bars,black
R13726 T16009 T16006 arg3Of ),(
R13727 T16010 T16011 arg1Of D,:
R13728 T16012 T16013 arg1Of Kinetics,of
R13729 T16012 T16035 arg1Of Kinetics,","
R13730 T16015 T16013 arg2Of release,of
R13731 T16015 T16014 arg1Of release,TNF
R13732 T16015 T16016 arg2Of release,induced
R13733 T16018 T16019 arg1Of nothing,(
R13734 T16018 T16025 arg1Of nothing,","
R13735 T16020 T16021 arg1Of control,;
R13736 T16021 T16019 arg2Of ;,(
R13737 T16023 T16021 arg2Of diamonds,;
R13738 T16023 T16022 arg1Of diamonds,black
R13739 T16024 T16019 arg3Of ),(
R13740 T16025 T16016 arg1Of ",",induced
R13741 T16025 T16017 arg2Of ",",by
R13742 T16030 T16025 arg2Of dCGN,","
R13743 T16030 T16026 arg1Of dCGN,0.1
R13744 T16030 T16027 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R13745 T16030 T16028 arg1Of dCGN,10
R13746 T16030 T16029 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13747 T16030 T16031 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13748 T16033 T16031 arg2Of triangles,(
R13749 T16033 T16032 arg1Of triangles,black
R13750 T16034 T16031 arg3Of ),(
R13751 T16035 T16046 arg1Of ",",or
R13752 T16040 T16035 arg2Of dCGN,","
R13753 T16040 T16036 arg1Of dCGN,0.1
R13754 T16040 T16037 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R13755 T16040 T16038 arg1Of dCGN,40
R13756 T16040 T16039 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R13757 T16040 T16041 arg1Of dCGN,(
R13758 T16043 T16041 arg2Of squares,(
R13759 T16043 T16042 arg1Of squares,black
R13760 T16044 T16041 arg3Of ),(
R13761 T16046 T16045 arg1Of or,","
R13762 T16049 T16046 arg2Of LPS,or
R13763 T16049 T16047 arg1Of LPS,10
R13764 T16049 T16048 arg1Of LPS,µg/ml
R13765 T16049 T16050 arg1Of LPS,(
R13766 T16052 T16050 arg2Of squares,(
R13767 T16052 T16051 arg1Of squares,open
R13768 T16053 T16050 arg3Of ),(
R14014 T16349 T16348 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R14015 T16349 T16350 arg1Of CGN,induced
R14020 T16354 T16350 arg2Of arrest,induced
R14024 T16359 T16360 arg1Of cells,in
R14025 T16359 T16364 arg1Of cells,were
R14026 T16359 T16365 arg2Of cells,incubated
R14027 T16359 T16377 arg1Of cells,being
R14028 T16359 T16378 arg2Of cells,stained
R14029 T16363 T16360 arg2Of phase,in
R14030 T16363 T16361 arg1Of phase,exponential
R14031 T16363 T16362 arg1Of phase,growth
R14032 T16365 T16364 arg2Of incubated,were
R14033 T16365 T16366 arg1Of incubated,in
R14034 T16365 T16376 arg1Of incubated,before
R14035 T16368 T16369 arg1Of presence,or
R14036 T16369 T16366 arg2Of or,in
R14037 T16369 T16367 arg1Of or,the
R14038 T16369 T16371 arg1Of or,of
R14039 T16369 T16373 arg1Of or,for
R14040 T16370 T16369 arg2Of absence,or
R14041 T16372 T16371 arg2Of carrageenan,of
R14042 T16375 T16373 arg2Of h,for
R14043 T16375 T16374 arg1Of h,24
R14044 T16378 T16376 arg2Of stained,before
R14045 T16378 T16377 arg2Of stained,being
R14046 T16378 T16379 arg1Of stained,with
R14047 T16381 T16379 arg2Of iodide,with
R14048 T16381 T16380 arg1Of iodide,propidium
R14049 T16384 T16382 arg1Of content,Cell
R14050 T16384 T16383 arg1Of content,DNA
R14051 T16384 T16385 arg1Of content,was
R14052 T16384 T16387 arg2Of content,analyzed
R14053 T16387 T16385 arg2Of analyzed,was
R14054 T16387 T16386 arg1Of analyzed,then
R14055 T16390 T16387 arg1Of cytometry,analyzed
R14056 T16390 T16388 arg2Of cytometry,by
R14057 T16390 T16389 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R14058 T16392 T16391 arg1Of :,A
R14059 T16393 T16394 arg1Of Histograms,of
R14060 T16393 T16411 arg1Of Histograms,or
R14061 T16395 T16396 arg2Of cells,treated
R14062 T16395 T16403 arg1Of cells,","
R14063 T16396 T16397 arg1Of treated,with
R14064 T16398 T16397 arg2Of medium,with
R14065 T16398 T16399 arg1Of medium,only
R14066 T16398 T16400 arg1Of medium,(
R14067 T16401 T16400 arg2Of control,(
R14068 T16402 T16400 arg3Of ),(
R14069 T16403 T16394 arg2Of ",",of
R14070 T16406 T16403 arg2Of dCGN,","
R14071 T16406 T16404 arg1Of dCGN,10
R14072 T16406 T16405 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14073 T16406 T16407 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14074 T16408 T16407 arg2Of C10,(
R14075 T16409 T16407 arg3Of ),(
R14076 T16411 T16410 arg1Of or,","
R14077 T16414 T16411 arg2Of dCGN,or
R14078 T16414 T16412 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14079 T16414 T16413 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14080 T16414 T16415 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14081 T16416 T16415 arg2Of C40,(
R14082 T16417 T16415 arg3Of ),(
R14083 T16418 T16419 arg1Of B,:
R14084 T16420 T16421 arg1Of Percentage,of
R14085 T16420 T16423 arg1Of Percentage,in
R14086 T16420 T16431 arg2Of Percentage,treated
R14087 T16420 T16462 arg1Of Percentage,Native
R14088 T16422 T16421 arg2Of cells,of
R14089 T16425 T16423 arg2Of phase,in
R14090 T16425 T16424 arg1Of phase,each
R14091 T16425 T16426 arg1Of phase,of
R14092 T16429 T16426 arg2Of cycle,of
R14093 T16429 T16427 arg1Of cycle,the
R14094 T16429 T16428 arg1Of cycle,cell
R14095 T16431 T16432 arg1Of treated,with
R14096 T16431 T16457 arg1Of treated,or
R14097 T16433 T16434 arg1Of medium,only
R14098 T16433 T16435 arg1Of medium,(
R14099 T16433 T16438 arg1Of medium,","
R14100 T16436 T16435 arg2Of control,(
R14101 T16437 T16435 arg3Of ),(
R14102 T16438 T16432 arg2Of ",",with
R14103 T16438 T16448 arg1Of ",",","
R14104 T16438 T16449 arg1Of ",",of
R14105 T16440 T16438 arg2Of concentrations,","
R14106 T16440 T16439 arg1Of concentrations,different
R14107 T16440 T16441 arg1Of concentrations,of
R14108 T16444 T16441 arg2Of dCGN,of
R14109 T16444 T16442 arg1Of dCGN,10
R14110 T16444 T16443 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14111 T16444 T16445 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14112 T16446 T16445 arg2Of C10,(
R14113 T16447 T16445 arg3Of ),(
R14114 T16452 T16449 arg2Of dCGN,of
R14115 T16452 T16450 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14116 T16452 T16451 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14117 T16452 T16453 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14118 T16454 T16453 arg2Of C40,(
R14119 T16455 T16453 arg3Of ),(
R14120 T16457 T16430 arg1Of or,when
R14121 T16457 T16456 arg1Of or,","
R14122 T16457 T16463 arg1Of or,)
R14123 T16460 T16458 arg1Of CGN,of
R14124 T16460 T16459 arg1Of CGN,native
R14125 T16460 T16461 arg1Of CGN,(
R14126 T16462 T16457 arg2Of Native,or
R14127 T16462 T16460 arg1Of Native,CGN
R14268 T16662 T16661 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R14269 T16662 T16663 arg1Of CGN,stimulated
R14270 T16665 T16663 arg2Of expression,stimulated
R14271 T16665 T16664 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R14272 T16665 T16666 arg1Of expression,in
R14277 T16670 T16674 arg1Of monocytes,or
R14279 T16673 T16671 arg3Of ),(
R14280 T16674 T16677 arg1Of or,were
R14281 T16674 T16678 arg2Of or,incubated
R14282 T16674 T16690 arg1Of or,being
R14283 T16674 T16691 arg2Of or,stained
R14284 T16676 T16674 arg2Of cells,or
R14285 T16676 T16675 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R14286 T16678 T16677 arg2Of incubated,were
R14287 T16678 T16679 arg1Of incubated,in
R14288 T16678 T16689 arg1Of incubated,before
R14289 T16681 T16682 arg1Of presence,or
R14290 T16682 T16679 arg2Of or,in
R14291 T16682 T16680 arg1Of or,the
R14292 T16682 T16684 arg1Of or,of
R14293 T16682 T16686 arg1Of or,for
R14294 T16683 T16682 arg2Of absence,or
R14295 T16685 T16684 arg2Of carrageenan,of
R14296 T16688 T16686 arg2Of h,for
R14297 T16688 T16687 arg1Of h,24
R14298 T16691 T16689 arg2Of stained,before
R14299 T16691 T16690 arg2Of stained,being
R14300 T16691 T16692 arg1Of stained,for
R14301 T16696 T16692 arg2Of antigens,for
R14302 T16696 T16693 arg1Of antigens,various
R14303 T16696 T16694 arg1Of antigens,cell
R14304 T16696 T16695 arg1Of antigens,surface
R14305 T16698 T16697 arg1Of expression,Antigen
R14306 T16698 T16699 arg1Of expression,was
R14307 T16698 T16701 arg2Of expression,analyzed
R14308 T16701 T16699 arg2Of analyzed,was
R14309 T16701 T16700 arg1Of analyzed,then
R14310 T16704 T16701 arg1Of cytometry,analyzed
R14311 T16704 T16702 arg2Of cytometry,by
R14312 T16704 T16703 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R14313 T16706 T16705 arg1Of :,A
R14314 T16707 T16708 arg1Of Histograms,of
R14315 T16707 T16728 arg1Of Histograms,or
R14316 T16710 T16709 arg1Of expression,ICAM-1
R14317 T16710 T16711 arg1Of expression,in
R14318 T16710 T16720 arg1Of expression,","
R14319 T16712 T16711 arg2Of cells,in
R14320 T16712 T16713 arg2Of cells,treated
R14321 T16713 T16714 arg1Of treated,with
R14322 T16715 T16714 arg2Of medium,with
R14323 T16715 T16716 arg1Of medium,only
R14324 T16715 T16717 arg1Of medium,(
R14325 T16718 T16717 arg2Of control,(
R14326 T16719 T16717 arg3Of ),(
R14327 T16720 T16708 arg2Of ",",of
R14328 T16723 T16720 arg2Of dCGN,","
R14329 T16723 T16721 arg1Of dCGN,10
R14330 T16723 T16722 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14331 T16723 T16724 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14332 T16725 T16724 arg2Of C10,(
R14333 T16726 T16724 arg3Of ),(
R14334 T16728 T16727 arg1Of or,","
R14335 T16731 T16728 arg2Of dCGN,or
R14336 T16731 T16729 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14337 T16731 T16730 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14338 T16731 T16732 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14339 T16733 T16732 arg2Of C40,(
R14340 T16734 T16732 arg3Of ),(
R14341 T16735 T16736 arg1Of B,:
R14342 T16738 T16737 arg1Of intensity,Fluorescence
R14343 T16738 T16739 arg1Of intensity,for
R14344 T16738 T16754 arg1Of intensity,in
R14345 T16738 T16763 arg1Of intensity,","
R14346 T16740 T16739 arg2Of expression,for
R14347 T16740 T16741 arg1Of expression,of
R14348 T16744 T16745 arg1Of HLA-ABC,","
R14349 T16745 T16747 arg1Of ",",","
R14350 T16746 T16745 arg2Of HLA-DR,","
R14351 T16747 T16749 arg1Of ",",","
R14352 T16748 T16747 arg2Of CD14,","
R14353 T16749 T16752 arg1Of ",",and
R14354 T16750 T16749 arg2Of ICAM-1,","
R14355 T16752 T16741 arg2Of and,of
R14356 T16752 T16742 arg1Of and,the
R14357 T16752 T16743 arg1Of and,antigens
R14358 T16752 T16751 arg1Of and,","
R14359 T16753 T16752 arg2Of CD58,and
R14360 T16755 T16754 arg2Of cells,in
R14361 T16755 T16756 arg2Of cells,treated
R14362 T16756 T16757 arg1Of treated,with
R14363 T16758 T16757 arg2Of medium,with
R14364 T16758 T16759 arg1Of medium,only
R14365 T16758 T16760 arg1Of medium,(
R14366 T16761 T16760 arg2Of control,(
R14367 T16762 T16760 arg3Of ),(
R14368 T16763 T16771 arg1Of ",",or
R14369 T16766 T16763 arg2Of dCGN,","
R14370 T16766 T16764 arg1Of dCGN,10
R14371 T16766 T16765 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14372 T16766 T16767 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14373 T16768 T16767 arg2Of C10,(
R14374 T16769 T16767 arg3Of ),(
R14375 T16771 T16770 arg1Of or,","
R14376 T16774 T16771 arg2Of dCGN,or
R14377 T16774 T16772 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14378 T16774 T16773 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14379 T16774 T16775 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14380 T16776 T16775 arg2Of C40,(
R14381 T16777 T16775 arg3Of ),(
R14382 T16778 T16779 arg1Of Data,are
R14383 T16780 T16781 arg1Of mean,+/−
R14384 T16781 T16779 arg2Of +/−,are
R14385 T16782 T16781 arg2Of SEM,+/−
R14544 T16993 T16992 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R14545 T16993 T16994 arg1Of CGN,induced
R14546 T16994 T16998 arg1Of induced,vitro
R14547 T16996 T16994 arg2Of aggregation,induced
R14548 T16996 T16995 arg1Of aggregation,monocytes
R14549 T16998 T16997 arg1Of vitro,in
R14550 T16999 T17000 arg1Of Monocytes,were
R14551 T16999 T17001 arg2Of Monocytes,incubated
R14552 T17001 T17000 arg2Of incubated,were
R14553 T17001 T17002 arg1Of incubated,in
R14554 T17004 T17003 arg1Of absence,the
R14555 T17004 T17005 arg1Of absence,(
R14556 T17004 T17008 arg1Of absence,or
R14557 T17006 T17005 arg2Of A,(
R14558 T17007 T17005 arg3Of ),(
R14559 T17008 T17002 arg2Of or,in
R14560 T17010 T17008 arg2Of presence,or
R14561 T17010 T17009 arg1Of presence,the
R14562 T17010 T17011 arg1Of presence,of
R14563 T17016 T17012 arg1Of dCGN,1
R14564 T17016 T17013 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R14565 T17016 T17014 arg1Of dCGN,10
R14566 T17016 T17015 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14567 T17016 T17017 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14568 T17016 T17020 arg1Of dCGN,","
R14569 T17018 T17017 arg2Of B,(
R14570 T17019 T17017 arg3Of ),(
R14571 T17020 T17030 arg1Of ",",or
R14572 T17025 T17020 arg2Of dCGN,","
R14573 T17025 T17021 arg1Of dCGN,1
R14574 T17025 T17022 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R14575 T17025 T17023 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14576 T17025 T17024 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14577 T17025 T17026 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14578 T17027 T17026 arg2Of C,(
R14579 T17028 T17026 arg3Of ),(
R14580 T17030 T17011 arg2Of or,of
R14581 T17030 T17029 arg1Of or,","
R14582 T17033 T17034 arg1Of 40,kDa
R14583 T17035 T17031 arg1Of dCGN,1
R14584 T17035 T17032 arg1Of dCGN,mg/ml
R14585 T17035 T17033 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14586 T17035 T17036 arg1Of dCGN,plus
R14587 T17036 T17030 arg2Of plus,or
R14588 T17040 T17036 arg2Of antibody,plus
R14589 T17040 T17037 arg1Of antibody,2.5
R14590 T17040 T17038 arg1Of antibody,µg/ml
R14591 T17040 T17039 arg1Of antibody,anti-ICAM-1
R14592 T17040 T17041 arg1Of antibody,(
R14593 T17042 T17041 arg2Of D,(
R14594 T17043 T17041 arg3Of ),(
R14595 T17044 T17045 arg1Of Cells,were
R14596 T17044 T17046 arg2Of Cells,observed
R14597 T17046 T17045 arg2Of observed,were
R14598 T17046 T17047 arg1Of observed,by
R14599 T17051 T17047 arg2Of microscopy,by
R14600 T17051 T17048 arg1Of microscopy,phase
R14601 T17051 T17049 arg1Of microscopy,contrast
R14602 T17051 T17050 arg1Of microscopy,inverse
R14603 T17051 T17052 arg1Of microscopy,at
R14604 T17054 T17052 arg2Of magnification,at
R14605 T17054 T17053 arg1Of magnification,150X
R14606 T17055 T17056 arg1Of Inserts,in
R14607 T17055 T17060 arg1Of Inserts,show
R14608 T17057 T17058 arg1Of A,and
R14609 T17058 T17056 arg2Of and,in
R14610 T17059 T17058 arg2Of B,and
R14611 T17062 T17063 arg1Of close,up
R14612 T17065 T17060 arg2Of cells,show
R14613 T17065 T17061 arg1Of cells,a
R14614 T17065 T17062 arg1Of cells,close
R14615 T17065 T17064 arg1Of cells,of
R14616 T17065 T17066 arg1Of cells,at
R14617 T17068 T17066 arg2Of magnification,at
R14618 T17068 T17067 arg1Of magnification,300X
R14619 T17069 T17070 arg1Of E,:
R14620 T17071 T17072 arg1Of Number,of
R14621 T17071 T17075 arg1Of Number,in
R14622 T17071 T17099 arg1Of Number,with
R14623 T17071 T17102 arg1Of Number,degraded
R14624 T17074 T17072 arg2Of aggregates,of
R14625 T17074 T17073 arg1Of aggregates,monocyte
R14626 T17075 T17098 arg1Of in,or
R14627 T17078 T17075 arg2Of plate,in
R14628 T17078 T17076 arg1Of plate,24
R14629 T17078 T17077 arg1Of plate,wells
R14630 T17078 T17079 arg1Of plate,of
R14631 T17078 T17088 arg1Of plate,","
R14632 T17078 T17089 arg1Of plate,with
R14633 T17078 T17092 arg2Of plate,degraded
R14634 T17081 T17079 arg2Of cell,of
R14635 T17081 T17080 arg1Of cell,PBM
R14636 T17081 T17082 arg2Of cell,cultured
R14637 T17082 T17083 arg1Of cultured,with
R14638 T17084 T17083 arg2Of nothing,with
R14639 T17084 T17085 arg1Of nothing,(
R14640 T17086 T17085 arg2Of control,(
R14641 T17087 T17085 arg3Of ),(
R14642 T17091 T17089 arg2Of kDa,with
R14643 T17091 T17090 arg1Of kDa,10
R14644 T17093 T17092 arg3Of CGN,degraded
R14645 T17093 T17094 arg1Of CGN,(
R14646 T17095 T17094 arg2Of C10,(
R14647 T17096 T17094 arg3Of ),(
R14648 T17098 T17097 arg1Of or,","
R14649 T17099 T17098 arg2Of with,or
R14650 T17101 T17099 arg2Of kDa,with
R14651 T17101 T17100 arg1Of kDa,40
R14652 T17103 T17102 arg2Of CGN,degraded
R14653 T17103 T17104 arg1Of CGN,(
R14654 T17105 T17104 arg2Of C40,(
R14655 T17106 T17104 arg3Of ),(
R14656 T17108 T17107 arg1Of cultures,Some
R14657 T17108 T17109 arg1Of cultures,had
R14658 T17111 T17110 arg1Of 2.5,also
R14659 T17114 T17109 arg2Of antibody,had
R14660 T17114 T17111 arg1Of antibody,2.5
R14661 T17114 T17112 arg1Of antibody,µg/ml
R14662 T17114 T17113 arg1Of antibody,anti-ICAM-1
R14663 T17115 T17116 arg1Of Data,are
R14664 T17117 T17118 arg1Of mean,+/−
R14665 T17118 T17116 arg2Of +/−,are
R14666 T17119 T17118 arg2Of SEM,+/−
R14828 T17324 T17323 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R14829 T17324 T17325 arg1Of CGN,stimulated
R14830 T17326 T17327 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R14831 T17327 T17325 arg2Of and,stimulated
R14832 T17327 T17331 arg1Of and,in
R14833 T17330 T17327 arg2Of expression,and
R14834 T17330 T17328 arg1Of expression,TNF-α
R14835 T17330 T17329 arg1Of expression,gene
R14836 T17332 T17331 arg2Of monocytes,in
R14837 T17334 T17333 arg1Of samples,Representative
R14838 T17334 T17335 arg1Of samples,of
R14839 T17334 T17357 arg1Of samples,was
R14840 T17334 T17358 arg2Of samples,used
R14841 T17337 T17335 arg2Of analysis,of
R14842 T17337 T17336 arg1Of analysis,RT-PCR
R14843 T17337 T17338 arg1Of analysis,showing
R14844 T17338 T17339 arg1Of showing,over
R14845 T17338 T17345 arg1Of showing,after
R14846 T17340 T17339 arg2Of expression,over
R14847 T17340 T17341 arg1Of expression,of
R14848 T17342 T17343 arg1Of ICAM-1,and
R14849 T17343 T17341 arg2Of and,of
R14850 T17344 T17343 arg2Of TNF-α,and
R14851 T17346 T17345 arg2Of stimulation,after
R14852 T17346 T17347 arg1Of stimulation,of
R14853 T17346 T17349 arg1Of stimulation,with
R14854 T17348 T17347 arg2Of monocytes,of
R14855 T17351 T17349 arg2Of g/l,with
R14856 T17351 T17350 arg1Of g/l,1
R14857 T17351 T17352 arg1Of g/l,of
R14858 T17356 T17352 arg2Of expression,of
R14859 T17356 T17353 arg2Of expression,degraded
R14860 T17356 T17354 arg1Of expression,CGN.
R14861 T17356 T17355 arg1Of expression,β-actin
R14862 T17358 T17357 arg2Of used,was
R14863 T17358 T17359 arg1Of used,as
R14864 T17361 T17359 arg2Of gene,as
R14865 T17361 T17360 arg1Of gene,normalization
R14952 T17543 T17542 arg2Of CGN,Degraded
R14953 T17543 T17544 arg1Of CGN,activated
R14954 T17547 T17544 arg2Of pathway,activated
R14955 T17547 T17545 arg1Of pathway,the
R14956 T17547 T17546 arg1Of pathway,NF-kB
R14957 T17547 T17548 arg1Of pathway,in
R14958 T17549 T17548 arg2Of monocytes,in
R14959 T17553 T17552 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R14960 T17553 T17554 arg1Of cells,were
R14961 T17553 T17555 arg2Of cells,transfected
R14962 T17555 T17554 arg2Of transfected,were
R14963 T17555 T17556 arg1Of transfected,with
R14964 T17560 T17556 arg2Of plasmid,with
R14965 T17560 T17557 arg1Of plasmid,a
R14966 T17560 T17558 arg1Of plasmid,NF-κB
R14967 T17560 T17559 arg1Of plasmid,reporter
R14968 T17561 T17551 arg1Of driving,:
R14969 T17561 T17554 modOf driving,were
R14970 T17562 T17550 arg1Of expression,A
R14971 T17562 T17561 arg1Of expression,driving
R14972 T17562 T17563 arg1Of expression,of
R14973 T17564 T17563 arg2Of luciferase,of
R14974 T17565 T17566 arg1Of Cells,were
R14975 T17565 T17568 arg2Of Cells,treated
R14976 T17568 T17566 arg2Of treated,were
R14977 T17568 T17567 arg1Of treated,then
R14978 T17568 T17569 arg1Of treated,with
R14979 T17571 T17569 arg2Of concentrations,with
R14980 T17571 T17570 arg1Of concentrations,various
R14981 T17571 T17572 arg1Of concentrations,of
R14982 T17574 T17573 arg1Of kDa,10
R14983 T17574 T17575 arg1Of kDa,(
R14984 T17574 T17579 arg1Of kDa,or
R14985 T17576 T17575 arg2Of triangles,(
R14986 T17577 T17575 arg3Of ),(
R14987 T17579 T17572 arg2Of or,of
R14988 T17579 T17578 arg1Of or,","
R14989 T17582 T17579 arg2Of dCGN,or
R14990 T17582 T17580 arg1Of dCGN,40
R14991 T17582 T17581 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R14992 T17582 T17583 arg1Of dCGN,(
R14993 T17584 T17583 arg2Of squares,(
R14994 T17585 T17583 arg3Of ),(
R14995 T17586 T17587 arg1Of B,:
R14996 T17589 T17588 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R14997 T17589 T17590 arg2Of cells,treated
R14998 T17589 T17613 arg1Of cells,were
R14999 T17589 T17614 arg2Of cells,lysed
R15000 T17590 T17591 arg1Of treated,with
R15001 T17590 T17603 arg1Of treated,with
R15002 T17591 T17602 arg1Of with,or
R15003 T17593 T17591 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15004 T17593 T17592 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15005 T17593 T17594 arg1Of mg/ml,of
R15006 T17597 T17594 arg2Of dCGN,of
R15007 T17597 T17595 arg1Of dCGN,10
R15008 T17597 T17596 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15009 T17597 T17598 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15010 T17599 T17598 arg2Of C10,(
R15011 T17600 T17598 arg3Of ),(
R15012 T17602 T17601 arg1Of or,","
R15013 T17603 T17602 arg2Of with,or
R15014 T17605 T17603 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15015 T17605 T17604 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15016 T17605 T17606 arg1Of mg/ml,of
R15017 T17609 T17606 arg2Of dCGN,of
R15018 T17609 T17607 arg1Of dCGN,40
R15019 T17609 T17608 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15020 T17609 T17610 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15021 T17611 T17610 arg2Of C40,(
R15022 T17612 T17610 arg3Of ),(
R15023 T17614 T17587 arg2Of lysed,:
R15024 T17614 T17613 arg2Of lysed,were
R15025 T17614 T17615 arg1Of lysed,after
R15026 T17617 T17615 arg2Of periods,after
R15027 T17617 T17616 arg1Of periods,various
R15028 T17617 T17618 arg1Of periods,of
R15029 T17619 T17618 arg2Of time,of
R15030 T17620 T17621 arg1Of Proteins,in
R15031 T17620 T17624 arg1Of Proteins,were
R15032 T17620 T17625 arg2Of Proteins,resolved
R15033 T17623 T17621 arg2Of extracts,in
R15034 T17623 T17622 arg1Of extracts,cell
R15035 T17625 T17624 arg2Of resolved,were
R15036 T17625 T17626 arg1Of resolved,by
R15037 T17625 T17632 arg1Of resolved,for
R15038 T17627 T17628 arg1Of SDS-PAGE,and
R15039 T17628 T17626 arg2Of and,by
R15040 T17630 T17629 arg1Of Western,then
R15041 T17631 T17628 arg2Of blotted,and
R15042 T17631 T17630 arg1Of blotted,Western
R15043 T17633 T17634 arg1Of IκBα,or
R15044 T17634 T17632 arg2Of or,for
R15045 T17634 T17636 arg1Of or,as
R15046 T17635 T17634 arg2Of α−tubulin,or
R15047 T17637 T17636 arg2Of loading,as
R15048 T17638 T17637 arg2Of control,loading
R15049 T17639 T17640 arg1Of C,:
R15050 T17642 T17641 arg2Of carrageenans,Degraded
R15051 T17642 T17643 arg1Of carrageenans,(
R15052 T17642 T17646 arg1Of carrageenans,induced
R15053 T17644 T17643 arg2Of dCGN,(
R15054 T17645 T17643 arg3Of ),(
R15055 T17647 T17646 arg2Of activation,induced
R15056 T17647 T17648 arg1Of activation,of
R15057 T17649 T17648 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R15058 T17651 T17650 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R15059 T17651 T17652 arg1Of cells,were
R15060 T17651 T17653 arg2Of cells,treated
R15061 T17653 T17652 arg2Of treated,were
R15062 T17653 T17654 arg1Of treated,with
R15063 T17653 T17661 arg1Of treated,with
R15064 T17653 T17673 arg1Of treated,with
R15065 T17654 T17660 arg1Of with,or
R15066 T17655 T17654 arg2Of nothing,with
R15067 T17655 T17656 arg1Of nothing,(
R15068 T17657 T17656 arg2Of control,(
R15069 T17658 T17656 arg3Of ),(
R15070 T17660 T17659 arg1Of or,","
R15071 T17660 T17672 arg1Of or,or
R15072 T17661 T17660 arg2Of with,or
R15073 T17663 T17661 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15074 T17663 T17662 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15075 T17663 T17664 arg1Of mg/ml,of
R15076 T17667 T17664 arg2Of dCGN,of
R15077 T17667 T17665 arg1Of dCGN,10
R15078 T17667 T17666 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15079 T17667 T17668 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15080 T17669 T17668 arg2Of C10,(
R15081 T17670 T17668 arg3Of ),(
R15082 T17672 T17671 arg1Of or,","
R15083 T17673 T17672 arg2Of with,or
R15084 T17675 T17673 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15085 T17675 T17674 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15086 T17679 T17676 arg1Of dCGN,of
R15087 T17679 T17677 arg1Of dCGN,40
R15088 T17679 T17678 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15089 T17679 T17680 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15090 T17679 T17683 arg1Of dCGN,for
R15091 T17679 T17686 arg1Of dCGN,at
R15092 T17679 T17689 arg1Of dCGN,were
R15093 T17679 T17690 arg2Of dCGN,isolated
R15094 T17679 T17692 arg2Of dCGN,lysed
R15095 T17681 T17680 arg2Of C40,(
R15096 T17682 T17680 arg3Of ),(
R15097 T17685 T17683 arg2Of minutes,for
R15098 T17685 T17684 arg1Of minutes,30
R15099 T17688 T17686 arg2Of Nuclei,at
R15100 T17688 T17687 arg1Of Nuclei,37°C.
R15101 T17690 T17691 arg1Of isolated,and
R15102 T17691 T17652 modOf and,were
R15103 T17691 T17689 arg2Of and,were
R15104 T17692 T17691 arg2Of lysed,and
R15105 T17693 T17694 arg1Of Proteins,in
R15106 T17693 T17697 arg1Of Proteins,were
R15107 T17693 T17698 arg2Of Proteins,resolved
R15108 T17696 T17694 arg2Of extracts,in
R15109 T17696 T17695 arg1Of extracts,nuclear
R15110 T17698 T17697 arg2Of resolved,were
R15111 T17698 T17699 arg1Of resolved,by
R15112 T17698 T17705 arg1Of resolved,for
R15113 T17700 T17701 arg1Of SDS-PAGE,and
R15114 T17701 T17699 arg2Of and,by
R15115 T17703 T17702 arg1Of Western,then
R15116 T17704 T17701 arg2Of blotted,and
R15117 T17704 T17703 arg1Of blotted,Western
R15118 T17708 T17706 arg1Of subunit,NF-κB
R15119 T17708 T17707 arg1Of subunit,p50
R15120 T17708 T17709 arg1Of subunit,(
R15121 T17708 T17712 arg1Of subunit,or
R15122 T17710 T17709 arg2Of p50,(
R15123 T17711 T17709 arg3Of ),(
R15124 T17712 T17705 arg2Of or,for
R15125 T17715 T17712 arg2Of subunit,or
R15126 T17715 T17713 arg1Of subunit,NF-κB
R15127 T17715 T17714 arg1Of subunit,p65
R15128 T17715 T17716 arg1Of subunit,(
R15129 T17717 T17716 arg2Of p65,(
R15130 T17718 T17716 arg3Of ),(
R15131 T17720 T17719 arg1Of panels,Lower
R15132 T17720 T17721 arg1Of panels,show
R15133 T17723 T17721 arg2Of blots,show
R15134 T17723 T17722 arg1Of blots,Western
R15135 T17723 T17724 arg1Of blots,of
R15136 T17726 T17724 arg2Of ERK,of
R15137 T17726 T17725 arg1Of ERK,nuclear
R15138 T17726 T17727 arg1Of ERK,revealing
R15139 T17727 T17732 arg1Of revealing,in
R15140 T17729 T17727 arg2Of amount,revealing
R15141 T17729 T17728 arg1Of amount,equivalent
R15142 T17729 T17730 arg1Of amount,of
R15143 T17731 T17730 arg2Of protein,of
R15144 T17734 T17732 arg2Of sample,in
R15145 T17734 T17733 arg1Of sample,each
R15146 T17735 T17736 arg1Of Data,are
R15147 T17735 T17737 arg1Of Data,representative
R15148 T17737 T17736 arg2Of representative,are
R15149 T17737 T17738 arg1Of representative,of
R15150 T17741 T17738 arg2Of experiments,of
R15151 T17741 T17739 arg1Of experiments,three
R15152 T17741 T17740 arg1Of experiments,separate
R15153 T17742 T17743 arg1Of D,:
R15154 T17745 T17744 arg2Of carrageenan,Degraded
R15155 T17745 T17746 arg1Of carrageenan,(
R15156 T17745 T17749 arg1Of carrageenan,induced
R15157 T17747 T17746 arg2Of dCGN,(
R15158 T17748 T17746 arg3Of ),(
R15159 T17750 T17749 arg2Of activation,induced
R15160 T17750 T17751 arg1Of activation,of
R15161 T17752 T17751 arg2Of NF-κB,of
R15162 T17753 T17754 arg2Of Nuclei,isolated
R15163 T17753 T17758 arg1Of Nuclei,were
R15164 T17753 T17759 arg1Of Nuclei,fluorescence-stained
R15165 T17754 T17755 arg1Of isolated,from
R15166 T17757 T17755 arg2Of cells,from
R15167 T17757 T17756 arg1Of cells,THP-1
R15168 T17758 T17768 arg1Of were,before
R15169 T17758 T17774 arg1Of were,after
R15170 T17759 T17758 arg2Of fluorescence-stained,were
R15171 T17759 T17760 arg1Of fluorescence-stained,for
R15172 T17763 T17761 arg1Of subunit,NF-κB
R15173 T17763 T17762 arg1Of subunit,p50
R15174 T17763 T17764 arg1Of subunit,or
R15175 T17764 T17760 arg2Of or,for
R15176 T17767 T17764 arg2Of subunit,or
R15177 T17767 T17765 arg1Of subunit,NF-κB
R15178 T17767 T17766 arg1Of subunit,p65
R15179 T17768 T17769 arg1Of before,(
R15180 T17768 T17773 arg1Of before,or
R15181 T17771 T17769 arg2Of area,(
R15182 T17771 T17770 arg2Of area,filled
R15183 T17772 T17769 arg3Of ),(
R15184 T17774 T17773 arg2Of after,or
R15185 T17775 T17776 arg1Of cells,were
R15186 T17775 T17777 arg2Of cells,treated
R15187 T17777 T17776 arg2Of treated,were
R15188 T17777 T17778 arg1Of treated,with
R15189 T17777 T17790 arg1Of treated,with
R15190 T17778 T17789 arg1Of with,or
R15191 T17780 T17778 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15192 T17780 T17779 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15193 T17780 T17781 arg1Of mg/ml,of
R15194 T17784 T17781 arg2Of dCGN,of
R15195 T17784 T17782 arg1Of dCGN,10
R15196 T17784 T17783 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15197 T17784 T17785 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15198 T17786 T17785 arg2Of C10,(
R15199 T17787 T17785 arg3Of ),(
R15200 T17789 T17788 arg1Of or,","
R15201 T17790 T17789 arg2Of with,or
R15202 T17792 T17790 arg2Of mg/ml,with
R15203 T17792 T17791 arg1Of mg/ml,1
R15204 T17796 T17793 arg1Of dCGN,of
R15205 T17796 T17794 arg1Of dCGN,40
R15206 T17796 T17795 arg1Of dCGN,kDa
R15207 T17796 T17797 arg1Of dCGN,(
R15208 T17796 T17800 arg1Of dCGN,for
R15209 T17796 T17803 arg1Of dCGN,at
R15210 T17796 T17807 arg1Of dCGN,corresponds
R15211 T17798 T17797 arg2Of C40,(
R15212 T17799 T17797 arg3Of ),(
R15213 T17802 T17800 arg2Of minutes,for
R15214 T17802 T17801 arg1Of minutes,30
R15215 T17805 T17804 arg1Of Dashed,37°C.
R15216 T17806 T17803 arg2Of line,at
R15217 T17806 T17805 arg1Of line,Dashed
R15218 T17807 T17768 arg2Of corresponds,before
R15219 T17807 T17774 arg2Of corresponds,after
R15220 T17807 T17776 modOf corresponds,were
R15221 T17807 T17808 arg1Of corresponds,to
R15222 T17809 T17808 arg2Of nuclei,to
R15223 T17809 T17810 arg2Of nuclei,stained
R15224 T17810 T17812 arg1Of stained,with
R15225 T17812 T17811 arg1Of with,only
R15226 T17815 T17812 arg2Of antibody,with
R15227 T17815 T17813 arg1Of antibody,secondary
R15228 T17815 T17814 arg1Of antibody,fluorescence
R15229 T17817 T17816 arg1Of intensity,Fluorescence
R15230 T17817 T17818 arg1Of intensity,was
R15231 T17817 T17819 arg2Of intensity,analyzed
R15232 T17819 T17818 arg2Of analyzed,was
R15233 T17819 T17823 arg1Of analyzed,as
R15234 T17822 T17819 arg1Of cytometry,analyzed
R15235 T17822 T17820 arg2Of cytometry,by
R15236 T17822 T17821 arg1Of cytometry,flow
R15237 T17824 T17823 arg2Of described,as
R14016 T16354 T16351 arg1Of arrest,THP1
R14273 T16667 T16666 arg2Of monocytes,in
R14274 T16670 T16668 arg1Of monocytes,Peripheral
R14275 T16670 T16669 arg1Of monocytes,blood
R1782 T2071 T2070 arg2Of carrageenan,degraded
R1783 T2071 T2072 arg1Of carrageenan,with
R1785 T2073 T2074 arg1Of low,","
R1793 T2082 T2072 arg2Of and,with
R14276 T16670 T16671 arg1Of monocytes,(
R14278 T16672 T16671 arg2Of PBM,(
R14017 T16354 T16352 arg1Of arrest,cell
R14018 T16354 T16353 arg1Of arrest,cycle
R14019 T16354 T16355 arg1Of arrest,in
R14021 T16357 T16355 arg2Of phase,in
R14022 T16357 T16356 arg1Of phase,G1
R14023 T16359 T16358 arg1Of cells,THP-1

bionlp-st-ge-2016-coref

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T7626 18668-18673 Antecedent denotes TNF-α
T13228 33468-33470 Anaphor denotes it
T13229 33422-33426 Antecedent denotes CD14
T13230 37262-37283 Anaphor denotes the adhesion molecule
T13231 37284-37290 Antecedent denotes ICAM-1
T13232 37543-37556 Anaphor denotes these effects
T13233 37341-37347 Antecedent denotes higher
T16783 23401-23413 Anaphor denotes the antigens
T16784 23431-23435 Antecedent denotes CD14
T16785 23437-23443 Antecedent denotes ICAM-1
T16786 23449-23453 Antecedent denotes CD58
T9697 25280-25295 Anaphor denotes these molecules
T9698 25184-25190 Antecedent denotes ICAM-1
T9699 25206-25211 Antecedent denotes TNF-α
T10476 27826-27828 Anaphor denotes it
T10477 27806-27810 Antecedent denotes IκBα
T10478 27877-27879 Anaphor denotes it
T13223 33166-33169 Anaphor denotes one
T13224 33104-33107 Antecedent denotes TNF
T13225 33382-33397 Anaphor denotes these receptors
T13226 33271-33275 Antecedent denotes CD14
T13227 33280-33294 Antecedent denotes TLR4 receptors
T7623 18150-18156 Anaphor denotes effect
T7624 18051-18059 Antecedent denotes resulted
T7625 18711-18718 Anaphor denotes the one
R11419 T13225 T13227 boundBy these receptors,TLR4 receptors
R11420 T13228 T13229 boundBy it,CD14
R11421 T13230 T13231 boundBy the adhesion molecule,ICAM-1
R11422 T13232 T13233 boundBy these effects,higher
R14386 T16783 T16784 boundBy the antigens,CD14
R14387 T16783 T16785 boundBy the antigens,ICAM-1
R14388 T16783 T16786 boundBy the antigens,CD58
R8507 T9697 T9698 boundBy these molecules,ICAM-1
R8508 T9697 T9699 boundBy these molecules,TNF-α
R9086 T10476 T10477 boundBy it,IκBα
R9087 T10478 T10477 boundBy it,IκBα
R6773 T7623 T7624 boundBy effect,resulted
R6774 T7625 T7626 boundBy the one,TNF-α
R11417 T13223 T13224 boundBy one,TNF
R11418 T13225 T13226 boundBy these receptors,CD14

bionlp-st-ge-2016-spacy-parsed

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T326 0-8 JJ denotes Degraded
T327 9-20 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T328 21-28 NNP denotes Causing
T329 29-36 NNP denotes Colitis
T330 37-39 IN denotes in
T331 40-44 NNP denotes Rats
T332 45-52 VBZ denotes Induces
T333 53-56 NNP denotes TNF
T334 57-66 NNP denotes Secretion
T335 67-70 CC denotes and
T336 71-77 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T337 78-90 NNP denotes Upregulation
T338 91-93 IN denotes in
T339 94-103 NNP denotes Monocytes
T340 104-111 IN denotes through
T341 112-117 NNP denotes NF-κB
T342 118-128 NNP denotes Activation
T343 129-140 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T344 183-184 -LRB- denotes (
T345 184-187 NNP denotes CGN
T346 187-188 -RRB- denotes )
T347 189-191 VBZ denotes is
T348 192-193 DT denotes a
T349 194-198 JJ denotes high
T350 199-208 JJ denotes molecular
T351 209-215 NN denotes weight
T352 216-225 VBN denotes sulphated
T353 226-240 NN denotes polysaccharide
T354 241-248 VBN denotes derived
T355 249-253 IN denotes from
T356 254-257 JJ denotes red
T357 258-266 NNS denotes seaweeds
T358 266-267 . denotes .
T359 268-270 IN denotes In
T360 271-278 NNS denotes rodents
T361 278-279 , denotes ,
T362 280-283 PRP$ denotes its
T363 284-292 JJ denotes degraded
T364 293-298 NNS denotes forms
T365 299-300 -LRB- denotes (
T366 300-304 NNP denotes dCGN
T367 304-305 -RRB- denotes )
T368 306-309 MD denotes can
T369 310-316 VB denotes induce
T370 317-327 JJ denotes intestinal
T371 328-340 NN denotes inflammation
T372 341-351 VBN denotes associated
T373 352-356 IN denotes with
T374 357-367 NN denotes macrophage
T375 368-379 NN denotes recruitment
T376 380-383 CC denotes and
T377 384-394 NN denotes activation
T378 394-395 . denotes .
T379 396-399 DT denotes The
T380 400-403 NN denotes aim
T381 404-406 IN denotes of
T382 407-411 DT denotes this
T383 412-417 NN denotes study
T384 418-421 VBD denotes was
T385 421-422 : denotes :
T386 423-424 LS denotes 1
T387 424-425 -RRB- denotes )
T388 426-428 TO denotes to
T389 429-436 VB denotes analyze
T390 437-440 DT denotes the
T391 441-455 JJ denotes size-dependent
T392 456-463 NNS denotes effects
T393 464-466 IN denotes of
T394 467-471 NNP denotes dCGN
T395 472-474 IN denotes on
T396 475-480 NN denotes colon
T397 481-493 NN denotes inflammation
T398 494-496 IN denotes in
T399 497-501 NN denotes vivo
T400 501-502 , denotes ,
T401 503-506 CC denotes and
T402 507-508 CD denotes 2
T403 508-509 -RRB- denotes )
T404 510-512 TO denotes to
T405 513-522 VB denotes correlate
T406 523-528 DT denotes these
T407 529-536 NNS denotes effects
T408 537-541 IN denotes with
T409 542-561 NN denotes monocyte/macrophage
T410 562-575 NN denotes proliferation
T411 575-576 , denotes ,
T412 577-585 NN denotes cytokine
T413 586-596 NN denotes production
T414 597-600 CC denotes and
T415 601-611 NN denotes expression
T416 612-614 IN denotes of
T417 615-622 JJ denotes various
T418 623-627 NN denotes cell
T419 628-635 NN denotes surface
T420 636-644 NNS denotes antigens
T421 645-654 VBG denotes including
T422 655-661 JJ denotes ICAM-1
T423 662-670 NN denotes adhesion
T424 671-679 NN denotes molecule
T425 679-680 . denotes .
T426 681-691 JJ denotes Peripheral
T427 692-697 NN denotes blood
T428 698-707 NNS denotes monocytes
T429 708-709 -LRB- denotes (
T430 709-712 NNP denotes PBM
T431 712-713 -RRB- denotes )
T432 714-717 CC denotes and
T433 718-723 CD denotes THP-1
T434 724-733 JJ denotes monocytic
T435 734-739 NNS denotes cells
T436 740-744 VBD denotes were
T437 745-753 VBN denotes cultured
T438 754-756 IN denotes in
T439 757-760 DT denotes the
T440 761-769 NN denotes presence
T441 770-772 IN denotes of
T442 773-779 DT denotes either
T443 780-782 CD denotes 10
T444 783-785 CC denotes or
T445 786-788 CD denotes 40
T446 789-792 NNP denotes kDa
T447 792-793 , denotes ,
T448 794-798 NNP denotes dCGN
T449 798-799 . denotes .
T450 800-803 DT denotes The
T451 804-806 CD denotes 40
T452 807-810 NNP denotes kDa
T453 810-811 , denotes ,
T454 812-815 CC denotes but
T455 816-819 RB denotes not
T456 820-823 DT denotes the
T457 824-826 CD denotes 10
T458 827-830 NNP denotes kDa
T459 831-835 NNP denotes dCGN
T460 835-836 , denotes ,
T461 837-844 VBD denotes induced
T462 845-852 NN denotes colitis
T463 853-855 IN denotes in
T464 856-858 IN denotes in
T465 859-863 NN denotes vivo
T466 863-864 . denotes .
T467 865-873 JJ denotes Degraded
T468 874-877 NNP denotes CGN
T469 878-887 VBD denotes inhibited
T470 888-893 CD denotes THP-1
T471 894-898 NN denotes cell
T472 899-912 NN denotes proliferation
T473 913-915 IN denotes in
T474 916-921 NN denotes vitro
T475 921-922 , denotes ,
T476 923-932 VBG denotes arresting
T477 933-936 DT denotes the
T478 937-942 NNS denotes cells
T479 943-945 IN denotes in
T480 946-948 CD denotes G1
T481 949-954 NN denotes phase
T482 954-955 . denotes .
T483 956-958 IN denotes In
T484 959-967 NN denotes addition
T485 967-968 , denotes ,
T486 969-973 NNP denotes dCGN
T487 974-983 VBD denotes increased
T488 984-990 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T489 991-1001 NN denotes expression
T490 1002-1004 IN denotes in
T491 1005-1009 DT denotes both
T492 1010-1013 NNP denotes PBM
T493 1014-1017 CC denotes and
T494 1018-1023 NNP denotes THP-1
T495 1024-1029 NNS denotes cells
T496 1030-1034 IN denotes with
T497 1035-1036 DT denotes a
T498 1037-1042 JJ denotes major
T499 1043-1049 NN denotes effect
T500 1050-1054 VBN denotes seen
T501 1055-1060 IN denotes after
T502 1061-1063 CD denotes 40
T503 1064-1067 NNP denotes kDa
T504 1068-1072 NNP denotes dCGN
T505 1073-1081 NN denotes exposure
T506 1081-1082 . denotes .
T507 1083-1087 RB denotes Also
T508 1087-1088 , denotes ,
T509 1089-1093 NNP denotes dCGN
T510 1094-1104 VBD denotes stimulated
T511 1105-1113 NN denotes monocyte
T512 1114-1125 NN denotes aggregation
T513 1126-1128 IN denotes in
T514 1129-1134 NN denotes vitro
T515 1135-1139 WDT denotes that
T516 1140-1143 VBD denotes was
T517 1144-1153 VBN denotes prevented
T518 1154-1156 IN denotes by
T519 1157-1167 NN denotes incubation
T520 1168-1172 IN denotes with
T521 1173-1184 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T522 1185-1193 NN denotes antibody
T523 1193-1194 . denotes .
T524 1195-1202 RB denotes Finally
T525 1202-1203 , denotes ,
T526 1204-1208 NNP denotes dCGN
T527 1209-1219 VBD denotes stimulated
T528 1220-1225 JJ denotes TNF-α
T529 1226-1236 NN denotes expression
T530 1237-1240 CC denotes and
T531 1241-1250 NN denotes secretion
T532 1251-1253 IN denotes by
T533 1254-1258 DT denotes both
T534 1259-1262 NNP denotes PBM
T535 1263-1266 CC denotes and
T536 1267-1272 NNP denotes THP-1
T537 1273-1278 NNS denotes cells
T538 1278-1279 . denotes .
T539 1280-1283 PDT denotes All
T540 1284-1289 DT denotes these
T541 1290-1297 NNS denotes effects
T542 1298-1302 VBD denotes were
T543 1303-1309 VBN denotes linked
T544 1310-1312 TO denotes to
T545 1313-1318 NNP denotes NF-κB
T546 1319-1329 NN denotes activation
T547 1329-1330 . denotes .
T548 1331-1336 DT denotes These
T549 1337-1341 NNS denotes data
T550 1342-1350 RB denotes strongly
T551 1351-1358 VBP denotes suggest
T552 1359-1363 IN denotes that
T553 1364-1367 DT denotes the
T554 1368-1376 JJ denotes degraded
T555 1377-1382 NNS denotes forms
T556 1383-1385 IN denotes of
T557 1386-1389 NNP denotes CGN
T558 1390-1394 VBP denotes have
T559 1395-1396 DT denotes a
T560 1397-1407 JJ denotes pronounced
T561 1408-1414 NN denotes effect
T562 1415-1417 IN denotes on
T563 1418-1427 NNS denotes monocytes
T564 1427-1428 , denotes ,
T565 1429-1443 NN denotes characteristic
T566 1444-1446 IN denotes of
T567 1447-1449 DT denotes an
T568 1450-1462 JJ denotes inflammatory
T569 1463-1472 NN denotes phenotype
T570 1472-1473 . denotes .
T1344 1488-1499 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T1345 1500-1501 -LRB- denotes (
T1346 1501-1504 NNP denotes CGN
T1347 1504-1505 -RRB- denotes )
T1348 1506-1508 VBZ denotes is
T1349 1509-1510 DT denotes a
T1350 1511-1515 JJ denotes high
T1351 1516-1525 JJ denotes molecular
T1352 1526-1532 NN denotes weight
T1353 1533-1542 VBN denotes sulphated
T1354 1543-1557 NN denotes polysaccharide
T1355 1558-1559 -LRB- denotes (
T1356 1559-1560 FW denotes >
T1357 1560-1563 CD denotes 200
T1358 1564-1567 NNP denotes kDa
T1359 1567-1568 -RRB- denotes )
T1360 1569-1576 VBN denotes derived
T1361 1577-1581 IN denotes from
T1362 1582-1585 JJ denotes red
T1363 1586-1591 NN denotes algae
T1364 1592-1593 -LRB- denotes (
T1365 1593-1605 NNP denotes Rhodophyceae
T1366 1605-1606 -RRB- denotes )
T1367 1606-1607 . denotes .
T1368 1608-1613 CD denotes Three
T1369 1614-1618 JJ denotes main
T1370 1619-1624 NNS denotes forms
T1371 1625-1627 IN denotes of
T1372 1628-1631 NNP denotes CGN
T1373 1632-1636 VBP denotes have
T1374 1637-1641 VBN denotes been
T1375 1642-1652 VBN denotes identified
T1376 1652-1653 : denotes :
T1377 1654-1659 NN denotes kappa
T1378 1659-1660 , denotes ,
T1379 1661-1665 NN denotes iota
T1380 1665-1666 , denotes ,
T1381 1667-1670 CC denotes and
T1382 1671-1677 NN denotes lambda
T1383 1677-1678 . denotes .
T1384 1679-1683 PRP denotes They
T1385 1684-1690 VBP denotes differ
T1386 1691-1695 IN denotes from
T1387 1696-1700 DT denotes each
T1388 1701-1706 JJ denotes other
T1389 1707-1709 IN denotes in
T1390 1710-1720 NN denotes sulphation
T1391 1721-1727 NN denotes degree
T1392 1728-1731 CC denotes and
T1393 1732-1742 NN denotes solubility
T1394 1743-1744 NN denotes [
T1395 1744-1745 CD denotes 1
T1396 1745-1746 NNP denotes ]
T1397 1746-1747 , denotes ,
T1398 1748-1749 NNP denotes [
T1399 1749-1750 CD denotes 2
T1400 1750-1751 NNP denotes ]
T1401 1751-1752 . denotes .
T1402 1753-1759 JJ denotes Native
T1403 1760-1763 NNP denotes CGN
T1404 1764-1766 VBZ denotes is
T1405 1767-1774 VBN denotes thought
T1406 1775-1777 TO denotes to
T1407 1778-1780 VB denotes be
T1408 1781-1789 JJ denotes harmless
T1409 1790-1793 CC denotes and
T1410 1794-1796 VBZ denotes is
T1411 1797-1803 RB denotes widely
T1412 1804-1808 VBN denotes used
T1413 1809-1811 IN denotes as
T1414 1812-1813 DT denotes a
T1415 1814-1818 NN denotes food
T1416 1819-1827 JJ denotes additive
T1417 1828-1830 TO denotes to
T1418 1831-1838 VB denotes improve
T1419 1839-1846 NN denotes texture
T1420 1846-1847 . denotes .
T1421 1848-1850 PRP denotes It
T1422 1851-1853 VBZ denotes is
T1423 1854-1858 RB denotes also
T1424 1859-1863 VBN denotes used
T1425 1864-1866 IN denotes in
T1426 1867-1876 NNS denotes cosmetics
T1427 1877-1880 CC denotes and
T1428 1881-1896 NNS denotes pharmaceuticals
T1429 1896-1897 . denotes .
T1430 1898-1905 RB denotes However
T1431 1905-1906 , denotes ,
T1432 1907-1911 NN denotes acid
T1433 1912-1921 NN denotes treatment
T1434 1922-1924 IN denotes at
T1435 1925-1929 JJ denotes high
T1436 1930-1941 NN denotes temperature
T1437 1942-1943 -LRB- denotes (
T1438 1943-1945 CD denotes 80
T1439 1945-1946 CD denotes °
T1440 1946-1947 NNP denotes C
T1441 1947-1948 -RRB- denotes )
T1442 1949-1957 VBZ denotes triggers
T1443 1958-1961 NNP denotes CGN
T1444 1962-1972 NN denotes hydrolysis
T1445 1973-1975 TO denotes to
T1446 1976-1981 JJR denotes lower
T1447 1982-1991 JJ denotes molecular
T1448 1992-1998 NN denotes weight
T1449 1999-2000 -LRB- denotes (
T1450 2000-2001 FW denotes <
T1451 2001-2003 CD denotes 50
T1452 2004-2007 NNP denotes kDa
T1453 2007-2008 -RRB- denotes )
T1454 2009-2018 VBZ denotes compounds
T1455 2019-2024 VBN denotes known
T1456 2025-2027 IN denotes as
T1457 2028-2038 NN denotes poligeenan
T1458 2039-2041 CC denotes or
T1459 2042-2050 JJ denotes degraded
T1460 2051-2054 NNP denotes CGN
T1461 2055-2056 -LRB- denotes (
T1462 2056-2060 NNP denotes dCGN
T1463 2060-2061 -RRB- denotes )
T1464 2061-2062 . denotes .
T1465 2063-2068 DT denotes These
T1466 2069-2074 NNS denotes dCGNs
T1467 2075-2081 VBP denotes induce
T1468 2082-2094 NN denotes inflammation
T1469 2095-2098 CC denotes and
T1470 2099-2103 VBP denotes have
T1471 2104-2108 VBN denotes been
T1472 2109-2115 RB denotes widely
T1473 2116-2120 VBN denotes used
T1474 2121-2123 IN denotes as
T1475 2124-2130 NNS denotes models
T1476 2131-2133 IN denotes of
T1477 2134-2141 NN denotes colitis
T1478 2142-2144 IN denotes in
T1479 2145-2152 JJ denotes several
T1480 2153-2160 NNS denotes species
T1481 2160-2161 , denotes ,
T1482 2162-2171 VBG denotes including
T1483 2172-2176 NNS denotes rats
T1484 2177-2178 JJ denotes [
T1485 2178-2179 CD denotes 3
T1486 2179-2180 NNP denotes ]
T1487 2180-2181 , denotes ,
T1488 2182-2189 VBZ denotes rabbits
T1489 2190-2191 NNP denotes [
T1490 2191-2192 CD denotes 4
T1491 2192-2193 NNP denotes ]
T1492 2194-2197 CC denotes and
T1493 2198-2204 NN denotes guinea
T1494 2205-2209 NNS denotes pigs
T1495 2210-2211 VBP denotes [
T1496 2211-2212 CD denotes 5
T1497 2212-2213 NNP denotes ]
T1498 2213-2214 . denotes .
T1499 2215-2218 DT denotes The
T1500 2219-2223 NN denotes role
T1501 2224-2226 IN denotes of
T1502 2227-2231 NNP denotes dCGN
T1503 2232-2234 IN denotes as
T1504 2235-2236 DT denotes a
T1505 2237-2252 JJ denotes tumor-promoting
T1506 2253-2259 NN denotes factor
T1507 2260-2267 VBZ denotes remains
T1508 2268-2281 JJ denotes controversial
T1509 2282-2283 NN denotes [
T1510 2283-2284 CD denotes 4
T1511 2284-2285 NNP denotes ]
T1512 2285-2286 , denotes ,
T1513 2287-2288 NNP denotes [
T1514 2288-2289 CD denotes 6
T1515 2289-2290 NNP denotes ]
T1516 2291-2292 NN denotes [
T1517 2292-2293 CD denotes 8
T1518 2293-2294 NNP denotes ]
T1519 2294-2295 . denotes .
T1520 2296-2304 IN denotes Although
T1521 2305-2308 DT denotes the
T1522 2309-2315 JJ denotes native
T1523 2316-2320 NN denotes form
T1524 2321-2323 VBZ denotes is
T1525 2324-2331 VBN denotes thought
T1526 2332-2334 TO denotes to
T1527 2335-2337 VB denotes be
T1528 2338-2346 JJ denotes harmless
T1529 2347-2350 IN denotes for
T1530 2351-2356 JJ denotes human
T1531 2357-2368 NN denotes consumption
T1532 2368-2369 , denotes ,
T1533 2370-2375 JJ denotes small
T1534 2376-2383 NNS denotes amounts
T1535 2384-2386 IN denotes of
T1536 2387-2391 NNP denotes dCGN
T1537 2392-2395 VBP denotes are
T1538 2396-2404 RB denotes probably
T1539 2405-2413 VBN denotes produced
T1540 2414-2416 IN denotes by
T1541 2417-2421 NN denotes acid
T1542 2422-2432 NN denotes hydrolysis
T1543 2433-2439 IN denotes during
T1544 2440-2447 JJ denotes gastric
T1545 2448-2457 NN denotes digestion
T1546 2458-2459 NN denotes [
T1547 2459-2460 CD denotes 9
T1548 2460-2461 NNP denotes ]
T1549 2461-2462 , denotes ,
T1550 2463-2464 NNP denotes [
T1551 2464-2466 CD denotes 10
T1552 2466-2467 NNP denotes ]
T1553 2468-2470 CC denotes or
T1554 2471-2482 NN denotes interaction
T1555 2483-2487 IN denotes with
T1556 2488-2498 JJ denotes intestinal
T1557 2499-2507 NNS denotes bacteria
T1558 2508-2509 NNP denotes [
T1559 2509-2511 CD denotes 11
T1560 2511-2512 NNP denotes ]
T1561 2512-2513 , denotes ,
T1562 2514-2515 NNP denotes [
T1563 2515-2517 CD denotes 12
T1564 2517-2518 NNP denotes ]
T1565 2518-2519 . denotes .
T1566 2520-2527 IN denotes Whereas
T1567 2528-2531 DT denotes the
T1568 2532-2539 NNS denotes effects
T1569 2540-2542 IN denotes of
T1570 2543-2549 JJ denotes native
T1571 2550-2553 CC denotes and
T1572 2554-2558 NNP denotes dCGN
T1573 2559-2561 IN denotes on
T1574 2562-2572 JJ denotes intestinal
T1575 2573-2585 NN denotes inflammation
T1576 2586-2590 VBP denotes have
T1577 2591-2595 VBN denotes been
T1578 2596-2607 RB denotes extensively
T1579 2608-2616 VBN denotes analyzed
T1580 2617-2619 IN denotes in
T1581 2620-2626 NN denotes animal
T1582 2627-2633 NNS denotes models
T1583 2633-2634 , denotes ,
T1584 2635-2639 RB denotes only
T1585 2640-2643 JJ denotes few
T1586 2644-2651 NNS denotes studies
T1587 2652-2656 VBP denotes have
T1588 2657-2661 VBN denotes been
T1589 2662-2671 VBN denotes conducted
T1590 2672-2677 VBG denotes using
T1591 2678-2683 JJ denotes human
T1592 2684-2688 NN denotes cell
T1593 2689-2694 NNS denotes lines
T1594 2694-2695 . denotes .
T1595 2696-2702 JJ denotes Recent
T1596 2703-2710 NNS denotes studies
T1597 2711-2715 VBP denotes have
T1598 2716-2721 VBN denotes shown
T1599 2722-2723 DT denotes a
T1600 2724-2728 NN denotes link
T1601 2729-2736 IN denotes between
T1602 2737-2745 NN denotes exposure
T1603 2746-2748 TO denotes to
T1604 2749-2755 JJ denotes native
T1605 2756-2760 NN denotes form
T1606 2761-2764 NNP denotes CGN
T1607 2765-2768 CC denotes and
T1608 2769-2773 JJ denotes IL-8
T1609 2774-2784 NN denotes production
T1610 2785-2787 IN denotes by
T1611 2788-2791 DT denotes the
T1612 2792-2797 JJ denotes human
T1613 2798-2808 JJ denotes intestinal
T1614 2809-2819 JJ denotes epithelial
T1615 2820-2824 NN denotes cell
T1616 2825-2829 NN denotes line
T1617 2829-2830 , denotes ,
T1618 2831-2837 NNP denotes NCM460
T1619 2837-2838 , denotes ,
T1620 2839-2842 IN denotes via
T1621 2843-2850 NNP denotes Nuclear
T1622 2851-2860 NNP denotes Factor-κB
T1623 2861-2862 -LRB- denotes (
T1624 2862-2867 NNP denotes NF-κB
T1625 2867-2868 -RRB- denotes )
T1626 2869-2879 NN denotes activation
T1627 2880-2881 NNP denotes [
T1628 2881-2883 CD denotes 13
T1629 2883-2884 NNP denotes ]
T1630 2884-2885 , denotes ,
T1631 2886-2887 NNP denotes [
T1632 2887-2889 CD denotes 14
T1633 2889-2890 NNP denotes ]
T1634 2890-2891 . denotes .
T1635 2892-2897 NN denotes NF-κB
T1636 2898-2900 VBZ denotes is
T1637 2901-2902 DT denotes a
T1638 2903-2916 NN denotes transcription
T1639 2917-2923 NN denotes factor
T1640 2924-2928 WDT denotes that
T1641 2929-2938 VBZ denotes regulates
T1642 2939-2942 DT denotes the
T1643 2943-2953 NN denotes expression
T1644 2954-2956 IN denotes of
T1645 2957-2962 NNS denotes genes
T1646 2963-2973 VBN denotes associated
T1647 2974-2978 IN denotes with
T1648 2979-2991 NN denotes inflammation
T1649 2992-2993 NNP denotes [
T1650 2993-2995 CD denotes 15
T1651 2995-2996 NNP denotes ]
T1652 2996-2997 , denotes ,
T1653 2998-2999 NNP denotes [
T1654 2999-3001 CD denotes 16
T1655 3001-3002 NNP denotes ]
T1656 3002-3003 . denotes .
T1657 3004-3014 NNP denotes Macrophage
T1658 3015-3027 NN denotes infiltration
T1659 3028-3031 CC denotes and
T1660 3032-3044 NN denotes accumulation
T1661 3045-3047 VBZ denotes is
T1662 3048-3049 DT denotes a
T1663 3050-3056 JJ denotes common
T1664 3057-3071 NN denotes characteristic
T1665 3072-3074 IN denotes of
T1666 3075-3085 JJ denotes intestinal
T1667 3086-3094 NNS denotes diseases
T1668 3095-3096 NNP denotes [
T1669 3096-3098 CD denotes 17
T1670 3098-3099 NNP denotes ]
T1671 3099-3100 . denotes .
T1672 3101-3112 NNS denotes Macrophages
T1673 3113-3122 VBP denotes represent
T1674 3123-3125 CD denotes 10
T1675 3125-3126 NN denotes %
T1676 3127-3129 IN denotes of
T1677 3130-3135 JJ denotes total
T1678 3136-3142 NN denotes lamina
T1679 3143-3150 NN denotes propria
T1680 3151-3156 NNS denotes cells
T1681 3156-3157 , denotes ,
T1682 3158-3165 VBP denotes secrete
T1683 3166-3167 DT denotes a
T1684 3168-3172 JJ denotes wide
T1685 3173-3178 NN denotes range
T1686 3179-3181 IN denotes of
T1687 3182-3194 RB denotes biologically
T1688 3195-3201 JJ denotes active
T1689 3202-3211 NNS denotes compounds
T1690 3212-3215 CC denotes and
T1691 3216-3223 VB denotes express
T1692 3224-3237 NN denotes cell-adhesion
T1693 3238-3247 NNS denotes molecules
T1694 3247-3248 . denotes .
T1695 3249-3252 DT denotes The
T1696 3253-3259 JJ denotes immune
T1697 3260-3264 NN denotes cell
T1698 3265-3273 NN denotes response
T1699 3274-3276 TO denotes to
T1700 3277-3279 DT denotes an
T1701 3280-3292 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1702 3293-3301 NN denotes stimulus
T1703 3302-3307 VBZ denotes seems
T1704 3308-3310 TO denotes to
T1705 3311-3313 VB denotes be
T1706 3314-3323 VBN denotes amplified
T1707 3324-3326 CC denotes or
T1708 3327-3335 RB denotes directly
T1709 3336-3345 VBN denotes generated
T1710 3346-3348 IN denotes by
T1711 3349-3354 NNS denotes cells
T1712 3355-3362 VBN denotes exposed
T1713 3363-3365 TO denotes to
T1714 3366-3375 VBN denotes sulphated
T1715 3376-3391 NNS denotes polysaccharides
T1716 3392-3396 JJ denotes such
T1717 3397-3399 IN denotes as
T1718 3400-3412 NNS denotes carrageenans
T1719 3412-3413 . denotes .
T1720 3414-3420 RB denotes Indeed
T1721 3420-3421 , denotes ,
T1722 3422-3434 NN denotes inflammation
T1723 3435-3442 VBN denotes induced
T1724 3443-3445 IN denotes by
T1725 3446-3450 NNP denotes dCGN
T1726 3451-3454 VBD denotes was
T1727 3455-3465 VBN denotes associated
T1728 3466-3470 IN denotes with
T1729 3471-3482 NN denotes recruitment
T1730 3483-3485 IN denotes of
T1731 3486-3497 NNS denotes macrophages
T1732 3498-3500 TO denotes to
T1733 3501-3513 NN denotes inflammation
T1734 3514-3519 NNS denotes sites
T1735 3520-3521 NNP denotes [
T1736 3521-3523 CD denotes 18
T1737 3523-3524 NNP denotes ]
T1738 3524-3525 , denotes ,
T1739 3526-3527 NNP denotes [
T1740 3527-3529 CD denotes 19
T1741 3529-3530 NNP denotes ]
T1742 3530-3531 . denotes .
T1743 3532-3536 RB denotes Also
T1744 3536-3537 , denotes ,
T1745 3538-3550 NN denotes inflammation
T1746 3551-3558 VBN denotes induced
T1747 3559-3561 IN denotes by
T1748 3562-3569 NNP denotes Dextran
T1749 3570-3578 NNP denotes Sulphate
T1750 3579-3585 NNP denotes Sodium
T1751 3586-3587 -LRB- denotes (
T1752 3587-3590 NNP denotes DSS
T1753 3590-3591 -RRB- denotes )
T1754 3591-3592 , denotes ,
T1755 3593-3600 DT denotes another
T1756 3601-3610 VBN denotes sulphated
T1757 3611-3619 NN denotes compound
T1758 3619-3620 , denotes ,
T1759 3621-3624 VBD denotes was
T1760 3625-3633 RB denotes directly
T1761 3634-3644 VBN denotes associated
T1762 3645-3649 IN denotes with
T1763 3650-3661 NNS denotes macrophages
T1764 3662-3673 NN denotes recruitment
T1765 3674-3675 NNP denotes [
T1766 3675-3677 CD denotes 20
T1767 3677-3678 NNP denotes ]
T1768 3678-3679 , denotes ,
T1769 3680-3685 IN denotes since
T1770 3686-3689 NNP denotes DSS
T1771 3690-3695 RB denotes still
T1772 3696-3704 VBD denotes provoked
T1773 3705-3717 NN denotes inflammation
T1774 3718-3723 IN denotes after
T1775 3724-3736 NN denotes T-lymphocyte
T1776 3737-3740 CC denotes and
T1777 3741-3743 NNP denotes NK
T1778 3744-3748 NN denotes cell
T1779 3749-3758 NN denotes depletion
T1780 3759-3760 NNP denotes [
T1781 3760-3762 CD denotes 20
T1782 3762-3763 NNP denotes ]
T1783 3763-3764 . denotes .
T1784 3765-3773 IN denotes Although
T1785 3774-3786 NN denotes inflammation
T1786 3787-3790 MD denotes can
T1787 3791-3793 VB denotes be
T1788 3794-3801 VBN denotes induced
T1789 3802-3804 IN denotes by
T1790 3805-3809 NNP denotes dCGN
T1791 3809-3810 , denotes ,
T1792 3811-3816 EX denotes there
T1793 3817-3820 VBP denotes are
T1794 3821-3823 DT denotes no
T1795 3824-3828 NNS denotes data
T1796 3829-3831 IN denotes on
T1797 3832-3837 JJ denotes human
T1798 3838-3846 NN denotes monocyte
T1799 3847-3856 NNS denotes responses
T1800 3857-3859 TO denotes to
T1801 3860-3864 NNP denotes dCGN
T1802 3865-3873 NN denotes exposure
T1803 3873-3874 . denotes .
T1804 3875-3884 RB denotes Therefore
T1805 3884-3885 , denotes ,
T1806 3886-3888 TO denotes to
T1807 3889-3900 VB denotes investigate
T1808 3901-3904 DT denotes the
T1809 3905-3912 NNS denotes effects
T1810 3913-3915 IN denotes of
T1811 3916-3920 NNP denotes dCGN
T1812 3921-3923 IN denotes on
T1813 3924-3929 JJ denotes human
T1814 3930-3939 NNS denotes monocytes
T1815 3939-3940 , denotes ,
T1816 3941-3947 JJ denotes normal
T1817 3948-3958 NNP denotes Peripheral
T1818 3959-3964 NNP denotes Blood
T1819 3965-3974 NNP denotes Monocytes
T1820 3975-3976 -LRB- denotes (
T1821 3976-3979 NNP denotes PBM
T1822 3979-3980 -RRB- denotes )
T1823 3981-3984 CC denotes and
T1824 3985-3992 JJ denotes tumoral
T1825 3993-4012 NN denotes monocyte/macrophage
T1826 4013-4018 CD denotes THP-1
T1827 4019-4024 NNS denotes cells
T1828 4025-4029 VBD denotes were
T1829 4030-4037 VBN denotes exposed
T1830 4038-4040 TO denotes to
T1831 4041-4043 CD denotes 10
T1832 4044-4047 NN denotes kDa
T1833 4048-4051 CC denotes and
T1834 4052-4054 CD denotes 40
T1835 4055-4058 NNP denotes kDa
T1836 4059-4063 NNP denotes dCGN
T1837 4063-4064 . denotes .
T1838 4065-4067 PRP denotes We
T1839 4068-4073 VBD denotes found
T1840 4074-4078 IN denotes that
T1841 4079-4083 NNP denotes dCGN
T1842 4084-4093 VBD denotes inhibited
T1843 4094-4099 CD denotes THP-1
T1844 4100-4104 NN denotes cell
T1845 4105-4118 NN denotes proliferation
T1846 4119-4121 IN denotes in
T1847 4122-4127 NN denotes vitro
T1848 4127-4128 , denotes ,
T1849 4129-4138 VBD denotes increased
T1850 4139-4145 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T1851 4146-4156 NN denotes expression
T1852 4156-4157 , denotes ,
T1853 4158-4168 VBN denotes stimulated
T1854 4169-4185 JJ denotes ICAM-1-dependent
T1855 4186-4194 NN denotes monocyte
T1856 4195-4206 NN denotes aggregation
T1857 4206-4207 , denotes ,
T1858 4208-4211 CC denotes and
T1859 4212-4222 VBD denotes stimulated
T1860 4223-4228 NNP denotes TNF-α
T1861 4229-4239 NN denotes expression
T1862 4240-4243 CC denotes and
T1863 4244-4253 NN denotes secretion
T1864 4253-4254 . denotes .
T1865 4255-4260 DT denotes These
T1866 4261-4270 NNS denotes responses
T1867 4271-4275 VBD denotes were
T1868 4276-4280 RBR denotes more
T1869 4281-4291 JJ denotes pronounced
T1870 4292-4297 IN denotes after
T1871 4298-4300 CD denotes 40
T1872 4301-4304 NNP denotes kDa
T1873 4305-4309 NNP denotes dCGN
T1874 4310-4318 NN denotes exposure
T1875 4319-4322 CC denotes and
T1876 4323-4327 VBD denotes were
T1877 4328-4334 VBN denotes linked
T1878 4335-4337 TO denotes to
T1879 4338-4343 NNP denotes NF-κB
T1880 4344-4354 NN denotes activation
T1881 4354-4355 . denotes .
T1882 4356-4358 IN denotes In
T1883 4359-4367 NN denotes addition
T1884 4367-4368 , denotes ,
T1885 4369-4372 DT denotes the
T1886 4373-4375 CD denotes 40
T1887 4376-4379 NNP denotes kDa
T1888 4380-4384 NNP denotes dCGN
T1889 4384-4385 , denotes ,
T1890 4386-4389 CC denotes but
T1891 4390-4393 RB denotes not
T1892 4394-4397 DT denotes the
T1893 4398-4400 CD denotes 10
T1894 4401-4404 NNP denotes kDa
T1895 4405-4409 NNP denotes dCGN
T1896 4410-4417 VBD denotes induced
T1897 4418-4420 IN denotes in
T1898 4421-4425 NN denotes vivo
T1899 4426-4433 NNS denotes colitis
T1900 4434-4436 IN denotes as
T1901 4437-4442 VBN denotes shown
T1902 4443-4445 IN denotes by
T1903 4446-4449 DT denotes the
T1904 4450-4462 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1905 4463-4471 NN denotes response
T1906 4472-4474 IN denotes in
T1907 4475-4478 DT denotes the
T1908 4479-4482 NN denotes rat
T1909 4483-4488 NN denotes colon
T1910 4488-4489 . denotes .
T1911 4490-4495 DT denotes These
T1912 4496-4503 NNS denotes results
T1913 4504-4511 VBP denotes suggest
T1914 4512-4516 IN denotes that
T1915 4517-4520 DT denotes the
T1916 4521-4529 JJ denotes degraded
T1917 4530-4535 NNS denotes forms
T1918 4536-4538 IN denotes of
T1919 4539-4542 NNP denotes CGN
T1920 4543-4547 VBP denotes have
T1921 4548-4550 DT denotes an
T1922 4551-4560 JJ denotes important
T1923 4561-4567 NN denotes effect
T1924 4568-4570 IN denotes on
T1925 4571-4580 NNS denotes monocytes
T1926 4581-4590 VBG denotes resulting
T1927 4591-4593 IN denotes in
T1928 4594-4596 DT denotes an
T1929 4597-4609 JJ denotes inflammatory
T1930 4610-4619 NN denotes phenotype
T1931 4619-4620 . denotes .
T2416 4645-4656 NNP denotes Preparation
T2417 4657-4659 IN denotes of
T2418 4660-4668 NNP denotes Degraded
T2419 4669-4680 NNP denotes Carrageenan
T2420 4681-4684 CD denotes Two
T2421 4685-4697 NNS denotes preparations
T2422 4698-4700 IN denotes of
T2423 4701-4709 JJ denotes degraded
T2424 4710-4721 NN denotes carrageenan
T2425 4722-4726 IN denotes with
T2426 4727-4730 JJ denotes low
T2427 4730-4731 , denotes ,
T2428 4732-4733 -LRB- denotes (
T2429 4733-4734 FW denotes ∼
T2430 4734-4736 CD denotes 10
T2431 4737-4740 NN denotes kDa
T2432 4740-4741 : denotes ;
T2433 4742-4745 NNP denotes C10
T2434 4745-4746 -RRB- denotes )
T2435 4746-4747 , denotes ,
T2436 4748-4751 CC denotes and
T2437 4752-4758 NN denotes medium
T2438 4758-4759 , denotes ,
T2439 4760-4761 -LRB- denotes (
T2440 4761-4762 FW denotes ∼
T2441 4762-4764 CD denotes 40
T2442 4765-4768 NN denotes kDa
T2443 4768-4769 : denotes ;
T2444 4770-4773 NNP denotes C40
T2445 4773-4774 -RRB- denotes )
T2446 4775-4784 JJ denotes molecular
T2447 4785-4791 NN denotes weight
T2448 4792-4796 VBD denotes were
T2449 4797-4805 VBN denotes prepared
T2450 4806-4810 IN denotes from
T2451 4811-4817 JJ denotes native
T2452 4818-4834 JJ denotes iota-carrageenan
T2453 4835-4844 VBN denotes extracted
T2454 4845-4849 IN denotes from
T2455 4850-4857 NNP denotes Euchema
T2456 4858-4866 NN denotes spinosum
T2457 4867-4868 -LRB- denotes (
T2458 4868-4878 RB denotes generously
T2459 4879-4887 VBN denotes provided
T2460 4888-4890 IN denotes by
T2461 4891-4897 NNP denotes Sanofi
T2462 4898-4908 NNPS denotes Biosystems
T2463 4909-4917 NNP denotes Industry
T2464 4917-4918 , denotes ,
T2465 4919-4939 NNP denotes Boulogne-Billancourt
T2466 4939-4940 , denotes ,
T2467 4941-4947 NNP denotes France
T2468 4947-4948 -RRB- denotes )
T2469 4948-4949 . denotes .
T2470 4950-4956 JJ denotes Native
T2471 4957-4968 NN denotes carrageenan
T2472 4969-4972 VBD denotes was
T2473 4973-4982 VBN denotes dissolved
T2474 4983-4985 IN denotes in
T2475 4986-4995 JJ denotes distilled
T2476 4996-5001 NN denotes water
T2477 5002-5003 -LRB- denotes (
T2478 5003-5004 CD denotes 5
T2479 5004-5005 NN denotes %
T2480 5006-5009 NN denotes w/v
T2481 5009-5010 -RRB- denotes )
T2482 5011-5016 IN denotes under
T2483 5017-5025 JJ denotes vigorous
T2484 5026-5034 VBG denotes stirring
T2485 5035-5038 CC denotes and
T2486 5039-5045 VBN denotes heated
T2487 5046-5048 TO denotes to
T2488 5049-5051 CD denotes 60
T2489 5051-5052 CD denotes °
T2490 5052-5054 NNP denotes C.
T2491 5055-5059 RB denotes Then
T2492 5059-5060 , denotes ,
T2493 5061-5064 DT denotes the
T2494 5065-5076 NN denotes carrageenan
T2495 5077-5085 NN denotes solution
T2496 5086-5089 VBD denotes was
T2497 5090-5099 VBN denotes submitted
T2498 5100-5102 TO denotes to
T2499 5103-5106 CD denotes two
T2500 5107-5116 JJ denotes different
T2501 5117-5127 NNS denotes treatments
T2502 5128-5130 TO denotes to
T2503 5131-5137 VB denotes obtain
T2504 5138-5142 DT denotes both
T2505 5143-5146 JJ denotes low
T2506 5147-5150 CC denotes and
T2507 5151-5157 JJ denotes medium
T2508 5158-5167 JJ denotes molecular
T2509 5168-5174 NN denotes weight
T2510 5175-5184 NNS denotes fractions
T2511 5184-5185 . denotes .
T2512 5186-5193 RB denotes Briefly
T2513 5193-5194 , denotes ,
T2514 5195-5198 IN denotes for
T2515 5199-5202 DT denotes the
T2516 5203-5206 JJ denotes low
T2517 5207-5216 JJ denotes molecular
T2518 5217-5223 NN denotes weight
T2519 5224-5232 NN denotes fraction
T2520 5232-5233 , denotes ,
T2521 5234-5245 NN denotes carrageenan
T2522 5246-5254 NN denotes solution
T2523 5255-5258 VBD denotes was
T2524 5259-5269 VBN denotes hydrolyzed
T2525 5270-5274 IN denotes with
T2526 5275-5278 CD denotes 0.3
T2527 5278-5279 NN denotes %
T2528 5280-5281 -LRB- denotes (
T2529 5281-5284 FW denotes v/v
T2530 5284-5285 -RRB- denotes )
T2531 5286-5298 VBD denotes concentrated
T2532 5299-5308 JJ denotes sulphuric
T2533 5309-5313 NN denotes acid
T2534 5314-5317 IN denotes for
T2535 5318-5320 CD denotes 15
T2536 5321-5324 NN denotes min
T2537 5325-5327 IN denotes at
T2538 5328-5330 CD denotes 80
T2539 5330-5331 CD denotes °
T2540 5331-5332 NNP denotes C
T2541 5332-5333 . denotes .
T2542 5334-5339 IN denotes After
T2543 5340-5354 NN denotes neutralization
T2544 5355-5359 IN denotes with
T2545 5360-5364 NNP denotes NaOH
T2546 5365-5367 NNP denotes 4N
T2547 5367-5368 , denotes ,
T2548 5369-5372 DT denotes the
T2549 5373-5381 NN denotes solution
T2550 5382-5385 VBD denotes was
T2551 5386-5391 JJ denotes ultra
T2552 5392-5400 VBN denotes filtered
T2553 5401-5408 IN denotes through
T2554 5409-5410 DT denotes a
T2555 5411-5417 JJ denotes hollow
T2556 5418-5423 NN denotes fibre
T2557 5424-5433 NN denotes cartridge
T2558 5434-5438 IN denotes with
T2559 5439-5441 NNP denotes MW
T2560 5442-5449 NN denotes cut-off
T2561 5450-5451 CD denotes 5
T2562 5452-5455 NNP denotes kDa
T2563 5455-5456 , denotes ,
T2564 5457-5458 -LRB- denotes (
T2565 5458-5464 NNP denotes Amicon
T2566 5465-5468 NNP denotes Inc
T2567 5468-5469 , denotes ,
T2568 5470-5477 NNP denotes Beverly
T2569 5477-5478 , denotes ,
T2570 5479-5482 NNP denotes USA
T2571 5482-5483 -RRB- denotes )
T2572 5483-5484 . denotes .
T2573 5485-5488 IN denotes For
T2574 5489-5492 DT denotes the
T2575 5493-5499 NN denotes medium
T2576 5500-5509 JJ denotes molecular
T2577 5510-5516 NN denotes weight
T2578 5517-5525 NN denotes fraction
T2579 5525-5526 , denotes ,
T2580 5527-5530 DT denotes the
T2581 5531-5542 NN denotes carrageenan
T2582 5543-5551 NN denotes solution
T2583 5552-5555 VBD denotes was
T2584 5556-5566 VBN denotes hydrolyzed
T2585 5567-5571 IN denotes with
T2586 5572-5575 CD denotes 0.3
T2587 5575-5576 NN denotes %
T2588 5577-5578 -LRB- denotes (
T2589 5578-5581 FW denotes v/v
T2590 5581-5582 -RRB- denotes )
T2591 5583-5595 VBD denotes concentrated
T2592 5596-5605 JJ denotes sulphuric
T2593 5606-5610 NN denotes acid
T2594 5611-5614 IN denotes for
T2595 5615-5617 CD denotes 30
T2596 5618-5621 NN denotes min
T2597 5622-5624 IN denotes at
T2598 5625-5627 CD denotes 60
T2599 5627-5628 CD denotes °
T2600 5628-5629 NNP denotes C
T2601 5629-5630 . denotes .
T2602 5631-5636 IN denotes After
T2603 5637-5651 NN denotes neutralization
T2604 5651-5652 , denotes ,
T2605 5653-5656 DT denotes the
T2606 5657-5668 NN denotes supernatant
T2607 5669-5672 VBD denotes was
T2608 5673-5678 JJ denotes ultra
T2609 5679-5687 VBN denotes filtered
T2610 5688-5689 -LRB- denotes (
T2611 5689-5691 NNP denotes MW
T2612 5692-5699 NN denotes cut-off
T2613 5700-5703 CD denotes 100
T2614 5704-5707 NNP denotes kDa
T2615 5707-5708 -RRB- denotes )
T2616 5708-5709 . denotes .
T2617 5710-5713 DT denotes The
T2618 5714-5722 NN denotes filtrate
T2619 5723-5726 VBD denotes was
T2620 5727-5736 VBN denotes submitted
T2621 5737-5739 TO denotes to
T2622 5740-5741 DT denotes a
T2623 5742-5748 JJ denotes second
T2624 5749-5754 NN denotes ultra
T2625 5755-5765 NN denotes filtration
T2626 5766-5767 -LRB- denotes (
T2627 5767-5769 NNP denotes MW
T2628 5770-5777 NN denotes cut-off
T2629 5778-5779 CD denotes 5
T2630 5780-5783 NNP denotes kDa
T2631 5783-5784 -RRB- denotes )
T2632 5784-5785 . denotes .
T2633 5786-5790 DT denotes Both
T2634 5791-5803 NNS denotes preparations
T2635 5804-5806 IN denotes of
T2636 5807-5811 NNP denotes dCGN
T2637 5812-5816 VBD denotes were
T2638 5817-5829 VBN denotes precipitated
T2639 5830-5834 IN denotes with
T2640 5835-5836 CD denotes 4
T2641 5837-5844 NNS denotes volumes
T2642 5845-5847 IN denotes of
T2643 5848-5850 CD denotes 95
T2644 5850-5851 NN denotes %
T2645 5852-5859 NN denotes ethanol
T2646 5859-5860 , denotes ,
T2647 5861-5866 VBD denotes dried
T2648 5867-5869 IN denotes at
T2649 5870-5874 NN denotes room
T2650 5875-5886 NN denotes temperature
T2651 5887-5890 CC denotes and
T2652 5891-5897 NN denotes ground
T2653 5898-5900 TO denotes to
T2654 5901-5906 JJ denotes small
T2655 5907-5916 NNS denotes particles
T2656 5917-5918 -LRB- denotes (
T2657 5918-5919 CD denotes 1
T2658 5920-5922 NN denotes mm
T2659 5923-5925 IN denotes in
T2660 5926-5934 NN denotes diameter
T2661 5934-5935 -RRB- denotes )
T2662 5935-5936 . denotes .
T2663 5937-5942 VBG denotes Using
T2664 5943-5957 NN denotes gel-permeation
T2665 5958-5972 NN denotes chromatography
T2666 5973-5975 IN denotes in
T2667 5976-5987 NN denotes combination
T2668 5988-5992 IN denotes with
T2669 5993-5998 JJ denotes light
T2670 5999-6009 VBG denotes scattering
T2671 6010-6022 NNS denotes measurements
T2672 6023-6024 -LRB- denotes (
T2673 6024-6027 VB denotes see
T2674 6028-6034 NNP denotes Viebke
T2675 6035-6037 FW denotes et
T2676 6038-6041 FW denotes al.
T2677 6042-6043 NNP denotes [
T2678 6043-6045 CD denotes 21
T2679 6045-6046 NNP denotes ]
T2680 6046-6047 -RRB- denotes )
T2681 6047-6048 , denotes ,
T2682 6049-6051 PRP denotes it
T2683 6052-6055 VBD denotes was
T2684 6056-6065 VBN denotes confirmed
T2685 6066-6070 IN denotes that
T2686 6071-6074 DT denotes the
T2687 6075-6078 JJ denotes low
T2688 6079-6087 NN denotes fraction
T2689 6088-6091 VBD denotes had
T2690 6092-6094 DT denotes an
T2691 6095-6102 JJ denotes average
T2692 6103-6112 JJ denotes molecular
T2693 6113-6119 NN denotes weight
T2694 6120-6122 IN denotes of
T2695 6123-6125 CD denotes 10
T2696 6126-6129 NN denotes kDa
T2697 6129-6130 , denotes ,
T2698 6131-6134 CC denotes and
T2699 6135-6138 DT denotes the
T2700 6139-6145 NN denotes medium
T2701 6146-6154 NN denotes fraction
T2702 6155-6157 IN denotes of
T2703 6158-6160 CD denotes 40
T2704 6161-6164 NN denotes kDa
T2705 6164-6165 . denotes .
T2706 6166-6169 DT denotes The
T2707 6170-6178 NN denotes sulphate
T2708 6179-6186 NN denotes content
T2709 6187-6189 IN denotes of
T2710 6190-6205 NNS denotes polysaccharides
T2711 6206-6208 IN denotes in
T2712 6209-6213 DT denotes both
T2713 6214-6223 NNS denotes fractions
T2714 6224-6227 VBD denotes was
T2715 6228-6236 VBN denotes measured
T2716 6237-6246 VBG denotes following
T2717 6247-6250 DT denotes the
T2718 6251-6257 NN denotes method
T2719 6258-6260 IN denotes of
T2720 6261-6269 NNP denotes Quemener
T2721 6270-6272 FW denotes et
T2722 6273-6276 FW denotes al.
T2723 6277-6278 NNP denotes [
T2724 6278-6280 CD denotes 22
T2725 6280-6281 NNP denotes ]
T2726 6281-6282 . denotes .
T2727 6283-6290 RB denotes Finally
T2728 6290-6291 , denotes ,
T2729 6292-6295 DT denotes the
T2730 6296-6303 NN denotes absence
T2731 6304-6306 IN denotes of
T2732 6307-6321 NN denotes polysaccharide
T2733 6322-6331 NN denotes structure
T2734 6332-6345 NNS denotes modifications
T2735 6346-6348 IN denotes in
T2736 6349-6352 DT denotes the
T2737 6353-6356 CD denotes two
T2738 6357-6366 NNS denotes fractions
T2739 6367-6370 VBD denotes was
T2740 6371-6380 VBN denotes confirmed
T2741 6381-6386 VBG denotes using
T2742 6387-6393 JJ denotes 2H-NMR
T2743 6394-6406 NN denotes spectroscopy
T2744 6406-6407 . denotes .
T2745 6408-6411 DT denotes The
T2746 6412-6419 NN denotes absence
T2747 6420-6422 IN denotes of
T2748 6423-6426 NNP denotes LPS
T2749 6427-6440 NN denotes contamination
T2750 6441-6443 IN denotes in
T2751 6444-6447 DT denotes the
T2752 6448-6451 CD denotes two
T2753 6452-6461 NNS denotes fractions
T2754 6462-6465 VBD denotes was
T2755 6466-6475 VBN denotes confirmed
T2756 6476-6481 VBG denotes using
T2757 6482-6485 DT denotes the
T2758 6486-6494 JJ denotes e-Toxate
T2759 6494-6495 NN denotes ®
T2760 6496-6499 NN denotes kit
T2761 6500-6501 -LRB- denotes (
T2762 6501-6506 NNP denotes Sigma
T2763 6506-6507 , denotes ,
T2764 6508-6510 NNP denotes St
T2765 6511-6518 NNP denotes Quentin
T2766 6519-6528 NNP denotes Fallavier
T2767 6528-6529 , denotes ,
T2768 6530-6536 NNP denotes France
T2769 6536-6537 -RRB- denotes )
T2770 6537-6538 . denotes .
T2771 6539-6545 IN denotes Before
T2772 6546-6549 NN denotes use
T2773 6550-6552 IN denotes in
T2774 6553-6557 NN denotes cell
T2775 6558-6565 NN denotes culture
T2776 6565-6566 , denotes ,
T2777 6567-6570 DT denotes the
T2778 6571-6574 CD denotes two
T2779 6575-6584 NNS denotes fractions
T2780 6585-6589 VBD denotes were
T2781 6590-6599 VBN denotes dissolved
T2782 6600-6602 IN denotes in
T2783 6603-6611 JJ denotes complete
T2784 6612-6618 NN denotes medium
T2785 6619-6625 IN denotes during
T2786 6626-6628 CD denotes 30
T2787 6629-6632 NN denotes min
T2788 6633-6635 IN denotes at
T2789 6636-6638 CD denotes 56
T2790 6638-6639 CD denotes °
T2791 6639-6641 NNP denotes C.
T2945 6643-6650 NNS denotes Animals
T2946 6650-6651 , denotes ,
T2947 6652-6661 NNPS denotes Chemicals
T2948 6662-6665 CC denotes and
T2949 6666-6670 NNP denotes Diet
T2950 6671-6675 NNP denotes Male
T2951 6676-6682 NNP denotes Wistar
T2952 6683-6687 NNS denotes rats
T2953 6688-6689 -LRB- denotes (
T2954 6689-6692 CD denotes 150
T2955 6693-6694 JJ denotes g
T2956 6695-6702 JJ denotes average
T2957 6703-6709 NN denotes weight
T2958 6709-6710 -RRB- denotes )
T2959 6711-6715 VBD denotes were
T2960 6716-6722 VBN denotes housed
T2961 6723-6728 IN denotes under
T2962 6729-6737 JJ denotes standard
T2963 6738-6748 NNS denotes conditions
T2964 6749-6752 CC denotes and
T2965 6753-6756 VBN denotes fed
T2966 6757-6759 NN denotes ad
T2967 6760-6767 NN denotes libitum
T2968 6768-6772 IN denotes with
T2969 6773-6781 JJ denotes standard
T2970 6782-6788 NN denotes rodent
T2971 6789-6799 NN denotes laboratory
T2972 6800-6804 NN denotes chow
T2973 6804-6805 . denotes .
T2974 6806-6814 JJ denotes Degraded
T2975 6815-6832 NNS denotes iota-carrageenans
T2976 6833-6837 VBD denotes were
T2977 6838-6850 VBN denotes administered
T2978 6851-6853 IN denotes in
T2979 6854-6857 DT denotes the
T2980 6858-6866 NN denotes drinking
T2981 6867-6872 NN denotes water
T2982 6873-6874 -LRB- denotes (
T2983 6874-6875 CD denotes 5
T2984 6875-6876 NN denotes %
T2985 6877-6880 NN denotes w/v
T2986 6880-6881 -RRB- denotes )
T2987 6882-6885 IN denotes for
T2988 6886-6888 CD denotes 55
T2989 6889-6893 NNS denotes days
T2990 6894-6896 TO denotes to
T2991 6897-6898 CD denotes 2
T2992 6899-6905 NNS denotes groups
T2993 6906-6908 IN denotes of
T2994 6909-6912 CD denotes six
T2995 6913-6920 NNS denotes animals
T2996 6921-6925 DT denotes each
T2997 6925-6926 . denotes .
T2998 6927-6930 DT denotes The
T2999 6931-6936 JJ denotes first
T3000 6937-6942 NN denotes group
T3001 6943-6951 VBD denotes received
T3002 6952-6955 DT denotes the
T3003 6956-6959 JJ denotes low
T3004 6960-6969 JJ denotes molecular
T3005 6970-6976 NN denotes weight
T3006 6977-6988 NN denotes carrageenan
T3007 6989-6990 -LRB- denotes (
T3008 6990-6992 CD denotes 10
T3009 6993-6996 NNP denotes kDa
T3010 6997-7001 NNP denotes dCGN
T3011 7001-7002 -RRB- denotes )
T3012 7003-7006 CC denotes and
T3013 7007-7010 DT denotes the
T3014 7011-7017 JJ denotes second
T3015 7018-7026 VBD denotes received
T3016 7027-7030 DT denotes the
T3017 7031-7037 NN denotes medium
T3018 7038-7047 JJ denotes molecular
T3019 7048-7054 NN denotes weight
T3020 7055-7066 NN denotes carrageenan
T3021 7067-7068 -LRB- denotes (
T3022 7068-7070 CD denotes 40
T3023 7071-7074 NNP denotes kDa
T3024 7075-7079 NNP denotes dCGN
T3025 7079-7080 -RRB- denotes )
T3026 7080-7081 . denotes .
T3027 7082-7084 DT denotes An
T3028 7085-7095 JJ denotes additional
T3029 7096-7101 NN denotes group
T3030 7102-7104 IN denotes of
T3031 7105-7109 CD denotes four
T3032 7110-7114 NNS denotes rats
T3033 7115-7119 VBD denotes were
T3034 7120-7130 VBN denotes maintained
T3035 7131-7133 IN denotes on
T3036 7134-7141 JJ denotes regular
T3037 7142-7145 VBP denotes tap
T3038 7146-7151 NN denotes water
T3039 7152-7153 -LRB- denotes (
T3040 7153-7160 NN denotes control
T3041 7161-7166 NN denotes group
T3042 7166-7167 -RRB- denotes )
T3043 7167-7168 . denotes .
T3044 7169-7171 TO denotes To
T3045 7172-7180 VB denotes increase
T3046 7181-7193 NN denotes palatability
T3047 7194-7197 CD denotes 0.2
T3048 7197-7198 NN denotes %
T3049 7199-7206 NN denotes sucrose
T3050 7207-7210 VBD denotes was
T3051 7211-7216 VBN denotes added
T3052 7217-7219 TO denotes to
T3053 7220-7223 DT denotes the
T3054 7224-7232 NN denotes drinking
T3055 7233-7238 NN denotes water
T3056 7239-7241 IN denotes of
T3057 7242-7245 DT denotes all
T3058 7246-7252 NNS denotes groups
T3059 7253-7254 -LRB- denotes (
T3060 7254-7257 NNP denotes Van
T3061 7258-7261 NN denotes der
T3062 7262-7267 NNP denotes Waaji
T3063 7268-7270 FW denotes et
T3064 7271-7274 FW denotes al.
T3065 7274-7275 , denotes ,
T3066 7276-7277 NNP denotes [
T3067 7277-7279 CD denotes 23
T3068 7279-7280 NNP denotes ]
T3069 7280-7281 -RRB- denotes )
T3070 7281-7282 . denotes .
T3071 7283-7288 JJ denotes Fresh
T3072 7289-7300 NN denotes carrageenan
T3073 7301-7310 NNS denotes solutions
T3074 7311-7315 VBD denotes were
T3075 7316-7324 JJ denotes prepared
T3076 7325-7330 JJ denotes daily
T3077 7330-7331 . denotes .
T3368 7333-7343 NN denotes Evaluation
T3369 7344-7346 IN denotes of
T3370 7347-7354 NNP denotes Colitis
T3371 7355-7359 NNP denotes Body
T3372 7360-7366 NN denotes weight
T3373 7366-7367 , denotes ,
T3374 7368-7374 NN denotes liquid
T3375 7375-7378 CC denotes and
T3376 7379-7383 NN denotes food
T3377 7384-7395 NN denotes consumption
T3378 7395-7396 , denotes ,
T3379 7397-7405 NN denotes diarrhea
T3380 7406-7409 CC denotes and
T3381 7410-7416 JJ denotes rectal
T3382 7417-7425 NN denotes bleeding
T3383 7426-7427 -LRB- denotes (
T3384 7427-7435 VBN denotes detected
T3385 7436-7438 IN denotes by
T3386 7439-7442 NN denotes eye
T3387 7443-7453 NN denotes inspection
T3388 7453-7454 -RRB- denotes )
T3389 7455-7459 VBD denotes were
T3390 7460-7468 VBN denotes recorded
T3391 7469-7479 IN denotes throughout
T3392 7480-7483 DT denotes the
T3393 7484-7491 NN denotes feeding
T3394 7492-7498 NN denotes period
T3395 7498-7499 . denotes .
T3396 7500-7505 IN denotes After
T3397 7506-7508 CD denotes 55
T3398 7509-7513 NNS denotes days
T3399 7513-7514 , denotes ,
T3400 7515-7522 NNS denotes animals
T3401 7523-7527 VBD denotes were
T3402 7528-7538 VBN denotes sacrificed
T3403 7539-7541 IN denotes by
T3404 7542-7550 JJ denotes cervical
T3405 7551-7562 NN denotes dislocation
T3406 7562-7563 . denotes .
T3407 7564-7567 DT denotes The
T3408 7568-7574 NN denotes length
T3409 7575-7577 IN denotes of
T3410 7578-7581 DT denotes the
T3411 7582-7587 NN denotes colon
T3412 7588-7591 VBD denotes was
T3413 7592-7600 VBN denotes measured
T3414 7601-7603 IN denotes as
T3415 7604-7613 VBN denotes described
T3416 7614-7616 IN denotes by
T3417 7617-7625 NNP denotes Okayashu
T3418 7626-7628 FW denotes et
T3419 7629-7632 FW denotes al.
T3420 7633-7634 NNP denotes [
T3421 7634-7636 CD denotes 24
T3422 7636-7637 NNP denotes ]
T3423 7637-7638 . denotes .
T3424 7639-7643 RB denotes Then
T3425 7643-7644 , denotes ,
T3426 7645-7649 DT denotes each
T3427 7650-7655 NN denotes colon
T3428 7656-7659 VBD denotes was
T3429 7660-7667 VBN denotes ligated
T3430 7668-7670 IN denotes in
T3431 7671-7679 NNS denotes sections
T3432 7680-7682 IN denotes of
T3433 7683-7684 CD denotes 2
T3434 7685-7687 NN denotes cm
T3435 7688-7691 CC denotes and
T3436 7692-7693 CD denotes 1
T3437 7694-7696 TO denotes to
T3438 7697-7698 CD denotes 2
T3439 7699-7701 NN denotes ml
T3440 7702-7704 IN denotes of
T3441 7705-7707 CD denotes 10
T3442 7707-7708 NN denotes %
T3443 7709-7717 NN denotes formalin
T3444 7718-7721 VBD denotes was
T3445 7722-7729 VBN denotes infused
T3446 7730-7734 IN denotes into
T3447 7735-7738 DT denotes the
T3448 7739-7749 JJ denotes intestinal
T3449 7750-7755 NNS denotes lumen
T3450 7755-7756 . denotes .
T3451 7757-7760 DT denotes The
T3452 7761-7771 RB denotes moderately
T3453 7772-7781 JJ denotes distended
T3454 7782-7789 NN denotes segment
T3455 7790-7793 VBD denotes was
T3456 7794-7803 VBN denotes sectioned
T3457 7804-7807 CC denotes and
T3458 7808-7813 VBN denotes fixed
T3459 7814-7816 IN denotes in
T3460 7817-7819 CD denotes 10
T3461 7819-7820 NN denotes %
T3462 7821-7829 NN denotes formalin
T3463 7829-7830 . denotes .
T3464 7831-7834 DT denotes The
T3465 7835-7844 JJ denotes following
T3466 7845-7848 NN denotes day
T3467 7848-7849 , denotes ,
T3468 7850-7853 DT denotes the
T3469 7854-7864 JJ denotes intestinal
T3470 7865-7872 NN denotes content
T3471 7873-7876 VBD denotes was
T3472 7877-7884 VBN denotes removed
T3473 7885-7887 IN denotes by
T3474 7888-7897 VBG denotes vortexing
T3475 7897-7898 . denotes .
T3476 7899-7902 DT denotes The
T3477 7903-7908 VBN denotes fixed
T3478 7909-7916 NN denotes segment
T3479 7917-7920 VBD denotes was
T3480 7921-7925 VBN denotes kept
T3481 7926-7928 IN denotes in
T3482 7929-7931 CD denotes 10
T3483 7931-7932 NN denotes %
T3484 7933-7941 NN denotes formalin
T3485 7942-7944 IN denotes at
T3486 7945-7946 CD denotes 4
T3487 7946-7947 CD denotes °
T3488 7947-7948 NNP denotes C
T3489 7949-7954 IN denotes until
T3490 7955-7958 DT denotes the
T3491 7959-7967 NN denotes paraffin
T3492 7968-7977 NN denotes embedding
T3493 7978-7987 NN denotes procedure
T3494 7987-7988 . denotes .
T3495 7989-7991 TO denotes To
T3496 7992-8000 VB denotes evaluate
T3497 8001-8004 DT denotes the
T3498 8005-8011 NN denotes degree
T3499 8012-8014 IN denotes of
T3500 8015-8027 NN denotes inflammation
T3501 8027-8028 , denotes ,
T3502 8029-8033 DT denotes this
T3503 8034-8041 NN denotes segment
T3504 8042-8044 IN denotes of
T3505 8045-8050 NN denotes colon
T3506 8051-8054 VBD denotes was
T3507 8055-8061 VBN denotes opened
T3508 8062-8076 RB denotes longitudinally
T3509 8077-8080 CC denotes and
T3510 8081-8092 JJ denotes macroscopic
T3511 8093-8096 CC denotes and
T3512 8097-8109 JJ denotes histological
T3513 8110-8116 NNS denotes scores
T3514 8117-8119 IN denotes of
T3515 8120-8132 NN denotes inflammation
T3516 8133-8137 VBD denotes were
T3517 8138-8146 VBN denotes recorded
T3518 8147-8149 IN denotes as
T3519 8150-8160 RB denotes previously
T3520 8161-8170 VBN denotes described
T3521 8171-8172 NNP denotes [
T3522 8172-8174 CD denotes 25
T3523 8174-8175 NNP denotes ]
T3524 8175-8176 , denotes ,
T3525 8177-8178 NNP denotes [
T3526 8178-8180 CD denotes 26
T3527 8180-8181 NNP denotes ]
T3528 8181-8182 . denotes .
T3529 8183-8186 DT denotes The
T3530 8187-8196 NN denotes toluidine
T3531 8197-8201 JJ denotes blue
T3532 8202-8210 NN denotes staining
T3533 8211-8214 VBD denotes was
T3534 8215-8219 VBN denotes used
T3535 8220-8223 IN denotes for
T3536 8224-8238 NN denotes identification
T3537 8239-8241 IN denotes of
T3538 8242-8251 VBN denotes sulphated
T3539 8252-8267 NNS denotes polysaccharides
T3540 8268-8270 IN denotes in
T3541 8271-8274 DT denotes the
T3542 8275-8285 JJ denotes intestinal
T3543 8286-8292 NN denotes mucosa
T3544 8292-8293 . denotes .
T3545 8294-8296 IN denotes On
T3546 8297-8300 DT denotes the
T3547 8301-8304 NN denotes day
T3548 8305-8307 IN denotes of
T3549 8308-8317 NN denotes sacrifice
T3550 8317-8318 , denotes ,
T3551 8319-8320 DT denotes a
T3552 8321-8326 JJ denotes fresh
T3553 8327-8333 NN denotes sample
T3554 8334-8336 IN denotes of
T3555 8337-8341 DT denotes each
T3556 8342-8347 NN denotes colon
T3557 8348-8349 -LRB- denotes (
T3558 8349-8351 CD denotes 50
T3559 8352-8354 NN denotes mg
T3560 8354-8355 -RRB- denotes )
T3561 8356-8359 VBD denotes was
T3562 8360-8369 VBN denotes collected
T3563 8370-8373 IN denotes for
T3564 8374-8389 NN denotes myeloperoxidase
T3565 8390-8391 -LRB- denotes (
T3566 8391-8394 NNP denotes MPO
T3567 8394-8395 -RRB- denotes )
T3568 8396-8401 JJ denotes assay
T3569 8402-8411 VBG denotes according
T3570 8412-8414 TO denotes to
T3571 8415-8422 NNP denotes Krawisz
T3572 8423-8425 FW denotes et
T3573 8426-8429 FW denotes al.
T3574 8429-8430 , denotes ,
T3575 8431-8432 NNP denotes [
T3576 8432-8434 CD denotes 27
T3577 8434-8435 NNP denotes ]
T3578 8435-8436 . denotes .
T3579 8437-8440 DT denotes The
T3580 8441-8446 NN denotes level
T3581 8447-8449 IN denotes of
T3582 8450-8453 NNP denotes MPO
T3583 8453-8454 , denotes ,
T3584 8455-8461 RB denotes mainly
T3585 8462-8471 VBN denotes expressed
T3586 8472-8474 IN denotes by
T3587 8475-8486 NNS denotes neutrophils
T3588 8486-8487 , denotes ,
T3589 8488-8497 VBZ denotes indicates
T3590 8498-8501 DT denotes the
T3591 8502-8506 NN denotes rate
T3592 8507-8509 IN denotes of
T3593 8510-8521 NN denotes recruitment
T3594 8522-8524 IN denotes of
T3595 8525-8536 NNS denotes neutrophils
T3596 8537-8539 TO denotes to
T3597 8540-8543 DT denotes the
T3598 8544-8554 JJ denotes intestinal
T3599 8555-8561 NN denotes mucosa
T3600 8561-8562 . denotes .
T3601 8563-8566 CD denotes One
T3602 8567-8571 NN denotes unit
T3603 8572-8574 IN denotes of
T3604 8575-8578 NNP denotes MPO
T3605 8579-8587 NN denotes activity
T3606 8588-8599 VBZ denotes corresponds
T3607 8600-8602 TO denotes to
T3608 8603-8606 DT denotes the
T3609 8607-8618 NN denotes degradation
T3610 8619-8621 IN denotes of
T3611 8622-8623 CD denotes 1
T3612 8624-8628 NN denotes µmol
T3613 8629-8631 IN denotes of
T3614 8632-8640 NN denotes peroxide
T3615 8641-8644 IN denotes per
T3616 8645-8651 NN denotes minute
T3617 8652-8654 IN denotes at
T3618 8655-8657 CD denotes 25
T3619 8657-8658 CD denotes °
T3620 8658-8660 NNP denotes C.
T3816 8662-8666 NNP denotes Cell
T3817 8667-8674 NNP denotes Culture
T3818 8675-8678 NNP denotes All
T3819 8679-8685 NN denotes tissue
T3820 8686-8693 NN denotes culture
T3821 8694-8702 NNS denotes reagents
T3822 8703-8707 VBD denotes were
T3823 8708-8712 IN denotes from
T3824 8713-8723 NNP denotes Invitrogen
T3825 8724-8725 -LRB- denotes (
T3826 8725-8730 NNP denotes Cergy
T3827 8731-8739 NNP denotes Pontoise
T3828 8739-8740 , denotes ,
T3829 8741-8747 NNP denotes France
T3830 8747-8748 -RRB- denotes )
T3831 8748-8749 . denotes .
T3832 8750-8755 CD denotes THP-1
T3833 8756-8761 JJ denotes human
T3834 8762-8771 JJ denotes monocytic
T3835 8772-8777 NNS denotes cells
T3836 8778-8782 VBD denotes were
T3837 8783-8793 VBN denotes maintained
T3838 8794-8796 IN denotes in
T3839 8797-8806 NN denotes RPMI-1640
T3840 8807-8819 VBN denotes supplemented
T3841 8820-8824 IN denotes with
T3842 8825-8827 CD denotes 10
T3843 8827-8828 NN denotes %
T3844 8829-8832 NNP denotes FCS
T3845 8832-8833 , denotes ,
T3846 8834-8835 CD denotes 2
T3847 8836-8838 NNP denotes mM
T3848 8839-8840 NNP denotes L
T3849 8841-8842 : denotes -
T3850 8842-8851 NN denotes glutamine
T3851 8851-8852 , denotes ,
T3852 8853-8855 CD denotes 50
T3853 8856-8860 NN denotes U/ml
T3854 8861-8871 NN denotes penicillin
T3855 8872-8875 CC denotes and
T3856 8876-8878 CD denotes 50
T3857 8879-8884 JJ denotes mg/ml
T3858 8885-8897 NN denotes streptomycin
T3859 8898-8900 IN denotes at
T3860 8901-8903 CD denotes 37
T3861 8903-8904 CD denotes °
T3862 8904-8905 NNP denotes C
T3863 8906-8908 IN denotes in
T3864 8909-8910 DT denotes a
T3865 8911-8912 CD denotes 5
T3866 8912-8913 NN denotes %
T3867 8914-8917 CD denotes CO2
T3868 8918-8927 NN denotes incubator
T3869 8927-8928 . denotes .
T3870 8929-8934 JJ denotes Human
T3871 8935-8945 JJ denotes peripheral
T3872 8946-8951 NN denotes blood
T3873 8952-8963 NN denotes mononuclear
T3874 8964-8969 NNS denotes cells
T3875 8970-8974 VBD denotes were
T3876 8975-8983 VBN denotes obtained
T3877 8984-8988 IN denotes from
T3878 8989-9000 VBN denotes heparinized
T3879 9001-9006 NN denotes blood
T3880 9007-9009 IN denotes by
T3881 9010-9024 JJ denotes Ficoll-Hypaque
T3882 9025-9032 NN denotes density
T3883 9033-9041 NN denotes gradient
T3884 9041-9042 . denotes .
T3885 9043-9052 NNS denotes Monocytes
T3886 9053-9057 VBD denotes were
T3887 9058-9062 RB denotes then
T3888 9063-9071 VBN denotes isolated
T3889 9072-9074 IN denotes by
T3890 9075-9084 NN denotes adherence
T3891 9085-9087 TO denotes to
T3892 9088-9095 NN denotes culture
T3893 9096-9102 NNS denotes flasks
T3894 9103-9105 IN denotes as
T3895 9106-9115 VBN denotes described
T3896 9116-9117 NNP denotes [
T3897 9117-9119 CD denotes 28
T3898 9119-9120 NNP denotes ]
T3899 9120-9121 . denotes .
T3900 9122-9125 IN denotes For
T3901 9126-9130 NN denotes cell
T3902 9131-9142 NN denotes aggregation
T3903 9142-9143 , denotes ,
T3904 9144-9153 NNS denotes monocytes
T3905 9154-9158 VBD denotes were
T3906 9159-9167 VBN denotes cultured
T3907 9168-9170 IN denotes in
T3908 9171-9174 DT denotes the
T3909 9175-9183 NN denotes presence
T3910 9184-9186 CC denotes or
T3911 9187-9194 NN denotes absence
T3912 9195-9197 IN denotes of
T3913 9198-9201 CD denotes C10
T3914 9202-9204 CC denotes or
T3915 9205-9208 CD denotes C40
T3916 9209-9212 IN denotes for
T3917 9213-9215 CD denotes 72
T3918 9216-9218 NN denotes h.
T3919 9219-9223 NNP denotes Cell
T3920 9224-9232 NNS denotes colonies
T3921 9233-9237 VBD denotes were
T3922 9238-9247 VBN denotes monitored
T3923 9248-9253 IN denotes under
T3924 9254-9256 DT denotes an
T3925 9257-9265 JJ denotes inverted
T3926 9266-9271 NN denotes phase
T3927 9272-9280 NN denotes contrast
T3928 9281-9291 NN denotes microscope
T3929 9292-9299 VBN denotes coupled
T3930 9300-9307 IN denotes through
T3931 9308-9309 DT denotes a
T3932 9310-9315 NN denotes video
T3933 9316-9322 NN denotes camera
T3934 9323-9325 TO denotes to
T3935 9326-9327 DT denotes a
T3936 9328-9336 NN denotes computer
T3937 9336-9337 . denotes .
T3938 9338-9340 IN denotes In
T3939 9341-9345 DT denotes some
T3940 9346-9351 NNS denotes wells
T3941 9351-9352 , denotes ,
T3942 9353-9365 VBG denotes neutralizing
T3943 9366-9376 JJ denotes monoclonal
T3944 9377-9385 NN denotes antibody
T3945 9386-9388 TO denotes to
T3946 9389-9395 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T3947 9396-9397 -LRB- denotes (
T3948 9397-9400 CD denotes 2.5
T3949 9401-9403 NN denotes µg
T3950 9403-9404 NN denotes /
T3951 9404-9406 NN denotes ml
T3952 9406-9407 -RRB- denotes )
T3953 9408-9409 -LRB- denotes (
T3954 9409-9413 NNP denotes Tebu
T3955 9413-9414 , denotes ,
T3956 9415-9417 NNP denotes Le
T3957 9418-9424 NNP denotes Perray
T3958 9425-9427 IN denotes en
T3959 9428-9436 NNP denotes Yvelines
T3960 9436-9437 , denotes ,
T3961 9438-9444 NNP denotes France
T3962 9444-9445 -RRB- denotes )
T3963 9446-9449 VBD denotes was
T3964 9450-9455 VBN denotes added
T3965 9455-9456 . denotes .
T4100 9458-9462 NNP denotes Cell
T4101 9463-9468 NNP denotes Cycle
T4102 9469-9477 NNP denotes Analysis
T4103 9478-9483 NNP denotes THP-1
T4104 9484-9489 NNS denotes cells
T4105 9490-9492 IN denotes in
T4106 9493-9504 JJ denotes exponential
T4107 9505-9511 NN denotes growth
T4108 9512-9517 NN denotes phase
T4109 9518-9522 VBD denotes were
T4110 9523-9530 VBN denotes exposed
T4111 9531-9533 TO denotes to
T4112 9534-9542 VB denotes complete
T4113 9543-9549 NN denotes medium
T4114 9550-9552 IN denotes in
T4115 9553-9556 DT denotes the
T4116 9557-9565 NN denotes presence
T4117 9566-9568 CC denotes or
T4118 9569-9576 NN denotes absence
T4119 9577-9579 IN denotes of
T4120 9580-9592 NNS denotes carrageenans
T4121 9593-9596 IN denotes for
T4122 9597-9599 CD denotes 24
T4123 9600-9601 NN denotes h
T4124 9602-9608 IN denotes before
T4125 9609-9614 VBG denotes being
T4126 9615-9622 VBN denotes stained
T4127 9623-9627 IN denotes with
T4128 9628-9637 NN denotes propidium
T4129 9638-9644 NN denotes iodide
T4130 9645-9650 VBG denotes using
T4131 9651-9654 DT denotes the
T4132 9655-9663 NNP denotes DNA-Prep
T4133 9664-9671 NNP denotes Coulter
T4134 9672-9675 NN denotes kit
T4135 9676-9685 VBG denotes according
T4136 9686-9688 TO denotes to
T4137 9689-9692 DT denotes the
T4138 9693-9705 NN denotes manufacturer
T4139 9705-9707 POS denotes 's
T4140 9708-9719 NN denotes instruction
T4141 9720-9721 -LRB- denotes (
T4142 9721-9736 NNP denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4143 9736-9737 , denotes ,
T4144 9738-9748 NNP denotes Villepinte
T4145 9748-9749 , denotes ,
T4146 9750-9756 NNP denotes France
T4147 9756-9757 -RRB- denotes )
T4148 9757-9758 . denotes .
T4149 9759-9763 NNP denotes Cell
T4150 9764-9767 NNP denotes DNA
T4151 9768-9775 NN denotes content
T4152 9776-9779 VBD denotes was
T4153 9780-9784 RB denotes then
T4154 9785-9793 VBN denotes analyzed
T4155 9794-9796 IN denotes by
T4156 9797-9801 NN denotes flow
T4157 9802-9811 NN denotes cytometry
T4158 9812-9817 VBG denotes using
T4159 9818-9820 DT denotes an
T4160 9821-9826 NNP denotes EPICS
T4161 9827-9830 NNP denotes XL2
T4162 9831-9832 -LRB- denotes (
T4163 9832-9847 NNP denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4164 9847-9848 -RRB- denotes )
T4165 9848-9849 . denotes .
T4166 9850-9853 JJ denotes Raw
T4167 9854-9858 NNS denotes data
T4168 9859-9862 IN denotes for
T4169 9863-9866 DT denotes the
T4170 9867-9879 NN denotes distribution
T4171 9880-9882 IN denotes of
T4172 9883-9886 NNP denotes DNA
T4173 9887-9894 NN denotes content
T4174 9895-9897 IN denotes of
T4175 9898-9904 CD denotes 30,000
T4176 9905-9910 NNS denotes cells
T4177 9911-9920 VBN denotes retrieved
T4178 9921-9925 IN denotes from
T4179 9926-9929 DT denotes the
T4180 9930-9939 NN denotes cytometer
T4181 9940-9944 VBD denotes were
T4182 9945-9954 VBN denotes expressed
T4183 9955-9957 IN denotes as
T4184 9958-9961 DT denotes the
T4185 9962-9972 NN denotes percentage
T4186 9973-9975 IN denotes of
T4187 9976-9981 CD denotes G0/G1
T4188 9982-9989 IN denotes through
T4189 9990-9994 NNP denotes G2/M
T4190 9995-10006 NNS denotes populations
T4191 10006-10007 . denotes .
T4192 10008-10018 NNP denotes Multicycle
T4193 10019-10021 NNP denotes AV
T4194 10022-10030 NN denotes software
T4195 10031-10032 -LRB- denotes (
T4196 10032-10039 NNP denotes Phoenix
T4197 10040-10044 NNP denotes Flow
T4198 10045-10052 NNPS denotes Systems
T4199 10052-10053 , denotes ,
T4200 10054-10057 NNP denotes San
T4201 10058-10063 NNP denotes Diego
T4202 10063-10064 , denotes ,
T4203 10065-10067 NNP denotes CA
T4204 10067-10068 -RRB- denotes )
T4205 10069-10072 VBD denotes was
T4206 10073-10077 VBN denotes used
T4207 10078-10080 TO denotes to
T4208 10081-10089 VB denotes generate
T4209 10090-10093 NNP denotes DNA
T4210 10094-10101 JJ denotes content
T4211 10102-10111 NN denotes frequency
T4212 10112-10122 NNS denotes histograms
T4213 10123-10126 CC denotes and
T4214 10127-10137 VB denotes facilitate
T4215 10138-10142 NNS denotes data
T4216 10143-10151 NN denotes analysis
T4217 10151-10152 . denotes .
T4382 10154-10158 NNP denotes Cell
T4383 10159-10166 NNP denotes Surface
T4384 10167-10174 NNP denotes Antigen
T4385 10175-10185 NNP denotes Expression
T4386 10186-10194 NNP denotes Analysis
T4387 10195-10205 NNP denotes Peripheral
T4388 10206-10211 NNP denotes Blood
T4389 10212-10221 NNPS denotes Monocytes
T4390 10222-10224 CC denotes or
T4391 10225-10230 CD denotes THP-1
T4392 10231-10236 NNS denotes cells
T4393 10237-10241 VBD denotes were
T4394 10242-10249 VBN denotes exposed
T4395 10250-10252 TO denotes to
T4396 10253-10261 VB denotes complete
T4397 10262-10268 NN denotes medium
T4398 10269-10271 IN denotes in
T4399 10272-10275 DT denotes the
T4400 10276-10284 NN denotes presence
T4401 10285-10287 CC denotes or
T4402 10288-10295 NN denotes absence
T4403 10296-10298 IN denotes of
T4404 10299-10310 NN denotes carrageenan
T4405 10311-10314 IN denotes for
T4406 10315-10317 CD denotes 36
T4407 10318-10319 NN denotes h
T4408 10319-10320 . denotes .
T4409 10321-10326 IN denotes After
T4410 10327-10330 CD denotes two
T4411 10331-10337 NNS denotes washes
T4412 10338-10340 IN denotes in
T4413 10341-10344 NNP denotes PBS
T4414 10345-10352 IN denotes without
T4415 10353-10356 NNP denotes Ca2
T4416 10356-10357 NNP denotes +
T4417 10358-10361 CC denotes and
T4418 10362-10365 NNP denotes Mg2
T4419 10365-10366 NNP denotes +
T4420 10366-10367 , denotes ,
T4421 10368-10373 NNS denotes cells
T4422 10374-10378 VBD denotes were
T4423 10379-10388 VBN denotes incubated
T4424 10389-10391 IN denotes in
T4425 10392-10395 NNP denotes PBS
T4426 10396-10406 VBG denotes containing
T4427 10407-10410 CD denotes 0.1
T4428 10410-10411 NN denotes %
T4429 10412-10419 NN denotes gelatin
T4430 10420-10423 CC denotes and
T4431 10424-10425 CD denotes 8
T4432 10425-10426 NN denotes %
T4433 10427-10429 NNP denotes AB
T4434 10430-10435 JJ denotes human
T4435 10436-10441 NN denotes serum
T4436 10442-10444 TO denotes to
T4437 10445-10452 VB denotes prevent
T4438 10453-10460 JJ denotes binding
T4439 10461-10463 TO denotes to
T4440 10464-10466 VB denotes Fc
T4441 10467-10476 NNS denotes receptors
T4442 10476-10477 . denotes .
T4443 10478-10482 RB denotes Then
T4444 10482-10483 , denotes ,
T4445 10484-10485 CD denotes 5
T4446 10485-10486 NN denotes ×
T4447 10486-10489 CD denotes 105
T4448 10490-10495 NNS denotes cells
T4449 10496-10500 VBD denotes were
T4450 10501-10510 VBN denotes incubated
T4451 10511-10515 IN denotes with
T4452 10516-10523 JJ denotes primary
T4453 10524-10534 NNS denotes antibodies
T4454 10535-10537 IN denotes at
T4455 10538-10539 CD denotes 4
T4456 10539-10540 CD denotes °
T4457 10540-10541 NNP denotes C
T4458 10542-10545 IN denotes for
T4459 10546-10548 CD denotes 30
T4460 10549-10552 NN denotes min
T4461 10552-10553 . denotes .
T4462 10554-10557 CD denotes Two
T4463 10558-10563 JJ denotes other
T4464 10564-10570 NNS denotes washes
T4465 10571-10573 IN denotes in
T4466 10574-10577 NNP denotes PBS
T4467 10578-10586 VBD denotes preceded
T4468 10587-10597 NN denotes incubation
T4469 10598-10602 IN denotes with
T4470 10603-10618 JJ denotes FITC-conjugated
T4471 10619-10623 NN denotes goat
T4472 10624-10632 NN denotes antibody
T4473 10633-10643 JJ denotes anti-mouse
T4474 10644-10647 NNP denotes IgG
T4475 10648-10655 VBD denotes diluted
T4476 10656-10662 CD denotes 1/1000
T4477 10663-10665 IN denotes at
T4478 10666-10667 CD denotes 4
T4479 10667-10668 CD denotes °
T4480 10668-10669 NNP denotes C
T4481 10670-10673 IN denotes for
T4482 10674-10676 CD denotes 30
T4483 10677-10680 NN denotes min
T4484 10681-10682 -LRB- denotes (
T4485 10682-10686 NNP denotes Tebu
T4486 10686-10687 -RRB- denotes )
T4487 10687-10688 . denotes .
T4488 10689-10694 IN denotes After
T4489 10695-10698 CD denotes two
T4490 10699-10709 JJ denotes additional
T4491 10710-10716 NNS denotes washes
T4492 10716-10717 , denotes ,
T4493 10718-10726 NN denotes analysis
T4494 10727-10729 IN denotes of
T4495 10730-10737 JJ denotes stained
T4496 10738-10743 NNS denotes cells
T4497 10744-10747 VBD denotes was
T4498 10748-10757 VBN denotes performed
T4499 10758-10760 IN denotes on
T4500 10761-10763 DT denotes an
T4501 10764-10769 NNP denotes EPICS
T4502 10770-10773 NNP denotes XL2
T4503 10774-10775 -LRB- denotes (
T4504 10775-10790 NNP denotes Beckman-Coulter
T4505 10790-10791 -RRB- denotes )
T4506 10791-10792 . denotes .
T4507 10793-10796 DT denotes The
T4508 10797-10801 NN denotes cell
T4509 10802-10812 NN denotes population
T4510 10813-10816 VBD denotes was
T4511 10817-10822 VBN denotes gated
T4512 10823-10832 VBG denotes according
T4513 10833-10835 TO denotes to
T4514 10836-10839 PRP$ denotes its
T4515 10840-10847 JJ denotes forward
T4516 10848-10851 CC denotes and
T4517 10852-10862 JJ denotes wide-angle
T4518 10863-10868 JJ denotes light
T4519 10869-10879 NN denotes scattering
T4520 10879-10880 . denotes .
T4521 10881-10885 NNS denotes Data
T4522 10886-10890 VBD denotes were
T4523 10891-10900 VBN denotes expressed
T4524 10901-10903 IN denotes as
T4525 10904-10908 JJ denotes mean
T4526 10909-10917 JJ denotes relative
T4527 10918-10930 NN denotes fluorescence
T4528 10931-10940 NN denotes intensity
T4529 10941-10942 -LRB- denotes (
T4530 10942-10945 NNP denotes MFI
T4531 10945-10946 -RRB- denotes )
T4532 10947-10949 IN denotes of
T4533 10950-10954 CD denotes 3000
T4534 10955-10960 NNS denotes cells
T4535 10960-10961 . denotes .
T4648 10963-10966 NNP denotes TNF
T4649 10967-10975 NNP denotes Activity
T4650 10976-10984 NNP denotes Bioassay
T4651 10985-10994 NNPS denotes Monocytes
T4652 10995-10997 CC denotes or
T4653 10998-11003 CD denotes THP-1
T4654 11004-11009 NNS denotes cells
T4655 11010-11014 VBD denotes were
T4656 11015-11023 VBN denotes cultured
T4657 11024-11028 IN denotes with
T4658 11029-11031 CC denotes or
T4659 11032-11039 IN denotes without
T4660 11040-11049 JJ denotes different
T4661 11050-11064 NNS denotes concentrations
T4662 11065-11067 IN denotes of
T4663 11068-11072 NNS denotes CGNs
T4664 11073-11075 CC denotes or
T4665 11076-11079 NNP denotes LPS
T4666 11080-11081 -LRB- denotes (
T4667 11081-11091 NNP denotes Salmonella
T4668 11092-11099 NN denotes typhosa
T4669 11099-11100 , denotes ,
T4670 11101-11106 NNP denotes Sigma
T4671 11106-11107 -RRB- denotes )
T4672 11108-11111 IN denotes for
T4673 11112-11114 CD denotes 24
T4674 11115-11116 NN denotes h
T4675 11117-11119 CC denotes or
T4676 11120-11123 DT denotes the
T4677 11124-11133 JJ denotes indicated
T4678 11134-11138 NN denotes time
T4679 11138-11139 . denotes .
T4680 11140-11152 RB denotes Biologically
T4681 11153-11159 JJ denotes active
T4682 11160-11165 NNP denotes TNF-α
T4683 11165-11166 NN denotes /
T4684 11166-11167 NN denotes β
T4685 11168-11170 IN denotes in
T4686 11171-11177 NN denotes tissue
T4687 11178-11185 NN denotes culture
T4688 11186-11197 NN denotes supernatant
T4689 11198-11201 VBD denotes was
T4690 11202-11210 VBN denotes measured
T4691 11211-11216 VBG denotes using
T4692 11217-11220 DT denotes the
T4693 11221-11225 NNP denotes WEHI
T4694 11226-11229 CD denotes 164
T4695 11230-11235 NN denotes clone
T4696 11236-11243 JJ denotes 13-cell
T4697 11244-11251 VBG denotes killing
T4698 11252-11257 NN denotes assay
T4699 11258-11259 NNP denotes [
T4700 11259-11261 CD denotes 29
T4701 11261-11262 NNP denotes ]
T4702 11262-11263 . denotes .
T4703 11264-11267 NNP denotes TNF
T4704 11268-11282 NNS denotes concentrations
T4705 11283-11286 VBP denotes are
T4706 11287-11296 VBN denotes expressed
T4707 11297-11299 IN denotes as
T4708 11300-11305 NN denotes pg/ml
T4709 11305-11306 . denotes .
T4951 11308-11314 NNP denotes RT-PCR
T4952 11315-11323 NNP denotes Analysis
T4953 11324-11329 NNP denotes Total
T4954 11330-11333 NNP denotes RNA
T4955 11334-11338 IN denotes from
T4956 11339-11348 NNS denotes monocytes
T4957 11349-11352 VBD denotes was
T4958 11353-11361 VBN denotes isolated
T4959 11362-11367 VBG denotes using
T4960 11368-11374 NNP denotes TRIzol
T4961 11375-11382 NNP denotes Reagent
T4962 11382-11383 NNP denotes ™
T4963 11384-11385 -LRB- denotes (
T4964 11385-11395 NNP denotes Invitrogen
T4965 11395-11396 -RRB- denotes )
T4966 11396-11397 . denotes .
T4967 11398-11402 NNP denotes cDNA
T4968 11403-11406 VBD denotes was
T4969 11407-11416 VBN denotes generated
T4970 11417-11419 IN denotes on
T4971 11420-11421 CD denotes 1
T4972 11422-11424 NN denotes µg
T4973 11425-11427 IN denotes of
T4974 11428-11433 JJ denotes total
T4975 11434-11437 NNP denotes RNA
T4976 11438-11440 IN denotes in
T4977 11441-11442 DT denotes a
T4978 11443-11451 NN denotes reaction
T4979 11452-11458 NN denotes volume
T4980 11459-11461 IN denotes of
T4981 11462-11464 CD denotes 20
T4982 11465-11467 NN denotes µl
T4983 11467-11468 , denotes ,
T4984 11469-11474 VBG denotes using
T4985 11475-11480 NNP denotes M-MLV
T4986 11481-11488 VB denotes reverse
T4987 11489-11502 NN denotes transcriptase
T4988 11503-11504 -LRB- denotes (
T4989 11504-11514 NNP denotes Invitrogen
T4990 11514-11515 -RRB- denotes )
T4991 11515-11516 . denotes .
T4992 11517-11520 NNP denotes PCR
T4993 11521-11524 VBD denotes was
T4994 11525-11529 VBN denotes done
T4995 11530-11532 IN denotes in
T4996 11533-11536 DT denotes the
T4997 11537-11543 JJ denotes linear
T4998 11544-11549 NN denotes range
T4999 11550-11552 IN denotes of
T5000 11553-11566 NN denotes amplification
T5001 11567-11568 -LRB- denotes (
T5002 11568-11578 VBN denotes determined
T5003 11579-11582 IN denotes for
T5004 11583-11587 DT denotes each
T5005 11588-11594 NN denotes primer
T5006 11595-11604 NN denotes pair-cDNA
T5007 11605-11616 NN denotes combination
T5008 11616-11617 -RRB- denotes )
T5009 11617-11618 . denotes .
T5010 11619-11627 NNP denotes Standard
T5011 11628-11631 NNP denotes PCR
T5012 11632-11641 NNS denotes reactions
T5013 11642-11646 VBD denotes were
T5014 11647-11656 VBN denotes performed
T5015 11657-11661 IN denotes with
T5016 11662-11663 CD denotes 1
T5017 11664-11666 NN denotes µl
T5018 11667-11669 IN denotes of
T5019 11670-11673 DT denotes the
T5020 11674-11678 NNP denotes cDNA
T5021 11679-11687 NN denotes solution
T5022 11687-11688 , denotes ,
T5023 11689-11691 CD denotes 50
T5024 11692-11694 NN denotes µM
T5025 11695-11697 IN denotes of
T5026 11698-11702 DT denotes each
T5027 11703-11709 NN denotes primer
T5028 11710-11718 NN denotes solution
T5029 11718-11719 , denotes ,
T5030 11720-11722 CD denotes 10
T5031 11723-11725 NN denotes mM
T5032 11726-11728 IN denotes of
T5033 11729-11733 DT denotes each
T5034 11734-11738 NNP denotes dNTP
T5035 11738-11739 , denotes ,
T5036 11740-11742 CD denotes 25
T5037 11743-11745 NNP denotes mM
T5038 11746-11751 NNP denotes MgCl2
T5039 11751-11752 , denotes ,
T5040 11753-11756 NNP denotes 10X
T5041 11757-11765 NNP denotes Goldstar
T5042 11766-11769 NNP denotes DNA
T5043 11770-11780 NN denotes polymerase
T5044 11781-11789 NN denotes reaction
T5045 11790-11796 NN denotes buffer
T5046 11796-11797 , denotes ,
T5047 11798-11801 CC denotes and
T5048 11802-11805 CD denotes 0.5
T5049 11806-11811 NNS denotes units
T5050 11812-11814 IN denotes of
T5051 11815-11823 NNP denotes Goldstar
T5052 11824-11827 NNP denotes DNA
T5053 11828-11838 NN denotes polymerase
T5054 11839-11840 -LRB- denotes (
T5055 11840-11850 NNP denotes Eurogentec
T5056 11850-11851 , denotes ,
T5057 11852-11859 NNP denotes Seraing
T5058 11859-11860 , denotes ,
T5059 11861-11868 NNP denotes Belgium
T5060 11868-11869 -RRB- denotes )
T5061 11869-11870 . denotes .
T5062 11871-11876 NNP denotes First
T5063 11877-11880 NNP denotes PCR
T5064 11881-11886 NN denotes cycle
T5065 11887-11896 VBD denotes consisted
T5066 11897-11899 IN denotes of
T5067 11900-11901 CD denotes 1
T5068 11902-11905 NN denotes min
T5069 11906-11908 IN denotes at
T5070 11909-11911 CD denotes 92
T5071 11911-11912 CD denotes °
T5072 11912-11913 NNP denotes C
T5073 11913-11914 , denotes ,
T5074 11915-11916 CD denotes 1
T5075 11917-11920 NN denotes min
T5076 11921-11923 IN denotes at
T5077 11924-11926 CD denotes 58
T5078 11926-11927 CD denotes °
T5079 11927-11928 NNP denotes C
T5080 11929-11932 CC denotes and
T5081 11933-11934 CD denotes 1
T5082 11935-11938 NN denotes min
T5083 11939-11941 IN denotes at
T5084 11942-11944 CD denotes 72
T5085 11944-11945 CD denotes °
T5086 11945-11946 NNP denotes C
T5087 11946-11947 : denotes ;
T5088 11948-11952 RB denotes then
T5089 11953-11957 DT denotes each
T5090 11958-11961 NNP denotes PCR
T5091 11962-11967 NN denotes cycle
T5092 11968-11977 VBD denotes consisted
T5093 11978-11980 IN denotes of
T5094 11981-11983 CD denotes 40
T5095 11984-11987 NN denotes sec
T5096 11988-11990 IN denotes at
T5097 11991-11993 CD denotes 92
T5098 11993-11994 CD denotes °
T5099 11994-11995 NNP denotes C
T5100 11995-11996 , denotes ,
T5101 11997-11999 CD denotes 40
T5102 12000-12003 NN denotes sec
T5103 12004-12006 IN denotes at
T5104 12007-12009 CD denotes 58
T5105 12009-12010 CD denotes °
T5106 12010-12011 NNP denotes C
T5107 12012-12015 CC denotes and
T5108 12016-12018 CD denotes 50
T5109 12019-12022 NN denotes sec
T5110 12023-12025 IN denotes at
T5111 12026-12028 CD denotes 72
T5112 12028-12029 CD denotes °
T5113 12029-12031 NNP denotes C.
T5114 12032-12036 NNP denotes cDNA
T5115 12037-12040 IN denotes for
T5116 12041-12048 NN denotes β-actin
T5117 12049-12052 VBD denotes was
T5118 12053-12062 VBN denotes amplified
T5119 12063-12066 IN denotes for
T5120 12067-12069 CD denotes 28
T5121 12070-12076 NNS denotes cycles
T5122 12077-12082 VBG denotes using
T5123 12083-12086 DT denotes the
T5124 12087-12093 NNS denotes oligos
T5125 12093-12094 : denotes :
T5126 12095-12100 NN denotes sense
T5127 12101-12102 CD denotes 5
T5128 12102-12103 SYM denotes ′
T5129 12103-12104 : denotes -
T5130 12104-12125 NN denotes GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3
T5131 12125-12126 NN denotes ′
T5132 12127-12130 CC denotes and
T5133 12131-12140 JJ denotes antisense
T5134 12141-12142 CD denotes 5
T5135 12142-12143 CD denotes ′
T5136 12143-12164 NNP denotes GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3
T5137 12164-12165 NN denotes ′
T5138 12165-12166 . denotes .
T5139 12167-12171 NNP denotes cDNA
T5140 12172-12175 IN denotes for
T5141 12176-12181 NNP denotes TNF-α
T5142 12182-12185 VBD denotes was
T5143 12186-12195 VBN denotes amplified
T5144 12196-12199 IN denotes for
T5145 12200-12202 CD denotes 35
T5146 12203-12209 NNS denotes cycles
T5147 12210-12215 VBG denotes using
T5148 12216-12219 DT denotes the
T5149 12220-12226 NNS denotes oligos
T5150 12226-12227 : denotes :
T5151 12228-12233 NN denotes sense
T5152 12234-12235 CD denotes 5
T5153 12235-12236 SYM denotes ′
T5154 12236-12237 : denotes -
T5155 12237-12259 NN denotes AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3
T5156 12259-12260 NN denotes ′
T5157 12261-12264 CC denotes and
T5158 12265-12274 JJ denotes antisense
T5159 12275-12276 CD denotes 5
T5160 12276-12277 SYM denotes ′
T5161 12277-12278 : denotes -
T5162 12278-12300 NN denotes CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3
T5163 12300-12301 NN denotes ′
T5164 12301-12302 . denotes .
T5165 12303-12307 NNP denotes cDNA
T5166 12308-12311 IN denotes for
T5167 12312-12318 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T5168 12319-12322 VBD denotes was
T5169 12323-12332 VBN denotes amplified
T5170 12333-12336 IN denotes for
T5171 12337-12339 CD denotes 35
T5172 12340-12346 NNS denotes cycles
T5173 12347-12352 VBG denotes using
T5174 12353-12356 DT denotes the
T5175 12357-12363 NNS denotes oligos
T5176 12364-12369 VBP denotes sense
T5177 12370-12371 CD denotes 5
T5178 12371-12372 SYM denotes ′
T5179 12372-12373 : denotes -
T5180 12373-12397 NN denotes GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3
T5181 12397-12398 NN denotes ′
T5182 12399-12402 CC denotes and
T5183 12403-12412 JJ denotes antisense
T5184 12413-12414 CD denotes 5
T5185 12414-12415 SYM denotes ′
T5186 12415-12416 : denotes -
T5187 12416-12417 DT denotes A
T5188 12418-12441 JJ denotes TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3
T5189 12441-12442 NN denotes ′
T5190 12442-12443 . denotes .
T5335 12445-12450 NNP denotes NF-kB
T5336 12451-12464 NNP denotes Transcription
T5337 12465-12473 NNP denotes Reporter
T5338 12474-12478 NNP denotes Gene
T5339 12479-12484 NNP denotes Assay
T5340 12485-12488 NNP denotes The
T5341 12489-12496 VBD denotes plasmid
T5342 12497-12506 NNP denotes 3XMHC-luc
T5343 12507-12508 -LRB- denotes (
T5344 12508-12509 DT denotes a
T5345 12510-12518 JJ denotes generous
T5346 12519-12523 NN denotes gift
T5347 12524-12528 IN denotes from
T5348 12529-12533 NNP denotes Drs.
T5349 12534-12536 NNP denotes J.
T5350 12537-12545 NNP denotes Westwick
T5351 12546-12549 CC denotes and
T5352 12550-12554 NNP denotes D.A.
T5353 12555-12562 NNP denotes Brenner
T5354 12562-12563 , denotes ,
T5355 12564-12574 NNP denotes University
T5356 12575-12577 IN denotes of
T5357 12578-12583 NNP denotes North
T5358 12584-12592 NNP denotes Carolina
T5359 12592-12593 , denotes ,
T5360 12594-12600 NNP denotes Chapel
T5361 12601-12605 NNP denotes Hill
T5362 12605-12606 -RRB- denotes )
T5363 12607-12615 VBZ denotes contains
T5364 12616-12621 CD denotes three
T5365 12622-12628 NNS denotes copies
T5366 12629-12631 IN denotes of
T5367 12632-12648 JJ denotes NF-κB-responsive
T5368 12649-12656 NN denotes element
T5369 12657-12661 IN denotes from
T5370 12662-12665 DT denotes the
T5371 12666-12669 NNP denotes MHC
T5372 12670-12675 NN denotes class
T5373 12676-12677 PRP denotes I
T5374 12678-12683 VBZ denotes locus
T5375 12683-12684 , denotes ,
T5376 12685-12691 VBN denotes placed
T5377 12692-12700 RB denotes upstream
T5378 12701-12703 IN denotes of
T5379 12704-12707 DT denotes the
T5380 12708-12718 NN denotes luciferase
T5381 12719-12723 NN denotes gene
T5382 12723-12724 . denotes .
T5383 12725-12730 JJ denotes Human
T5384 12731-12740 JJ denotes monocytic
T5385 12741-12746 NN denotes THP-1
T5386 12747-12752 NNS denotes cells
T5387 12753-12757 VBD denotes were
T5388 12758-12769 RB denotes transiently
T5389 12770-12781 VBN denotes transfected
T5390 12782-12784 IN denotes as
T5391 12785-12795 RB denotes previously
T5392 12796-12805 VBN denotes described
T5393 12806-12807 NNP denotes [
T5394 12807-12809 CD denotes 30
T5395 12809-12810 NNP denotes ]
T5396 12810-12811 , denotes ,
T5397 12812-12815 CC denotes and
T5398 12816-12820 RB denotes then
T5399 12821-12829 VBD denotes cultured
T5400 12830-12833 IN denotes for
T5401 12834-12835 CD denotes 4
T5402 12836-12837 NN denotes h
T5403 12838-12843 RB denotes alone
T5404 12844-12846 CC denotes or
T5405 12847-12851 IN denotes with
T5406 12852-12862 VBG denotes increasing
T5407 12863-12876 NN denotes concentration
T5408 12877-12879 IN denotes of
T5409 12880-12886 DT denotes either
T5410 12887-12890 NNP denotes C10
T5411 12891-12893 CC denotes or
T5412 12894-12897 NNP denotes C40
T5413 12897-12898 . denotes .
T5414 12899-12909 JJ denotes Luciferase
T5415 12910-12918 NN denotes activity
T5416 12919-12922 VBD denotes was
T5417 12923-12933 VBN denotes determined
T5418 12934-12939 VBG denotes using
T5419 12940-12941 DT denotes a
T5420 12942-12953 NN denotes luminometer
T5421 12954-12955 -LRB- denotes (
T5422 12955-12964 NNP denotes Monolight
T5423 12965-12969 CD denotes 2010
T5424 12970-12981 NNP denotes Luminometer
T5425 12981-12982 , denotes ,
T5426 12983-12986 NNP denotes Ann
T5427 12987-12992 NNP denotes Arbor
T5428 12992-12993 , denotes ,
T5429 12994-12996 NNP denotes MI
T5430 12996-12997 -RRB- denotes )
T5431 12997-12998 . denotes .
T5933 13000-13007 JJ denotes Western
T5934 13008-13012 NNP denotes Blot
T5935 13013-13021 NNP denotes Analysis
T5936 13022-13027 NNP denotes THP-1
T5937 13028-13033 NNS denotes cells
T5938 13034-13038 VBD denotes were
T5939 13039-13049 VBN denotes stimulated
T5940 13050-13053 IN denotes for
T5941 13054-13061 JJ denotes various
T5942 13062-13069 NNS denotes lengths
T5943 13070-13072 IN denotes of
T5944 13073-13077 NN denotes time
T5945 13078-13082 IN denotes with
T5946 13083-13086 CD denotes 0.1
T5947 13087-13092 NN denotes mg/ml
T5948 13093-13096 CD denotes C10
T5949 13097-13099 CC denotes or
T5950 13100-13103 CD denotes C40
T5951 13103-13104 , denotes ,
T5952 13105-13107 CC denotes or
T5953 13108-13110 CD denotes 10
T5954 13111-13113 NN denotes µg
T5955 13113-13114 NN denotes /
T5956 13114-13116 NN denotes ml
T5957 13117-13120 NNP denotes LPS
T5958 13120-13121 . denotes .
T5959 13122-13127 NNS denotes Cells
T5960 13128-13132 VBD denotes were
T5961 13133-13137 RB denotes then
T5962 13138-13146 VBN denotes pelleted
T5963 13146-13147 , denotes ,
T5964 13148-13154 VBN denotes washed
T5965 13155-13158 CC denotes and
T5966 13159-13170 VBN denotes homogenised
T5967 13171-13173 IN denotes in
T5968 13174-13179 NN denotes lysis
T5969 13180-13186 NN denotes buffer
T5970 13187-13188 -LRB- denotes (
T5971 13188-13190 CD denotes 10
T5972 13191-13193 NNP denotes mM
T5973 13194-13199 NNP denotes Hepes
T5974 13199-13200 , denotes ,
T5975 13201-13203 NNP denotes pH
T5976 13204-13207 CD denotes 7.9
T5977 13207-13208 , denotes ,
T5978 13209-13212 CD denotes 150
T5979 13213-13215 NNP denotes mM
T5980 13216-13220 NNP denotes NaCl
T5981 13220-13221 , denotes ,
T5982 13222-13223 CD denotes 1
T5983 13224-13226 NNP denotes mM
T5984 13227-13231 NNP denotes EDTA
T5985 13231-13232 , denotes ,
T5986 13233-13236 CD denotes 0.6
T5987 13236-13237 NN denotes %
T5988 13238-13243 NN denotes NP-40
T5989 13243-13244 , denotes ,
T5990 13245-13248 CC denotes and
T5991 13249-13252 CD denotes 0.5
T5992 13253-13255 NNP denotes mM
T5993 13256-13260 NNP denotes PMSF
T5994 13260-13261 -RRB- denotes )
T5995 13262-13264 IN denotes on
T5996 13265-13268 NN denotes ice
T5997 13268-13269 . denotes .
T5998 13270-13281 NNS denotes Homogenates
T5999 13282-13286 VBD denotes were
T6000 13287-13296 VBN denotes sonicated
T6001 13296-13297 , denotes ,
T6002 13298-13309 VBN denotes centrifuged
T6003 13310-13312 IN denotes at
T6004 13313-13319 CD denotes 10,000
T6005 13320-13323 NN denotes rpm
T6006 13324-13326 TO denotes to
T6007 13327-13333 VB denotes remove
T6008 13334-13342 JJ denotes cellular
T6009 13343-13349 NN denotes debris
T6010 13349-13350 , denotes ,
T6011 13351-13354 CC denotes and
T6012 13355-13366 JJ denotes supernatant
T6013 13367-13376 VBN denotes collected
T6014 13376-13377 . denotes .
T6015 13378-13385 NN denotes Protein
T6016 13386-13399 NN denotes concentration
T6017 13400-13403 VBD denotes was
T6018 13404-13414 VBN denotes determined
T6019 13415-13420 VBG denotes using
T6020 13421-13424 DT denotes the
T6021 13425-13427 NNP denotes DC
T6022 13428-13435 NNP denotes Protein
T6023 13436-13441 NNP denotes Assay
T6024 13442-13443 -LRB- denotes (
T6025 13443-13450 NNP denotes Bio-Rad
T6026 13450-13451 -RRB- denotes )
T6027 13451-13452 . denotes .
T6028 13453-13461 NNPS denotes Proteins
T6029 13462-13464 IN denotes in
T6030 13465-13472 NNS denotes samples
T6031 13473-13474 -LRB- denotes (
T6032 13474-13476 CD denotes 15
T6033 13477-13479 NN denotes µg
T6034 13480-13485 JJ denotes total
T6035 13486-13494 NNS denotes proteins
T6036 13494-13495 -RRB- denotes )
T6037 13496-13500 VBD denotes were
T6038 13501-13509 VBN denotes resolved
T6039 13510-13512 IN denotes in
T6040 13513-13514 DT denotes a
T6041 13515-13525 VBG denotes denaturing
T6042 13526-13528 CD denotes 12
T6043 13528-13529 NN denotes %
T6044 13530-13544 NN denotes polyacrylamide
T6045 13545-13548 NN denotes gel
T6046 13549-13552 CC denotes and
T6047 13553-13564 VBN denotes transferred
T6048 13565-13567 TO denotes to
T6049 13568-13569 DT denotes a
T6050 13570-13584 JJ denotes nitrocellulose
T6051 13585-13593 NN denotes membrane
T6052 13593-13594 . denotes .
T6053 13595-13600 JJ denotes I-κBα
T6054 13601-13608 NN denotes protein
T6055 13609-13612 VBD denotes was
T6056 13613-13621 VBN denotes detected
T6057 13622-13627 VBG denotes using
T6058 13628-13629 DT denotes a
T6059 13630-13636 NN denotes rabbit
T6060 13637-13647 NN denotes polyclonal
T6061 13648-13656 NN denotes antibody
T6062 13657-13658 -LRB- denotes (
T6063 13658-13663 NNP denotes Santa
T6064 13664-13668 NNP denotes Cruz
T6065 13669-13682 NNP denotes Biotechnology
T6066 13682-13683 , denotes ,
T6067 13684-13686 NNP denotes CA
T6068 13686-13687 -RRB- denotes )
T6069 13688-13696 VBN denotes followed
T6070 13697-13699 IN denotes by
T6071 13700-13701 DT denotes a
T6072 13702-13713 JJ denotes horseradish
T6073 13714-13732 JJ denotes peroxidase-coupled
T6074 13733-13737 NN denotes goat
T6075 13738-13748 NN denotes polyclonal
T6076 13749-13757 NN denotes antibody
T6077 13758-13765 IN denotes against
T6078 13766-13772 NN denotes rabbit
T6079 13773-13775 NNP denotes Ig
T6080 13776-13777 -LRB- denotes (
T6081 13777-13783 NNP denotes Caltag
T6082 13784-13796 NNPS denotes Laboratories
T6083 13796-13797 -RRB- denotes )
T6084 13797-13798 . denotes .
T6085 13799-13806 RB denotes Finally
T6086 13806-13807 , denotes ,
T6087 13808-13811 NNP denotes IκB
T6088 13812-13817 NNS denotes bands
T6089 13818-13822 VBD denotes were
T6090 13823-13831 VBN denotes revealed
T6091 13832-13837 VBG denotes using
T6092 13838-13841 DT denotes the
T6093 13842-13845 NNP denotes ECL
T6094 13845-13846 NN denotes ™
T6095 13847-13856 NN denotes detection
T6096 13857-13863 NN denotes system
T6097 13864-13865 -LRB- denotes (
T6098 13865-13873 NNP denotes Amersham
T6099 13874-13883 NNP denotes Pharmacia
T6100 13884-13891 NNP denotes Biotech
T6101 13891-13892 , denotes ,
T6102 13893-13896 NNP denotes Les
T6103 13897-13902 NNP denotes Ullis
T6104 13902-13903 , denotes ,
T6105 13904-13910 NNP denotes France
T6106 13910-13911 -RRB- denotes )
T6107 13912-13921 VBG denotes according
T6108 13922-13924 TO denotes to
T6109 13925-13928 DT denotes the
T6110 13929-13942 NNS denotes manufacturers
T6111 13942-13943 POS denotes '
T6112 13944-13955 NN denotes instruction
T6113 13955-13956 . denotes .
T6114 13957-13965 NN denotes Antibody
T6115 13966-13968 TO denotes to
T6116 13969-13978 NNP denotes α-Tubulin
T6117 13979-13980 -LRB- denotes (
T6118 13980-13985 NNP denotes Santa
T6119 13986-13990 NNP denotes Cruz
T6120 13990-13991 -RRB- denotes )
T6121 13992-13995 VBD denotes was
T6122 13996-13999 NN denotes use
T6123 14000-14002 IN denotes as
T6124 14003-14010 VBG denotes loading
T6125 14011-14018 NN denotes control
T6126 14018-14019 . denotes .
T6127 14020-14023 IN denotes For
T6128 14024-14031 JJ denotes nuclear
T6129 14032-14037 NNP denotes NF-κB
T6130 14037-14038 , denotes ,
T6131 14039-14044 NNP denotes THP-1
T6132 14045-14050 NNS denotes cells
T6133 14051-14055 VBD denotes were
T6134 14056-14066 VBN denotes stimulated
T6135 14067-14071 IN denotes with
T6136 14072-14073 CD denotes 1
T6137 14074-14079 NN denotes mg/ml
T6138 14080-14083 CD denotes C10
T6139 14084-14086 CC denotes or
T6140 14087-14090 CD denotes C40
T6141 14091-14094 IN denotes for
T6142 14095-14097 CD denotes 30
T6143 14098-14105 NNS denotes minutes
T6144 14106-14108 IN denotes at
T6145 14109-14111 CD denotes 37
T6146 14111-14112 NN denotes °
T6147 14112-14114 NNP denotes C.
T6148 14115-14120 NNP denotes Cells
T6149 14121-14125 VBD denotes were
T6150 14126-14130 RB denotes then
T6151 14131-14139 VBN denotes pelleted
T6152 14140-14143 CC denotes and
T6153 14144-14150 JJ denotes nuclei
T6154 14151-14160 VBN denotes separated
T6155 14161-14163 IN denotes as
T6156 14164-14173 VBN denotes described
T6157 14174-14175 NNP denotes [
T6158 14175-14177 CD denotes 31
T6159 14177-14178 NNP denotes ]
T6160 14178-14179 . denotes .
T6161 14180-14186 NNP denotes Nuclei
T6162 14187-14191 VBD denotes were
T6163 14192-14198 VBN denotes washed
T6164 14199-14202 CC denotes and
T6165 14203-14214 VBN denotes homogenized
T6166 14215-14223 RB denotes directly
T6167 14224-14226 IN denotes in
T6168 14227-14234 VBG denotes loading
T6169 14235-14236 -LRB- denotes (
T6170 14236-14242 NNP denotes Laemli
T6171 14242-14243 -RRB- denotes )
T6172 14244-14250 NN denotes buffer
T6173 14251-14254 CC denotes and
T6174 14255-14261 VBN denotes heated
T6175 14262-14265 IN denotes for
T6176 14266-14267 CD denotes 5
T6177 14268-14275 NNS denotes minutes
T6178 14276-14278 IN denotes at
T6179 14279-14282 CD denotes 100
T6180 14282-14283 CD denotes °
T6181 14283-14285 NNP denotes C.
T6182 14286-14294 NNPS denotes Proteins
T6183 14295-14297 IN denotes in
T6184 14298-14305 NNS denotes samples
T6185 14306-14310 VBD denotes were
T6186 14311-14319 VBN denotes resolved
T6187 14320-14322 IN denotes in
T6188 14323-14324 DT denotes a
T6189 14325-14335 NN denotes denaturing
T6190 14336-14337 CD denotes 8
T6191 14337-14338 NN denotes %
T6192 14339-14353 NN denotes polyacrylamide
T6193 14354-14357 NN denotes gel
T6194 14358-14361 CC denotes and
T6195 14362-14373 VBN denotes transferred
T6196 14374-14376 TO denotes to
T6197 14377-14378 DT denotes a
T6198 14379-14393 NN denotes polyvinylidine
T6199 14394-14402 NN denotes fluoride
T6200 14403-14404 -LRB- denotes (
T6201 14404-14408 NNP denotes PVDF
T6202 14408-14409 -RRB- denotes )
T6203 14410-14418 NN denotes membrane
T6204 14419-14420 -LRB- denotes (
T6205 14420-14431 JJ denotes Immobilon-P
T6206 14431-14432 : denotes ;
T6207 14433-14442 NNP denotes Millipore
T6208 14442-14443 , denotes ,
T6209 14444-14451 NNP denotes Bedford
T6210 14451-14452 , denotes ,
T6211 14453-14455 NNP denotes MA
T6212 14455-14456 -RRB- denotes )
T6213 14456-14457 . denotes .
T6214 14458-14467 NNS denotes Membranes
T6215 14468-14472 VBD denotes were
T6216 14473-14482 VBN denotes incubated
T6217 14483-14485 IN denotes in
T6218 14486-14494 VBG denotes blocking
T6219 14495-14501 NN denotes buffer
T6220 14502-14503 -LRB- denotes (
T6221 14503-14504 CD denotes 1
T6222 14504-14505 NN denotes %
T6223 14506-14509 NNP denotes BSA
T6224 14509-14510 , denotes ,
T6225 14511-14513 IN denotes in
T6226 14514-14517 NNP denotes PBS
T6227 14517-14518 -RRB- denotes )
T6228 14519-14522 IN denotes for
T6229 14523-14526 CD denotes two
T6230 14527-14532 NNS denotes hours
T6231 14533-14535 IN denotes at
T6232 14536-14540 NN denotes room
T6233 14541-14552 NN denotes temperature
T6234 14552-14553 . denotes .
T6235 14554-14563 NNS denotes Membranes
T6236 14564-14568 VBD denotes were
T6237 14569-14581 RB denotes subsequently
T6238 14582-14588 VBN denotes probed
T6239 14589-14593 IN denotes with
T6240 14594-14597 DT denotes the
T6241 14598-14611 JJ denotes corresponding
T6242 14612-14620 NN denotes antibody
T6243 14621-14623 IN denotes in
T6244 14624-14632 VBG denotes blocking
T6245 14633-14639 NN denotes buffer
T6246 14639-14640 , denotes ,
T6247 14641-14650 JJ denotes overnight
T6248 14650-14651 . denotes .
T6249 14652-14658 NN denotes Rabbit
T6250 14659-14669 NN denotes polyclonal
T6251 14670-14678 NN denotes antibody
T6252 14679-14689 JJ denotes anti-NF-κB
T6253 14690-14693 JJ denotes p50
T6254 14694-14701 NN denotes subunit
T6255 14702-14703 -LRB- denotes (
T6256 14703-14704 # denotes #
T6257 14705-14711 CD denotes sc-114
T6258 14711-14712 -RRB- denotes )
T6259 14713-14715 CC denotes or
T6260 14716-14726 JJ denotes anti-NF-κB
T6261 14727-14730 NNS denotes p65
T6262 14731-14738 VBN denotes subunit
T6263 14739-14740 -LRB- denotes (
T6264 14740-14741 # denotes #
T6265 14742-14748 CD denotes sc-109
T6266 14748-14749 -RRB- denotes )
T6267 14750-14754 IN denotes from
T6268 14755-14760 NNP denotes Santa
T6269 14761-14765 NNP denotes Cruz
T6270 14766-14779 NNP denotes Biotechnology
T6271 14780-14784 VBD denotes were
T6272 14785-14789 VBN denotes used
T6273 14789-14790 . denotes .
T6274 14791-14800 NNS denotes Membranes
T6275 14801-14805 VBD denotes were
T6276 14806-14812 VBN denotes washed
T6277 14813-14816 CD denotes six
T6278 14817-14822 NNS denotes times
T6279 14823-14825 IN denotes in
T6280 14826-14829 NNP denotes PBS
T6281 14830-14834 IN denotes with
T6282 14835-14839 CD denotes 0.05
T6283 14839-14840 NN denotes %
T6284 14841-14846 CD denotes Tween
T6285 14847-14849 CD denotes 20
T6286 14849-14850 , denotes ,
T6287 14851-14852 CD denotes 5
T6288 14853-14860 NNS denotes minutes
T6289 14861-14865 DT denotes each
T6290 14866-14870 NN denotes time
T6291 14870-14871 , denotes ,
T6292 14872-14875 CC denotes and
T6293 14876-14885 VBN denotes incubated
T6294 14886-14890 IN denotes with
T6295 14891-14892 DT denotes a
T6296 14893-14899 CD denotes 1/3000
T6297 14900-14908 NN denotes dilution
T6298 14909-14911 IN denotes of
T6299 14912-14926 JJ denotes HRP-conjugated
T6300 14927-14928 NN denotes F
T6301 14928-14929 -LRB- denotes (
T6302 14929-14931 NN denotes ab
T6303 14931-14932 '' denotes '
T6304 14932-14933 -RRB- denotes )
T6305 14933-14934 CD denotes 2
T6306 14935-14939 NN denotes goat
T6307 14940-14951 JJ denotes anti-rabbit
T6308 14952-14955 NNP denotes IgG
T6309 14956-14958 IN denotes in
T6310 14959-14960 CD denotes 5
T6311 14960-14961 NN denotes %
T6312 14962-14968 JJ denotes nonfat
T6313 14969-14972 JJ denotes dry
T6314 14973-14977 NN denotes milk
T6315 14978-14981 CC denotes and
T6316 14982-14986 CD denotes 0.05
T6317 14986-14987 NN denotes %
T6318 14988-14993 CD denotes Tween
T6319 14994-14996 CD denotes 20
T6320 14997-14999 IN denotes in
T6321 15000-15003 NNP denotes PBS
T6322 15004-15007 IN denotes for
T6323 15008-15009 CD denotes 1
T6324 15010-15014 NN denotes hour
T6325 15015-15017 IN denotes at
T6326 15018-15022 NN denotes room
T6327 15023-15034 NN denotes temperature
T6328 15034-15035 . denotes .
T6329 15036-15041 IN denotes After
T6330 15042-15049 VBG denotes washing
T6331 15050-15053 CD denotes six
T6332 15054-15058 JJR denotes more
T6333 15059-15064 NNS denotes times
T6334 15065-15067 IN denotes in
T6335 15068-15071 NNP denotes PBS
T6336 15072-15076 IN denotes with
T6337 15077-15081 CD denotes 0.05
T6338 15081-15082 NN denotes %
T6339 15083-15088 CD denotes Tween
T6340 15089-15091 CD denotes 20
T6341 15091-15092 , denotes ,
T6342 15093-15110 JJ denotes antibody-reactive
T6343 15111-15119 NNS denotes proteins
T6344 15120-15124 VBD denotes were
T6345 15125-15133 VBN denotes detected
T6346 15134-15139 VBG denotes using
T6347 15140-15141 DT denotes a
T6348 15142-15159 NN denotes chemiluminescence
T6349 15160-15169 NN denotes substrate
T6350 15170-15171 -LRB- denotes (
T6351 15171-15182 NNP denotes SuperSignal
T6352 15182-15183 : denotes ;
T6353 15184-15190 NNP denotes Pierce
T6354 15190-15191 , denotes ,
T6355 15192-15200 NNP denotes Rockford
T6356 15200-15201 , denotes ,
T6357 15202-15204 NNP denotes IL
T6358 15204-15205 -RRB- denotes )
T6359 15206-15215 VBG denotes according
T6360 15216-15218 TO denotes to
T6361 15219-15222 DT denotes the
T6362 15223-15235 NN denotes manufacturer
T6363 15235-15237 POS denotes 's
T6364 15238-15250 NNS denotes instructions
T6365 15250-15251 . denotes .
T6366 15252-15254 TO denotes To
T6367 15255-15262 VB denotes confirm
T6368 15263-15267 DT denotes that
T6369 15268-15278 JJ denotes equivalent
T6370 15279-15286 NNS denotes amounts
T6371 15287-15289 IN denotes of
T6372 15290-15297 NN denotes protein
T6373 15298-15302 VBD denotes were
T6374 15303-15309 VBN denotes loaded
T6375 15310-15312 IN denotes in
T6376 15313-15317 DT denotes each
T6377 15318-15322 NN denotes line
T6378 15322-15323 , denotes ,
T6379 15324-15333 NNS denotes membranes
T6380 15334-15338 VBD denotes were
T6381 15339-15343 RB denotes also
T6382 15344-15351 JJ denotes Western
T6383 15352-15359 VBN denotes blotted
T6384 15360-15363 IN denotes for
T6385 15364-15367 NNP denotes ERK
T6386 15368-15370 IN denotes as
T6387 15371-15380 VBN denotes described
T6388 15381-15382 NNP denotes [
T6389 15382-15384 CD denotes 32
T6390 15384-15385 NNP denotes ]
T6391 15385-15386 . denotes .
T6486 15388-15396 NN denotes Analysis
T6487 15397-15399 IN denotes of
T6488 15400-15405 NNP denotes NF-κB
T6489 15406-15416 NNP denotes Activation
T6490 15417-15419 IN denotes by
T6491 15420-15424 NNP denotes Flow
T6492 15425-15434 NNP denotes Cytometry
T6493 15435-15442 NNP denotes Nuclear
T6494 15443-15453 NN denotes activation
T6495 15454-15456 IN denotes of
T6496 15457-15459 NNP denotes NF
T6497 15459-15460 NNP denotes −
T6498 15460-15462 NNP denotes κΒ
T6499 15463-15465 IN denotes by
T6500 15466-15470 NN denotes flow
T6501 15471-15480 NN denotes cytometry
T6502 15481-15484 VBD denotes was
T6503 15485-15494 VBN denotes performed
T6504 15495-15497 IN denotes as
T6505 15498-15507 VBN denotes described
T6506 15508-15509 NNP denotes [
T6507 15509-15511 CD denotes 31
T6508 15511-15512 NNP denotes ]
T6509 15512-15513 . denotes .
T6558 15515-15526 NNP denotes Statistical
T6559 15527-15535 NNP denotes Analysis
T6560 15536-15539 NNP denotes The
T6561 15540-15547 NNS denotes results
T6562 15548-15552 VBD denotes were
T6563 15553-15562 VBN denotes expressed
T6564 15563-15565 IN denotes as
T6565 15566-15569 DT denotes the
T6566 15570-15574 JJ denotes mean
T6567 15575-15580 NN denotes value
T6568 15581-15582 NN denotes ±
T6569 15583-15589 NNP denotes S.E.M.
T6570 15590-15592 IN denotes of
T6571 15593-15603 JJ denotes individual
T6572 15604-15615 NNS denotes experiments
T6573 15615-15616 . denotes .
T6574 15617-15620 DT denotes The
T6575 15621-15632 JJ denotes statistical
T6576 15633-15645 NN denotes significance
T6577 15646-15648 IN denotes of
T6578 15649-15652 DT denotes the
T6579 15653-15664 NNS denotes differences
T6580 15665-15672 IN denotes between
T6581 15673-15677 JJ denotes mean
T6582 15678-15684 NNS denotes values
T6583 15685-15688 VBD denotes was
T6584 15689-15697 VBN denotes assessed
T6585 15698-15700 IN denotes by
T6586 15701-15704 DT denotes the
T6587 15705-15712 NN denotes Student
T6588 15712-15714 POS denotes 's
T6589 15715-15721 JJS denotes t-test
T6590 15722-15725 CC denotes and
T6591 15726-15734 NN denotes analysis
T6592 15735-15737 IN denotes of
T6593 15738-15746 NN denotes variance
T6594 15747-15748 -LRB- denotes (
T6595 15748-15753 NNP denotes ANOVA
T6596 15753-15754 -RRB- denotes )
T6597 15754-15755 . denotes .
T6857 15766-15774 JJ denotes Degraded
T6858 15775-15778 NNP denotes CGN
T6859 15779-15785 NNP denotes Induce
T6860 15786-15793 NNP denotes Colonic
T6861 15794-15806 NNP denotes Inflammation
T6862 15807-15810 NNP denotes All
T6863 15811-15815 NNS denotes rats
T6864 15816-15825 VBD denotes developed
T6865 15826-15834 NN denotes diarrhea
T6866 15835-15841 IN denotes during
T6867 15842-15850 JJ denotes degraded
T6868 15851-15862 NN denotes carrageenan
T6869 15863-15877 NN denotes administration
T6870 15878-15881 CC denotes and
T6871 15882-15887 JJ denotes gross
T6872 15888-15896 NN denotes evidence
T6873 15897-15899 IN denotes of
T6874 15900-15905 NN denotes blood
T6875 15906-15909 VBD denotes was
T6876 15910-15920 RB denotes frequently
T6877 15921-15929 VBN denotes detected
T6878 15930-15932 IN denotes in
T6879 15933-15936 DT denotes the
T6880 15937-15943 NNS denotes stools
T6881 15943-15944 . denotes .
T6882 15945-15950 NN denotes Colon
T6883 15951-15957 NN denotes length
T6884 15958-15970 RB denotes dramatically
T6885 15971-15980 VBD denotes decreased
T6886 15981-15983 IN denotes in
T6887 15984-15987 DT denotes all
T6888 15988-15995 VBN denotes treated
T6889 15996-16000 NNS denotes rats
T6890 16001-16005 IN denotes with
T6891 16006-16007 DT denotes a
T6892 16008-16012 RBR denotes more
T6893 16013-16023 JJ denotes pronounced
T6894 16024-16030 NN denotes effect
T6895 16031-16036 VBG denotes being
T6896 16037-16045 VBN denotes observed
T6897 16046-16048 IN denotes in
T6898 16049-16052 DT denotes the
T6899 16053-16055 CD denotes 40
T6900 16056-16059 NNP denotes kDa
T6901 16060-16064 NNP denotes dCGN
T6902 16065-16072 VBD denotes treated
T6903 16073-16078 NN denotes group
T6904 16079-16080 -LRB- denotes (
T6905 16080-16084 NNP denotes Fig.
T6906 16085-16087 NNP denotes 1A
T6907 16087-16088 -RRB- denotes )
T6908 16088-16089 . denotes .
T6909 16090-16101 RB denotes Furthermore
T6910 16101-16102 , denotes ,
T6911 16103-16112 VBN denotes prolonged
T6912 16113-16121 NN denotes exposure
T6913 16122-16124 TO denotes to
T6914 16125-16127 CD denotes 40
T6915 16128-16131 NNP denotes kDa
T6916 16132-16136 NNP denotes dCGN
T6917 16137-16145 VBD denotes resulted
T6918 16146-16148 IN denotes in
T6919 16149-16153 JJ denotes high
T6920 16154-16165 JJ denotes macroscopic
T6921 16166-16169 CC denotes and
T6922 16170-16182 JJ denotes histological
T6923 16183-16189 NNS denotes scores
T6924 16190-16192 IN denotes of
T6925 16193-16205 NN denotes inflammation
T6926 16206-16207 -LRB- denotes (
T6927 16207-16211 NNP denotes Fig.
T6928 16212-16214 NNP denotes 1B
T6929 16214-16215 , denotes ,
T6930 16216-16217 NNP denotes C
T6931 16217-16218 -RRB- denotes )
T6932 16218-16219 . denotes .
T6933 16220-16224 RB denotes Only
T6934 16225-16229 JJ denotes weak
T6935 16230-16245 NN denotes myeloperoxidase
T6936 16246-16254 NN denotes activity
T6937 16255-16258 VBD denotes was
T6938 16259-16267 VBN denotes detected
T6939 16268-16270 IN denotes in
T6940 16271-16275 DT denotes both
T6941 16276-16283 NN denotes control
T6942 16284-16287 CC denotes and
T6943 16288-16300 JJ denotes dCGN-treated
T6944 16301-16307 NNS denotes groups
T6945 16308-16309 -LRB- denotes (
T6946 16309-16313 NNP denotes Fig.
T6947 16314-16316 NNP denotes 1D
T6948 16316-16317 -RRB- denotes )
T6949 16317-16318 , denotes ,
T6950 16319-16329 VBG denotes indicating
T6951 16330-16334 IN denotes that
T6952 16335-16347 NNS denotes granulocytes
T6953 16348-16351 VBD denotes did
T6954 16352-16355 RB denotes not
T6955 16356-16360 VB denotes play
T6956 16361-16362 DT denotes a
T6957 16363-16368 JJ denotes major
T6958 16369-16373 NN denotes role
T6959 16374-16376 IN denotes in
T6960 16377-16380 DT denotes the
T6961 16381-16393 NN denotes inflammation
T6962 16394-16396 IN denotes at
T6963 16397-16401 DT denotes that
T6964 16402-16407 NN denotes stage
T6965 16407-16408 . denotes .
T6966 16409-16421 JJ denotes Histological
T6967 16422-16433 NN denotes examination
T6968 16434-16442 VBD denotes revealed
T6969 16443-16450 JJ denotes various
T6970 16451-16458 NNS denotes degrees
T6971 16459-16461 IN denotes of
T6972 16462-16469 JJ denotes mucosal
T6973 16470-16482 NN denotes inflammation
T6974 16482-16483 . denotes .
T6975 16484-16488 NNS denotes Rats
T6976 16489-16496 VBN denotes treated
T6977 16497-16501 IN denotes with
T6978 16502-16504 CD denotes 10
T6979 16505-16508 NNP denotes kDa
T6980 16509-16513 NNP denotes dCGN
T6981 16514-16520 VBD denotes showed
T6982 16521-16526 NN denotes edema
T6983 16526-16527 , denotes ,
T6984 16528-16538 NN denotes epithelium
T6985 16539-16546 NN denotes atrophy
T6986 16547-16550 CC denotes and
T6987 16551-16557 JJ denotes slight
T6988 16558-16568 NN denotes lymphocyte
T6989 16569-16581 NN denotes infiltration
T6990 16582-16583 -LRB- denotes (
T6991 16583-16587 NNS denotes data
T6992 16588-16591 RB denotes not
T6993 16592-16597 VBN denotes shown
T6994 16597-16598 -RRB- denotes )
T6995 16598-16599 . denotes .
T6996 16600-16605 DT denotes These
T6997 16606-16614 NNS denotes symptoms
T6998 16615-16619 VBD denotes were
T6999 16620-16627 RB denotes totally
T7000 16628-16634 JJ denotes absent
T7001 16635-16637 IN denotes in
T7002 16638-16641 DT denotes the
T7003 16642-16647 NN denotes colon
T7004 16648-16650 IN denotes of
T7005 16651-16658 NN denotes control
T7006 16659-16663 NNS denotes rats
T7007 16664-16665 -LRB- denotes (
T7008 16665-16669 NNP denotes Fig.
T7009 16670-16672 NNP denotes 1E
T7010 16672-16673 -RRB- denotes )
T7011 16673-16674 . denotes .
T7012 16675-16679 RBR denotes More
T7013 16680-16686 JJ denotes severe
T7014 16687-16694 JJ denotes mucosal
T7015 16695-16703 NNS denotes injuries
T7016 16704-16713 VBG denotes including
T7017 16714-16724 NN denotes ulceration
T7018 16724-16725 , denotes ,
T7019 16726-16738 JJ denotes hyperplastic
T7020 16739-16749 NN denotes epithelium
T7021 16749-16750 , denotes ,
T7022 16751-16756 JJ denotes crypt
T7023 16757-16767 NN denotes distortion
T7024 16768-16771 CC denotes and
T7025 16772-16773 DT denotes a
T7026 16774-16780 JJ denotes strong
T7027 16781-16791 NN denotes macrophage
T7028 16792-16804 NN denotes infiltration
T7029 16804-16805 , denotes ,
T7030 16806-16810 VBD denotes were
T7031 16811-16819 VBN denotes observed
T7032 16820-16822 IN denotes in
T7033 16823-16826 DT denotes the
T7034 16827-16829 CD denotes 40
T7035 16830-16833 NNP denotes kDa
T7036 16834-16846 NNP denotes dCGN-treated
T7037 16847-16851 NNS denotes rats
T7038 16852-16853 -LRB- denotes (
T7039 16853-16857 NNP denotes Fig.
T7040 16858-16860 NNP denotes 1F
T7041 16860-16861 -RRB- denotes )
T7042 16861-16862 . denotes .
T7043 16863-16865 DT denotes No
T7044 16866-16875 VBN denotes sulphated
T7045 16876-16891 NNS denotes polysaccharides
T7046 16892-16896 VBD denotes were
T7047 16897-16905 VBN denotes detected
T7048 16906-16908 IN denotes by
T7049 16909-16918 NN denotes toluidine
T7050 16919-16923 JJ denotes blue
T7051 16924-16932 NN denotes staining
T7052 16933-16935 IN denotes of
T7053 16936-16941 NN denotes colon
T7054 16942-16948 NN denotes mucosa
T7055 16949-16953 IN denotes from
T7056 16954-16958 NNS denotes rats
T7057 16959-16966 VBN denotes treated
T7058 16967-16971 IN denotes with
T7059 16972-16978 CC denotes either
T7060 16979-16982 DT denotes the
T7061 16983-16985 CD denotes 10
T7062 16986-16988 CC denotes or
T7063 16989-16991 CD denotes 40
T7064 16992-16995 NNP denotes kDa
T7065 16996-17000 NNP denotes dCGN
T7066 17001-17002 -LRB- denotes (
T7067 17002-17005 RB denotes not
T7068 17006-17011 VBN denotes shown
T7069 17011-17012 -RRB- denotes )
T7070 17012-17013 . denotes .
T7071 17014-17022 IN denotes Although
T7072 17023-17025 PRP denotes we
T7073 17026-17029 MD denotes can
T7074 17029-17032 RB denotes not
T7075 17033-17040 VB denotes exclude
T7076 17041-17045 DT denotes that
T7077 17046-17050 NNP denotes dCGN
T7078 17051-17054 NN denotes mat
T7079 17055-17058 RB denotes not
T7080 17059-17063 VB denotes have
T7081 17064-17072 VBN denotes retained
T7082 17073-17075 IN denotes in
T7083 17076-17079 DT denotes the
T7084 17080-17087 NN denotes section
T7085 17088-17094 IN denotes during
T7086 17095-17098 DT denotes the
T7087 17099-17108 NN denotes histology
T7088 17109-17118 NN denotes procedure
T7089 17118-17119 , denotes ,
T7090 17120-17124 DT denotes this
T7091 17125-17134 VBZ denotes indicates
T7092 17135-17139 IN denotes that
T7093 17140-17145 DT denotes these
T7094 17146-17154 NNS denotes polymers
T7095 17155-17158 MD denotes may
T7096 17159-17162 RB denotes not
T7097 17163-17167 VB denotes have
T7098 17168-17172 VBN denotes been
T7099 17173-17185 VBN denotes phagocytosed
T7100 17185-17186 . denotes .
T7657 865-873 JJ denotes Degraded
T7658 874-877 NNP denotes CGN
T7659 878-17737 NNP denotes inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α
T7660 17738-17748 NN denotes Production
T7661 17749-17751 IN denotes by
T7662 17752-17761 NNP denotes Monocytes
T7663 17762-17764 IN denotes In
T7664 17765-17770 NNP denotes Vitro
T7665 17772-17774 IN denotes In
T7666 17775-17780 NN denotes order
T7667 17781-17783 TO denotes to
T7668 17784-17789 VB denotes study
T7669 17790-17793 DT denotes the
T7670 17794-17802 NN denotes capacity
T7671 17803-17805 IN denotes of
T7672 17806-17810 NNP denotes dCGN
T7673 17811-17813 TO denotes to
T7674 17814-17823 VB denotes stimulate
T7675 17824-17829 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7676 17830-17840 NN denotes production
T7677 17840-17841 , denotes ,
T7678 17842-17852 JJ denotes peripheral
T7679 17853-17858 NN denotes blood
T7680 17859-17868 NNS denotes monocytes
T7681 17869-17873 VBD denotes were
T7682 17874-17884 VBN denotes cultivated
T7683 17885-17887 IN denotes in
T7684 17888-17891 DT denotes the
T7685 17892-17900 NN denotes presence
T7686 17901-17903 IN denotes of
T7687 17904-17908 NNP denotes dCGN
T7688 17909-17910 -LRB- denotes (
T7689 17910-17913 CD denotes 0.1
T7690 17914-17916 TO denotes to
T7691 17917-17918 CD denotes 1
T7692 17919-17924 NN denotes mg/ml
T7693 17924-17925 -RRB- denotes )
T7694 17925-17926 . denotes .
T7695 17927-17931 RB denotes Very
T7696 17932-17935 JJ denotes low
T7697 17936-17942 NNS denotes levels
T7698 17943-17945 IN denotes of
T7699 17946-17951 NNP denotes TNF-α
T7700 17952-17956 VBD denotes were
T7701 17957-17964 VBN denotes induced
T7702 17965-17967 IN denotes in
T7703 17968-17971 NNP denotes PBM
T7704 17972-17977 IN denotes after
T7705 17978-17989 NN denotes stimulation
T7706 17990-17994 IN denotes with
T7707 17995-18001 JJ denotes native
T7708 18002-18005 NNP denotes CGN
T7709 18006-18007 -LRB- denotes (
T7710 18007-18011 NNP denotes Fig.
T7711 18012-18014 NNP denotes 2A
T7712 18014-18015 -RRB- denotes )
T7713 18015-18016 . denotes .
T7714 18017-18025 NN denotes Addition
T7715 18026-18028 IN denotes of
T7716 18029-18032 CD denotes 0.1
T7717 18033-18038 NN denotes mg/ml
T7718 18039-18041 CD denotes 10
T7719 18042-18045 NNP denotes kDa
T7720 18046-18050 NNP denotes dCGN
T7721 18051-18059 VBD denotes resulted
T7722 18060-18062 IN denotes in
T7723 18063-18076 RB denotes approximately
T7724 18077-18078 DT denotes a
T7725 18079-18086 JJ denotes 60-fold
T7726 18087-18095 NN denotes increase
T7727 18096-18098 IN denotes in
T7728 18099-18104 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7729 18105-18115 NN denotes production
T7730 18116-18118 IN denotes by
T7731 18119-18122 NNP denotes PBM
T7732 18122-18123 . denotes .
T7733 18124-18128 DT denotes This
T7734 18129-18132 VBD denotes was
T7735 18133-18134 DT denotes a
T7736 18135-18149 JJ denotes dose-dependent
T7737 18150-18156 NN denotes effect
T7738 18157-18161 WDT denotes that
T7739 18162-18169 VBD denotes reached
T7740 18170-18171 DT denotes a
T7741 18172-18180 JJ denotes 180-fold
T7742 18181-18189 NN denotes increase
T7743 18190-18194 WRB denotes when
T7744 18195-18200 NNS denotes cells
T7745 18201-18205 VBD denotes were
T7746 18206-18213 VBN denotes exposed
T7747 18214-18216 TO denotes to
T7748 18217-18218 CD denotes 1
T7749 18219-18224 NN denotes mg/ml
T7750 18225-18227 IN denotes of
T7751 18228-18230 CD denotes 10
T7752 18231-18234 NNP denotes kDa
T7753 18235-18239 NNP denotes dCGN
T7754 18240-18241 -LRB- denotes (
T7755 18241-18245 NNP denotes Fig.
T7756 18246-18248 NNP denotes 2A
T7757 18248-18249 -RRB- denotes )
T7758 18249-18250 . denotes .
T7759 18251-18252 DT denotes A
T7760 18253-18261 JJ denotes 250-fold
T7761 18262-18270 NN denotes increase
T7762 18271-18273 IN denotes in
T7763 18274-18279 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7764 18280-18290 NN denotes production
T7765 18291-18294 VBD denotes was
T7766 18295-18303 VBN denotes detected
T7767 18304-18306 IN denotes at
T7768 18307-18308 CD denotes 1
T7769 18309-18314 NN denotes mg/ml
T7770 18315-18317 CD denotes 40
T7771 18318-18321 NNP denotes kDa
T7772 18322-18326 NNP denotes dCGN
T7773 18327-18328 -LRB- denotes (
T7774 18328-18332 NNP denotes Fig.
T7775 18333-18335 NNP denotes 2A
T7776 18335-18336 -RRB- denotes )
T7777 18336-18337 . denotes .
T7778 18338-18343 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7779 18344-18354 NN denotes production
T7780 18355-18364 VBN denotes increased
T7781 18365-18367 IN denotes in
T7782 18368-18372 NN denotes time
T7783 18373-18381 VBG denotes reaching
T7784 18382-18383 DT denotes a
T7785 18384-18391 JJ denotes maximum
T7786 18392-18397 NN denotes level
T7787 18398-18400 IN denotes at
T7788 18401-18402 CD denotes 8
T7789 18403-18408 NNS denotes hours
T7790 18409-18411 IN denotes of
T7791 18412-18419 NN denotes culture
T7792 18420-18421 -LRB- denotes (
T7793 18421-18427 NN denotes Figure
T7794 18428-18430 NN denotes 2B
T7795 18430-18431 -RRB- denotes )
T7796 18431-18432 . denotes .
T7797 18433-18438 IN denotes After
T7798 18439-18441 CD denotes 24
T7799 18442-18443 NN denotes h
T7800 18443-18444 , denotes ,
T7801 18445-18448 DT denotes the
T7802 18449-18455 NN denotes amount
T7803 18456-18458 IN denotes of
T7804 18459-18467 JJ denotes secreted
T7805 18468-18473 NN denotes TNF-α
T7806 18474-18477 VBD denotes was
T7807 18478-18483 RB denotes still
T7808 18484-18487 CD denotes one
T7809 18488-18493 JJ denotes third
T7810 18494-18496 IN denotes of
T7811 18497-18500 DT denotes the
T7812 18501-18506 JJ denotes total
T7813 18507-18512 NN denotes TNF-α
T7814 18512-18513 . denotes .
T7815 18514-18532 NNP denotes Lipopolysaccharide
T7816 18533-18534 -LRB- denotes (
T7817 18534-18537 NNP denotes LPS
T7818 18537-18538 -RRB- denotes )
T7819 18538-18539 , denotes ,
T7820 18540-18541 DT denotes a
T7821 18542-18547 VBN denotes known
T7822 18548-18557 NN denotes activator
T7823 18558-18560 IN denotes of
T7824 18561-18567 JJ denotes immune
T7825 18568-18573 NNS denotes cells
T7826 18574-18578 RB denotes also
T7827 18579-18586 VBD denotes induced
T7828 18587-18592 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7829 18593-18603 NN denotes production
T7830 18604-18608 IN denotes with
T7831 18609-18616 JJ denotes similar
T7832 18617-18625 NNS denotes kinetics
T7833 18626-18628 IN denotes as
T7834 18629-18633 NNP denotes dCGN
T7835 18634-18635 -LRB- denotes (
T7836 18635-18639 NNP denotes Fig.
T7837 18640-18642 NNP denotes 2B
T7838 18642-18643 -RRB- denotes )
T7839 18643-18644 . denotes .
T7840 18645-18652 RB denotes However
T7841 18652-18653 , denotes ,
T7842 18654-18657 DT denotes the
T7843 18658-18664 NN denotes amount
T7844 18665-18667 IN denotes of
T7845 18668-18673 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7846 18674-18682 VBN denotes produced
T7847 18683-18685 IN denotes by
T7848 18686-18689 NNP denotes LPS
T7849 18690-18693 VBD denotes was
T7850 18694-18700 JJ denotes 4-fold
T7851 18701-18705 JJR denotes less
T7852 18706-18710 IN denotes than
T7853 18711-18714 DT denotes the
T7854 18715-18718 CD denotes one
T7855 18719-18727 VBN denotes produced
T7856 18728-18730 IN denotes by
T7857 18731-18735 NNP denotes dCGN
T7858 18736-18739 CC denotes and
T7859 18740-18742 PRP denotes it
T7860 18743-18746 VBD denotes was
T7861 18747-18750 RB denotes not
T7862 18751-18759 VBN denotes detected
T7863 18760-18765 IN denotes after
T7864 18766-18767 CD denotes 8
T7865 18768-18773 NNS denotes hours
T7866 18774-18776 IN denotes of
T7867 18777-18784 NN denotes culture
T7868 18785-18786 -LRB- denotes (
T7869 18786-18790 NNP denotes Fig.
T7870 18791-18793 NNP denotes 2B
T7871 18793-18794 -RRB- denotes )
T7872 18794-18795 . denotes .
T7873 18796-18805 RB denotes Similarly
T7874 18805-18806 , denotes ,
T7875 18807-18816 JJ denotes monocytic
T7876 18817-18822 NN denotes THP-1
T7877 18823-18828 NNS denotes cells
T7878 18829-18839 VBN denotes cultivated
T7879 18840-18842 IN denotes in
T7880 18843-18846 DT denotes the
T7881 18847-18855 NN denotes presence
T7882 18856-18858 IN denotes of
T7883 18859-18867 JJ denotes variable
T7884 18868-18881 NN denotes concentration
T7885 18882-18884 IN denotes of
T7886 18885-18889 NNP denotes dCGN
T7887 18890-18896 VBD denotes showed
T7888 18897-18899 DT denotes an
T7889 18900-18908 NN denotes increase
T7890 18909-18911 IN denotes in
T7891 18912-18917 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7892 18918-18928 NN denotes production
T7893 18929-18930 -LRB- denotes (
T7894 18930-18934 NNP denotes Fig.
T7895 18935-18937 NNP denotes 2C
T7896 18937-18938 -RRB- denotes )
T7897 18938-18939 . denotes .
T7898 18940-18944 DT denotes This
T7899 18945-18953 NN denotes increase
T7900 18954-18956 IN denotes in
T7901 18957-18962 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7902 18963-18973 NN denotes production
T7903 18974-18977 VBD denotes was
T7904 18978-18991 RB denotes significantly
T7905 18992-18999 JJR denotes smaller
T7906 19000-19001 -LRB- denotes (
T7907 19001-19006 IN denotes about
T7908 19007-19014 JJ denotes 10-fold
T7909 19014-19015 -RRB- denotes )
T7910 19016-19020 IN denotes than
T7911 19021-19024 DT denotes the
T7912 19025-19028 CD denotes one
T7913 19029-19038 VBN denotes presented
T7914 19039-19041 IN denotes by
T7915 19042-19045 NNP denotes PBM
T7916 19046-19047 -LRB- denotes (
T7917 19047-19051 NNP denotes Fig.
T7918 19052-19054 NNP denotes 2A
T7919 19054-19055 -RRB- denotes )
T7920 19055-19056 . denotes .
T7921 19057-19059 DT denotes No
T7922 19060-19065 NN denotes TNF-α
T7923 19066-19069 VBD denotes was
T7924 19070-19078 VBN denotes released
T7925 19079-19083 IN denotes from
T7926 19084-19089 CD denotes THP-1
T7927 19090-19095 NNS denotes cells
T7928 19096-19103 VBN denotes exposed
T7929 19104-19106 TO denotes to
T7930 19107-19113 JJ denotes native
T7931 19114-19117 NNP denotes CGN
T7932 19118-19119 -LRB- denotes (
T7933 19119-19122 RB denotes not
T7934 19123-19128 VBN denotes shown
T7935 19128-19129 -RRB- denotes )
T7936 19129-19130 . denotes .
T7937 19131-19136 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7938 19137-19147 NN denotes production
T7939 19148-19150 IN denotes by
T7940 19151-19156 CD denotes THP-1
T7941 19157-19162 NNS denotes cells
T7942 19163-19166 VBD denotes was
T7943 19167-19170 RB denotes not
T7944 19171-19175 NN denotes dose
T7945 19176-19185 JJ denotes dependent
T7946 19186-19188 TO denotes to
T7947 19189-19192 DT denotes the
T7948 19193-19199 NN denotes amount
T7949 19200-19202 IN denotes of
T7950 19203-19207 NNP denotes dCGN
T7951 19208-19212 VBD denotes used
T7952 19212-19213 . denotes .
T7953 19214-19218 RB denotes Also
T7954 19219-19224 EX denotes there
T7955 19225-19228 VBD denotes was
T7956 19229-19231 DT denotes no
T7957 19232-19242 NN denotes difference
T7958 19243-19250 IN denotes between
T7959 19251-19254 DT denotes the
T7960 19255-19258 CD denotes two
T7961 19259-19264 NNS denotes forms
T7962 19265-19266 -LRB- denotes (
T7963 19266-19268 CD denotes 10
T7964 19269-19272 CC denotes and
T7965 19273-19275 CD denotes 40
T7966 19276-19279 NN denotes kDa
T7967 19279-19280 -RRB- denotes )
T7968 19281-19283 IN denotes of
T7969 19284-19288 NNP denotes dCGN
T7970 19289-19290 -LRB- denotes (
T7971 19290-19294 NNP denotes Fig.
T7972 19295-19297 NNP denotes 2C
T7973 19297-19298 -RRB- denotes )
T7974 19298-19299 . denotes .
T7975 19300-19313 RB denotes Interestingly
T7976 19313-19314 , denotes ,
T7977 19315-19320 JJ denotes TNF-α
T7978 19321-19328 NN denotes release
T7979 19329-19333 IN denotes from
T7980 19334-19339 CD denotes THP-1
T7981 19340-19345 NNS denotes cells
T7982 19346-19356 VBN denotes stimulated
T7983 19357-19361 IN denotes with
T7984 19362-19366 NNP denotes dCGN
T7985 19367-19374 VBD denotes reached
T7986 19375-19376 DT denotes a
T7987 19377-19384 JJ denotes maximum
T7988 19385-19390 NN denotes level
T7989 19391-19393 IN denotes at
T7990 19394-19396 CD denotes 32
T7991 19397-19398 NN denotes h
T7992 19398-19399 , denotes ,
T7993 19400-19405 IN denotes while
T7994 19406-19417 NN denotes stimulation
T7995 19418-19422 IN denotes with
T7996 19423-19426 NNP denotes LPS
T7997 19427-19434 VBD denotes reached
T7998 19435-19436 DT denotes a
T7999 19437-19444 JJ denotes maximum
T8000 19445-19450 NN denotes level
T8001 19451-19453 IN denotes at
T8002 19454-19456 CD denotes 56
T8003 19457-19458 NN denotes h
T8004 19459-19460 -LRB- denotes (
T8005 19460-19464 NNP denotes Fig.
T8006 19465-19467 NNP denotes 2D
T8007 19467-19468 -RRB- denotes )
T8008 19468-19469 . denotes .
T8434 20326-20332 NN denotes Effect
T8435 20333-20335 IN denotes of
T8436 20336-20342 JJ denotes Native
T8437 20343-20346 CC denotes and
T8438 20347-20355 JJ denotes Degraded
T8439 20356-20359 NNP denotes CGN
T8440 20360-20362 IN denotes on
T8441 20363-20368 NNP denotes THP-1
T8442 20369-20382 NNP denotes Proliferation
T8443 20383-20386 CC denotes and
T8444 20387-20391 NNP denotes Cell
T8445 20392-20397 NNP denotes Cycle
T8446 20398-20409 JJ denotes Preliminary
T8447 20410-20422 NNS denotes observations
T8448 20423-20425 IN denotes by
T8449 20426-20437 NN denotes enumeration
T8450 20438-20440 IN denotes of
T8451 20441-20446 CD denotes THP-1
T8452 20447-20452 NNS denotes cells
T8453 20453-20460 VBN denotes exposed
T8454 20461-20463 TO denotes to
T8455 20464-20473 JJ denotes different
T8456 20474-20488 NNS denotes concentrations
T8457 20489-20491 IN denotes of
T8458 20492-20498 JJ denotes native
T8459 20499-20502 CC denotes and
T8460 20503-20507 NNP denotes dCGN
T8461 20508-20509 -LRB- denotes (
T8462 20509-20511 CD denotes 10
T8463 20512-20515 CC denotes and
T8464 20516-20518 CD denotes 40
T8465 20519-20522 NN denotes kDa
T8466 20522-20523 -RRB- denotes )
T8467 20524-20530 IN denotes during
T8468 20531-20532 CD denotes 2
T8469 20532-20533 , denotes ,
T8470 20534-20535 CD denotes 5
T8471 20536-20539 CC denotes and
T8472 20540-20541 CD denotes 7
T8473 20542-20546 NNS denotes days
T8474 20546-20547 , denotes ,
T8475 20548-20554 VBD denotes showed
T8476 20555-20556 DT denotes a
T8477 20557-20564 NN denotes decline
T8478 20565-20567 IN denotes in
T8479 20568-20572 NN denotes cell
T8480 20573-20579 NN denotes number
T8481 20580-20581 -LRB- denotes (
T8482 20581-20585 NNS denotes data
T8483 20586-20589 RB denotes not
T8484 20590-20595 VBN denotes shown
T8485 20595-20596 -RRB- denotes )
T8486 20596-20597 . denotes .
T8487 20598-20602 DT denotes This
T8488 20603-20612 VBD denotes suggested
T8489 20613-20617 IN denotes that
T8490 20618-20622 NNP denotes dCGN
T8491 20623-20628 MD denotes might
T8492 20629-20634 VB denotes cause
T8493 20635-20637 DT denotes an
T8494 20638-20648 NN denotes alteration
T8495 20649-20651 IN denotes in
T8496 20652-20655 DT denotes the
T8497 20656-20660 NN denotes cell
T8498 20661-20666 NN denotes cycle
T8499 20666-20667 . denotes .
T8500 20668-20672 NNP denotes Cell
T8501 20673-20678 NN denotes cycle
T8502 20679-20687 NN denotes analysis
T8503 20688-20693 VBG denotes using
T8504 20694-20698 NN denotes flow
T8505 20699-20708 NN denotes cytometry
T8506 20709-20715 VBD denotes showed
T8507 20716-20718 DT denotes an
T8508 20719-20731 NN denotes accumulation
T8509 20732-20734 IN denotes of
T8510 20735-20740 CD denotes THP-1
T8511 20741-20746 NNS denotes cells
T8512 20747-20749 IN denotes in
T8513 20750-20755 NNP denotes G0/G1
T8514 20756-20761 NN denotes phase
T8515 20761-20762 , denotes ,
T8516 20763-20768 WDT denotes which
T8517 20769-20772 VBD denotes was
T8518 20773-20783 VBN denotes associated
T8519 20784-20788 IN denotes with
T8520 20789-20790 DT denotes a
T8521 20791-20799 NN denotes decrease
T8522 20800-20806 NN denotes number
T8523 20807-20809 IN denotes of
T8524 20810-20815 NNS denotes cells
T8525 20816-20818 IN denotes in
T8526 20819-20822 DT denotes the
T8527 20823-20824 NNP denotes S
T8528 20825-20830 NN denotes phase
T8529 20831-20832 -LRB- denotes (
T8530 20832-20836 NNP denotes Fig.
T8531 20837-20839 NNP denotes 3A
T8532 20839-20840 -RRB- denotes )
T8533 20840-20841 . denotes .
T8534 20842-20845 DT denotes The
T8535 20846-20856 NN denotes percentage
T8536 20857-20859 IN denotes of
T8537 20860-20865 NNS denotes cells
T8538 20866-20868 IN denotes in
T8539 20869-20872 DT denotes the
T8540 20873-20878 NNP denotes G0/G1
T8541 20879-20884 NN denotes phase
T8542 20885-20888 VBD denotes was
T8543 20889-20893 CD denotes 45.2
T8544 20893-20894 NN denotes %
T8545 20895-20898 IN denotes for
T8546 20899-20906 NN denotes control
T8547 20907-20912 NNS denotes cells
T8548 20912-20913 , denotes ,
T8549 20914-20918 CD denotes 62.6
T8550 20918-20919 NN denotes %
T8551 20920-20923 IN denotes for
T8552 20924-20927 NNP denotes C10
T8553 20928-20932 NNP denotes dCGN
T8554 20933-20934 -LRB- denotes (
T8555 20934-20936 IN denotes at
T8556 20937-20938 CD denotes 2
T8557 20939-20944 NN denotes mg/ml
T8558 20944-20945 -RRB- denotes )
T8559 20945-20946 , denotes ,
T8560 20947-20950 CC denotes and
T8561 20951-20955 CD denotes 64.2
T8562 20955-20956 NN denotes %
T8563 20957-20960 IN denotes for
T8564 20961-20964 NNP denotes C40
T8565 20965-20977 NNP denotes dCGN-treated
T8566 20978-20983 NNS denotes cells
T8567 20984-20985 -LRB- denotes (
T8568 20985-20987 IN denotes at
T8569 20988-20989 CD denotes 2
T8570 20990-20995 NN denotes mg/ml
T8571 20995-20996 -RRB- denotes )
T8572 20997-20998 -LRB- denotes (
T8573 20998-21002 NNP denotes Fig.
T8574 21003-21005 NNP denotes 3B
T8575 21005-21006 -RRB- denotes )
T8576 21006-21007 . denotes .
T8577 21008-21011 DT denotes The
T8578 21012-21018 NN denotes effect
T8579 21019-21021 IN denotes of
T8580 21022-21026 NNP denotes dCGN
T8581 21027-21029 IN denotes on
T8582 21030-21034 NN denotes cell
T8583 21035-21040 NN denotes cycle
T8584 21041-21044 VBD denotes was
T8585 21045-21059 JJ denotes dose-dependent
T8586 21060-21061 -LRB- denotes (
T8587 21061-21065 NNP denotes Fig.
T8588 21066-21068 NNP denotes 3B
T8589 21068-21069 -RRB- denotes )
T8590 21069-21070 . denotes .
T8591 21071-21078 DT denotes Neither
T8592 21079-21085 JJ denotes native
T8593 21086-21089 CC denotes nor
T8594 21090-21094 JJ denotes dCGN
T8595 21095-21098 VBD denotes had
T8596 21099-21101 DT denotes an
T8597 21102-21108 NN denotes effect
T8598 21109-21111 IN denotes on
T8599 21112-21115 DT denotes the
T8600 21116-21122 NN denotes number
T8601 21123-21125 IN denotes of
T8602 21126-21131 NNS denotes cells
T8603 21132-21134 IN denotes in
T8604 21135-21138 DT denotes the
T8605 21139-21143 NNP denotes G2/M
T8606 21144-21149 NN denotes phase
T8607 21150-21151 -LRB- denotes (
T8608 21151-21155 FW denotes Fig.
T8609 21156-21157 LS denotes 3
T8610 21157-21158 -RRB- denotes )
T8611 21158-21159 . denotes .
T8612 21160-21164 DT denotes This
T8613 21165-21171 NN denotes effect
T8614 21172-21174 VBZ denotes is
T8615 21175-21178 RB denotes not
T8616 21179-21182 JJ denotes due
T8617 21183-21185 TO denotes to
T8618 21186-21198 NN denotes cytotoxicity
T8619 21199-21201 IN denotes of
T8620 21202-21206 NNP denotes dCGN
T8621 21207-21211 RB denotes even
T8622 21212-21214 IN denotes at
T8623 21215-21218 DT denotes the
T8624 21219-21226 JJS denotes highest
T8625 21227-21240 NN denotes concentration
T8626 21241-21242 -LRB- denotes (
T8627 21242-21246 FW denotes i.e.
T8628 21247-21248 CD denotes 2
T8629 21249-21254 NN denotes mg/ml
T8630 21254-21255 -RRB- denotes )
T8631 21256-21261 IN denotes since
T8632 21262-21266 NN denotes cell
T8633 21267-21276 NN denotes viability
T8634 21277-21280 VBD denotes was
T8635 21281-21284 RB denotes not
T8636 21285-21293 JJ denotes affected
T8637 21294-21295 -LRB- denotes (
T8638 21295-21299 NNS denotes data
T8639 21300-21303 RB denotes not
T8640 21304-21309 VBN denotes shown
T8641 21309-21310 -RRB- denotes )
T8642 21310-21311 . denotes .
T9103 21910-21916 CD denotes ICAM-1
T9104 21917-21927 NN denotes Expression
T9105 21928-21930 VBZ denotes Is
T9106 21931-21938 VBN denotes Induced
T9107 21939-21941 IN denotes by
T9108 21942-21950 JJ denotes Degraded
T9109 21951-21954 NNP denotes CGN
T9110 21955-21958 CC denotes and
T9111 21959-21961 VBZ denotes Is
T9112 21962-21973 JJ denotes Responsible
T9113 21974-21977 IN denotes for
T9114 21978-21987 NNP denotes Monocytes
T9115 21988-21999 NNP denotes Aggregation
T9116 22000-22002 IN denotes In
T9117 22003-22008 NNP denotes Vitro
T9118 22010-22012 IN denotes In
T9119 22013-22018 NN denotes order
T9120 22019-22021 TO denotes to
T9121 22022-22027 VB denotes study
T9122 22028-22031 DT denotes the
T9123 22032-22038 NN denotes effect
T9124 22039-22041 IN denotes of
T9125 22042-22046 NNP denotes dCGN
T9126 22047-22049 IN denotes on
T9127 22050-22053 DT denotes the
T9128 22054-22064 NN denotes expression
T9129 22065-22067 IN denotes of
T9130 22068-22072 NN denotes cell
T9131 22073-22080 NN denotes surface
T9132 22081-22089 NNS denotes antigens
T9133 22089-22090 , denotes ,
T9134 22091-22094 NNP denotes PBM
T9135 22095-22098 CC denotes and
T9136 22099-22104 NNP denotes THP-1
T9137 22105-22110 NNS denotes cells
T9138 22111-22115 VBD denotes were
T9139 22116-22125 VBN denotes incubated
T9140 22126-22129 IN denotes for
T9141 22130-22132 CD denotes 36
T9142 22133-22134 NN denotes h
T9143 22135-22137 IN denotes in
T9144 22138-22141 DT denotes the
T9145 22142-22150 NN denotes presence
T9146 22151-22154 CC denotes and
T9147 22155-22162 NN denotes absence
T9148 22163-22165 IN denotes of
T9149 22166-22170 NNP denotes dCGN
T9150 22170-22171 . denotes .
T9151 22172-22175 DT denotes The
T9152 22176-22186 NN denotes expression
T9153 22187-22189 IN denotes of
T9154 22190-22197 JJ denotes various
T9155 22198-22202 NN denotes cell
T9156 22203-22210 NN denotes surface
T9157 22211-22220 NNS denotes molecules
T9158 22221-22224 VBD denotes was
T9159 22225-22233 VBN denotes analyzed
T9160 22234-22236 IN denotes by
T9161 22237-22241 NN denotes flow
T9162 22242-22251 NN denotes cytometry
T9163 22252-22254 IN denotes as
T9164 22255-22264 VBN denotes described
T9165 22265-22267 IN denotes in
T9166 22268-22277 NNS denotes materials
T9167 22278-22281 CC denotes and
T9168 22282-22289 NNS denotes methods
T9169 22289-22290 . denotes .
T9170 22291-22295 DT denotes Both
T9171 22296-22301 NNS denotes forms
T9172 22302-22304 IN denotes of
T9173 22305-22309 NNP denotes dCGN
T9174 22310-22317 RB denotes clearly
T9175 22318-22328 VBD denotes stimulated
T9176 22329-22339 NN denotes expression
T9177 22340-22342 IN denotes of
T9178 22343-22349 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T9179 22350-22351 -LRB- denotes (
T9180 22351-22355 NNP denotes CD54
T9181 22355-22356 -RRB- denotes )
T9182 22357-22359 IN denotes on
T9183 22360-22363 NNP denotes PBM
T9184 22364-22367 CC denotes and
T9185 22368-22373 NNP denotes THP-1
T9186 22374-22379 NNS denotes cells
T9187 22380-22381 -LRB- denotes (
T9188 22381-22385 NNP denotes Fig.
T9189 22386-22388 NNP denotes 4A
T9190 22388-22389 -RRB- denotes )
T9191 22389-22390 . denotes .
T9192 22391-22394 DT denotes The
T9193 22395-22403 NN denotes increase
T9194 22404-22406 IN denotes in
T9195 22407-22413 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T9196 22414-22424 NN denotes expression
T9197 22425-22428 VBD denotes was
T9198 22429-22435 JJR denotes higher
T9199 22436-22438 IN denotes on
T9200 22439-22444 CD denotes THP-1
T9201 22445-22450 NNS denotes cells
T9202 22451-22458 VBN denotes treated
T9203 22459-22463 IN denotes with
T9204 22464-22466 CD denotes 40
T9205 22467-22470 NNP denotes kDa
T9206 22471-22475 NNP denotes dCGN
T9207 22476-22477 -LRB- denotes (
T9208 22477-22481 NNP denotes Fig.
T9209 22482-22484 NNP denotes 4B
T9210 22484-22485 -RRB- denotes )
T9211 22485-22486 . denotes .
T9212 22487-22494 DT denotes Another
T9213 22495-22502 NN denotes surface
T9214 22503-22510 NN denotes antigen
T9215 22510-22511 , denotes ,
T9216 22512-22515 DT denotes the
T9217 22516-22526 JJ denotes lymphocyte
T9218 22527-22546 JJ denotes function-associated
T9219 22547-22554 NN denotes antigen
T9220 22555-22556 CD denotes 3
T9221 22557-22558 -LRB- denotes (
T9222 22558-22562 CD denotes CD58
T9223 22562-22563 -RRB- denotes )
T9224 22564-22567 VBD denotes was
T9225 22568-22576 RB denotes slightly
T9226 22577-22584 VBN denotes reduced
T9227 22585-22587 IN denotes on
T9228 22588-22591 NNP denotes PBM
T9229 22592-22597 IN denotes after
T9230 22598-22607 NN denotes treatment
T9231 22608-22612 IN denotes with
T9232 22613-22615 CD denotes 40
T9233 22616-22619 NNP denotes kDa
T9234 22620-22624 NNP denotes dCGN
T9235 22625-22626 -LRB- denotes (
T9236 22626-22630 NNP denotes Fig.
T9237 22631-22633 NNP denotes 4B
T9238 22633-22634 -RRB- denotes )
T9239 22634-22635 . denotes .
T9240 22636-22649 RB denotes Interestingly
T9241 22649-22650 , denotes ,
T9242 22651-22661 NN denotes expression
T9243 22662-22664 IN denotes of
T9244 22665-22670 JJ denotes major
T9245 22671-22689 NN denotes histocompatibility
T9246 22690-22697 JJ denotes complex
T9247 22698-22707 NNS denotes molecules
T9248 22708-22710 IN denotes of
T9249 22711-22716 NN denotes class
T9250 22717-22718 PRP denotes I
T9251 22719-22720 -LRB- denotes (
T9252 22720-22727 NNP denotes HLA-ABC
T9253 22727-22728 -RRB- denotes )
T9254 22729-22732 CC denotes and
T9255 22733-22735 IN denotes of
T9256 22736-22741 NN denotes class
T9257 22742-22744 NNP denotes II
T9258 22745-22746 -LRB- denotes (
T9259 22746-22752 NNP denotes HLA-DR
T9260 22752-22753 -RRB- denotes )
T9261 22753-22754 , denotes ,
T9262 22755-22757 RB denotes as
T9263 22758-22762 RB denotes well
T9264 22763-22765 IN denotes as
T9265 22766-22769 DT denotes the
T9266 22770-22778 NN denotes monocyte
T9267 22779-22785 NN denotes marker
T9268 22786-22790 NNP denotes CD14
T9269 22790-22791 , denotes ,
T9270 22792-22798 VBD denotes seemed
T9271 22799-22801 TO denotes to
T9272 22802-22804 VB denotes be
T9273 22805-22812 VBN denotes reduced
T9274 22813-22815 IN denotes by
T9275 22816-22825 NN denotes treatment
T9276 22826-22830 IN denotes with
T9277 22831-22835 NNP denotes dCGN
T9278 22836-22837 -LRB- denotes (
T9279 22837-22841 NNP denotes Fig.
T9280 22842-22844 NNP denotes 4B
T9281 22844-22845 -RRB- denotes )
T9282 22845-22846 . denotes .
T9283 22847-22854 RB denotes However
T9284 22854-22855 , denotes ,
T9285 22856-22861 DT denotes these
T9286 22862-22873 NNS denotes differences
T9287 22874-22878 VBD denotes were
T9288 22879-22882 RB denotes not
T9289 22883-22896 RB denotes statistically
T9290 22897-22908 JJ denotes significant
T9291 22908-22909 . denotes .
T9292 23565-23574 NNP denotes Treatment
T9293 23575-23579 IN denotes with
T9294 23580-23584 NNP denotes dCGN
T9295 23585-23589 RB denotes also
T9296 23590-23597 VBD denotes induced
T9297 23598-23599 DT denotes a
T9298 23600-23606 JJ denotes strong
T9299 23607-23618 NN denotes aggregation
T9300 23619-23621 IN denotes of
T9301 23622-23631 NNS denotes monocytes
T9302 23631-23632 , denotes ,
T9303 23633-23641 VBN denotes detected
T9304 23642-23644 IN denotes by
T9305 23645-23650 NN denotes phase
T9306 23651-23659 NN denotes contrast
T9307 23660-23667 JJ denotes inverse
T9308 23668-23678 NN denotes microscopy
T9309 23679-23680 -LRB- denotes (
T9310 23680-23684 JJ denotes Fig.
T9311 23685-23686 CD denotes 5
T9312 23686-23687 -RRB- denotes )
T9313 23687-23688 . denotes .
T9314 23689-23697 IN denotes Although
T9315 23698-23702 DT denotes this
T9316 23703-23709 NN denotes effect
T9317 23710-23713 VBD denotes was
T9318 23714-23720 RB denotes easily
T9319 23721-23729 VBN denotes observed
T9320 23730-23732 IN denotes in
T9321 23733-23742 NNS denotes monocytes
T9322 23743-23752 VBN denotes incubated
T9323 23753-23757 IN denotes with
T9324 23758-23761 DT denotes the
T9325 23762-23764 CD denotes 10
T9326 23765-23768 NNP denotes kDa
T9327 23769-23773 NNP denotes dCGN
T9328 23774-23775 -LRB- denotes (
T9329 23775-23779 NNP denotes Fig.
T9330 23780-23782 NNP denotes 5B
T9331 23782-23783 -RRB- denotes )
T9332 23783-23784 , denotes ,
T9333 23785-23786 DT denotes a
T9334 23787-23791 RBR denotes more
T9335 23792-23798 JJ denotes robust
T9336 23799-23803 NN denotes cell
T9337 23804-23815 NN denotes aggregation
T9338 23816-23819 VBD denotes was
T9339 23820-23828 VBN denotes observed
T9340 23829-23831 IN denotes in
T9341 23832-23841 NNS denotes monocytes
T9342 23842-23851 VBN denotes incubated
T9343 23852-23856 IN denotes with
T9344 23857-23860 DT denotes the
T9345 23861-23863 CD denotes 40
T9346 23864-23867 NNP denotes kDa
T9347 23868-23872 NNP denotes dCGN
T9348 23873-23874 -LRB- denotes (
T9349 23874-23878 NNP denotes Fig.
T9350 23879-23881 NNP denotes 5C
T9351 23881-23882 -RRB- denotes )
T9352 23882-23883 . denotes .
T9353 23884-23890 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9354 23891-23894 VBZ denotes has
T9355 23895-23899 VBN denotes been
T9356 23900-23908 VBN denotes proposed
T9357 23909-23911 TO denotes to
T9358 23912-23914 VB denotes be
T9359 23915-23918 DT denotes the
T9360 23919-23923 JJ denotes main
T9361 23924-23932 NN denotes adhesion
T9362 23933-23941 NN denotes molecule
T9363 23942-23953 JJ denotes responsible
T9364 23954-23957 IN denotes for
T9365 23958-23966 NN denotes monocyte
T9366 23967-23978 NN denotes aggregation
T9367 23978-23979 . denotes .
T9368 23980-23982 TO denotes To
T9369 23983-23990 VB denotes confirm
T9370 23991-23995 DT denotes this
T9371 23995-23996 , denotes ,
T9372 23997-24006 NNS denotes monocytes
T9373 24007-24011 VBD denotes were
T9374 24012-24021 VBN denotes incubated
T9375 24022-24026 IN denotes with
T9376 24027-24031 DT denotes both
T9377 24032-24037 NNS denotes types
T9378 24038-24040 IN denotes of
T9379 24041-24045 NNP denotes dCGN
T9380 24046-24048 IN denotes in
T9381 24049-24052 DT denotes the
T9382 24053-24061 NN denotes presence
T9383 24062-24064 IN denotes of
T9384 24065-24067 DT denotes an
T9385 24068-24079 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T9386 24080-24088 NN denotes antibody
T9387 24088-24089 , denotes ,
T9388 24090-24092 DT denotes an
T9389 24093-24102 JJ denotes anti-CD58
T9390 24103-24111 NN denotes antibody
T9391 24112-24115 CC denotes and
T9392 24116-24118 DT denotes an
T9393 24119-24126 NN denotes isotype
T9394 24127-24134 NN denotes control
T9395 24135-24139 JJ denotes IgG1
T9396 24140-24148 NN denotes antibody
T9397 24148-24149 . denotes .
T9398 24150-24153 DT denotes The
T9399 24154-24165 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T9400 24166-24174 NN denotes antibody
T9401 24175-24186 RB denotes effectively
T9402 24187-24194 VBD denotes blocked
T9403 24195-24198 DT denotes the
T9404 24199-24203 NN denotes cell
T9405 24204-24214 NNS denotes aggregates
T9406 24215-24222 VBN denotes induced
T9407 24223-24225 IN denotes by
T9408 24226-24230 NNP denotes dCGN
T9409 24231-24232 -LRB- denotes (
T9410 24232-24236 NNP denotes Fig.
T9411 24237-24239 NNP denotes 5D
T9412 24239-24240 , denotes ,
T9413 24241-24243 NNP denotes 5E
T9414 24243-24244 -RRB- denotes )
T9415 24244-24245 , denotes ,
T9416 24246-24254 RB denotes strongly
T9417 24255-24265 VBG denotes suggesting
T9418 24266-24270 IN denotes that
T9419 24271-24277 RB denotes indeed
T9420 24278-24284 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9421 24285-24287 VBZ denotes is
T9422 24288-24299 JJ denotes responsible
T9423 24300-24303 IN denotes for
T9424 24304-24312 NN denotes monocyte
T9425 24313-24324 NN denotes aggregation
T9426 24324-24325 . denotes .
T9427 24326-24330 DT denotes Both
T9428 24331-24334 DT denotes the
T9429 24335-24342 NN denotes control
T9430 24343-24347 NNP denotes IgG1
T9431 24348-24351 CC denotes and
T9432 24352-24355 DT denotes the
T9433 24356-24365 JJ denotes anti-CD58
T9434 24366-24374 NN denotes antibody
T9435 24375-24378 VBD denotes did
T9436 24379-24382 RB denotes not
T9437 24383-24389 VB denotes modify
T9438 24390-24398 NN denotes monocyte
T9439 24399-24410 NN denotes aggregation
T9440 24411-24412 -LRB- denotes (
T9441 24412-24416 NNS denotes data
T9442 24417-24420 RB denotes not
T9443 24421-24426 VBN denotes shown
T9444 24426-24427 -RRB- denotes )
T9445 24427-24428 . denotes .
T9710 25092-25100 JJ denotes Degraded
T9711 25101-25104 NNP denotes CGN
T9712 25105-25111 VB denotes Induce
T9713 25112-25114 DT denotes an
T9714 25115-25123 VB denotes Increase
T9715 25124-25126 IN denotes in
T9716 25127-25133 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T9717 25134-25137 CC denotes and
T9718 25138-25143 NNP denotes TNF-α
T9719 25144-25148 NNP denotes mRNA
T9720 25149-25159 NNP denotes Expression
T9721 25160-25163 NNP denotes The
T9722 25164-25172 NN denotes increase
T9723 25173-25175 IN denotes in
T9724 25176-25183 NN denotes surface
T9725 25184-25190 NN denotes ICAM-1
T9726 25191-25201 NN denotes expression
T9727 25202-25205 CC denotes and
T9728 25206-25211 JJ denotes TNF-α
T9729 25212-25222 NN denotes production
T9730 25223-25225 IN denotes by
T9731 25226-25235 NNS denotes monocytes
T9732 25236-25246 VBN denotes correlated
T9733 25247-25251 IN denotes with
T9734 25252-25254 DT denotes an
T9735 25255-25267 NN denotes upregulation
T9736 25268-25270 IN denotes of
T9737 25271-25275 NNP denotes mRNA
T9738 25276-25279 IN denotes for
T9739 25280-25285 DT denotes these
T9740 25286-25295 NNS denotes molecules
T9741 25295-25296 . denotes .
T9742 25297-25301 DT denotes Both
T9743 25302-25304 CD denotes 10
T9744 25305-25308 NN denotes kDa
T9745 25309-25312 CC denotes and
T9746 25313-25315 CD denotes 40
T9747 25316-25319 NNP denotes kDa
T9748 25320-25324 NNP denotes dCGN
T9749 25325-25332 VBD denotes induced
T9750 25333-25334 DT denotes a
T9751 25335-25341 JJ denotes robust
T9752 25342-25350 NN denotes increase
T9753 25351-25353 IN denotes in
T9754 25354-25358 NNP denotes mRNA
T9755 25359-25362 IN denotes for
T9756 25363-25367 DT denotes both
T9757 25368-25374 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T9758 25375-25378 CC denotes and
T9759 25379-25384 NNP denotes TNF-α
T9760 25385-25386 -LRB- denotes (
T9761 25386-25390 NNP denotes Fig.
T9762 25391-25392 CD denotes 6
T9763 25392-25393 -RRB- denotes )
T9764 25393-25394 . denotes .
T9765 25395-25402 JJ denotes β-actin
T9766 25403-25407 NN denotes mRNA
T9767 25408-25414 NNS denotes levels
T9768 25415-25419 VBD denotes were
T9769 25420-25423 RB denotes not
T9770 25424-25432 VBN denotes affected
T9771 25433-25435 IN denotes by
T9772 25436-25440 NNP denotes dCGN
T9773 25441-25450 NN denotes treatment
T9774 25450-25451 . denotes .
T10499 25764-25772 JJ denotes Degraded
T10500 25773-25776 NNP denotes CGN
T10501 25777-25783 NNP denotes Induce
T10502 25784-25787 NNP denotes IκB
T10503 25788-25799 NNP denotes Degradation
T10504 25800-25803 CC denotes and
T10505 25804-25809 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10506 25810-25820 NNP denotes Activation
T10507 25821-25824 NNP denotes The
T10508 25825-25835 NN denotes expression
T10509 25836-25838 IN denotes of
T10510 25839-25844 NNS denotes genes
T10511 25845-25853 VBG denotes encoding
T10512 25854-25857 IN denotes for
T10513 25858-25864 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T10514 25865-25868 CC denotes and
T10515 25869-25874 NNP denotes TNF-α
T10516 25875-25877 VBZ denotes is
T10517 25878-25888 VBN denotes controlled
T10518 25889-25891 IN denotes by
T10519 25892-25895 DT denotes the
T10520 25896-25903 JJ denotes nuclear
T10521 25904-25910 NN denotes factor
T10522 25911-25916 NN denotes NF-κB
T10523 25916-25917 . denotes .
T10524 25918-25931 JJ denotes Site-specific
T10525 25932-25947 NN denotes phosphorylation
T10526 25948-25950 IN denotes of
T10527 25951-25954 DT denotes the
T10528 25955-25964 NN denotes inhibitor
T10529 25965-25968 NNP denotes IκB
T10530 25969-25974 VBZ denotes leads
T10531 25975-25977 TO denotes to
T10532 25978-25981 PRP$ denotes its
T10533 25982-25993 NN denotes degradation
T10534 25994-25996 IN denotes by
T10535 25997-26007 JJ denotes proteasome
T10536 26008-26011 CC denotes and
T10537 26012-26014 TO denotes to
T10538 26015-26016 DT denotes a
T10539 26017-26030 JJ denotes consequential
T10540 26031-26041 NN denotes activation
T10541 26042-26044 IN denotes of
T10542 26045-26048 DT denotes the
T10543 26049-26054 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10544 26055-26062 NN denotes pathway
T10545 26062-26063 . denotes .
T10546 26064-26069 VBG denotes Using
T10547 26070-26071 DT denotes a
T10548 26072-26080 NN denotes reporter
T10549 26081-26088 NN denotes plasmid
T10550 26089-26092 IN denotes for
T10551 26093-26098 JJ denotes NF-κB
T10552 26099-26109 NN denotes activation
T10553 26109-26110 , denotes ,
T10554 26111-26113 PRP denotes it
T10555 26114-26117 VBD denotes was
T10556 26118-26127 VBN denotes confirmed
T10557 26128-26132 IN denotes that
T10558 26133-26137 NNP denotes dCGN
T10559 26138-26145 VBD denotes induced
T10560 26146-26147 DT denotes a
T10561 26148-26154 JJ denotes strong
T10562 26155-26165 NN denotes activation
T10563 26166-26168 IN denotes of
T10564 26169-26174 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10565 26174-26175 , denotes ,
T10566 26176-26178 IN denotes as
T10567 26179-26188 VBN denotes reflected
T10568 26189-26191 IN denotes by
T10569 26192-26194 DT denotes an
T10570 26195-26203 NN denotes increase
T10571 26204-26206 IN denotes in
T10572 26207-26217 NN denotes luciferase
T10573 26218-26226 NN denotes activity
T10574 26227-26228 -LRB- denotes (
T10575 26228-26232 NNP denotes Fig.
T10576 26233-26235 NN denotes 7A
T10577 26235-26236 -RRB- denotes )
T10578 26236-26237 . denotes .
T10579 26238-26242 DT denotes Both
T10580 26243-26248 NNS denotes forms
T10581 26249-26251 IN denotes of
T10582 26252-26256 NNP denotes dCGN
T10583 26257-26261 VBD denotes used
T10584 26262-26269 JJ denotes induced
T10585 26270-26275 NN denotes NF-κB
T10586 26276-26286 NN denotes activation
T10587 26287-26289 IN denotes in
T10588 26290-26291 DT denotes a
T10589 26292-26296 NN denotes dose
T10590 26297-26306 JJ denotes dependent
T10591 26307-26313 NN denotes manner
T10592 26313-26314 . denotes .
T10593 26315-26322 RB denotes However
T10594 26322-26323 , denotes ,
T10595 26324-26327 DT denotes the
T10596 26328-26334 NN denotes effect
T10597 26335-26338 VBD denotes was
T10598 26339-26343 RBR denotes more
T10599 26344-26352 RB denotes strongly
T10600 26353-26360 VBN denotes induced
T10601 26361-26363 IN denotes by
T10602 26364-26367 DT denotes the
T10603 26368-26370 CD denotes 40
T10604 26371-26374 NNP denotes kDa
T10605 26375-26379 NNP denotes dCGN
T10606 26380-26381 -LRB- denotes (
T10607 26381-26385 NNP denotes Fig.
T10608 26386-26388 NN denotes 7A
T10609 26388-26389 -RRB- denotes )
T10610 26389-26390 . denotes .
T10611 26391-26396 DT denotes These
T10612 26397-26404 NNS denotes results
T10613 26405-26409 VBD denotes were
T10614 26410-26417 JJ denotes further
T10615 26418-26427 VBN denotes confirmed
T10616 26428-26430 IN denotes by
T10617 26431-26439 RB denotes directly
T10618 26440-26449 VBG denotes detecting
T10619 26450-26455 NN denotes NF-κB
T10620 26456-26458 IN denotes in
T10621 26459-26462 DT denotes the
T10622 26463-26467 NN denotes cell
T10623 26468-26475 NN denotes nucleus
T10624 26476-26478 IN denotes by
T10625 26479-26486 JJ denotes Western
T10626 26487-26495 VBG denotes blotting
T10627 26496-26497 -LRB- denotes (
T10628 26497-26501 NNP denotes Fig.
T10629 26502-26504 NNP denotes 7C
T10630 26504-26505 -RRB- denotes )
T10631 26506-26509 CC denotes and
T10632 26510-26512 IN denotes by
T10633 26513-26517 NNP denotes FACS
T10634 26518-26519 -LRB- denotes (
T10635 26519-26523 NNP denotes Fig.
T10636 26524-26526 NNP denotes 7D
T10637 26526-26527 -RRB- denotes )
T10638 26527-26528 . denotes .
T10639 26529-26534 DT denotes These
T10640 26535-26541 NNS denotes assays
T10641 26542-26546 RB denotes also
T10642 26547-26554 VBD denotes allowed
T10643 26555-26557 PRP denotes us
T10644 26558-26560 TO denotes to
T10645 26561-26570 VB denotes determine
T10646 26571-26575 WP denotes what
T10647 26576-26581 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10648 26582-26590 NNS denotes subunits
T10649 26591-26595 VBD denotes were
T10650 26596-26605 VBN denotes activated
T10651 26606-26608 IN denotes by
T10652 26609-26613 NNP denotes dCGN
T10653 26613-26614 . denotes .
T10654 26615-26619 DT denotes Both
T10655 26620-26625 NNS denotes forms
T10656 26626-26627 -LRB- denotes (
T10657 26627-26629 CD denotes 10
T10658 26630-26632 CC denotes or
T10659 26633-26635 CD denotes 40
T10660 26636-26639 NN denotes kDa
T10661 26639-26640 -RRB- denotes )
T10662 26641-26643 IN denotes of
T10663 26644-26648 NNP denotes dCGN
T10664 26649-26656 VBD denotes induced
T10665 26657-26667 NN denotes activation
T10666 26668-26670 IN denotes of
T10667 26671-26674 DT denotes the
T10668 26675-26678 CD denotes p50
T10669 26679-26682 CC denotes and
T10670 26683-26686 CD denotes p65
T10671 26687-26695 NNS denotes subunits
T10672 26696-26698 IN denotes of
T10673 26699-26704 NN denotes NF-κB
T10674 26704-26705 . denotes .
T10675 26706-26710 DT denotes This
T10676 26711-26718 JJ denotes nuclear
T10677 26719-26725 NN denotes factor
T10678 26726-26729 VBD denotes was
T10679 26730-26737 JJ denotes present
T10680 26738-26740 IN denotes in
T10681 26741-26744 JJ denotes low
T10682 26745-26751 NNS denotes levels
T10683 26752-26754 IN denotes in
T10684 26755-26758 DT denotes the
T10685 26759-26763 NN denotes cell
T10686 26764-26771 NN denotes nucleus
T10687 26772-26775 CC denotes and
T10688 26776-26785 VBD denotes increased
T10689 26786-26798 RB denotes considerably
T10690 26799-26804 IN denotes after
T10691 26805-26814 NN denotes treatment
T10692 26815-26819 IN denotes with
T10693 26820-26824 NNP denotes dCGN
T10694 26824-26825 . denotes .
T10695 26826-26833 JJ denotes Western
T10696 26834-26839 NNS denotes blots
T10697 26840-26849 VBD denotes suggested
T10698 26850-26853 DT denotes the
T10699 26854-26857 DT denotes the
T10700 26858-26860 CD denotes 40
T10701 26861-26864 NNP denotes kDa
T10702 26865-26869 NN denotes form
T10703 26870-26872 IN denotes of
T10704 26873-26877 NNP denotes dCGN
T10705 26878-26885 VBD denotes induced
T10706 26886-26887 DT denotes a
T10707 26888-26896 JJR denotes stronger
T10708 26897-26907 NN denotes activation
T10709 26908-26910 IN denotes of
T10710 26911-26916 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10711 26917-26918 -LRB- denotes (
T10712 26918-26922 NNP denotes Fig.
T10713 26923-26925 NNP denotes 7C
T10714 26925-26926 -RRB- denotes )
T10715 26926-26927 . denotes .
T10716 26928-26929 DT denotes A
T10717 26930-26934 JJR denotes more
T10718 26935-26942 JJ denotes sentive
T10719 26943-26948 NN denotes assay
T10720 26949-26952 IN denotes for
T10721 26953-26960 JJ denotes nuclear
T10722 26961-26967 NN denotes factor
T10723 26968-26978 NN denotes activation
T10724 26979-26981 VBZ denotes is
T10725 26982-26986 NN denotes flow
T10726 26987-26996 NN denotes cytometry
T10727 26997-26999 IN denotes of
T10728 27000-27006 JJ denotes nuclei
T10729 27007-27014 VBN denotes stained
T10730 27015-27019 IN denotes with
T10731 27020-27028 JJ denotes specific
T10732 27029-27039 NNS denotes antibodies
T10733 27040-27043 IN denotes for
T10734 27044-27047 DT denotes the
T10735 27048-27055 JJ denotes nuclear
T10736 27056-27062 NN denotes factor
T10737 27063-27065 IN denotes of
T10738 27066-27074 NN denotes interest
T10739 27074-27075 . denotes .
T10740 27076-27078 IN denotes In
T10741 27079-27088 NN denotes agreement
T10742 27089-27093 IN denotes with
T10743 27094-27097 DT denotes the
T10744 27098-27106 JJ denotes previous
T10745 27107-27111 NNS denotes data
T10746 27111-27112 , denotes ,
T10747 27113-27117 NNP denotes FACS
T10748 27118-27126 NN denotes analysis
T10749 27127-27129 IN denotes of
T10750 27130-27136 NNS denotes nuclei
T10751 27137-27141 IN denotes from
T10752 27142-27147 CD denotes THP-1
T10753 27148-27153 NNS denotes cells
T10754 27154-27160 VBD denotes showed
T10755 27161-27165 IN denotes that
T10756 27166-27171 EX denotes there
T10757 27172-27175 VBD denotes was
T10758 27176-27177 DT denotes a
T10759 27178-27183 JJ denotes basal
T10760 27184-27189 NN denotes level
T10761 27190-27192 IN denotes of
T10762 27193-27200 JJ denotes nuclear
T10763 27201-27206 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10764 27207-27208 -LRB- denotes (
T10765 27208-27212 NNP denotes Fig.
T10766 27213-27215 NNP denotes 7D
T10767 27215-27216 -RRB- denotes )
T10768 27216-27217 . denotes .
T10769 27218-27223 RB denotes Again
T10770 27223-27224 , denotes ,
T10771 27225-27229 DT denotes both
T10772 27230-27235 NNS denotes forms
T10773 27236-27237 -LRB- denotes (
T10774 27237-27239 CD denotes 10
T10775 27240-27242 CC denotes or
T10776 27243-27245 CD denotes 40
T10777 27246-27249 NN denotes kDa
T10778 27249-27250 -RRB- denotes )
T10779 27251-27253 IN denotes of
T10780 27254-27258 NNP denotes dCGN
T10781 27259-27266 VBD denotes induced
T10782 27267-27269 DT denotes an
T10783 27270-27278 NN denotes increase
T10784 27279-27281 IN denotes of
T10785 27282-27285 DT denotes the
T10786 27286-27289 CD denotes p50
T10787 27290-27293 CC denotes and
T10788 27294-27297 CD denotes p65
T10789 27298-27306 NNS denotes subunits
T10790 27307-27309 IN denotes of
T10791 27310-27315 NN denotes NF-κB
T10792 27316-27318 IN denotes in
T10793 27319-27322 DT denotes the
T10794 27323-27330 NN denotes nucleus
T10795 27331-27333 IN denotes of
T10796 27334-27339 DT denotes these
T10797 27340-27345 NNS denotes cells
T10798 27345-27346 . denotes .
T10799 27347-27350 DT denotes The
T10800 27351-27353 CD denotes 40
T10801 27354-27357 NN denotes kDa
T10802 27358-27366 JJ denotes degraded
T10803 27367-27370 NNP denotes CGN
T10804 27371-27375 VBD denotes gave
T10805 27376-27377 DT denotes a
T10806 27378-27386 JJR denotes stronger
T10807 27387-27395 NN denotes increase
T10808 27396-27398 IN denotes of
T10809 27399-27404 NNP denotes NF-κB
T10810 27405-27406 -LRB- denotes (
T10811 27406-27410 NNP denotes Fig.
T10812 27411-27413 NNP denotes 7D
T10813 27413-27414 -RRB- denotes )
T10814 27414-27415 . denotes .
T10815 27416-27421 DT denotes These
T10816 27422-27426 NNS denotes data
T10817 27427-27435 RB denotes strongly
T10818 27436-27443 VBP denotes suggest
T10819 27444-27448 IN denotes that
T10820 27449-27452 DT denotes the
T10821 27453-27464 NN denotes heterodimer
T10822 27465-27472 CD denotes p50/p65
T10823 27473-27475 VBZ denotes is
T10824 27476-27479 DT denotes the
T10825 27480-27485 JJ denotes NF-κB
T10826 27486-27493 NN denotes isoform
T10827 27494-27503 VBN denotes activated
T10828 27504-27506 IN denotes by
T10829 27507-27515 JJ denotes degraded
T10830 27516-27519 NNP denotes CGN
T10831 27520-27522 IN denotes in
T10832 27523-27532 NNS denotes monocytes
T10833 27532-27533 . denotes .
T10834 27534-27536 IN denotes In
T10835 27537-27545 NN denotes addition
T10836 27545-27546 , denotes ,
T10837 27547-27558 NN denotes degradation
T10838 27559-27561 IN denotes of
T10839 27562-27565 DT denotes the
T10840 27566-27575 NN denotes inhibitor
T10841 27576-27580 NNP denotes IκBα
T10842 27581-27584 VBD denotes was
T10843 27585-27589 RB denotes also
T10844 27590-27598 VBN denotes observed
T10845 27599-27601 IN denotes in
T10846 27602-27607 NNS denotes cells
T10847 27608-27615 VBN denotes treated
T10848 27616-27620 IN denotes with
T10849 27621-27625 NNP denotes dCGN
T10850 27626-27627 -LRB- denotes (
T10851 27627-27631 NNP denotes Fig.
T10852 27632-27634 NN denotes 7B
T10853 27634-27635 -RRB- denotes )
T10854 27635-27636 . denotes .
T10855 27637-27639 DT denotes No
T10856 27640-27651 JJ denotes significant
T10857 27652-27656 NNP denotes IκBα
T10858 27657-27668 NN denotes degradation
T10859 27669-27672 VBD denotes was
T10860 27673-27681 VBN denotes detected
T10861 27682-27688 IN denotes within
T10862 27689-27692 CD denotes two
T10863 27693-27698 NNS denotes hours
T10864 27699-27701 IN denotes of
T10865 27702-27706 NNP denotes dCGN
T10866 27707-27716 NN denotes treatment
T10867 27716-27717 , denotes ,
T10868 27718-27721 CC denotes but
T10869 27722-27726 NNP denotes IκBα
T10870 27727-27730 VBD denotes was
T10871 27731-27739 RB denotes markedly
T10872 27740-27748 JJ denotes degraded
T10873 27749-27751 IN denotes by
T10874 27752-27756 CD denotes four
T10875 27757-27762 NNS denotes hours
T10876 27763-27765 IN denotes of
T10877 27766-27770 NNP denotes dCGN
T10878 27771-27780 NN denotes treatment
T10879 27781-27782 -LRB- denotes (
T10880 27782-27786 NNP denotes Fig.
T10881 27787-27789 NN denotes 7B
T10882 27789-27790 -RRB- denotes )
T10883 27790-27791 . denotes .
T10884 27792-27794 PRP denotes We
T10885 27795-27802 VBD denotes focused
T10886 27803-27805 IN denotes on
T10887 27806-27810 NNP denotes IκBα
T10888 27811-27818 NN denotes subunit
T10889 27818-27819 , denotes ,
T10890 27820-27825 IN denotes since
T10891 27826-27828 PRP denotes it
T10892 27829-27834 NNS denotes masks
T10893 27835-27838 DT denotes the
T10894 27839-27846 JJ denotes nuclear
T10895 27847-27859 NN denotes localisation
T10896 27860-27868 NN denotes sequence
T10897 27869-27871 IN denotes of
T10898 27872-27875 NNS denotes p65
T10899 27875-27876 , denotes ,
T10900 27877-27879 PRP denotes it
T10901 27880-27882 VBZ denotes is
T10902 27883-27886 DT denotes the
T10903 27887-27891 RBS denotes most
T10904 27892-27899 RB denotes rapidly
T10905 27900-27908 JJ denotes degraded
T10906 27909-27916 NN denotes subunit
T10907 27917-27920 CC denotes and
T10908 27921-27924 DT denotes the
T10909 27925-27929 RBS denotes most
T10910 27930-27937 VBN denotes studied
T10911 27938-27941 CD denotes one
T10912 27941-27942 . denotes .
T13274 29501-29513 NNP denotes Inflammation
T13275 29514-29516 IN denotes of
T13276 29517-29520 DT denotes the
T13277 29521-29531 JJ denotes intestinal
T13278 29532-29537 NN denotes tract
T13279 29538-29540 VBZ denotes is
T13280 29541-29548 RB denotes usually
T13281 29549-29559 VBN denotes associated
T13282 29560-29564 IN denotes with
T13283 29565-29577 NN denotes infiltration
T13284 29578-29581 CC denotes and
T13285 29582-29592 NN denotes activation
T13286 29593-29595 IN denotes of
T13287 29596-29606 JJ denotes intestinal
T13288 29607-29618 NNS denotes macrophages
T13289 29619-29620 NNP denotes [
T13290 29620-29622 CD denotes 17
T13291 29622-29623 NNP denotes ]
T13292 29623-29624 . denotes .
T13293 29625-29630 DT denotes These
T13294 29631-29642 NNS denotes macrophages
T13295 29643-29646 VBP denotes are
T13296 29647-29651 JJ denotes able
T13297 29652-29654 TO denotes to
T13298 29655-29663 VB denotes initiate
T13299 29664-29670 JJ denotes immune
T13300 29671-29680 NNS denotes responses
T13301 29681-29684 CC denotes and
T13302 29685-29688 MD denotes can
T13303 29689-29691 VB denotes be
T13304 29692-29699 VBN denotes induced
T13305 29700-29702 TO denotes to
T13306 29703-29716 VB denotes differentiate
T13307 29717-29721 IN denotes into
T13308 29722-29727 NNS denotes cells
T13309 29728-29732 WDT denotes that
T13310 29733-29739 CC denotes either
T13311 29740-29750 VBP denotes exacerbate
T13312 29751-29753 CC denotes or
T13313 29754-29761 VBP denotes inhibit
T13314 29762-29765 DT denotes the
T13315 29766-29778 NN denotes inflammation
T13316 29778-29779 . denotes .
T13317 29780-29792 NNP denotes Accumulation
T13318 29793-29795 IN denotes of
T13319 29796-29805 JJ denotes different
T13320 29806-29811 NNS denotes types
T13321 29812-29814 IN denotes of
T13322 29815-29825 NNS denotes leukocytes
T13323 29825-29826 , denotes ,
T13324 29827-29836 VBG denotes including
T13325 29837-29858 NNS denotes monocytes/macrophages
T13326 29858-29859 , denotes ,
T13327 29860-29871 NNS denotes neutrophils
T13328 29871-29872 , denotes ,
T13329 29873-29876 CC denotes and
T13330 29877-29888 NNS denotes lymphocytes
T13331 29889-29891 IN denotes in
T13332 29892-29895 DT denotes the
T13333 29896-29906 JJ denotes intestinal
T13334 29907-29913 NN denotes mucosa
T13335 29914-29920 IN denotes during
T13336 29921-29933 NN denotes inflammation
T13337 29933-29934 , denotes ,
T13338 29935-29937 VBZ denotes is
T13339 29938-29946 RB denotes normally
T13340 29947-29955 VBN denotes followed
T13341 29956-29958 IN denotes by
T13342 29959-29968 NN denotes secretion
T13343 29969-29971 IN denotes of
T13344 29972-29988 JJ denotes pro-inflammatory
T13345 29989-29998 NNS denotes cytokines
T13346 29999-30000 NNP denotes [
T13347 30000-30002 CD denotes 33
T13348 30002-30003 NNP denotes ]
T13349 30003-30004 . denotes .
T13350 30005-30012 JJ denotes Several
T13351 30013-30020 NNS denotes stimuli
T13352 30021-30024 MD denotes can
T13353 30025-30031 VB denotes induce
T13354 30032-30037 DT denotes these
T13355 30038-30048 NNS denotes leukocytes
T13356 30049-30051 TO denotes to
T13357 30052-30059 VB denotes produce
T13358 30060-30063 CC denotes and
T13359 30064-30071 VB denotes secrete
T13360 30072-30081 NNS denotes cytokines
T13361 30082-30088 IN denotes during
T13362 30089-30101 NN denotes inflammation
T13363 30101-30102 . denotes .
T13364 30103-30106 CD denotes One
T13365 30107-30109 IN denotes of
T13366 30110-30113 DT denotes the
T13367 30114-30118 RBS denotes most
T13368 30119-30125 JJ denotes potent
T13369 30126-30129 CC denotes and
T13370 30130-30135 JJ denotes known
T13371 30136-30143 NNS denotes stimuli
T13372 30144-30147 IN denotes for
T13373 30148-30157 NN denotes leukocyte
T13374 30158-30168 NN denotes activation
T13375 30169-30171 VBZ denotes is
T13376 30172-30175 NNP denotes LPS
T13377 30176-30180 IN denotes from
T13378 30181-30194 JJ denotes Gram-negative
T13379 30195-30203 NNS denotes bacteria
T13380 30204-30205 NNP denotes [
T13381 30205-30207 CD denotes 34
T13382 30207-30208 NNP denotes ]
T13383 30208-30209 . denotes .
T13384 30210-30212 IN denotes In
T13385 30213-30221 NN denotes addition
T13386 30221-30222 , denotes ,
T13387 30223-30228 JJ denotes other
T13388 30229-30236 NNS denotes factors
T13389 30237-30240 VBP denotes are
T13390 30241-30245 RB denotes also
T13391 30246-30250 JJ denotes able
T13392 30251-30253 TO denotes to
T13393 30254-30263 VB denotes stimulate
T13394 30264-30272 JJ denotes cytokine
T13395 30273-30282 NN denotes secretion
T13396 30283-30287 IN denotes from
T13397 30288-30295 JJ denotes various
T13398 30296-30306 NNS denotes leukocytes
T13399 30307-30308 NNP denotes [
T13400 30308-30310 CD denotes 35
T13401 30310-30311 NNP denotes ]
T13402 30311-30312 , denotes ,
T13403 30313-30314 NNP denotes [
T13404 30314-30316 CD denotes 36
T13405 30316-30317 NNP denotes ]
T13406 30317-30318 . denotes .
T13407 30319-30322 CD denotes One
T13408 30323-30327 JJ denotes such
T13409 30328-30334 NN denotes factor
T13410 30335-30337 VBZ denotes is
T13411 30338-30341 NNP denotes CGN
T13412 30341-30342 , denotes ,
T13413 30343-30344 DT denotes a
T13414 30345-30349 JJ denotes high
T13415 30350-30359 JJ denotes molecular
T13416 30360-30366 NN denotes weight
T13417 30367-30376 VBN denotes sulphated
T13418 30377-30391 NN denotes polysaccharide
T13419 30392-30393 -LRB- denotes (
T13420 30393-30394 FW denotes >
T13421 30394-30397 CD denotes 200
T13422 30398-30401 NNP denotes kDa
T13423 30401-30402 -RRB- denotes )
T13424 30403-30410 VBN denotes derived
T13425 30411-30415 IN denotes from
T13426 30416-30419 JJ denotes red
T13427 30420-30425 NN denotes algae
T13428 30426-30427 -LRB- denotes (
T13429 30427-30439 NNP denotes Rhodophyceae
T13430 30439-30440 -RRB- denotes )
T13431 30441-30442 NNP denotes [
T13432 30442-30443 CD denotes 1
T13433 30443-30444 NNP denotes ]
T13434 30444-30445 , denotes ,
T13435 30446-30447 NNP denotes [
T13436 30447-30448 CD denotes 2
T13437 30448-30449 NNP denotes ]
T13438 30449-30450 . denotes .
T13439 30451-30457 JJ denotes Native
T13440 30458-30461 NNP denotes CGN
T13441 30462-30464 VBZ denotes is
T13442 30465-30471 RB denotes widely
T13443 30472-30476 VBN denotes used
T13444 30477-30479 IN denotes as
T13445 30480-30481 DT denotes a
T13446 30482-30486 NN denotes food
T13447 30487-30495 JJ denotes additive
T13448 30496-30497 -LRB- denotes (
T13449 30497-30498 NNP denotes E
T13450 30499-30502 CD denotes 407
T13451 30502-30503 -RRB- denotes )
T13452 30504-30506 TO denotes to
T13453 30507-30514 VB denotes improve
T13454 30515-30522 NN denotes texture
T13455 30522-30523 . denotes .
T13456 30524-30526 PRP denotes It
T13457 30527-30529 VBZ denotes is
T13458 30530-30534 RB denotes also
T13459 30535-30539 VBN denotes used
T13460 30540-30542 IN denotes in
T13461 30543-30552 NNS denotes cosmetics
T13462 30553-30556 CC denotes and
T13463 30557-30572 NNS denotes pharmaceuticals
T13464 30572-30573 . denotes .
T13465 30574-30582 IN denotes Although
T13466 30583-30589 JJ denotes native
T13467 30590-30594 NN denotes form
T13468 30595-30598 NNP denotes CGN
T13469 30599-30600 -LRB- denotes (
T13470 30600-30603 CD denotes 200
T13471 30604-30607 CD denotes 800
T13472 30608-30611 NNP denotes kDa
T13473 30611-30612 -RRB- denotes )
T13474 30613-30616 VBZ denotes has
T13475 30617-30621 VBN denotes been
T13476 30622-30630 VBN denotes declared
T13477 30631-30639 JJ denotes harmless
T13478 30640-30642 TO denotes to
T13479 30643-30649 NNS denotes humans
T13480 30650-30651 VBP denotes [
T13481 30651-30652 CD denotes 8
T13482 30652-30653 NNP denotes ]
T13483 30653-30654 , denotes ,
T13484 30655-30658 PRP$ denotes its
T13485 30659-30667 JJ denotes degraded
T13486 30668-30673 NNS denotes forms
T13487 30674-30675 -LRB- denotes (
T13488 30675-30676 CD denotes <
T13489 30676-30678 CD denotes 50
T13490 30679-30682 NN denotes kDa
T13491 30682-30683 -RRB- denotes )
T13492 30683-30684 , denotes ,
T13493 30685-30689 RB denotes also
T13494 30690-30695 VBN denotes known
T13495 30696-30698 IN denotes as
T13496 30699-30709 NN denotes poligeenan
T13497 30709-30710 , denotes ,
T13498 30711-30714 VBP denotes are
T13499 30715-30721 RB denotes widely
T13500 30722-30726 VBN denotes used
T13501 30727-30729 TO denotes to
T13502 30730-30736 VB denotes induce
T13503 30737-30744 NN denotes colitis
T13504 30745-30747 IN denotes in
T13505 30748-30755 NNS denotes rodents
T13506 30756-30757 VBP denotes [
T13507 30757-30758 CD denotes 3
T13508 30758-30759 JJ denotes ]
T13509 30760-30761 NN denotes [
T13510 30761-30762 CD denotes 5
T13511 30762-30763 NNP denotes ]
T13512 30763-30764 . denotes .
T13513 30765-30770 DT denotes These
T13514 30771-30779 JJ denotes degraded
T13515 30780-30783 NNP denotes CGN
T13516 30784-30787 MD denotes may
T13517 30788-30792 RB denotes also
T13518 30793-30797 VB denotes have
T13519 30798-30799 DT denotes a
T13520 30800-30808 JJ denotes possible
T13521 30809-30821 JJ denotes carcinogenic
T13522 30822-30828 NN denotes effect
T13523 30829-30830 NN denotes [
T13524 30830-30831 CD denotes 4
T13525 30831-30832 NNP denotes ]
T13526 30832-30833 , denotes ,
T13527 30834-30835 NNP denotes [
T13528 30835-30836 CD denotes 6
T13529 30836-30837 NNP denotes ]
T13530 30838-30839 NN denotes [
T13531 30839-30840 CD denotes 8
T13532 30840-30841 NNP denotes ]
T13533 30841-30842 : denotes ;
T13534 30843-30850 RB denotes however
T13535 30851-30855 DT denotes this
T13536 30856-30858 VBZ denotes is
T13537 30859-30864 RB denotes still
T13538 30865-30878 JJ denotes controversial
T13539 30878-30879 . denotes .
T13540 30880-30888 IN denotes Although
T13541 30889-30893 NN denotes acid
T13542 30894-30903 NN denotes treatment
T13543 30904-30906 IN denotes at
T13544 30907-30911 JJ denotes high
T13545 30912-30923 NN denotes temperature
T13546 30924-30925 -LRB- denotes (
T13547 30925-30927 CD denotes 80
T13548 30927-30928 CD denotes °
T13549 30928-30929 NNP denotes C
T13550 30929-30930 -RRB- denotes )
T13551 30931-30933 VBZ denotes is
T13552 30934-30942 VBN denotes required
T13553 30943-30946 IN denotes for
T13554 30947-30950 NNP denotes CGN
T13555 30951-30961 NN denotes hydrolysis
T13556 30962-30964 IN denotes in
T13557 30965-30970 NN denotes vitro
T13558 30971-30973 TO denotes to
T13559 30974-30979 JJR denotes lower
T13560 30980-30989 JJ denotes molecular
T13561 30990-30996 NN denotes weight
T13562 30997-31001 NNP denotes dCGN
T13563 31001-31002 , denotes ,
T13564 31003-31005 PRP denotes it
T13565 31006-31008 VBZ denotes is
T13566 31009-31017 JJ denotes probable
T13567 31018-31022 IN denotes that
T13568 31023-31027 DT denotes some
T13569 31028-31032 NNP denotes dCGN
T13570 31033-31036 VBP denotes are
T13571 31037-31045 VBN denotes produced
T13572 31046-31048 IN denotes by
T13573 31049-31053 NN denotes acid
T13574 31054-31064 NN denotes hydrolysis
T13575 31065-31071 IN denotes during
T13576 31072-31079 JJ denotes gastric
T13577 31080-31089 NN denotes digestion
T13578 31090-31091 NN denotes [
T13579 31091-31092 CD denotes 9
T13580 31092-31093 NNP denotes ]
T13581 31093-31094 , denotes ,
T13582 31095-31096 NNP denotes [
T13583 31096-31098 CD denotes 10
T13584 31098-31099 NNP denotes ]
T13585 31100-31102 CC denotes or
T13586 31103-31114 NN denotes interaction
T13587 31115-31119 IN denotes with
T13588 31120-31130 JJ denotes intestinal
T13589 31131-31139 NNS denotes bacteria
T13590 31140-31141 NNP denotes [
T13591 31141-31143 CD denotes 11
T13592 31143-31144 NNP denotes ]
T13593 31144-31145 , denotes ,
T13594 31146-31147 NNP denotes [
T13595 31147-31149 CD denotes 12
T13596 31149-31150 NNP denotes ]
T13597 31150-31151 . denotes .
T13598 31152-31156 RB denotes Thus
T13599 31156-31157 , denotes ,
T13600 31158-31171 VBG denotes understanding
T13601 31172-31175 DT denotes the
T13602 31176-31186 NNS denotes mechanisms
T13603 31187-31189 IN denotes of
T13604 31190-31202 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T13605 31203-31208 NN denotes bowel
T13606 31209-31221 NN denotes inflammation
T13607 31222-31224 VBZ denotes is
T13608 31225-31227 IN denotes of
T13609 31228-31233 JJ denotes great
T13610 31234-31244 NN denotes importance
T13611 31244-31245 . denotes .
T13612 31246-31248 IN denotes In
T13613 31249-31253 DT denotes this
T13614 31254-31260 NN denotes report
T13615 31260-31261 , denotes ,
T13616 31262-31264 PRP denotes we
T13617 31265-31269 VBP denotes have
T13618 31270-31278 VBN denotes analyzed
T13619 31279-31282 DT denotes the
T13620 31283-31287 NN denotes role
T13621 31288-31290 IN denotes of
T13622 31291-31296 JJ denotes human
T13623 31297-31306 NNS denotes monocytes
T13624 31307-31308 -LRB- denotes (
T13625 31308-31311 NNP denotes PBM
T13626 31312-31315 CC denotes and
T13627 31316-31321 NNP denotes THP-1
T13628 31321-31322 -RRB- denotes )
T13629 31323-31325 IN denotes in
T13630 31326-31338 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T13631 31339-31351 NN denotes inflammation
T13632 31351-31352 . denotes .
T13633 31353-31364 JJ denotes Preliminary
T13634 31365-31367 IN denotes in
T13635 31368-31372 NN denotes vivo
T13636 31373-31380 NNS denotes studies
T13637 31381-31383 IN denotes in
T13638 31384-31388 NNS denotes rats
T13639 31389-31396 VBN denotes treated
T13640 31397-31401 IN denotes with
T13641 31402-31406 NNP denotes dCGN
T13642 31407-31415 VBD denotes revealed
T13643 31416-31427 JJ denotes significant
T13644 31428-31438 VBG denotes shortening
T13645 31439-31441 IN denotes of
T13646 31442-31445 DT denotes the
T13647 31446-31451 JJ denotes large
T13648 31452-31461 JJ denotes intestine
T13649 31462-31472 VBN denotes associated
T13650 31473-31477 IN denotes with
T13651 31478-31480 DT denotes an
T13652 31481-31493 JJ denotes inflammatory
T13653 31494-31499 NN denotes state
T13654 31499-31500 , denotes ,
T13655 31501-31505 FW denotes i.e.
T13656 31506-31512 JJ denotes strong
T13657 31513-31525 NN denotes infiltration
T13658 31526-31528 IN denotes of
T13659 31529-31540 NNS denotes macrophages
T13660 31541-31543 TO denotes to
T13661 31544-31547 DT denotes the
T13662 31548-31558 JJ denotes intestinal
T13663 31559-31565 NN denotes mucosa
T13664 31566-31573 JJ denotes similar
T13665 31574-31576 TO denotes to
T13666 31577-31588 JJ denotes DSS-induced
T13667 31589-31601 NN denotes inflammation
T13668 31602-31603 NNP denotes [
T13669 31603-31605 CD denotes 20
T13670 31605-31606 NNP denotes ]
T13671 31606-31607 . denotes .
T13672 31608-31613 VBG denotes Using
T13673 31614-31617 CD denotes two
T13674 31618-31627 NNS denotes fractions
T13675 31628-31630 IN denotes of
T13676 31631-31635 NNP denotes dCGN
T13677 31636-31637 -LRB- denotes (
T13678 31637-31639 CD denotes 10
T13679 31640-31643 CC denotes and
T13680 31644-31646 CD denotes 40
T13681 31647-31650 NN denotes kDa
T13682 31650-31651 -RRB- denotes )
T13683 31651-31652 , denotes ,
T13684 31653-31655 PRP denotes we
T13685 31656-31664 VBD denotes observed
T13686 31665-31666 DT denotes a
T13687 31667-31673 JJ denotes strong
T13688 31674-31685 NN denotes correlation
T13689 31686-31693 IN denotes between
T13690 31694-31697 DT denotes the
T13691 31698-31706 NN denotes severity
T13692 31707-31709 IN denotes of
T13693 31710-31713 DT denotes the
T13694 31714-31726 NN denotes inflammation
T13695 31727-31730 CC denotes and
T13696 31731-31734 DT denotes the
T13697 31735-31739 NNP denotes dCGN
T13698 31740-31749 JJ denotes molecular
T13699 31750-31754 NN denotes size
T13700 31754-31755 , denotes ,
T13701 31756-31760 RB denotes thus
T13702 31761-31771 VBG denotes confirming
T13703 31772-31775 DT denotes the
T13704 31776-31780 NN denotes size
T13705 31781-31788 VBN denotes related
T13706 31789-31801 NN denotes inflammation
T13707 31802-31804 IN denotes in
T13708 31805-31809 NN denotes vivo
T13709 31809-31810 . denotes .
T13710 31811-31815 DT denotes This
T13711 31816-31826 NN denotes macrophage
T13712 31827-31839 NN denotes accumulation
T13713 31840-31843 VBD denotes was
T13714 31844-31847 RB denotes not
T13715 31848-31851 JJ denotes due
T13716 31852-31854 TO denotes to
T13717 31855-31859 NN denotes cell
T13718 31860-31873 NN denotes proliferation
T13719 31874-31881 IN denotes because
T13720 31882-31886 NNP denotes dCGN
T13721 31887-31896 VBD denotes inhibited
T13722 31897-31902 CD denotes THP-1
T13723 31903-31912 NNS denotes monocytes
T13724 31913-31926 NN denotes proliferation
T13725 31927-31929 IN denotes in
T13726 31930-31935 NN denotes vitro
T13727 31935-31936 . denotes .
T13728 31937-31942 DT denotes These
T13729 31943-31950 NNS denotes results
T13730 31951-31954 VBP denotes are
T13731 31955-31962 JJ denotes similar
T13732 31963-31965 TO denotes to
T13733 31966-31971 DT denotes those
T13734 31972-31980 VBN denotes obtained
T13735 31981-31985 IN denotes with
T13736 31986-31991 JJ denotes human
T13737 31992-31999 JJ denotes colonic
T13738 32000-32010 JJ denotes epithelial
T13739 32011-32016 NNS denotes cells
T13740 32017-32018 -LRB- denotes (
T13741 32018-32024 CD denotes NCM460
T13742 32025-32029 NN denotes cell
T13743 32030-32034 NN denotes line
T13744 32034-32035 -RRB- denotes )
T13745 32036-32043 VBN denotes exposed
T13746 32044-32046 TO denotes to
T13747 32047-32053 JJ denotes native
T13748 32054-32057 NNP denotes CGN
T13749 32058-32061 IN denotes for
T13750 32062-32063 CD denotes 1
T13751 32064-32065 CD denotes 8
T13752 32066-32070 NNS denotes days
T13753 32071-32072 NNP denotes [
T13754 32072-32074 CD denotes 37
T13755 32074-32075 NNP denotes ]
T13756 32075-32076 . denotes .
T13757 32077-32081 RB denotes Thus
T13758 32081-32082 , denotes ,
T13759 32083-32085 PRP denotes it
T13760 32086-32091 VBZ denotes seems
T13761 32092-32096 IN denotes that
T13762 32097-32101 NNP denotes dCGN
T13763 32102-32109 VB denotes promote
T13764 32110-32120 NN denotes macrophage
T13765 32121-32133 NN denotes infiltration
T13766 32134-32136 IN denotes by
T13767 32137-32147 VBG denotes recruiting
T13768 32148-32151 JJ denotes new
T13769 32152-32157 NNS denotes cells
T13770 32158-32160 TO denotes to
T13771 32161-32164 DT denotes the
T13772 32165-32173 JJ denotes inflamed
T13773 32174-32184 JJ denotes intestinal
T13774 32185-32191 NN denotes mucosa
T13775 32192-32195 CC denotes and
T13776 32196-32199 RB denotes not
T13777 32200-32202 IN denotes by
T13778 32203-32211 VBG denotes inducing
T13779 32212-32216 NN denotes cell
T13780 32217-32230 NN denotes proliferation
T13781 32230-32231 . denotes .
T13782 32232-32234 IN denotes In
T13783 32235-32243 NN denotes addition
T13784 32243-32244 , denotes ,
T13785 32245-32249 RB denotes very
T13786 32250-32253 JJ denotes few
T13787 32254-32271 NN denotes polymorphonuclear
T13788 32272-32277 NNS denotes cells
T13789 32278-32282 VBD denotes were
T13790 32283-32291 VBN denotes detected
T13791 32292-32294 IN denotes in
T13792 32295-32298 DT denotes the
T13793 32299-32305 NN denotes mucosa
T13794 32306-32308 IN denotes at
T13795 32309-32312 DT denotes the
T13796 32313-32317 NN denotes time
T13797 32318-32323 NN denotes point
T13798 32324-32332 VBD denotes analyzed
T13799 32333-32335 IN denotes as
T13800 32336-32348 VBN denotes demonstrated
T13801 32349-32351 IN denotes by
T13802 32352-32353 DT denotes a
T13803 32354-32358 RB denotes very
T13804 32359-32362 JJ denotes low
T13805 32363-32368 NN denotes level
T13806 32369-32371 IN denotes of
T13807 32372-32375 NNP denotes MPO
T13808 32376-32378 IN denotes in
T13809 32379-32382 DT denotes the
T13810 32383-32393 JJ denotes intestinal
T13811 32394-32400 NN denotes tissue
T13812 32400-32401 . denotes .
T13813 32402-32407 DT denotes These
T13814 32408-32415 NNS denotes results
T13815 32416-32423 VBP denotes suggest
T13816 32424-32428 IN denotes that
T13817 32429-32438 NNS denotes monocytes
T13818 32439-32444 MD denotes might
T13819 32445-32452 VB denotes produce
T13820 32453-32462 NNS denotes cytokines
T13821 32463-32473 VBN denotes associated
T13822 32474-32478 IN denotes with
T13823 32479-32489 NN denotes activation
T13824 32490-32494 IN denotes into
T13825 32495-32506 NNS denotes macrophages
T13826 32507-32509 IN denotes in
T13827 32510-32518 NN denotes response
T13828 32519-32521 TO denotes to
T13829 32522-32526 NNP denotes dCGN
T13830 32526-32527 . denotes .
T13831 32528-32532 RB denotes Thus
T13832 32532-32533 , denotes ,
T13833 32534-32536 PRP denotes we
T13834 32537-32545 VBD denotes analyzed
T13835 32546-32549 DT denotes the
T13836 32550-32560 NN denotes production
T13837 32561-32563 IN denotes of
T13838 32564-32567 NNP denotes TNF
T13839 32568-32570 IN denotes by
T13840 32571-32575 DT denotes both
T13841 32576-32579 NNP denotes PBM
T13842 32580-32583 CC denotes and
T13843 32584-32589 NNP denotes THP-1
T13844 32590-32595 NNS denotes cells
T13845 32596-32598 IN denotes in
T13846 32599-32607 NN denotes response
T13847 32608-32610 TO denotes to
T13848 32611-32615 NNP denotes dCGN
T13849 32615-32616 . denotes .
T13850 32617-32625 JJ denotes Degraded
T13851 32626-32629 NNP denotes CGN
T13852 32630-32637 VBD denotes induced
T13853 32638-32639 DT denotes a
T13854 32640-32646 JJ denotes robust
T13855 32647-32657 NN denotes production
T13856 32658-32660 IN denotes of
T13857 32661-32664 NNP denotes TNF
T13858 32665-32667 IN denotes by
T13859 32668-32677 NNS denotes monocytes
T13860 32677-32678 . denotes .
T13861 32679-32682 DT denotes The
T13862 32683-32685 CD denotes 40
T13863 32686-32689 NNP denotes kDa
T13864 32690-32694 NN denotes form
T13865 32695-32697 IN denotes of
T13866 32698-32702 NNP denotes dCGN
T13867 32703-32706 VBD denotes was
T13868 32707-32711 RBR denotes more
T13869 32712-32718 JJ denotes potent
T13870 32719-32722 IN denotes for
T13871 32723-32731 NN denotes monocyte
T13872 32732-32743 NN denotes stimulation
T13873 32744-32748 IN denotes than
T13874 32749-32752 DT denotes the
T13875 32753-32755 CD denotes 10
T13876 32756-32759 NN denotes kDa
T13877 32760-32762 CC denotes or
T13878 32763-32766 DT denotes the
T13879 32767-32773 JJ denotes native
T13880 32774-32778 NNS denotes ones
T13881 32778-32779 . denotes .
T13882 32780-32792 RB denotes Surprisingly
T13883 32792-32793 , denotes ,
T13884 32794-32802 NN denotes monocyte
T13885 32803-32813 NN denotes activation
T13886 32814-32816 IN denotes by
T13887 32817-32821 NNP denotes dCGN
T13888 32822-32824 TO denotes to
T13889 32825-32832 VB denotes produce
T13890 32833-32836 NNP denotes TNF
T13891 32837-32840 VBD denotes was
T13892 32841-32845 JJ denotes much
T13893 32846-32854 JJR denotes stronger
T13894 32855-32859 IN denotes than
T13895 32860-32863 DT denotes the
T13896 32864-32874 NN denotes activation
T13897 32875-32882 VBN denotes induced
T13898 32883-32885 IN denotes by
T13899 32886-32889 NNP denotes LPS
T13900 32889-32890 , denotes ,
T13901 32891-32893 DT denotes an
T13902 32894-32906 JJ denotes inflammatory
T13903 32907-32913 NN denotes factor
T13904 32914-32924 VBN denotes considered
T13905 32925-32927 TO denotes to
T13906 32928-32930 VB denotes be
T13907 32931-32936 IN denotes among
T13908 32937-32940 DT denotes the
T13909 32941-32945 RBS denotes most
T13910 32946-32952 JJ denotes potent
T13911 32953-32960 NNS denotes stimuli
T13912 32961-32964 IN denotes for
T13913 32965-32974 NN denotes leukocyte
T13914 32975-32985 NN denotes activation
T13915 32985-32986 . denotes .
T13916 32987-32992 DT denotes These
T13917 32993-33000 NNS denotes results
T13918 33001-33010 VBP denotes underline
T13919 33011-33014 DT denotes the
T13920 33015-33019 NN denotes fact
T13921 33020-33024 IN denotes that
T13922 33025-33034 RB denotes partially
T13923 33035-33043 JJ denotes degraded
T13924 33044-33049 NNS denotes forms
T13925 33050-33052 IN denotes of
T13926 33053-33056 NNP denotes CGN
T13927 33057-33061 VBP denotes have
T13928 33062-33071 JJ denotes important
T13929 33072-33080 JJ denotes cellular
T13930 33081-33088 NNS denotes effects
T13931 33088-33089 . denotes .
T13932 33090-33093 DT denotes The
T13933 33094-33100 NN denotes amount
T13934 33101-33103 IN denotes of
T13935 33104-33107 NNP denotes TNF
T13936 33108-33116 VBN denotes secreted
T13937 33117-33119 IN denotes by
T13938 33120-33123 NNP denotes PBM
T13939 33124-33131 VBD denotes induced
T13940 33132-33136 IN denotes with
T13941 33137-33140 NNP denotes LPS
T13942 33141-33144 VBD denotes was
T13943 33145-33149 RB denotes much
T13944 33150-33156 JJR denotes larger
T13945 33157-33161 IN denotes than
T13946 33162-33165 DT denotes the
T13947 33166-33169 CD denotes one
T13948 33170-33178 VBN denotes secreted
T13949 33179-33181 IN denotes by
T13950 33182-33187 CD denotes THP-1
T13951 33188-33197 NNS denotes monocytes
T13952 33197-33198 . denotes .
T13953 33199-33204 IN denotes Since
T13954 33205-33213 NN denotes monocyte
T13955 33214-33224 NN denotes activation
T13956 33225-33227 IN denotes by
T13957 33228-33231 NNP denotes LPS
T13958 33232-33234 VBZ denotes is
T13959 33235-33245 VBN denotes associated
T13960 33246-33250 IN denotes with
T13961 33251-33254 DT denotes the
T13962 33255-33263 NN denotes presence
T13963 33264-33266 IN denotes of
T13964 33267-33270 DT denotes the
T13965 33271-33275 NNP denotes CD14
T13966 33276-33279 CC denotes and
T13967 33280-33284 NNP denotes TLR4
T13968 33285-33294 NNS denotes receptors
T13969 33295-33296 NNP denotes [
T13970 33296-33298 CD denotes 38
T13971 33298-33299 NNP denotes ]
T13972 33300-33301 NNP denotes [
T13973 33301-33303 CD denotes 40
T13974 33303-33304 NNP denotes ]
T13975 33304-33305 , denotes ,
T13976 33306-33309 DT denotes the
T13977 33310-33319 JJ denotes different
T13978 33320-33328 NN denotes response
T13979 33329-33337 VBD denotes observed
T13980 33338-33343 MD denotes could
T13981 33344-33346 VB denotes be
T13982 33347-33350 JJ denotes due
T13983 33351-33353 TO denotes to
T13984 33354-33357 DT denotes the
T13985 33358-33367 JJ denotes different
T13986 33368-33378 NN denotes expression
T13987 33379-33381 IN denotes of
T13988 33382-33387 DT denotes these
T13989 33388-33397 NNS denotes receptors
T13990 33398-33400 IN denotes in
T13991 33401-33404 NNP denotes PBM
T13992 33405-33408 CC denotes and
T13993 33409-33414 NNP denotes THP-1
T13994 33415-33420 NNS denotes cells
T13995 33420-33421 . denotes .
T13996 33422-33426 CD denotes CD14
T13997 33427-33429 VBZ denotes is
T13998 33430-33433 RB denotes not
T13999 33434-33443 VBN denotes expressed
T14000 33444-33446 IN denotes by
T14001 33447-33452 CD denotes THP-1
T14002 33453-33462 NNS denotes monocytes
T14003 33462-33463 , denotes ,
T14004 33464-33467 CC denotes but
T14005 33468-33470 PRP denotes it
T14006 33471-33473 VBZ denotes is
T14007 33474-33483 VBN denotes expressed
T14008 33484-33486 IN denotes by
T14009 33487-33490 NNP denotes PBM
T14010 33490-33491 . denotes .
T14011 33492-33496 DT denotes This
T14012 33497-33501 NN denotes fact
T14013 33502-33507 MD denotes could
T14014 33508-33515 VB denotes explain
T14015 33516-33519 WRB denotes why
T14016 33520-33525 JJ denotes THP-1
T14017 33526-33531 NNS denotes cells
T14018 33532-33540 VBD denotes produced
T14019 33541-33542 DT denotes a
T14020 33543-33547 RB denotes much
T14021 33548-33555 JJR denotes smaller
T14022 33556-33564 NN denotes response
T14023 33565-33567 TO denotes to
T14024 33568-33571 NNP denotes LPS
T14025 33572-33576 IN denotes than
T14026 33577-33580 NNP denotes PBM
T14027 33581-33584 CC denotes and
T14028 33585-33589 RB denotes also
T14029 33590-33593 DT denotes the
T14030 33594-33604 NN denotes difference
T14031 33605-33607 IN denotes of
T14032 33608-33616 NNS denotes kinetics
T14033 33617-33619 IN denotes in
T14034 33620-33623 DT denotes the
T14035 33624-33627 NNP denotes LPS
T14036 33628-33635 VBD denotes induced
T14037 33636-33639 NNP denotes TNF
T14038 33640-33649 NN denotes secretion
T14039 33649-33650 . denotes .
T14040 33651-33654 DT denotes The
T14041 33655-33659 NN denotes peak
T14042 33660-33662 IN denotes of
T14043 33663-33666 NNP denotes TNF
T14044 33667-33675 NN denotes response
T14045 33676-33679 VBD denotes was
T14046 33680-33688 VBN denotes observed
T14047 33689-33694 IN denotes after
T14048 33695-33696 CD denotes 8
T14049 33697-33698 NN denotes h
T14050 33699-33710 NN denotes stimulation
T14051 33711-33719 VBN denotes followed
T14052 33720-33722 IN denotes by
T14053 33723-33724 DT denotes a
T14054 33725-33730 JJ denotes rapid
T14055 33731-33739 NN denotes decrease
T14056 33740-33742 TO denotes to
T14057 33743-33751 NN denotes baseline
T14058 33752-33754 IN denotes at
T14059 33755-33757 CD denotes 10
T14060 33758-33759 NN denotes h
T14061 33759-33760 , denotes ,
T14062 33761-33768 IN denotes whereas
T14063 33769-33771 IN denotes on
T14064 33772-33777 CD denotes THP-1
T14065 33778-33783 NNS denotes cells
T14066 33784-33787 DT denotes the
T14067 33788-33792 NN denotes peak
T14068 33793-33796 VBD denotes was
T14069 33797-33800 RB denotes not
T14070 33801-33808 VBN denotes reached
T14071 33809-33814 IN denotes until
T14072 33815-33820 IN denotes after
T14073 33821-33823 CD denotes 56
T14074 33824-33826 NN denotes h.
T14075 33827-33835 RB denotes Moreover
T14076 33835-33836 , denotes ,
T14077 33837-33840 DT denotes the
T14078 33841-33847 NN denotes amount
T14079 33848-33850 IN denotes of
T14080 33851-33854 NNP denotes TNF
T14081 33855-33863 VBN denotes secreted
T14082 33864-33866 IN denotes by
T14083 33867-33876 NNS denotes monocytes
T14084 33877-33884 VBN denotes induced
T14085 33885-33889 IN denotes with
T14086 33890-33894 NNP denotes dCGN
T14087 33895-33898 VBD denotes was
T14088 33899-33903 RB denotes much
T14089 33904-33910 JJR denotes larger
T14090 33911-33915 IN denotes than
T14091 33916-33919 DT denotes the
T14092 33920-33923 CD denotes one
T14093 33924-33931 VBN denotes induced
T14094 33932-33934 IN denotes by
T14095 33935-33938 NNP denotes LPS
T14096 33938-33939 . denotes .
T14097 33940-33942 IN denotes On
T14098 33943-33946 DT denotes the
T14099 33947-33952 JJ denotes other
T14100 33953-33957 NN denotes hand
T14101 33957-33958 , denotes ,
T14102 33959-33962 NNP denotes LPS
T14103 33963-33966 CC denotes and
T14104 33967-33971 NNP denotes dCGN
T14105 33972-33981 VBD denotes displayed
T14106 33982-33983 DT denotes a
T14107 33984-33988 RB denotes very
T14108 33989-33998 JJ denotes different
T14109 33999-34002 NNP denotes TNF
T14110 34003-34012 NN denotes secretion
T14111 34013-34018 NN denotes curve
T14112 34019-34021 IN denotes in
T14113 34022-34027 CD denotes THP-1
T14114 34028-34033 NNS denotes cells
T14115 34033-34034 . denotes .
T14116 34035-34040 DT denotes These
T14117 34041-34052 NNS denotes differences
T14118 34053-34060 VBP denotes suggest
T14119 34061-34065 IN denotes that
T14120 34066-34070 NNP denotes dCGN
T14121 34071-34074 CC denotes and
T14122 34075-34078 NNP denotes LPS
T14123 34079-34084 MD denotes could
T14124 34085-34088 VB denotes use
T14125 34089-34098 JJ denotes different
T14126 34099-34109 NN denotes activation
T14127 34110-34120 NNS denotes mechanisms
T14128 34120-34121 . denotes .
T14129 34122-34124 PRP denotes It
T14130 34125-34127 VBZ denotes is
T14131 34128-34138 JJ denotes noteworthy
T14132 34139-34143 IN denotes that
T14133 34144-34156 VBG denotes neutralizing
T14134 34157-34165 NN denotes antibody
T14135 34166-34168 TO denotes to
T14136 34169-34173 CD denotes CD14
T14137 34174-34178 RB denotes only
T14138 34179-34188 RB denotes partially
T14139 34189-34190 -LRB- denotes (
T14140 34190-34191 FW denotes <
T14141 34191-34193 CD denotes 40
T14142 34193-34194 NN denotes %
T14143 34194-34195 -RRB- denotes )
T14144 34196-34205 VBD denotes inhibited
T14145 34206-34218 JJ denotes dCGN-induced
T14146 34219-34222 NNP denotes TNF
T14147 34223-34232 NN denotes secretion
T14148 34233-34234 -LRB- denotes (
T14149 34234-34237 RB denotes not
T14150 34238-34243 VBN denotes shown
T14151 34243-34244 -RRB- denotes )
T14152 34244-34245 . denotes .
T14153 34246-34250 CD denotes TLR4
T14154 34251-34254 VBZ denotes has
T14155 34255-34259 VBN denotes been
T14156 34260-34268 RB denotes recently
T14157 34269-34279 VBN denotes identified
T14158 34280-34282 IN denotes as
T14159 34283-34284 DT denotes a
T14160 34285-34292 NN denotes surface
T14161 34293-34301 NN denotes membrane
T14162 34302-34310 NN denotes receptor
T14163 34311-34314 IN denotes for
T14164 34315-34318 NNP denotes CGN
T14165 34319-34321 IN denotes in
T14166 34322-34327 JJ denotes human
T14167 34328-34335 JJ denotes colonic
T14168 34336-34346 JJ denotes epithelial
T14169 34347-34352 NNS denotes cells
T14170 34353-34354 NNP denotes [
T14171 34354-34356 CD denotes 41
T14172 34356-34357 NNP denotes ]
T14173 34357-34358 . denotes .
T14174 34359-34363 RB denotes Thus
T14175 34363-34364 , denotes ,
T14176 34365-34367 PRP denotes it
T14177 34368-34370 VBZ denotes is
T14178 34371-34379 JJ denotes possible
T14179 34380-34384 IN denotes that
T14180 34385-34389 CD denotes TLR4
T14181 34390-34392 VBZ denotes is
T14182 34393-34402 VBN denotes activated
T14183 34403-34405 IN denotes by
T14184 34406-34410 NNP denotes dCGN
T14185 34411-34413 TO denotes to
T14186 34414-34420 VB denotes induce
T14187 34421-34429 JJ denotes cytokine
T14188 34430-34439 NN denotes secretion
T14189 34440-34442 IN denotes by
T14190 34443-34452 NNS denotes monocytes
T14191 34452-34453 . denotes .
T14192 34454-34456 PRP denotes We
T14193 34457-34460 MD denotes can
T14194 34461-34465 RB denotes only
T14195 34466-34475 VB denotes speculate
T14196 34476-34480 IN denotes that
T14197 34481-34485 CD denotes TLR4
T14198 34486-34489 MD denotes may
T14199 34490-34494 VB denotes have
T14200 34495-34496 DT denotes a
T14201 34497-34503 JJR denotes higher
T14202 34504-34520 JJ denotes affinity-binding
T14203 34521-34525 NN denotes site
T14204 34526-34529 IN denotes for
T14205 34530-34534 NNP denotes dCGN
T14206 34535-34539 IN denotes than
T14207 34540-34543 IN denotes for
T14208 34544-34547 NNP denotes LPS
T14209 34547-34548 , denotes ,
T14210 34549-34556 RB denotes however
T14211 34556-34557 , denotes ,
T14212 34558-34562 DT denotes this
T14213 34563-34573 NN denotes hypothesis
T14214 34574-34581 VBZ denotes remains
T14215 34582-34584 TO denotes to
T14216 34585-34587 VB denotes be
T14217 34588-34594 VBN denotes tested
T14218 34594-34595 . denotes .
T14219 34596-34603 DT denotes Another
T14220 34604-34613 NN denotes indicator
T14221 34614-34618 IN denotes that
T14222 34619-34623 NNP denotes dCGN
T14223 34624-34633 VBP denotes stimulate
T14224 34634-34643 NNS denotes monocytes
T14225 34644-34651 VBG denotes leading
T14226 34652-34654 TO denotes to
T14227 34655-34656 DT denotes a
T14228 34657-34661 RBR denotes more
T14229 34662-34668 JJ denotes active
T14230 34669-34678 NN denotes phenotype
T14231 34679-34681 VBZ denotes is
T14232 34682-34685 DT denotes the
T14233 34686-34690 NN denotes fact
T14234 34691-34695 IN denotes that
T14235 34696-34703 NN denotes surface
T14236 34704-34714 NN denotes expression
T14237 34715-34717 IN denotes of
T14238 34718-34721 DT denotes the
T14239 34722-34730 NN denotes adhesion
T14240 34731-34739 NN denotes molecule
T14241 34740-34746 NN denotes ICAM-1
T14242 34747-34750 VBD denotes was
T14243 34751-34759 VBN denotes enhanced
T14244 34760-34762 IN denotes in
T14245 34763-34767 DT denotes both
T14246 34768-34771 NNP denotes PBM
T14247 34772-34775 CC denotes and
T14248 34776-34781 NNP denotes THP-1
T14249 34782-34787 NNS denotes cells
T14250 34787-34788 . denotes .
T14251 34789-34792 DT denotes The
T14252 34793-34797 IN denotes over
T14253 34798-34808 NN denotes expression
T14254 34809-34811 IN denotes of
T14255 34812-34818 NN denotes ICAM-1
T14256 34819-34825 VBD denotes caused
T14257 34826-34829 DT denotes the
T14258 34830-34839 VBN denotes activated
T14259 34840-34849 NNS denotes monocytes
T14260 34850-34852 TO denotes to
T14261 34853-34857 VB denotes form
T14262 34858-34862 NN denotes cell
T14263 34863-34873 NNS denotes aggregates
T14264 34874-34878 WDT denotes that
T14265 34879-34883 VBD denotes were
T14266 34884-34888 JJR denotes more
T14267 34889-34897 JJ denotes abundant
T14268 34898-34903 IN denotes among
T14269 34904-34909 NNS denotes cells
T14270 34910-34917 VBN denotes treated
T14271 34918-34922 IN denotes with
T14272 34923-34926 DT denotes the
T14273 34927-34929 CD denotes 40
T14274 34930-34933 NNP denotes kDa
T14275 34934-34938 NNP denotes dCGN
T14276 34938-34939 . denotes .
T14277 34940-34944 DT denotes This
T14278 34945-34955 VBZ denotes correlates
T14279 34956-34960 IN denotes with
T14280 34961-34964 DT denotes the
T14281 34965-34971 JJR denotes higher
T14282 34972-34982 NN denotes expression
T14283 34983-34985 IN denotes of
T14284 34986-34992 NN denotes ICAM-1
T14285 34993-35000 VBN denotes induced
T14286 35001-35003 IN denotes by
T14287 35004-35007 DT denotes the
T14288 35008-35010 CD denotes 40
T14289 35011-35014 NNP denotes kDa
T14290 35015-35019 NNP denotes dCGN
T14291 35019-35020 , denotes ,
T14292 35021-35031 VBG denotes suggesting
T14293 35032-35036 IN denotes that
T14294 35037-35040 DT denotes the
T14295 35041-35050 RB denotes partially
T14296 35051-35059 JJ denotes degraded
T14297 35060-35063 NNP denotes CGN
T14298 35064-35066 VBZ denotes is
T14299 35067-35071 RBR denotes more
T14300 35072-35084 RB denotes biologically
T14301 35085-35091 JJ denotes active
T14302 35091-35092 . denotes .
T14303 35093-35095 IN denotes In
T14304 35096-35104 NN denotes addition
T14305 35104-35105 , denotes ,
T14306 35106-35109 DT denotes the
T14307 35110-35114 NN denotes cell
T14308 35115-35125 NNS denotes aggregates
T14309 35126-35129 VBP denotes are
T14310 35130-35141 JJ denotes reminiscent
T14311 35142-35144 IN denotes of
T14312 35145-35153 NN denotes monocyte
T14313 35154-35164 NNS denotes aggregates
T14314 35164-35165 , denotes ,
T14315 35166-35171 WDT denotes which
T14316 35172-35176 VBP denotes form
T14317 35177-35191 JJ denotes multinucleated
T14318 35192-35197 JJ denotes giant
T14319 35198-35203 NNS denotes cells
T14320 35204-35205 -LRB- denotes (
T14321 35205-35208 NNP denotes MGC
T14322 35208-35209 -RRB- denotes )
T14323 35210-35212 IN denotes in
T14324 35213-35221 NNS denotes patients
T14325 35222-35226 IN denotes with
T14326 35227-35232 NNP denotes Crohn
T14327 35232-35234 POS denotes 's
T14328 35235-35242 NN denotes disease
T14329 35243-35244 NNP denotes [
T14330 35244-35246 CD denotes 42
T14331 35246-35247 NNP denotes ]
T14332 35247-35248 . denotes .
T14333 35249-35254 DT denotes These
T14334 35255-35260 JJ denotes giant
T14335 35261-35266 NNS denotes cells
T14336 35267-35271 VBD denotes were
T14337 35272-35275 RB denotes not
T14338 35276-35284 VBN denotes observed
T14339 35285-35287 IN denotes in
T14340 35288-35295 JJ denotes healthy
T14341 35296-35307 NNS denotes individuals
T14342 35308-35310 CC denotes or
T14343 35311-35313 IN denotes in
T14344 35314-35322 NNS denotes patients
T14345 35323-35327 IN denotes with
T14346 35328-35338 JJ denotes ulcerative
T14347 35339-35346 NNS denotes colitis
T14348 35347-35348 NNP denotes [
T14349 35348-35350 CD denotes 42
T14350 35350-35351 NNP denotes ]
T14351 35351-35352 . denotes .
T14352 35353-35361 RB denotes Moreover
T14353 35361-35362 , denotes ,
T14354 35363-35372 VBD denotes increased
T14355 35373-35383 NN denotes expression
T14356 35384-35390 NNS denotes levels
T14357 35391-35393 IN denotes of
T14358 35394-35400 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T14359 35401-35404 CC denotes and
T14360 35405-35410 NNP denotes LFA-3
T14361 35411-35412 -LRB- denotes (
T14362 35412-35416 NNP denotes CD58
T14363 35416-35417 -RRB- denotes )
T14364 35418-35422 VBD denotes were
T14365 35423-35427 RB denotes also
T14366 35428-35436 VBN denotes detected
T14367 35437-35439 IN denotes in
T14368 35440-35449 NNS denotes monocytes
T14369 35450-35454 IN denotes from
T14370 35455-35463 NNS denotes patients
T14371 35464-35468 IN denotes with
T14372 35469-35474 NNP denotes Crohn
T14373 35474-35476 POS denotes 's
T14374 35477-35484 NN denotes disease
T14375 35485-35486 NNP denotes [
T14376 35486-35488 CD denotes 43
T14377 35488-35489 NNP denotes ]
T14378 35489-35490 , denotes ,
T14379 35491-35492 NNP denotes [
T14380 35492-35494 CD denotes 44
T14381 35494-35495 NNP denotes ]
T14382 35495-35496 . denotes .
T14383 35497-35501 RB denotes Thus
T14384 35501-35502 , denotes ,
T14385 35503-35511 JJ denotes degraded
T14386 35512-35515 NNP denotes CGN
T14387 35516-35523 RB denotes clearly
T14388 35524-35527 MD denotes can
T14389 35528-35536 VB denotes activate
T14390 35537-35546 NNS denotes monocytes
T14391 35547-35549 TO denotes to
T14392 35550-35557 VB denotes express
T14393 35558-35560 DT denotes an
T14394 35561-35570 VBN denotes increased
T14395 35571-35577 NN denotes number
T14396 35578-35580 IN denotes of
T14397 35581-35587 NN denotes ICAM-1
T14398 35588-35596 NN denotes adhesion
T14399 35597-35606 NNS denotes molecules
T14400 35606-35607 , denotes ,
T14401 35608-35617 RB denotes therefore
T14402 35618-35623 VBG denotes being
T14403 35624-35631 JJ denotes capable
T14404 35632-35634 IN denotes of
T14405 35635-35643 VBG denotes creating
T14406 35644-35647 DT denotes the
T14407 35648-35658 NNS denotes conditions
T14408 35659-35673 NN denotes characteristic
T14409 35674-35676 IN denotes of
T14410 35677-35682 NNP denotes Crohn
T14411 35682-35684 POS denotes 's
T14412 35685-35692 NN denotes disease
T14413 35693-35707 NN denotes symptomatology
T14414 35707-35708 , denotes ,
T14415 35709-35713 FW denotes i.e.
T14416 35714-35717 FW denotes PBM
T14417 35718-35730 NN denotes accumulation
T14418 35731-35734 CC denotes and
T14419 35735-35738 NNP denotes MGC
T14420 35739-35748 NN denotes formation
T14421 35749-35750 NNP denotes [
T14422 35750-35752 CD denotes 45
T14423 35752-35753 NNP denotes ]
T14424 35753-35754 , denotes ,
T14425 35755-35756 NNP denotes [
T14426 35756-35758 CD denotes 46
T14427 35758-35759 NNP denotes ]
T14428 35759-35760 . denotes .
T14429 35761-35764 DT denotes The
T14430 35765-35770 JJ denotes NF-κB
T14431 35771-35778 NN denotes pathway
T14432 35779-35788 VBZ denotes regulates
T14433 35789-35794 NNS denotes genes
T14434 35795-35806 JJ denotes responsible
T14435 35807-35810 IN denotes for
T14436 35811-35817 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T14437 35818-35821 CC denotes and
T14438 35822-35827 NNP denotes TNF-α
T14439 35828-35838 NN denotes expression
T14440 35838-35839 . denotes .
T14441 35840-35845 JJ denotes NF-κB
T14442 35846-35856 NN denotes activation
T14443 35857-35859 VBZ denotes is
T14444 35860-35870 VBN denotes associated
T14445 35871-35875 IN denotes with
T14446 35876-35879 DT denotes the
T14447 35880-35891 NN denotes degradation
T14448 35892-35894 IN denotes of
T14449 35895-35898 DT denotes the
T14450 35899-35908 NN denotes inhibitor
T14451 35909-35916 NN denotes protein
T14452 35917-35920 NNP denotes IκB
T14453 35921-35922 NNP denotes [
T14454 35922-35924 CD denotes 47
T14455 35924-35925 NNP denotes ]
T14456 35925-35926 . denotes .
T14457 35927-35933 RB denotes Indeed
T14458 35933-35934 , denotes ,
T14459 35935-35939 NNP denotes dCGN
T14460 35940-35947 VBD denotes induced
T14461 35948-35953 NNP denotes NF-κB
T14462 35954-35964 NN denotes activation
T14463 35965-35967 IN denotes as
T14464 35968-35973 VBN denotes shown
T14465 35974-35976 IN denotes by
T14466 35977-35988 NN denotes degradation
T14467 35989-35991 IN denotes of
T14468 35992-35996 NNP denotes IκBα
T14469 35996-35997 , denotes ,
T14470 35998-36011 NN denotes translocation
T14471 36012-36014 IN denotes of
T14472 36015-36018 CD denotes p65
T14473 36019-36022 CC denotes and
T14474 36023-36026 CD denotes p50
T14475 36027-36036 NNS denotes sub-units
T14476 36037-36039 TO denotes to
T14477 36040-36043 DT denotes the
T14478 36044-36051 NN denotes nucleus
T14479 36052-36055 CC denotes and
T14480 36056-36058 IN denotes by
T14481 36059-36069 NN denotes activation
T14482 36070-36072 IN denotes of
T14483 36073-36075 DT denotes an
T14484 36076-36092 JJ denotes NF-κB-responsive
T14485 36093-36103 NN denotes luciferase
T14486 36104-36112 NN denotes reporter
T14487 36113-36120 NN denotes plasmid
T14488 36120-36121 . denotes .
T14489 36122-36127 RB denotes Again
T14490 36127-36128 , denotes ,
T14491 36129-36130 DT denotes a
T14492 36131-36139 JJR denotes stronger
T14493 36140-36150 NN denotes activation
T14494 36151-36153 IN denotes of
T14495 36154-36159 NN denotes NF-κB
T14496 36160-36163 VBD denotes was
T14497 36164-36171 VBN denotes induced
T14498 36172-36174 IN denotes by
T14499 36175-36178 DT denotes the
T14500 36179-36181 CD denotes 40
T14501 36182-36185 NNP denotes kDa
T14502 36186-36190 NNP denotes dCGN
T14503 36191-36199 VBD denotes compared
T14504 36200-36202 TO denotes to
T14505 36203-36205 CD denotes 10
T14506 36206-36209 NNP denotes kDa
T14507 36210-36214 NNP denotes dCGN
T14508 36214-36215 , denotes ,
T14509 36216-36226 VBG denotes suggesting
T14510 36227-36231 IN denotes that
T14511 36232-36235 DT denotes the
T14512 36236-36245 RB denotes partially
T14513 36246-36254 JJ denotes degraded
T14514 36255-36258 NNP denotes CGN
T14515 36259-36261 VBZ denotes is
T14516 36262-36266 RBR denotes more
T14517 36267-36279 RB denotes biologically
T14518 36280-36286 JJ denotes active
T14519 36286-36287 . denotes .
T14520 36288-36291 PRP$ denotes Our
T14521 36292-36296 NNS denotes data
T14522 36297-36300 VBP denotes are
T14523 36301-36303 IN denotes in
T14524 36304-36313 NN denotes agreement
T14525 36314-36318 IN denotes with
T14526 36319-36320 DT denotes a
T14527 36321-36329 JJ denotes previous
T14528 36330-36335 NN denotes study
T14529 36336-36343 VBG denotes showing
T14530 36344-36348 IN denotes that
T14531 36349-36355 JJ denotes native
T14532 36356-36359 NNP denotes CGN
T14533 36360-36364 RB denotes also
T14534 36365-36372 VBD denotes induced
T14535 36373-36383 NN denotes activation
T14536 36384-36386 IN denotes of
T14537 36387-36392 NN denotes NF-κB
T14538 36393-36395 IN denotes in
T14539 36396-36401 JJ denotes human
T14540 36402-36409 JJ denotes colonic
T14541 36410-36420 JJ denotes epithelial
T14542 36421-36426 NNS denotes cells
T14543 36427-36428 NNP denotes [
T14544 36428-36430 CD denotes 48
T14545 36430-36431 NNP denotes ]
T14546 36431-36432 . denotes .
T14547 36433-36438 JJ denotes NF-κB
T14548 36439-36446 NN denotes pathway
T14549 36447-36449 VBZ denotes is
T14550 36450-36455 RB denotes often
T14551 36456-36466 VBN denotes associated
T14552 36467-36469 TO denotes to
T14553 36470-36477 VB denotes promote
T14554 36478-36482 NN denotes cell
T14555 36483-36491 NN denotes survival
T14556 36492-36495 CC denotes and
T14557 36496-36502 NN denotes cancer
T14558 36503-36507 NN denotes cell
T14559 36508-36514 NN denotes growth
T14560 36514-36515 , denotes ,
T14561 36516-36523 RB denotes however
T14562 36524-36526 PRP denotes it
T14563 36527-36530 VBZ denotes has
T14564 36531-36535 VBN denotes been
T14565 36536-36545 RB denotes sometimes
T14566 36546-36554 VBN denotes reported
T14567 36555-36557 TO denotes to
T14568 36558-36564 VB denotes behave
T14569 36565-36567 IN denotes as
T14570 36568-36569 DT denotes a
T14571 36570-36575 NN denotes tumor
T14572 36576-36586 NN denotes suppressor
T14573 36586-36587 , denotes ,
T14574 36588-36597 VBG denotes arresting
T14575 36598-36602 NN denotes cell
T14576 36603-36616 NN denotes proliferation
T14577 36617-36618 NNP denotes [
T14578 36618-36620 CD denotes 49
T14579 36620-36621 NNP denotes ]
T14580 36621-36622 . denotes .
T14581 36623-36627 JJ denotes Such
T14582 36628-36640 NN denotes relationship
T14583 36641-36648 IN denotes between
T14584 36649-36654 NNP denotes NF-kB
T14585 36655-36665 NN denotes activation
T14586 36666-36669 CC denotes and
T14587 36670-36674 NN denotes cell
T14588 36675-36680 NN denotes cycle
T14589 36681-36691 NN denotes regulation
T14590 36692-36695 VBZ denotes has
T14591 36696-36700 VBN denotes been
T14592 36701-36709 VBN denotes reported
T14593 36710-36712 IN denotes in
T14594 36713-36719 JJ denotes normal
T14595 36720-36725 JJ denotes human
T14596 36726-36735 JJ denotes epidermal
T14597 36736-36741 NNS denotes cells
T14598 36742-36743 NNP denotes [
T14599 36743-36745 CD denotes 50
T14600 36745-36746 NNP denotes ]
T14601 36746-36747 . denotes .
T14602 36748-36754 RB denotes Indeed
T14603 36754-36755 , denotes ,
T14604 36756-36758 PRP denotes it
T14605 36759-36762 VBZ denotes has
T14606 36763-36767 VBN denotes been
T14607 36768-36773 VBN denotes shown
T14608 36774-36778 IN denotes that
T14609 36779-36784 JJ denotes NF-κB
T14610 36785-36795 NN denotes activation
T14611 36796-36806 VBN denotes suppressed
T14612 36807-36811 CD denotes cdk4
T14613 36812-36822 NN denotes expression
T14614 36822-36823 , denotes ,
T14615 36824-36829 WDT denotes which
T14616 36830-36832 VBZ denotes is
T14617 36833-36842 JJ denotes necessary
T14618 36843-36846 IN denotes for
T14619 36847-36850 DT denotes the
T14620 36851-36861 NN denotes transition
T14621 36862-36864 TO denotes to
T14622 36865-36866 NNP denotes S
T14623 36867-36872 NN denotes phase
T14624 36872-36873 . denotes .
T14625 36874-36881 RB denotes Finally
T14626 36881-36882 , denotes ,
T14627 36883-36888 JJ denotes NF-κB
T14628 36889-36899 NN denotes activation
T14629 36900-36903 VBD denotes was
T14630 36904-36912 VBN denotes reported
T14631 36913-36915 TO denotes to
T14632 36916-36922 VB denotes induce
T14633 36923-36929 NN denotes growth
T14634 36930-36936 NN denotes arrest
T14635 36937-36939 IN denotes in
T14636 36940-36946 JJ denotes normal
T14637 36947-36952 JJ denotes human
T14638 36953-36966 NNS denotes keratinocytes
T14639 36967-36969 IN denotes by
T14640 36970-36971 DT denotes a
T14641 36972-36981 NNS denotes mechanims
T14642 36982-36991 VBG denotes involving
T14643 36992-36995 DT denotes the
T14644 36996-36999 NN denotes cdk
T14645 37000-37009 NN denotes inhibitor
T14646 37010-37013 CD denotes p21
T14647 37014-37015 NNP denotes [
T14648 37015-37017 CD denotes 51
T14649 37017-37018 NNP denotes ]
T14650 37018-37019 . denotes .
T14651 37020-37023 DT denotes The
T14652 37024-37031 NNS denotes effects
T14653 37032-37034 IN denotes of
T14654 37035-37039 NNP denotes dCGN
T14655 37040-37042 IN denotes on
T14656 37043-37046 CD denotes p21
T14657 37047-37050 CC denotes and
T14658 37051-37055 CD denotes cdk4
T14659 37056-37066 NN denotes expression
T14660 37067-37073 VBP denotes remain
T14661 37074-37076 TO denotes to
T14662 37077-37079 VB denotes be
T14663 37080-37087 VBN denotes studied
T14664 37087-37088 . denotes .
T14665 37089-37091 IN denotes In
T14666 37092-37097 DT denotes these
T14667 37098-37105 NNS denotes studies
T14668 37105-37106 , denotes ,
T14669 37107-37109 PRP denotes we
T14670 37110-37114 VBP denotes have
T14671 37115-37127 VBN denotes demonstrated
T14672 37128-37129 DT denotes a
T14673 37130-37136 JJ denotes direct
T14674 37137-37143 NN denotes action
T14675 37144-37146 IN denotes of
T14676 37147-37151 NNP denotes dCGN
T14677 37152-37154 IN denotes on
T14678 37155-37164 NNS denotes monocytes
T14679 37164-37165 . denotes .
T14680 37166-37175 NNS denotes Monocytes
T14681 37176-37183 VBN denotes exposed
T14682 37184-37186 TO denotes to
T14683 37187-37191 NNP denotes dCGN
T14684 37192-37200 VBD denotes acquired
T14685 37201-37203 DT denotes an
T14686 37204-37216 JJ denotes inflammatory
T14687 37217-37226 NN denotes phenotype
T14688 37227-37231 WDT denotes that
T14689 37232-37240 VBD denotes included
T14690 37241-37247 JJR denotes higher
T14691 37248-37258 NN denotes expression
T14692 37259-37261 IN denotes of
T14693 37262-37265 DT denotes the
T14694 37266-37274 NN denotes adhesion
T14695 37275-37283 NN denotes molecule
T14696 37284-37290 NN denotes ICAM-1
T14697 37291-37294 CC denotes and
T14698 37295-37300 JJ denotes TNF-α
T14699 37301-37311 NN denotes production
T14700 37311-37312 , denotes ,
T14701 37313-37316 IN denotes via
T14702 37317-37320 DT denotes the
T14703 37321-37326 NNP denotes NF-κB
T14704 37327-37334 NN denotes pathway
T14705 37334-37335 . denotes .
T14706 37336-37340 DT denotes This
T14707 37341-37347 JJR denotes higher
T14708 37348-37358 NN denotes expression
T14709 37359-37361 IN denotes of
T14710 37362-37368 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T14711 37369-37377 VBD denotes resulted
T14712 37378-37380 IN denotes in
T14713 37381-37390 NN denotes formation
T14714 37391-37393 IN denotes of
T14715 37394-37398 NN denotes cell
T14716 37399-37409 NNS denotes aggregates
T14717 37410-37417 JJ denotes similar
T14718 37418-37420 TO denotes to
T14719 37421-37426 DT denotes those
T14720 37427-37435 VBN denotes observed
T14721 37436-37438 IN denotes in
T14722 37439-37447 NNS denotes patients
T14723 37448-37452 IN denotes with
T14724 37453-37458 NNP denotes Crohn
T14725 37458-37460 POS denotes 's
T14726 37461-37468 NN denotes disease
T14727 37468-37469 . denotes .
T14728 37470-37472 PRP denotes We
T14729 37473-37480 VBP denotes presume
T14730 37481-37485 IN denotes that
T14731 37486-37489 DT denotes the
T14732 37490-37502 JJ denotes differential
T14733 37503-37510 NNS denotes effects
T14734 37511-37513 IN denotes of
T14735 37514-37516 CD denotes 10
T14736 37517-37520 CC denotes and
T14737 37521-37523 CD denotes 40
T14738 37524-37527 NNP denotes kDa
T14739 37528-37532 NNP denotes dCGN
T14740 37533-37535 TO denotes to
T14741 37536-37542 VB denotes induce
T14742 37543-37548 DT denotes these
T14743 37549-37556 NNS denotes effects
T14744 37557-37559 IN denotes on
T14745 37560-37569 NNS denotes monocytes
T14746 37570-37573 VBP denotes are
T14747 37574-37581 RB denotes tightly
T14748 37582-37588 VBN denotes linked
T14749 37589-37591 TO denotes to
T14750 37592-37597 PRP$ denotes their
T14751 37598-37606 NN denotes capacity
T14752 37607-37609 TO denotes to
T14753 37610-37616 VB denotes induce
T14754 37617-37629 NN denotes inflammation
T14755 37630-37632 IN denotes in
T14756 37633-37637 NN denotes vivo
T14757 37637-37638 . denotes .
T14758 37639-37646 RB denotes However
T14759 37646-37647 , denotes ,
T14760 37648-37650 IN denotes in
T14761 37651-37655 NN denotes vivo
T14762 37655-37656 , denotes ,
T14763 37657-37668 NNS denotes macrophages
T14764 37669-37671 VBP denotes do
T14765 37672-37675 RB denotes not
T14766 37676-37680 VBN denotes come
T14767 37681-37683 IN denotes in
T14768 37684-37690 JJ denotes direct
T14769 37691-37698 NN denotes contact
T14770 37699-37703 IN denotes with
T14771 37704-37707 DT denotes the
T14772 37708-37718 JJ denotes intestinal
T14773 37719-37724 NNS denotes lumen
T14774 37725-37728 CC denotes and
T14775 37729-37732 VBP denotes are
T14776 37733-37742 VBN denotes separated
T14777 37743-37745 IN denotes by
T14778 37746-37749 DT denotes the
T14779 37750-37760 JJ denotes epithelial
T14780 37761-37768 NN denotes barrier
T14781 37768-37769 . denotes .
T14782 37770-37773 DT denotes The
T14783 37774-37777 NN denotes way
T14784 37778-37780 IN denotes by
T14785 37781-37786 WDT denotes which
T14786 37787-37791 NNP denotes dCGN
T14787 37792-37795 MD denotes may
T14788 37796-37801 VB denotes leave
T14789 37802-37805 DT denotes the
T14790 37806-37816 JJ denotes intestinal
T14791 37817-37822 NNS denotes lumen
T14792 37823-37826 CC denotes and
T14793 37827-37832 VB denotes cross
T14794 37833-37836 DT denotes the
T14795 37837-37847 JJ denotes epithelial
T14796 37848-37855 NN denotes barrier
T14797 37856-37858 TO denotes to
T14798 37859-37864 VB denotes reach
T14799 37865-37868 DT denotes the
T14800 37869-37880 NNS denotes macrophages
T14801 37881-37883 VBZ denotes is
T14802 37884-37886 DT denotes an
T14803 37887-37897 JJ denotes intriguing
T14804 37898-37902 JJ denotes open
T14805 37903-37911 NN denotes question
T14806 37911-37912 . denotes .
T14807 37913-37916 CD denotes One
T14808 37917-37925 JJ denotes possible
T14809 37926-37937 NN denotes explanation
T14810 37938-37945 VBZ denotes resides
T14811 37946-37948 IN denotes in
T14812 37949-37952 DT denotes the
T14813 37953-37962 NN denotes potential
T14814 37963-37965 IN denotes of
T14815 37966-37970 NNP denotes dCGN
T14816 37971-37973 TO denotes to
T14817 37975-37981 VB denotes induce
T14818 37983-37991 JJ denotes cellular
T14819 37992-37995 CC denotes and
T14820 37996-38008 JJ denotes paracellular
T14821 38009-38018 JJ denotes injurious
T14822 38019-38026 NNS denotes effects
T14823 38027-38029 IN denotes at
T14824 38030-38033 DT denotes the
T14825 38034-38044 JJ denotes intestinal
T14826 38045-38055 JJ denotes epithelial
T14827 38056-38060 NN denotes cell
T14828 38061-38070 NN denotes monolayer
T14829 38071-38072 NNP denotes [
T14830 38072-38074 CD denotes 48
T14831 38074-38075 NNP denotes ]
T14832 38075-38076 . denotes .
T14833 38077-38079 IN denotes In
T14834 38080-38090 NN denotes conclusion
T14835 38090-38091 , denotes ,
T14836 38092-38096 NNP denotes dCGN
T14837 38097-38106 VBD denotes inhibited
T14838 38107-38112 CD denotes THP-1
T14839 38113-38117 NN denotes cell
T14840 38118-38131 NN denotes proliferation
T14841 38132-38134 IN denotes in
T14842 38135-38140 NN denotes vitro
T14843 38140-38141 , denotes ,
T14844 38142-38154 VBG denotes accumulating
T14845 38155-38158 DT denotes the
T14846 38159-38164 NNS denotes cells
T14847 38165-38167 IN denotes in
T14848 38168-38171 DT denotes the
T14849 38172-38174 NNP denotes G1
T14850 38175-38180 NN denotes phase
T14851 38181-38183 IN denotes of
T14852 38184-38187 DT denotes the
T14853 38188-38192 NN denotes cell
T14854 38193-38198 NN denotes cycle
T14855 38198-38199 , denotes ,
T14856 38200-38209 VBD denotes increased
T14857 38210-38216 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T14858 38217-38227 NN denotes expression
T14859 38227-38228 , denotes ,
T14860 38229-38239 VBN denotes stimulated
T14861 38240-38256 JJ denotes ICAM-1-dependent
T14862 38257-38265 NN denotes monocyte
T14863 38266-38277 NN denotes aggregation
T14864 38278-38280 IN denotes in
T14865 38281-38286 NN denotes vitro
T14866 38286-38287 , denotes ,
T14867 38288-38291 CC denotes and
T14868 38292-38302 VBD denotes stimulated
T14869 38303-38308 NNP denotes TNF-α
T14870 38309-38319 NN denotes expression
T14871 38320-38323 CC denotes and
T14872 38324-38333 NN denotes secretion
T14873 38333-38334 . denotes .
T14874 38335-38340 DT denotes These
T14875 38341-38350 NNS denotes responses
T14876 38351-38355 VBD denotes were
T14877 38356-38360 RBR denotes more
T14878 38361-38371 JJ denotes pronounced
T14879 38372-38381 VBG denotes following
T14880 38382-38384 CD denotes 40
T14881 38385-38388 NNP denotes kDa
T14882 38389-38393 NNP denotes dCGN
T14883 38393-38394 , denotes ,
T14884 38395-38398 CC denotes and
T14885 38399-38403 VBD denotes were
T14886 38404-38407 DT denotes all
T14887 38408-38414 VBN denotes linked
T14888 38415-38417 TO denotes to
T14889 38418-38423 NNP denotes NF-κB
T14890 38424-38434 NN denotes activation
T14891 38434-38435 . denotes .
T14892 38436-38441 DT denotes These
T14893 38442-38449 NNS denotes results
T14894 38450-38457 VBP denotes suggest
T14895 38458-38462 IN denotes that
T14896 38462-38463 , denotes ,
T14897 38464-38472 IN denotes although
T14898 38473-38476 NNP denotes CGN
T14899 38477-38479 VBZ denotes is
T14900 38480-38486 RB denotes widely
T14901 38487-38491 VBN denotes used
T14902 38492-38494 IN denotes as
T14903 38495-38496 DT denotes a
T14904 38497-38501 NN denotes food
T14905 38502-38510 JJ denotes additive
T14906 38510-38511 , denotes ,
T14907 38512-38515 PRP$ denotes its
T14908 38516-38524 JJ denotes degraded
T14909 38525-38530 NNS denotes forms
T14910 38531-38535 VBP denotes have
T14911 38536-38538 DT denotes an
T14912 38539-38548 JJ denotes important
T14913 38549-38555 NN denotes effect
T14914 38556-38558 IN denotes on
T14915 38559-38568 NNS denotes monocytes
T14916 38569-38583 JJ denotes characteristic
T14917 38584-38586 IN denotes of
T14918 38587-38589 DT denotes an
T14919 38590-38602 JJ denotes inflammatory
T14920 38603-38612 NN denotes phenotype
T14921 38612-38613 . denotes .
T15673 17231-17239 JJ denotes Degraded
T15674 17240-17243 NNP denotes CGN
T15675 17244-17251 VBD denotes induced
T15676 17252-17257 NN denotes colon
T15677 17258-17270 NN denotes inflammation
T15678 17271-17273 IN denotes in
T15679 17274-17278 NNS denotes rats
T15680 17278-17279 . denotes .
T15681 17280-17290 NNP denotes Histograms
T15682 17291-17298 VBG denotes showing
T15683 17299-17302 DT denotes the
T15684 17303-17309 NN denotes effect
T15685 17310-17312 IN denotes of
T15686 17313-17321 JJ denotes degraded
T15687 17322-17325 NNP denotes CGN
T15688 17326-17328 IN denotes on
T15689 17328-17329 : denotes :
T15690 17330-17335 NN denotes colon
T15691 17336-17342 NN denotes length
T15692 17343-17344 -LRB- denotes (
T15693 17344-17345 NNP denotes A
T15694 17345-17346 -RRB- denotes )
T15695 17346-17347 : denotes ;
T15696 17348-17359 JJ denotes macroscopic
T15697 17360-17361 -LRB- denotes (
T15698 17361-17362 NNP denotes B
T15699 17362-17363 -RRB- denotes )
T15700 17364-17367 CC denotes and
T15701 17368-17380 JJ denotes histological
T15702 17381-17382 -LRB- denotes (
T15703 17382-17383 NNP denotes C
T15704 17383-17384 -RRB- denotes )
T15705 17385-17397 NN denotes inflammation
T15706 17398-17403 NN denotes score
T15707 17404-17406 IN denotes of
T15708 17407-17412 NN denotes colon
T15709 17412-17413 : denotes ;
T15710 17414-17429 NNP denotes Myeloperoxidase
T15711 17430-17431 -LRB- denotes (
T15712 17431-17434 NNP denotes MPO
T15713 17434-17435 -RRB- denotes )
T15714 17436-17444 NN denotes activity
T15715 17445-17446 -LRB- denotes (
T15716 17446-17447 NNP denotes D
T15717 17447-17448 -RRB- denotes )
T15718 17448-17449 . denotes .
T15719 17450-17457 NNP denotes Control
T15720 17458-17462 NNS denotes rats
T15721 17463-17464 -LRB- denotes (
T15722 17464-17469 JJ denotes white
T15723 17470-17474 NNS denotes bars
T15724 17474-17475 -RRB- denotes )
T15725 17475-17476 : denotes ;
T15726 17477-17479 CD denotes 10
T15727 17480-17483 NN denotes kDa
T15728 17484-17492 JJ denotes degraded
T15729 17493-17504 JJ denotes CGN-treated
T15730 17505-17509 NNS denotes rats
T15731 17510-17511 -LRB- denotes (
T15732 17511-17515 NN denotes grey
T15733 17516-17520 NNS denotes bars
T15734 17520-17521 -RRB- denotes )
T15735 17521-17522 : denotes ;
T15736 17523-17525 CD denotes 40
T15737 17526-17529 NN denotes kDa
T15738 17530-17538 JJ denotes degraded
T15739 17539-17550 JJ denotes CGN-treated
T15740 17551-17555 NNS denotes rats
T15741 17556-17557 -LRB- denotes (
T15742 17557-17562 JJ denotes black
T15743 17563-17567 NNS denotes bars
T15744 17567-17568 -RRB- denotes )
T15745 17568-17569 . denotes .
T15746 17570-17571 SYM denotes *
T15747 17572-17573 NN denotes p
T15748 17573-17574 NN denotes <
T15749 17574-17578 CD denotes 0.05
T15750 17579-17583 IN denotes from
T15751 17584-17591 NN denotes control
T15752 17591-17592 . denotes .
T15753 17593-17595 SYM denotes **
T15754 17596-17597 FW denotes p
T15755 17597-17598 FW denotes <
T15756 17598-17602 CD denotes 0.01
T15757 17603-17607 IN denotes from
T15758 17608-17615 NN denotes control
T15759 17615-17616 . denotes .
T15760 17617-17629 JJ denotes Histological
T15761 17630-17638 NN denotes analysis
T15762 17639-17641 IN denotes of
T15763 17642-17647 NN denotes colon
T15764 17648-17652 IN denotes from
T15765 17653-17660 NN denotes control
T15766 17661-17665 NNS denotes rats
T15767 17666-17667 -LRB- denotes (
T15768 17667-17668 NNP denotes E
T15769 17668-17669 -RRB- denotes )
T15770 17669-17670 , denotes ,
T15771 17671-17674 CC denotes and
T15772 17675-17679 IN denotes from
T15773 17680-17682 CD denotes 40
T15774 17683-17686 NNP denotes kDa
T15775 17687-17699 NNP denotes dCGN-treated
T15776 17700-17704 NNS denotes rats
T15777 17705-17706 -LRB- denotes (
T15778 17706-17707 NN denotes F
T15779 17707-17708 -RRB- denotes )
T15780 17708-17709 . denotes .
T16060 19514-19522 JJ denotes Degraded
T16061 19523-19526 NNP denotes CGN
T16062 19527-19537 VBD denotes stimulated
T16063 19538-19541 NNP denotes TNF
T16064 19542-19551 NN denotes secretion
T16065 19552-19556 IN denotes from
T16066 19557-19566 NNS denotes monocytes
T16067 19566-19567 . denotes .
T16068 19568-19574 NNS denotes Levels
T16069 19575-19577 IN denotes of
T16070 19578-19581 NNP denotes TNF
T16071 19582-19590 VBN denotes released
T16072 19591-19595 IN denotes from
T16073 19596-19606 JJ denotes peripheral
T16074 19607-19612 NN denotes blood
T16075 19613-19622 NNS denotes monocytes
T16076 19623-19624 -LRB- denotes (
T16077 19624-19625 DT denotes A
T16078 19626-19627 NNP denotes B
T16079 19627-19628 -RRB- denotes )
T16080 19629-19632 CC denotes and
T16081 19633-19638 CD denotes THP-1
T16082 19639-19644 NNS denotes cells
T16083 19645-19646 -LRB- denotes (
T16084 19646-19647 $ denotes C
T16085 19648-19649 NNP denotes D
T16086 19649-19650 -RRB- denotes )
T16087 19651-19656 IN denotes after
T16088 19657-19668 NN denotes stimulation
T16089 19669-19673 IN denotes with
T16090 19674-19678 NNP denotes dCGN
T16091 19678-19679 . denotes .
T16092 19680-19681 DT denotes A
T16093 19681-19682 : denotes :
T16094 19683-19686 NNP denotes TNF
T16095 19687-19694 NN denotes release
T16096 19695-19702 VBN denotes induced
T16097 19703-19705 IN denotes by
T16098 19706-19712 JJ denotes native
T16099 19713-19716 NNP denotes CGN
T16100 19717-19718 -LRB- denotes (
T16101 19718-19722 JJ denotes open
T16102 19723-19727 NNS denotes bars
T16103 19727-19728 -RRB- denotes )
T16104 19728-19729 , denotes ,
T16105 19730-19732 CD denotes 10
T16106 19733-19736 NNP denotes kDa
T16107 19737-19741 NNP denotes dCGN
T16108 19742-19743 -LRB- denotes (
T16109 19743-19747 NN denotes grey
T16110 19748-19752 NNS denotes bars
T16111 19752-19753 -RRB- denotes )
T16112 19753-19754 , denotes ,
T16113 19755-19757 CC denotes or
T16114 19758-19760 CD denotes 40
T16115 19761-19764 NNP denotes kDa
T16116 19765-19769 NNP denotes dCGN
T16117 19770-19771 -LRB- denotes (
T16118 19771-19776 JJ denotes black
T16119 19777-19781 NNS denotes bars
T16120 19781-19782 -RRB- denotes )
T16121 19782-19783 . denotes .
T16122 19784-19785 NNP denotes B
T16123 19785-19786 : denotes :
T16124 19787-19795 NNS denotes Kinetics
T16125 19796-19798 IN denotes of
T16126 19799-19802 NNP denotes TNF
T16127 19803-19810 NN denotes release
T16128 19811-19818 VBN denotes induced
T16129 19819-19821 IN denotes by
T16130 19822-19829 NN denotes nothing
T16131 19830-19831 -LRB- denotes (
T16132 19831-19838 NN denotes control
T16133 19838-19839 : denotes ;
T16134 19840-19845 JJ denotes black
T16135 19846-19854 NNS denotes diamonds
T16136 19854-19855 -RRB- denotes )
T16137 19855-19856 , denotes ,
T16138 19857-19860 CD denotes 0.1
T16139 19861-19866 NN denotes mg/ml
T16140 19867-19869 CD denotes 10
T16141 19870-19873 NNP denotes kDa
T16142 19874-19878 NNP denotes dCGN
T16143 19879-19880 -LRB- denotes (
T16144 19880-19885 JJ denotes black
T16145 19886-19895 NNS denotes triangles
T16146 19895-19896 -RRB- denotes )
T16147 19896-19897 , denotes ,
T16148 19898-19901 CD denotes 0.1
T16149 19902-19907 NN denotes mg/ml
T16150 19908-19910 CD denotes 40
T16151 19911-19914 NNP denotes kDa
T16152 19915-19919 NNP denotes dCGN
T16153 19920-19921 -LRB- denotes (
T16154 19921-19926 JJ denotes black
T16155 19927-19934 NNS denotes squares
T16156 19934-19935 -RRB- denotes )
T16157 19935-19936 , denotes ,
T16158 19937-19939 CC denotes or
T16159 19940-19942 CD denotes 10
T16160 19943-19945 NN denotes µg
T16161 19945-19946 NN denotes /
T16162 19946-19948 NN denotes ml
T16163 19949-19952 NNP denotes LPS
T16164 19953-19954 -LRB- denotes (
T16165 19954-19958 JJ denotes open
T16166 19959-19966 NNS denotes squares
T16167 19966-19967 -RRB- denotes )
T16168 19967-19968 . denotes .
T16169 19969-19970 NNP denotes C
T16170 19970-19971 : denotes :
T16171 19972-19975 NNP denotes TNF
T16172 19976-19983 NN denotes release
T16173 19984-19991 VBN denotes induced
T16174 19992-19994 IN denotes by
T16175 19995-20002 NN denotes nothing
T16176 20003-20004 -LRB- denotes (
T16177 20004-20011 NN denotes control
T16178 20011-20012 : denotes ;
T16179 20013-20017 JJ denotes open
T16180 20018-20022 NNS denotes bars
T16181 20022-20023 -RRB- denotes )
T16182 20023-20024 , denotes ,
T16183 20025-20027 CD denotes 10
T16184 20028-20030 NN denotes µg
T16185 20030-20031 NN denotes /
T16186 20031-20033 NN denotes ml
T16187 20034-20037 NNP denotes LPS
T16188 20038-20039 -LRB- denotes (
T16189 20039-20046 VBN denotes hatched
T16190 20047-20051 NNS denotes bars
T16191 20051-20052 -RRB- denotes )
T16192 20052-20053 , denotes ,
T16193 20054-20056 CC denotes or
T16194 20057-20067 VBG denotes increasing
T16195 20068-20082 NNS denotes concentrations
T16196 20083-20085 IN denotes of
T16197 20086-20088 CD denotes 10
T16198 20089-20092 NNP denotes kDa
T16199 20093-20097 NNP denotes dCGN
T16200 20098-20099 -LRB- denotes (
T16201 20099-20103 NN denotes grey
T16202 20104-20108 NNS denotes bars
T16203 20108-20109 -RRB- denotes )
T16204 20109-20110 , denotes ,
T16205 20111-20113 CC denotes or
T16206 20114-20116 CD denotes 40
T16207 20117-20120 NNP denotes kDa
T16208 20121-20125 NNP denotes dCGN
T16209 20126-20127 -LRB- denotes (
T16210 20127-20132 JJ denotes black
T16211 20133-20137 NNS denotes bars
T16212 20137-20138 -RRB- denotes )
T16213 20138-20139 . denotes .
T16214 20140-20141 NNP denotes D
T16215 20141-20142 : denotes :
T16216 20143-20151 NNS denotes Kinetics
T16217 20152-20154 IN denotes of
T16218 20155-20158 NNP denotes TNF
T16219 20159-20166 NN denotes release
T16220 20167-20174 VBN denotes induced
T16221 20175-20177 IN denotes by
T16222 20178-20185 NN denotes nothing
T16223 20186-20187 -LRB- denotes (
T16224 20187-20194 NN denotes control
T16225 20194-20195 : denotes ;
T16226 20196-20201 JJ denotes black
T16227 20202-20210 NNS denotes diamonds
T16228 20210-20211 -RRB- denotes )
T16229 20211-20212 , denotes ,
T16230 20213-20216 CD denotes 0.1
T16231 20217-20222 NN denotes mg/ml
T16232 20223-20225 CD denotes 10
T16233 20226-20229 NNP denotes kDa
T16234 20230-20234 NNP denotes dCGN
T16235 20235-20236 -LRB- denotes (
T16236 20236-20241 JJ denotes black
T16237 20242-20251 NNS denotes triangles
T16238 20251-20252 -RRB- denotes )
T16239 20252-20253 , denotes ,
T16240 20254-20257 CD denotes 0.1
T16241 20258-20263 NN denotes mg/ml
T16242 20264-20266 CD denotes 40
T16243 20267-20270 NNP denotes kDa
T16244 20271-20275 NNP denotes dCGN
T16245 20276-20277 -LRB- denotes (
T16246 20277-20282 JJ denotes black
T16247 20283-20290 NNS denotes squares
T16248 20290-20291 -RRB- denotes )
T16249 20291-20292 , denotes ,
T16250 20293-20295 CC denotes or
T16251 20296-20298 CD denotes 10
T16252 20299-20301 NN denotes µg
T16253 20301-20302 NN denotes /
T16254 20302-20304 NN denotes ml
T16255 20305-20308 NNP denotes LPS
T16256 20309-20310 -LRB- denotes (
T16257 20310-20314 JJ denotes open
T16258 20315-20322 NNS denotes squares
T16259 20322-20323 -RRB- denotes )
T16260 20323-20324 . denotes .
T16464 21356-21364 JJ denotes Degraded
T16465 21365-21368 NNP denotes CGN
T16466 21369-21376 VBD denotes induced
T16467 21377-21381 CD denotes THP1
T16468 21382-21386 NN denotes cell
T16469 21387-21392 NN denotes cycle
T16470 21393-21399 NN denotes arrest
T16471 21400-21402 IN denotes in
T16472 21403-21405 CD denotes G1
T16473 21406-21411 NN denotes phase
T16474 21411-21412 . denotes .
T16475 21413-21418 CD denotes THP-1
T16476 21419-21424 NNS denotes cells
T16477 21425-21427 IN denotes in
T16478 21428-21439 JJ denotes exponential
T16479 21440-21446 NN denotes growth
T16480 21447-21452 NN denotes phase
T16481 21453-21457 VBD denotes were
T16482 21458-21467 VBN denotes incubated
T16483 21468-21470 IN denotes in
T16484 21471-21474 DT denotes the
T16485 21475-21483 NN denotes presence
T16486 21484-21486 CC denotes or
T16487 21487-21494 NN denotes absence
T16488 21495-21497 IN denotes of
T16489 21498-21509 NN denotes carrageenan
T16490 21510-21513 IN denotes for
T16491 21514-21516 CD denotes 24
T16492 21517-21518 NN denotes h
T16493 21519-21525 IN denotes before
T16494 21526-21531 VBG denotes being
T16495 21532-21539 VBN denotes stained
T16496 21540-21544 IN denotes with
T16497 21545-21554 NN denotes propidium
T16498 21555-21561 NN denotes iodide
T16499 21561-21562 . denotes .
T16500 21563-21567 NNP denotes Cell
T16501 21568-21571 NNP denotes DNA
T16502 21572-21579 NN denotes content
T16503 21580-21583 VBD denotes was
T16504 21584-21588 RB denotes then
T16505 21589-21597 VBN denotes analyzed
T16506 21598-21600 IN denotes by
T16507 21601-21605 NN denotes flow
T16508 21606-21615 NN denotes cytometry
T16509 21615-21616 . denotes .
T16510 21617-21618 DT denotes A
T16511 21618-21619 : denotes :
T16512 21620-21630 NNS denotes Histograms
T16513 21631-21633 IN denotes of
T16514 21634-21639 NNS denotes cells
T16515 21640-21647 VBN denotes treated
T16516 21648-21652 IN denotes with
T16517 21653-21659 NN denotes medium
T16518 21660-21664 RB denotes only
T16519 21665-21666 -LRB- denotes (
T16520 21666-21673 NN denotes control
T16521 21673-21674 -RRB- denotes )
T16522 21674-21675 , denotes ,
T16523 21676-21678 CD denotes 10
T16524 21679-21682 NNP denotes kDa
T16525 21683-21687 NNP denotes dCGN
T16526 21688-21689 -LRB- denotes (
T16527 21689-21692 NNP denotes C10
T16528 21692-21693 -RRB- denotes )
T16529 21693-21694 , denotes ,
T16530 21695-21697 CC denotes or
T16531 21698-21700 CD denotes 40
T16532 21701-21704 NNP denotes kDa
T16533 21705-21709 NNP denotes dCGN
T16534 21710-21711 -LRB- denotes (
T16535 21711-21714 NNP denotes C40
T16536 21714-21715 -RRB- denotes )
T16537 21715-21716 . denotes .
T16538 21717-21718 NNP denotes B
T16539 21718-21719 : denotes :
T16540 21720-21730 NN denotes Percentage
T16541 21731-21733 IN denotes of
T16542 21734-21739 NNS denotes cells
T16543 21740-21742 IN denotes in
T16544 21743-21747 DT denotes each
T16545 21748-21753 NN denotes phase
T16546 21754-21756 IN denotes of
T16547 21757-21760 DT denotes the
T16548 21761-21765 NN denotes cell
T16549 21766-21771 NN denotes cycle
T16550 21772-21776 WRB denotes when
T16551 21777-21784 VBN denotes treated
T16552 21785-21789 IN denotes with
T16553 21790-21796 NN denotes medium
T16554 21797-21801 RB denotes only
T16555 21802-21803 -LRB- denotes (
T16556 21803-21810 NN denotes control
T16557 21810-21811 -RRB- denotes )
T16558 21811-21812 , denotes ,
T16559 21813-21822 JJ denotes different
T16560 21823-21837 NNS denotes concentrations
T16561 21838-21840 IN denotes of
T16562 21841-21843 CD denotes 10
T16563 21844-21847 NNP denotes kDa
T16564 21848-21852 NNP denotes dCGN
T16565 21853-21854 -LRB- denotes (
T16566 21854-21857 NNP denotes C10
T16567 21857-21858 -RRB- denotes )
T16568 21858-21859 , denotes ,
T16569 21860-21862 IN denotes of
T16570 21863-21865 CD denotes 40
T16571 21866-21869 NNP denotes kDa
T16572 21870-21874 NNP denotes dCGN
T16573 21875-21876 -LRB- denotes (
T16574 21876-21879 NNP denotes C40
T16575 21879-21880 -RRB- denotes )
T16576 21880-21881 , denotes ,
T16577 21882-21884 CC denotes or
T16578 21885-21887 IN denotes of
T16579 21888-21894 JJ denotes native
T16580 21895-21898 NNP denotes CGN
T16581 21899-21900 -LRB- denotes (
T16582 21900-21906 NNP denotes Native
T16583 21906-21907 -RRB- denotes )
T16584 21907-21908 . denotes .
T16792 22954-22962 JJ denotes Degraded
T16793 22963-22966 NNP denotes CGN
T16794 22967-22977 VBD denotes stimulated
T16795 22978-22984 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T16796 22985-22995 NN denotes expression
T16797 22996-22998 IN denotes in
T16798 22999-23008 NNS denotes monocytes
T16799 23008-23009 . denotes .
T16800 23010-23020 JJ denotes Peripheral
T16801 23021-23026 NN denotes blood
T16802 23027-23036 NNS denotes monocytes
T16803 23037-23038 -LRB- denotes (
T16804 23038-23041 NNP denotes PBM
T16805 23041-23042 -RRB- denotes )
T16806 23043-23045 CC denotes or
T16807 23046-23051 CD denotes THP-1
T16808 23052-23057 NNS denotes cells
T16809 23058-23062 VBD denotes were
T16810 23063-23072 VBN denotes incubated
T16811 23073-23075 IN denotes in
T16812 23076-23079 DT denotes the
T16813 23080-23088 NN denotes presence
T16814 23089-23091 CC denotes or
T16815 23092-23099 NN denotes absence
T16816 23100-23102 IN denotes of
T16817 23103-23114 NN denotes carrageenan
T16818 23115-23118 IN denotes for
T16819 23119-23121 CD denotes 24
T16820 23122-23123 NN denotes h
T16821 23124-23130 IN denotes before
T16822 23131-23136 VBG denotes being
T16823 23137-23144 VBN denotes stained
T16824 23145-23148 IN denotes for
T16825 23149-23156 JJ denotes various
T16826 23157-23161 NN denotes cell
T16827 23162-23169 NN denotes surface
T16828 23170-23178 NNS denotes antigens
T16829 23178-23179 . denotes .
T16830 23180-23187 NN denotes Antigen
T16831 23188-23198 NN denotes expression
T16832 23199-23202 VBD denotes was
T16833 23203-23207 RB denotes then
T16834 23208-23216 VBN denotes analyzed
T16835 23217-23219 IN denotes by
T16836 23220-23224 NN denotes flow
T16837 23225-23234 NN denotes cytometry
T16838 23234-23235 . denotes .
T16839 23236-23237 DT denotes A
T16840 23237-23238 : denotes :
T16841 23239-23249 NNS denotes Histograms
T16842 23250-23252 IN denotes of
T16843 23253-23259 NN denotes ICAM-1
T16844 23260-23270 NN denotes expression
T16845 23271-23273 IN denotes in
T16846 23274-23279 NNS denotes cells
T16847 23280-23287 VBN denotes treated
T16848 23288-23292 IN denotes with
T16849 23293-23299 NN denotes medium
T16850 23300-23304 RB denotes only
T16851 23305-23306 -LRB- denotes (
T16852 23306-23313 NN denotes control
T16853 23313-23314 -RRB- denotes )
T16854 23314-23315 , denotes ,
T16855 23316-23318 CD denotes 10
T16856 23319-23322 NNP denotes kDa
T16857 23323-23327 NNP denotes dCGN
T16858 23328-23329 -LRB- denotes (
T16859 23329-23332 NNP denotes C10
T16860 23332-23333 -RRB- denotes )
T16861 23333-23334 , denotes ,
T16862 23335-23337 CC denotes or
T16863 23338-23340 CD denotes 40
T16864 23341-23344 NNP denotes kDa
T16865 23345-23349 NNP denotes dCGN
T16866 23350-23351 -LRB- denotes (
T16867 23351-23354 NNP denotes C40
T16868 23354-23355 -RRB- denotes )
T16869 23355-23356 . denotes .
T16870 23357-23358 NNP denotes B
T16871 23358-23359 : denotes :
T16872 23360-23372 NN denotes Fluorescence
T16873 23373-23382 NN denotes intensity
T16874 23383-23386 IN denotes for
T16875 23387-23397 NN denotes expression
T16876 23398-23400 IN denotes of
T16877 23401-23404 DT denotes the
T16878 23405-23413 NNS denotes antigens
T16879 23414-23421 NNP denotes HLA-ABC
T16880 23421-23422 , denotes ,
T16881 23423-23429 NNP denotes HLA-DR
T16882 23429-23430 , denotes ,
T16883 23431-23435 NNP denotes CD14
T16884 23435-23436 , denotes ,
T16885 23437-23443 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T16886 23443-23444 , denotes ,
T16887 23445-23448 CC denotes and
T16888 23449-23453 NNP denotes CD58
T16889 23454-23456 IN denotes in
T16890 23457-23462 NNS denotes cells
T16891 23463-23470 VBN denotes treated
T16892 23471-23475 IN denotes with
T16893 23476-23482 NN denotes medium
T16894 23483-23487 RB denotes only
T16895 23488-23489 -LRB- denotes (
T16896 23489-23496 NN denotes control
T16897 23496-23497 -RRB- denotes )
T16898 23497-23498 , denotes ,
T16899 23499-23501 CD denotes 10
T16900 23502-23505 NNP denotes kDa
T16901 23506-23510 NNP denotes dCGN
T16902 23511-23512 -LRB- denotes (
T16903 23512-23515 NNP denotes C10
T16904 23515-23516 -RRB- denotes )
T16905 23516-23517 , denotes ,
T16906 23518-23520 CC denotes or
T16907 23521-23523 CD denotes 40
T16908 23524-23527 NNP denotes kDa
T16909 23528-23532 NNP denotes dCGN
T16910 23533-23534 -LRB- denotes (
T16911 23534-23537 NNP denotes C40
T16912 23537-23538 -RRB- denotes )
T16913 23538-23539 . denotes .
T16914 23540-23544 NNS denotes Data
T16915 23545-23548 VBP denotes are
T16916 23549-23553 JJ denotes mean
T16917 23554-23555 CD denotes +
T16918 23555-23556 CD denotes /
T16919 23556-23557 NN denotes −
T16920 23558-23561 NNP denotes SEM
T16921 23561-23562 . denotes .
T17122 24473-24481 JJ denotes Degraded
T17123 24482-24485 NNP denotes CGN
T17124 24486-24493 VBD denotes induced
T17125 24494-24503 NNS denotes monocytes
T17126 24504-24515 NN denotes aggregation
T17127 24516-24518 IN denotes in
T17128 24519-24524 NN denotes vitro
T17129 24524-24525 . denotes .
T17130 24526-24535 NNS denotes Monocytes
T17131 24536-24540 VBD denotes were
T17132 24541-24550 VBN denotes incubated
T17133 24551-24553 IN denotes in
T17134 24554-24557 DT denotes the
T17135 24558-24565 NN denotes absence
T17136 24566-24567 -LRB- denotes (
T17137 24567-24568 NNP denotes A
T17138 24568-24569 -RRB- denotes )
T17139 24570-24572 CC denotes or
T17140 24573-24576 DT denotes the
T17141 24577-24585 NN denotes presence
T17142 24586-24588 IN denotes of
T17143 24589-24590 CD denotes 1
T17144 24591-24596 NN denotes mg/ml
T17145 24597-24599 CD denotes 10
T17146 24600-24603 NNP denotes kDa
T17147 24604-24608 NNP denotes dCGN
T17148 24609-24610 -LRB- denotes (
T17149 24610-24611 NNP denotes B
T17150 24611-24612 -RRB- denotes )
T17151 24612-24613 , denotes ,
T17152 24614-24615 CD denotes 1
T17153 24616-24621 NN denotes mg/ml
T17154 24622-24624 CD denotes 40
T17155 24625-24628 NNP denotes kDa
T17156 24629-24633 NNP denotes dCGN
T17157 24634-24635 -LRB- denotes (
T17158 24635-24636 NNP denotes C
T17159 24636-24637 -RRB- denotes )
T17160 24637-24638 , denotes ,
T17161 24639-24641 CC denotes or
T17162 24642-24643 CD denotes 1
T17163 24644-24649 JJ denotes mg/ml
T17164 24650-24652 CD denotes 40
T17165 24653-24656 NNP denotes kDa
T17166 24657-24661 NNP denotes dCGN
T17167 24662-24666 CC denotes plus
T17168 24667-24670 CD denotes 2.5
T17169 24671-24673 NN denotes µg
T17170 24673-24674 NN denotes /
T17171 24674-24676 NN denotes ml
T17172 24677-24688 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T17173 24689-24697 NN denotes antibody
T17174 24698-24699 -LRB- denotes (
T17175 24699-24700 NNP denotes D
T17176 24700-24701 -RRB- denotes )
T17177 24701-24702 . denotes .
T17178 24703-24708 NNS denotes Cells
T17179 24709-24713 VBD denotes were
T17180 24714-24722 VBN denotes observed
T17181 24723-24725 IN denotes by
T17182 24726-24731 NN denotes phase
T17183 24732-24740 NN denotes contrast
T17184 24741-24748 JJ denotes inverse
T17185 24749-24759 NN denotes microscopy
T17186 24760-24762 IN denotes at
T17187 24763-24767 CD denotes 150X
T17188 24768-24781 NN denotes magnification
T17189 24781-24782 . denotes .
T17190 24783-24790 NNS denotes Inserts
T17191 24791-24793 IN denotes in
T17192 24794-24795 DT denotes A
T17193 24796-24799 CC denotes and
T17194 24800-24801 NNP denotes B
T17195 24802-24806 VBP denotes show
T17196 24807-24808 DT denotes a
T17197 24809-24814 NN denotes close
T17198 24815-24817 IN denotes up
T17199 24818-24820 IN denotes of
T17200 24821-24826 NNS denotes cells
T17201 24827-24829 IN denotes at
T17202 24830-24834 NNP denotes 300X
T17203 24835-24848 NN denotes magnification
T17204 24848-24849 . denotes .
T17205 24850-24851 NNP denotes E
T17206 24851-24852 : denotes :
T17207 24853-24859 NN denotes Number
T17208 24860-24862 IN denotes of
T17209 24863-24871 NN denotes monocyte
T17210 24872-24882 NNS denotes aggregates
T17211 24883-24885 IN denotes in
T17212 24886-24888 CD denotes 24
T17213 24889-24894 NNS denotes wells
T17214 24895-24900 NN denotes plate
T17215 24901-24903 IN denotes of
T17216 24904-24907 NNP denotes PBM
T17217 24908-24912 NN denotes cell
T17218 24913-24921 VBN denotes cultured
T17219 24922-24926 IN denotes with
T17220 24927-24934 NN denotes nothing
T17221 24935-24936 -LRB- denotes (
T17222 24936-24943 NN denotes control
T17223 24943-24944 -RRB- denotes )
T17224 24944-24945 , denotes ,
T17225 24946-24950 IN denotes with
T17226 24951-24953 CD denotes 10
T17227 24954-24957 NN denotes kDa
T17228 24958-24966 JJ denotes degraded
T17229 24967-24970 NNP denotes CGN
T17230 24971-24972 -LRB- denotes (
T17231 24972-24975 NNP denotes C10
T17232 24975-24976 -RRB- denotes )
T17233 24976-24977 , denotes ,
T17234 24978-24980 CC denotes or
T17235 24981-24985 IN denotes with
T17236 24986-24988 CD denotes 40
T17237 24989-24992 NN denotes kDa
T17238 24993-25001 JJ denotes degraded
T17239 25002-25005 NNP denotes CGN
T17240 25006-25007 -LRB- denotes (
T17241 25007-25010 NNP denotes C40
T17242 25010-25011 -RRB- denotes )
T17243 25011-25012 . denotes .
T17244 25013-25017 DT denotes Some
T17245 25018-25026 NNS denotes cultures
T17246 25027-25030 VBD denotes had
T17247 25031-25035 RB denotes also
T17248 25036-25039 CD denotes 2.5
T17249 25040-25042 NN denotes µg
T17250 25042-25043 NN denotes /
T17251 25043-25045 NN denotes ml
T17252 25046-25057 JJ denotes anti-ICAM-1
T17253 25058-25066 NN denotes antibody
T17254 25066-25067 . denotes .
T17255 25068-25072 NNS denotes Data
T17256 25073-25076 VBP denotes are
T17257 25077-25081 JJ denotes mean
T17258 25082-25083 CD denotes +
T17259 25083-25084 CD denotes /
T17260 25084-25085 NN denotes −
T17261 25086-25089 NNP denotes SEM
T17262 25089-25090 . denotes .
T17369 25496-25504 JJ denotes Degraded
T17370 25505-25508 NNP denotes CGN
T17371 25509-25519 VBD denotes stimulated
T17372 25520-25526 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T17373 25527-25530 CC denotes and
T17374 25531-25536 NNP denotes TNF-α
T17375 25537-25541 NN denotes gene
T17376 25542-25552 NN denotes expression
T17377 25553-25555 IN denotes in
T17378 25556-25565 NNS denotes monocytes
T17379 25565-25566 . denotes .
T17380 25567-25581 NNP denotes Representative
T17381 25582-25589 NNS denotes samples
T17382 25590-25592 IN denotes of
T17383 25593-25599 NN denotes RT-PCR
T17384 25600-25608 NN denotes analysis
T17385 25609-25616 VBG denotes showing
T17386 25617-25621 IN denotes over
T17387 25622-25632 NN denotes expression
T17388 25633-25635 IN denotes of
T17389 25636-25642 NNP denotes ICAM-1
T17390 25643-25646 CC denotes and
T17391 25647-25652 NNP denotes TNF-α
T17392 25653-25658 IN denotes after
T17393 25659-25670 NN denotes stimulation
T17394 25671-25673 IN denotes of
T17395 25674-25683 NNS denotes monocytes
T17396 25684-25688 IN denotes with
T17397 25689-25690 CD denotes 1
T17398 25691-25694 NN denotes g/l
T17399 25695-25697 IN denotes of
T17400 25698-25706 JJ denotes degraded
T17401 25707-25710 NNP denotes CGN
T17402 25710-25711 . denotes .
T17403 25712-25719 JJ denotes β-actin
T17404 25720-25730 NN denotes expression
T17405 25731-25734 VBD denotes was
T17406 25735-25739 VBN denotes used
T17407 25740-25742 IN denotes as
T17408 25743-25756 NN denotes normalization
T17409 25757-25761 NN denotes gene
T17410 25761-25762 . denotes .
T17838 27987-27995 JJ denotes Degraded
T17839 27996-27999 NNP denotes CGN
T17840 28000-28009 VBD denotes activated
T17841 28010-28013 DT denotes the
T17842 28014-28019 JJ denotes NF-kB
T17843 28020-28027 NN denotes pathway
T17844 28028-28030 IN denotes in
T17845 28031-28040 NNS denotes monocytes
T17846 28040-28041 . denotes .
T17847 28042-28043 DT denotes A
T17848 28043-28044 : denotes :
T17849 28045-28050 CD denotes THP-1
T17850 28051-28056 NNS denotes cells
T17851 28057-28061 VBD denotes were
T17852 28062-28073 VBN denotes transfected
T17853 28074-28078 IN denotes with
T17854 28079-28080 DT denotes a
T17855 28081-28086 JJ denotes NF-κB
T17856 28087-28095 NN denotes reporter
T17857 28096-28103 NN denotes plasmid
T17858 28104-28111 VBG denotes driving
T17859 28112-28122 NN denotes expression
T17860 28123-28125 IN denotes of
T17861 28126-28136 NN denotes luciferase
T17862 28136-28137 . denotes .
T17863 28138-28143 NNS denotes Cells
T17864 28144-28148 VBD denotes were
T17865 28149-28153 RB denotes then
T17866 28154-28161 VBN denotes treated
T17867 28162-28166 IN denotes with
T17868 28167-28174 JJ denotes various
T17869 28175-28189 NNS denotes concentrations
T17870 28190-28192 IN denotes of
T17871 28193-28195 CD denotes 10
T17872 28196-28199 NN denotes kDa
T17873 28200-28201 -LRB- denotes (
T17874 28201-28210 NNS denotes triangles
T17875 28210-28211 -RRB- denotes )
T17876 28211-28212 , denotes ,
T17877 28213-28215 CC denotes or
T17878 28216-28218 CD denotes 40
T17879 28219-28222 NNP denotes kDa
T17880 28223-28227 NNP denotes dCGN
T17881 28228-28229 -LRB- denotes (
T17882 28229-28236 NNS denotes squares
T17883 28236-28237 -RRB- denotes )
T17884 28237-28238 . denotes .
T17885 28239-28240 NN denotes B
T17886 28240-28241 : denotes :
T17887 28242-28247 CD denotes THP-1
T17888 28248-28253 NNS denotes cells
T17889 28254-28261 VBN denotes treated
T17890 28262-28266 IN denotes with
T17891 28267-28268 CD denotes 1
T17892 28269-28274 NN denotes mg/ml
T17893 28275-28277 IN denotes of
T17894 28278-28280 CD denotes 10
T17895 28281-28284 NNP denotes kDa
T17896 28285-28289 NNP denotes dCGN
T17897 28290-28291 -LRB- denotes (
T17898 28291-28294 NNP denotes C10
T17899 28294-28295 -RRB- denotes )
T17900 28295-28296 , denotes ,
T17901 28297-28299 CC denotes or
T17902 28300-28304 IN denotes with
T17903 28305-28306 CD denotes 1
T17904 28307-28312 NN denotes mg/ml
T17905 28313-28315 IN denotes of
T17906 28316-28318 CD denotes 40
T17907 28319-28322 NNP denotes kDa
T17908 28323-28327 NNP denotes dCGN
T17909 28328-28329 -LRB- denotes (
T17910 28329-28332 NNP denotes C40
T17911 28332-28333 -RRB- denotes )
T17912 28334-28338 VBD denotes were
T17913 28339-28344 VBN denotes lysed
T17914 28345-28350 IN denotes after
T17915 28351-28358 JJ denotes various
T17916 28359-28366 NNS denotes periods
T17917 28367-28369 IN denotes of
T17918 28370-28374 NN denotes time
T17919 28374-28375 . denotes .
T17920 28376-28384 NNPS denotes Proteins
T17921 28385-28387 IN denotes in
T17922 28388-28392 NN denotes cell
T17923 28393-28401 NNS denotes extracts
T17924 28402-28406 VBD denotes were
T17925 28407-28415 VBN denotes resolved
T17926 28416-28418 IN denotes by
T17927 28419-28427 NNP denotes SDS-PAGE
T17928 28428-28431 CC denotes and
T17929 28432-28436 RB denotes then
T17930 28437-28444 JJ denotes Western
T17931 28445-28452 VBN denotes blotted
T17932 28453-28456 IN denotes for
T17933 28457-28461 NNP denotes IκBα
T17934 28462-28464 CC denotes or
T17935 28465-28466 VB denotes α
T17936 28466-28467 NN denotes −
T17937 28467-28474 NN denotes tubulin
T17938 28475-28477 IN denotes as
T17939 28478-28485 VBG denotes loading
T17940 28486-28493 NN denotes control
T17941 28493-28494 . denotes .
T17942 28495-28496 NNP denotes C
T17943 28496-28497 : denotes :
T17944 28498-28506 JJ denotes Degraded
T17945 28507-28519 NNS denotes carrageenans
T17946 28520-28521 -LRB- denotes (
T17947 28521-28525 NNP denotes dCGN
T17948 28525-28526 -RRB- denotes )
T17949 28527-28534 VBD denotes induced
T17950 28535-28545 NN denotes activation
T17951 28546-28548 IN denotes of
T17952 28549-28554 NN denotes NF-κB
T17953 28554-28555 . denotes .
T17954 28556-28561 CD denotes THP-1
T17955 28562-28567 NNS denotes cells
T17956 28568-28572 VBD denotes were
T17957 28573-28580 VBN denotes treated
T17958 28581-28585 IN denotes with
T17959 28586-28593 NN denotes nothing
T17960 28594-28595 -LRB- denotes (
T17961 28595-28602 NN denotes control
T17962 28602-28603 -RRB- denotes )
T17963 28603-28604 , denotes ,
T17964 28605-28607 CC denotes or
T17965 28608-28612 IN denotes with
T17966 28613-28614 CD denotes 1
T17967 28615-28620 NN denotes mg/ml
T17968 28621-28623 IN denotes of
T17969 28624-28626 CD denotes 10
T17970 28627-28630 NNP denotes kDa
T17971 28631-28635 NNP denotes dCGN
T17972 28636-28637 -LRB- denotes (
T17973 28637-28640 NNP denotes C10
T17974 28640-28641 -RRB- denotes )
T17975 28641-28642 , denotes ,
T17976 28643-28645 CC denotes or
T17977 28646-28650 IN denotes with
T17978 28651-28652 CD denotes 1
T17979 28653-28658 NN denotes mg/ml
T17980 28659-28661 IN denotes of
T17981 28662-28664 CD denotes 40
T17982 28665-28668 NNP denotes kDa
T17983 28669-28673 NNP denotes dCGN
T17984 28674-28675 -LRB- denotes (
T17985 28675-28678 NNP denotes C40
T17986 28678-28679 -RRB- denotes )
T17987 28680-28683 IN denotes for
T17988 28684-28686 CD denotes 30
T17989 28687-28694 NNS denotes minutes
T17990 28695-28697 IN denotes at
T17991 28698-28700 CD denotes 37
T17992 28700-28701 CD denotes °
T17993 28701-28703 NNP denotes C.
T17994 28704-28710 NNP denotes Nuclei
T17995 28711-28715 VBD denotes were
T17996 28716-28724 VBN denotes isolated
T17997 28725-28728 CC denotes and
T17998 28729-28734 VBN denotes lysed
T17999 28734-28735 . denotes .
T18000 28736-28744 NNPS denotes Proteins
T18001 28745-28747 IN denotes in
T18002 28748-28755 JJ denotes nuclear
T18003 28756-28764 NNS denotes extracts
T18004 28765-28769 VBD denotes were
T18005 28770-28778 VBN denotes resolved
T18006 28779-28781 IN denotes by
T18007 28782-28790 NNP denotes SDS-PAGE
T18008 28791-28794 CC denotes and
T18009 28795-28799 RB denotes then
T18010 28800-28807 JJ denotes Western
T18011 28808-28815 VBN denotes blotted
T18012 28816-28819 IN denotes for
T18013 28820-28825 NNP denotes NF-κB
T18014 28826-28829 CD denotes p50
T18015 28830-28837 NN denotes subunit
T18016 28838-28839 -LRB- denotes (
T18017 28839-28842 CD denotes p50
T18018 28842-28843 -RRB- denotes )
T18019 28844-28846 CC denotes or
T18020 28847-28852 NNP denotes NF-κB
T18021 28853-28856 CD denotes p65
T18022 28857-28864 NN denotes subunit
T18023 28865-28866 -LRB- denotes (
T18024 28866-28869 NNS denotes p65
T18025 28869-28870 -RRB- denotes )
T18026 28870-28871 . denotes .
T18027 28872-28877 JJR denotes Lower
T18028 28878-28884 NNS denotes panels
T18029 28885-28889 VBP denotes show
T18030 28890-28897 JJ denotes Western
T18031 28898-28903 NNS denotes blots
T18032 28904-28906 IN denotes of
T18033 28907-28914 JJ denotes nuclear
T18034 28915-28918 NNP denotes ERK
T18035 28919-28928 VBG denotes revealing
T18036 28929-28939 JJ denotes equivalent
T18037 28940-28946 NN denotes amount
T18038 28947-28949 IN denotes of
T18039 28950-28957 NN denotes protein
T18040 28958-28960 IN denotes in
T18041 28961-28965 DT denotes each
T18042 28966-28972 NN denotes sample
T18043 28972-28973 . denotes .
T18044 28974-28978 NNS denotes Data
T18045 28979-28982 VBP denotes are
T18046 28983-28997 NN denotes representative
T18047 28998-29000 IN denotes of
T18048 29001-29006 CD denotes three
T18049 29007-29015 JJ denotes separate
T18050 29016-29027 NNS denotes experiments
T18051 29027-29028 . denotes .
T18052 29029-29030 NNP denotes D
T18053 29030-29031 : denotes :
T18054 29032-29040 JJ denotes Degraded
T18055 29041-29052 NN denotes carrageenan
T18056 29053-29054 -LRB- denotes (
T18057 29054-29058 NNP denotes dCGN
T18058 29058-29059 -RRB- denotes )
T18059 29060-29067 VBD denotes induced
T18060 29068-29078 NN denotes activation
T18061 29079-29081 IN denotes of
T18062 29082-29087 NN denotes NF-κB
T18063 29087-29088 . denotes .
T18064 29089-29095 NNP denotes Nuclei
T18065 29096-29104 VBD denotes isolated
T18066 29105-29109 IN denotes from
T18067 29110-29115 CD denotes THP-1
T18068 29116-29121 NNS denotes cells
T18069 29122-29126 VBD denotes were
T18070 29127-29147 JJ denotes fluorescence-stained
T18071 29148-29151 IN denotes for
T18072 29152-29157 NNP denotes NF-κB
T18073 29158-29161 CD denotes p50
T18074 29162-29169 NN denotes subunit
T18075 29170-29172 CC denotes or
T18076 29173-29178 NN denotes NF-κB
T18077 29179-29182 NNS denotes p65
T18078 29183-29190 VBP denotes subunit
T18079 29191-29197 IN denotes before
T18080 29198-29199 -LRB- denotes (
T18081 29199-29205 VBN denotes filled
T18082 29206-29210 NN denotes area
T18083 29210-29211 -RRB- denotes )
T18084 29212-29214 CC denotes or
T18085 29215-29220 IN denotes after
T18086 29221-29226 NNS denotes cells
T18087 29227-29231 VBD denotes were
T18088 29232-29239 VBN denotes treated
T18089 29240-29244 IN denotes with
T18090 29245-29246 CD denotes 1
T18091 29247-29252 NN denotes mg/ml
T18092 29253-29255 IN denotes of
T18093 29256-29258 CD denotes 10
T18094 29259-29262 NNP denotes kDa
T18095 29263-29267 NNP denotes dCGN
T18096 29268-29269 -LRB- denotes (
T18097 29269-29272 NNP denotes C10
T18098 29272-29273 -RRB- denotes )
T18099 29273-29274 , denotes ,
T18100 29275-29277 CC denotes or
T18101 29278-29282 IN denotes with
T18102 29283-29284 CD denotes 1
T18103 29285-29290 NN denotes mg/ml
T18104 29291-29293 IN denotes of
T18105 29294-29296 CD denotes 40
T18106 29297-29300 NNP denotes kDa
T18107 29301-29305 NNP denotes dCGN
T18108 29306-29307 -LRB- denotes (
T18109 29307-29310 NNP denotes C40
T18110 29310-29311 -RRB- denotes )
T18111 29312-29315 IN denotes for
T18112 29316-29318 CD denotes 30
T18113 29319-29326 NNS denotes minutes
T18114 29327-29329 IN denotes at
T18115 29330-29332 CD denotes 37
T18116 29332-29333 CD denotes °
T18117 29333-29335 NNP denotes C.
T18118 29336-29342 NNP denotes Dashed
T18119 29343-29347 NN denotes line
T18120 29348-29359 VBZ denotes corresponds
T18121 29360-29362 TO denotes to
T18122 29363-29369 VB denotes nuclei
T18123 29370-29377 VBN denotes stained
T18124 29378-29382 RB denotes only
T18125 29383-29387 IN denotes with
T18126 29388-29397 JJ denotes secondary
T18127 29398-29410 NN denotes fluorescence
T18128 29411-29419 NN denotes antibody
T18129 29419-29420 . denotes .
T18130 29421-29433 NNP denotes Fluorescence
T18131 29434-29443 NN denotes intensity
T18132 29444-29447 VBD denotes was
T18133 29448-29456 VBN denotes analyzed
T18134 29457-29459 IN denotes by
T18135 29460-29464 NN denotes flow
T18136 29465-29474 NN denotes cytometry
T18137 29475-29477 IN denotes as
T18138 29478-29487 VBN denotes described
T18139 29487-29488 . denotes .
R255 T326 T329 amod Degraded,Colitis
R256 T327 T329 compound Carrageenan,Colitis
R257 T328 T329 compound Causing,Colitis
R258 T329 T332 nsubj Colitis,Induces
R259 T330 T329 prep in,Colitis
R260 T331 T330 pobj Rats,in
R261 T332 T332 ROOT Induces,Induces
R262 T333 T334 compound TNF,Secretion
R263 T334 T332 dobj Secretion,Induces
R264 T335 T334 cc and,Secretion
R265 T336 T337 compound ICAM-1,Upregulation
R266 T337 T334 conj Upregulation,Secretion
R267 T338 T337 prep in,Upregulation
R268 T339 T338 pobj Monocytes,in
R269 T340 T332 prep through,Induces
R270 T341 T343 compound NF-κB,Carrageenan
R271 T342 T343 compound Activation,Carrageenan
R272 T343 T340 pobj Carrageenan,through
R273 T344 T343 punct (,Carrageenan
R274 T345 T343 appos CGN,Carrageenan
R275 T346 T343 punct ),Carrageenan
R277 T348 T353 det a,polysaccharide
R278 T349 T351 amod high,weight
R279 T350 T351 amod molecular,weight
R280 T351 T353 nmod weight,polysaccharide
R281 T352 T353 amod sulphated,polysaccharide
R282 T353 T347 attr polysaccharide,is
R283 T354 T353 acl derived,polysaccharide
R284 T355 T354 prep from,derived
R285 T356 T357 amod red,seaweeds
R286 T357 T355 pobj seaweeds,from
R287 T358 T332 punct .,Induces
R288 T359 T369 prep In,induce
R289 T360 T359 pobj rodents,In
R290 T361 T369 punct ",",induce
R291 T362 T364 poss its,forms
R292 T363 T364 amod degraded,forms
R293 T364 T369 nsubj forms,induce
R294 T365 T364 punct (,forms
R295 T366 T364 appos dCGN,forms
R296 T367 T364 punct ),forms
R297 T368 T369 aux can,induce
R298 T369 T369 ROOT induce,induce
R299 T370 T371 amod intestinal,inflammation
R300 T371 T369 dobj inflammation,induce
R301 T372 T371 acl associated,inflammation
R302 T373 T372 prep with,associated
R303 T374 T375 compound macrophage,recruitment
R304 T375 T373 pobj recruitment,with
R305 T376 T375 cc and,recruitment
R306 T377 T375 conj activation,recruitment
R307 T378 T369 punct .,induce
R308 T379 T380 det The,aim
R309 T380 T384 nsubj aim,was
R310 T381 T380 prep of,aim
R311 T382 T383 det this,study
R312 T383 T381 pobj study,of
R313 T384 T384 ROOT was,was
R314 T385 T384 punct :,was
R315 T386 T389 meta 1,analyze
R316 T387 T386 punct ),1
R317 T388 T389 aux to,analyze
R318 T389 T384 xcomp analyze,was
R319 T390 T392 det the,effects
R320 T391 T392 amod size-dependent,effects
R321 T392 T389 dobj effects,analyze
R322 T393 T392 prep of,effects
R323 T394 T393 pobj dCGN,of
R324 T395 T392 prep on,effects
R325 T396 T397 compound colon,inflammation
R326 T397 T395 pobj inflammation,on
R327 T398 T397 prep in,inflammation
R328 T399 T398 pobj vivo,in
R329 T400 T389 punct ",",analyze
R330 T401 T389 cc and,analyze
R331 T402 T405 meta 2,correlate
R332 T403 T402 punct ),2
R333 T404 T405 aux to,correlate
R334 T405 T389 conj correlate,analyze
R335 T406 T407 det these,effects
R336 T407 T405 dobj effects,correlate
R337 T408 T405 prep with,correlate
R338 T409 T410 compound monocyte/macrophage,proliferation
R339 T410 T408 pobj proliferation,with
R340 T411 T405 punct ",",correlate
R341 T412 T413 amod cytokine,production
R342 T413 T405 conj production,correlate
R343 T414 T413 cc and,production
R344 T415 T413 conj expression,production
R345 T416 T413 prep of,production
R346 T417 T420 amod various,antigens
R347 T418 T419 compound cell,surface
R348 T419 T420 compound surface,antigens
R349 T420 T416 pobj antigens,of
R350 T421 T420 prep including,antigens
R351 T422 T424 amod ICAM-1,molecule
R352 T423 T424 compound adhesion,molecule
R353 T424 T421 pobj molecule,including
R354 T425 T384 punct .,was
R355 T426 T428 amod Peripheral,monocytes
R356 T427 T428 compound blood,monocytes
R357 T428 T437 nsubjpass monocytes,cultured
R358 T429 T428 punct (,monocytes
R359 T430 T428 appos PBM,monocytes
R360 T431 T430 punct ),PBM
R361 T432 T428 cc and,monocytes
R362 T433 T435 nummod THP-1,cells
R363 T434 T435 amod monocytic,cells
R364 T435 T428 conj cells,monocytes
R365 T436 T437 auxpass were,cultured
R366 T437 T437 ROOT cultured,cultured
R367 T438 T437 prep in,cultured
R368 T439 T440 det the,presence
R369 T440 T438 pobj presence,in
R370 T441 T440 prep of,presence
R371 T442 T443 det either,10
R372 T443 T446 nummod 10,kDa
R373 T444 T443 cc or,10
R374 T445 T443 conj 40,10
R375 T446 T441 pobj kDa,of
R376 T447 T446 punct ",",kDa
R377 T448 T446 appos dCGN,kDa
R378 T449 T437 punct .,cultured
R379 T450 T452 det The,kDa
R380 T451 T452 nummod 40,kDa
R381 T452 T461 nsubj kDa,induced
R382 T453 T452 punct ",",kDa
R383 T454 T452 cc but,kDa
R384 T455 T459 neg not,dCGN
R385 T456 T459 det the,dCGN
R386 T457 T459 nummod 10,dCGN
R387 T458 T459 compound kDa,dCGN
R388 T459 T452 conj dCGN,kDa
R389 T460 T461 punct ",",induced
R390 T461 T461 ROOT induced,induced
R391 T462 T461 dobj colitis,induced
R392 T463 T461 prt in,induced
R393 T464 T461 prep in,induced
R394 T465 T464 pobj vivo,in
R395 T466 T461 punct .,induced
R396 T467 T468 amod Degraded,CGN
R397 T468 T469 nsubj CGN,inhibited
R398 T469 T469 ROOT inhibited,inhibited
R399 T470 T472 nummod THP-1,proliferation
R400 T471 T472 compound cell,proliferation
R401 T472 T469 dobj proliferation,inhibited
R402 T473 T469 prep in,inhibited
R403 T474 T473 pobj vitro,in
R404 T475 T469 punct ",",inhibited
R405 T476 T469 advcl arresting,inhibited
R406 T477 T478 det the,cells
R407 T478 T476 dobj cells,arresting
R408 T479 T476 prep in,arresting
R409 T480 T481 nummod G1,phase
R410 T481 T479 pobj phase,in
R411 T482 T469 punct .,inhibited
R412 T483 T487 prep In,increased
R413 T484 T483 pobj addition,In
R414 T485 T487 punct ",",increased
R415 T486 T487 nsubj dCGN,increased
R416 T487 T487 ROOT increased,increased
R417 T488 T489 compound ICAM-1,expression
R418 T489 T487 dobj expression,increased
R419 T490 T487 prep in,increased
R420 T491 T492 preconj both,PBM
R421 T492 T490 pobj PBM,in
R422 T493 T492 cc and,PBM
R423 T494 T492 conj THP-1,PBM
R424 T495 T487 conj cells,increased
R425 T496 T495 prep with,cells
R426 T497 T499 det a,effect
R427 T498 T499 amod major,effect
R428 T499 T496 pobj effect,with
R429 T500 T499 acl seen,effect
R430 T501 T500 prep after,seen
R431 T502 T505 nummod 40,exposure
R432 T503 T504 compound kDa,dCGN
R433 T504 T505 compound dCGN,exposure
R434 T505 T501 pobj exposure,after
R435 T506 T487 punct .,increased
R436 T507 T510 advmod Also,stimulated
R437 T508 T510 punct ",",stimulated
R438 T509 T510 nsubj dCGN,stimulated
R439 T510 T510 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R440 T511 T512 compound monocyte,aggregation
R441 T512 T510 dobj aggregation,stimulated
R442 T513 T510 prep in,stimulated
R443 T514 T513 pobj vitro,in
R444 T515 T517 nsubjpass that,prevented
R445 T516 T517 auxpass was,prevented
R446 T517 T510 conj prevented,stimulated
R447 T518 T517 agent by,prevented
R448 T519 T518 pobj incubation,by
R449 T520 T517 prep with,prevented
R450 T521 T522 amod anti-ICAM-1,antibody
R451 T522 T520 pobj antibody,with
R452 T523 T510 punct .,stimulated
R453 T524 T527 advmod Finally,stimulated
R454 T525 T527 punct ",",stimulated
R455 T526 T527 nsubj dCGN,stimulated
R456 T527 T527 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R457 T528 T529 amod TNF-α,expression
R458 T529 T527 dobj expression,stimulated
R459 T530 T529 cc and,expression
R460 T531 T529 conj secretion,expression
R461 T532 T527 prep by,stimulated
R462 T533 T534 preconj both,PBM
R463 T534 T537 nmod PBM,cells
R464 T535 T534 cc and,PBM
R465 T536 T534 conj THP-1,PBM
R466 T537 T532 pobj cells,by
R467 T538 T527 punct .,stimulated
R468 T539 T541 predet All,effects
R469 T540 T541 det these,effects
R470 T541 T543 nsubjpass effects,linked
R471 T542 T543 auxpass were,linked
R472 T543 T543 ROOT linked,linked
R473 T544 T543 prep to,linked
R474 T545 T546 compound NF-κB,activation
R475 T546 T544 pobj activation,to
R476 T547 T543 punct .,linked
R477 T548 T549 det These,data
R478 T549 T551 nsubj data,suggest
R479 T550 T551 advmod strongly,suggest
R480 T551 T551 ROOT suggest,suggest
R481 T552 T558 mark that,have
R482 T553 T555 det the,forms
R483 T554 T555 amod degraded,forms
R484 T555 T558 nsubj forms,have
R485 T556 T555 prep of,forms
R486 T557 T556 pobj CGN,of
R487 T558 T551 ccomp have,suggest
R488 T559 T561 det a,effect
R489 T560 T561 amod pronounced,effect
R490 T561 T558 dobj effect,have
R491 T562 T561 prep on,effect
R492 T563 T562 pobj monocytes,on
R493 T564 T563 punct ",",monocytes
R494 T565 T561 conj characteristic,effect
R495 T566 T565 prep of,characteristic
R496 T567 T569 det an,phenotype
R497 T568 T569 amod inflammatory,phenotype
R498 T569 T566 pobj phenotype,of
R499 T570 T551 punct .,suggest
R1155 T1344 T1348 nsubj Carrageenan,is
R1156 T1345 T1346 punct (,CGN
R1157 T1346 T1344 appos CGN,Carrageenan
R1158 T1347 T1344 punct ),Carrageenan
R1159 T1348 T1348 ROOT is,is
R1160 T1349 T1354 det a,polysaccharide
R1161 T1350 T1352 amod high,weight
R1162 T1351 T1352 amod molecular,weight
R1163 T1352 T1354 nmod weight,polysaccharide
R1164 T1353 T1354 amod sulphated,polysaccharide
R1165 T1354 T1348 attr polysaccharide,is
R1166 T1355 T1356 punct (,>
R1167 T1356 T1354 appos >,polysaccharide
R1168 T1357 T1358 nummod 200,kDa
R1169 T1358 T1354 appos kDa,polysaccharide
R1170 T1359 T1358 punct ),kDa
R1171 T1360 T1354 acl derived,polysaccharide
R1172 T1361 T1360 prep from,derived
R1173 T1362 T1363 amod red,algae
R1174 T1363 T1361 pobj algae,from
R1175 T1364 T1363 punct (,algae
R1176 T1365 T1363 appos Rhodophyceae,algae
R1177 T1366 T1363 punct ),algae
R1178 T1367 T1348 punct .,is
R1179 T1368 T1370 nummod Three,forms
R1180 T1369 T1370 amod main,forms
R1181 T1370 T1375 nsubjpass forms,identified
R1182 T1371 T1370 prep of,forms
R1183 T1372 T1371 pobj CGN,of
R1184 T1373 T1375 aux have,identified
R1185 T1374 T1375 auxpass been,identified
R1186 T1375 T1375 ROOT identified,identified
R1187 T1376 T1375 punct :,identified
R1188 T1377 T1375 npadvmod kappa,identified
R1189 T1378 T1377 punct ",",kappa
R1190 T1379 T1377 conj iota,kappa
R1191 T1380 T1379 punct ",",iota
R1192 T1381 T1379 cc and,iota
R1193 T1382 T1379 conj lambda,iota
R1194 T1383 T1375 punct .,identified
R1195 T1384 T1385 nsubj They,differ
R1196 T1385 T1385 ROOT differ,differ
R1197 T1386 T1385 prep from,differ
R1198 T1387 T1388 det each,other
R1199 T1388 T1386 pobj other,from
R1200 T1389 T1385 prep in,differ
R1201 T1390 T1391 compound sulphation,degree
R1202 T1391 T1389 pobj degree,in
R1203 T1392 T1391 cc and,degree
R1204 T1393 T1394 compound solubility,[
R1205 T1394 T1385 conj [,differ
R1206 T1395 T1396 nummod 1,]
R1207 T1396 T1394 conj ],[
R1208 T1397 T1396 punct ",",]
R1209 T1398 T1396 conj [,]
R1210 T1399 T1400 nummod 2,]
R1211 T1400 T1396 conj ],]
R1212 T1401 T1385 punct .,differ
R1213 T1402 T1403 amod Native,CGN
R1214 T1403 T1405 nsubjpass CGN,thought
R1215 T1404 T1405 auxpass is,thought
R1216 T1405 T1405 ROOT thought,thought
R1217 T1406 T1407 aux to,be
R1218 T1407 T1405 xcomp be,thought
R1219 T1408 T1407 acomp harmless,be
R1220 T1409 T1405 cc and,thought
R1221 T1410 T1412 auxpass is,used
R1222 T1411 T1412 advmod widely,used
R1223 T1412 T1405 conj used,thought
R1224 T1413 T1412 prep as,used
R1225 T1414 T1416 det a,additive
R1226 T1415 T1416 compound food,additive
R1227 T1416 T1413 pobj additive,as
R1228 T1417 T1418 aux to,improve
R1229 T1418 T1416 relcl improve,additive
R1230 T1419 T1418 dobj texture,improve
R1231 T1420 T1405 punct .,thought
R1232 T1421 T1424 nsubjpass It,used
R1233 T1422 T1424 auxpass is,used
R1234 T1423 T1424 advmod also,used
R1235 T1424 T1424 ROOT used,used
R1236 T1425 T1424 prep in,used
R1237 T1426 T1425 pobj cosmetics,in
R1238 T1427 T1426 cc and,cosmetics
R1239 T1428 T1426 conj pharmaceuticals,cosmetics
R1240 T1429 T1424 punct .,used
R1241 T1430 T1442 advmod However,triggers
R1242 T1431 T1442 punct ",",triggers
R1243 T1432 T1433 compound acid,treatment
R1244 T1433 T1442 nsubj treatment,triggers
R1245 T1434 T1433 prep at,treatment
R1246 T1435 T1436 amod high,temperature
R1247 T1436 T1434 pobj temperature,at
R1248 T1437 T1436 punct (,temperature
R1249 T1438 T1440 nummod 80,C
R1250 T1439 T1440 nummod °,C
R1251 T1440 T1433 npadvmod C,treatment
R1252 T1441 T1433 punct ),treatment
R1253 T1442 T1442 ROOT triggers,triggers
R1254 T1443 T1444 compound CGN,hydrolysis
R1255 T1444 T1442 dobj hydrolysis,triggers
R1256 T1445 T1446 aux to,lower
R1257 T1446 T1448 amod lower,weight
R1258 T1447 T1448 amod molecular,weight
R1259 T1448 T1444 appos weight,hydrolysis
R1260 T1449 T1450 punct (,<
R1261 T1450 T1452 nmod <,kDa
R1262 T1451 T1452 nummod 50,kDa
R1263 T1452 T1448 appos kDa,weight
R1264 T1453 T1448 punct ),weight
R1265 T1454 T1442 conj compounds,triggers
R1266 T1455 T1454 acl known,compounds
R1267 T1456 T1455 prep as,known
R1268 T1457 T1456 pobj poligeenan,as
R1269 T1458 T1457 cc or,poligeenan
R1270 T1459 T1460 amod degraded,CGN
R1271 T1460 T1457 conj CGN,poligeenan
R1272 T1461 T1460 punct (,CGN
R1273 T1462 T1460 appos dCGN,CGN
R1274 T1463 T1460 punct ),CGN
R1275 T1464 T1442 punct .,triggers
R1276 T1465 T1466 det These,dCGNs
R1277 T1466 T1467 nsubj dCGNs,induce
R1278 T1467 T1467 ROOT induce,induce
R1279 T1468 T1467 dobj inflammation,induce
R1280 T1469 T1467 cc and,induce
R1281 T1470 T1473 aux have,used
R1282 T1471 T1473 auxpass been,used
R1283 T1472 T1473 advmod widely,used
R1284 T1473 T1467 conj used,induce
R1285 T1474 T1473 prep as,used
R1286 T1475 T1474 pobj models,as
R1287 T1476 T1475 prep of,models
R1288 T1477 T1476 pobj colitis,of
R1289 T1478 T1475 prep in,models
R1290 T1479 T1480 amod several,species
R1291 T1480 T1478 pobj species,in
R1292 T1481 T1480 punct ",",species
R1293 T1482 T1480 prep including,species
R1294 T1483 T1484 nsubj rats,[
R1295 T1484 T1486 nmod [,]
R1296 T1485 T1486 nummod 3,]
R1297 T1486 T1482 pobj ],including
R1298 T1487 T1486 punct ",",]
R1299 T1488 T1486 conj rabbits,]
R1300 T1489 T1491 nmod [,]
R1301 T1490 T1491 nummod 4,]
R1302 T1491 T1494 nmod ],pigs
R1303 T1492 T1491 cc and,]
R1304 T1493 T1494 compound guinea,pigs
R1305 T1494 T1495 nsubj pigs,[
R1306 T1495 T1488 relcl [,rabbits
R1307 T1496 T1497 nummod 5,]
R1308 T1497 T1495 dobj ],[
R1309 T1498 T1467 punct .,induce
R1310 T1499 T1500 det The,role
R1311 T1500 T1507 nsubj role,remains
R1312 T1501 T1500 prep of,role
R1313 T1502 T1501 pobj dCGN,of
R1314 T1503 T1500 prep as,role
R1315 T1504 T1506 det a,factor
R1316 T1505 T1506 amod tumor-promoting,factor
R1317 T1506 T1503 pobj factor,as
R1318 T1507 T1507 ROOT remains,remains
R1319 T1508 T1507 acomp controversial,remains
R1320 T1509 T1518 nmod [,]
R1321 T1510 T1509 nummod 4,[
R1322 T1511 T1509 conj ],[
R1323 T1512 T1511 punct ",",]
R1324 T1513 T1515 quantmod [,]
R1325 T1514 T1515 nummod 6,]
R1326 T1515 T1509 appos ],[
R1327 T1516 T1518 nmod [,]
R1328 T1517 T1518 nummod 8,]
R1329 T1518 T1507 npadvmod ],remains
R1330 T1519 T1507 punct .,remains
R1331 T1520 T1525 mark Although,thought
R1332 T1521 T1523 det the,form
R1333 T1522 T1523 amod native,form
R1334 T1523 T1525 nsubjpass form,thought
R1335 T1524 T1525 auxpass is,thought
R1336 T1525 T1539 advcl thought,produced
R1337 T1526 T1527 aux to,be
R1338 T1527 T1525 xcomp be,thought
R1339 T1528 T1527 acomp harmless,be
R1340 T1529 T1527 prep for,be
R1341 T1530 T1531 amod human,consumption
R1342 T1531 T1529 pobj consumption,for
R1343 T1532 T1539 punct ",",produced
R1344 T1533 T1534 amod small,amounts
R1345 T1534 T1539 nsubjpass amounts,produced
R1346 T1535 T1534 prep of,amounts
R1347 T1536 T1535 pobj dCGN,of
R1348 T1537 T1539 auxpass are,produced
R1349 T1538 T1539 advmod probably,produced
R1350 T1539 T1539 ROOT produced,produced
R1351 T1540 T1539 agent by,produced
R1352 T1541 T1542 compound acid,hydrolysis
R1353 T1542 T1540 pobj hydrolysis,by
R1354 T1543 T1539 prep during,produced
R1355 T1544 T1545 amod gastric,digestion
R1356 T1545 T1543 pobj digestion,during
R1357 T1546 T1548 nmod [,]
R1358 T1547 T1548 nummod 9,]
R1359 T1548 T1545 appos ],digestion
R1360 T1549 T1548 punct ",",]
R1361 T1550 T1552 nmod [,]
R1362 T1551 T1552 nummod 10,]
R1363 T1552 T1548 conj ],]
R1364 T1553 T1552 cc or,]
R1365 T1554 T1552 conj interaction,]
R1366 T1555 T1554 prep with,interaction
R1367 T1556 T1557 amod intestinal,bacteria
R1368 T1557 T1555 pobj bacteria,with
R1369 T1558 T1560 compound [,]
R1370 T1559 T1560 compound 11,]
R1371 T1560 T1557 appos ],bacteria
R1372 T1561 T1560 punct ",",]
R1373 T1562 T1564 nmod [,]
R1374 T1563 T1564 nummod 12,]
R1375 T1564 T1560 appos ],]
R1376 T1565 T1539 punct .,produced
R1377 T1566 T1579 mark Whereas,analyzed
R1378 T1567 T1568 det the,effects
R1379 T1568 T1579 nsubjpass effects,analyzed
R1380 T1569 T1568 prep of,effects
R1381 T1570 T1573 quantmod native,on
R1382 T1571 T1570 cc and,native
R1383 T1572 T1570 conj dCGN,native
R1384 T1573 T1568 prep on,effects
R1385 T1574 T1575 amod intestinal,inflammation
R1386 T1575 T1573 pobj inflammation,on
R1387 T1576 T1579 aux have,analyzed
R1388 T1577 T1579 auxpass been,analyzed
R1389 T1578 T1579 advmod extensively,analyzed
R1390 T1579 T1589 advcl analyzed,conducted
R1391 T1580 T1579 prep in,analyzed
R1392 T1581 T1582 compound animal,models
R1393 T1582 T1580 pobj models,in
R1394 T1583 T1589 punct ",",conducted
R1395 T1584 T1586 advmod only,studies
R1396 T1585 T1586 amod few,studies
R1397 T1586 T1589 nsubjpass studies,conducted
R1398 T1587 T1589 aux have,conducted
R1399 T1588 T1589 auxpass been,conducted
R1400 T1589 T1589 ROOT conducted,conducted
R1401 T1590 T1589 advcl using,conducted
R1402 T1591 T1593 amod human,lines
R1403 T1592 T1593 compound cell,lines
R1404 T1593 T1590 dobj lines,using
R1405 T1594 T1589 punct .,conducted
R1406 T1595 T1596 amod Recent,studies
R1407 T1596 T1598 nsubj studies,shown
R1408 T1597 T1598 aux have,shown
R1409 T1598 T1598 ROOT shown,shown
R1410 T1599 T1600 det a,link
R1411 T1600 T1598 dobj link,shown
R1412 T1601 T1600 prep between,link
R1413 T1602 T1606 compound exposure,CGN
R1414 T1603 T1604 aux to,native
R1415 T1604 T1605 amod native,form
R1416 T1605 T1606 compound form,CGN
R1417 T1606 T1601 pobj CGN,between
R1418 T1607 T1606 cc and,CGN
R1419 T1608 T1609 amod IL-8,production
R1420 T1609 T1606 conj production,CGN
R1421 T1610 T1609 prep by,production
R1422 T1611 T1616 det the,line
R1423 T1612 T1615 amod human,cell
R1424 T1613 T1615 amod intestinal,cell
R1425 T1614 T1615 compound epithelial,cell
R1426 T1615 T1616 compound cell,line
R1427 T1616 T1610 pobj line,by
R1428 T1617 T1616 punct ",",line
R1429 T1618 T1616 appos NCM460,line
R1430 T1619 T1598 punct ",",shown
R1431 T1620 T1598 prep via,shown
R1432 T1621 T1622 compound Nuclear,Factor-κB
R1433 T1622 T1620 pobj Factor-κB,via
R1434 T1623 T1622 punct (,Factor-κB
R1435 T1624 T1622 appos NF-κB,Factor-κB
R1436 T1625 T1622 punct ),Factor-κB
R1437 T1626 T1627 compound activation,[
R1438 T1627 T1629 nmod [,]
R1439 T1628 T1629 nummod 13,]
R1440 T1629 T1598 dobj ],shown
R1441 T1630 T1629 punct ",",]
R1442 T1631 T1629 conj [,]
R1443 T1632 T1633 nummod 14,]
R1444 T1633 T1629 conj ],]
R1445 T1634 T1598 punct .,shown
R1446 T1635 T1636 nsubj NF-κB,is
R1447 T1636 T1636 ROOT is,is
R1448 T1637 T1639 det a,factor
R1449 T1638 T1639 compound transcription,factor
R1450 T1639 T1636 attr factor,is
R1451 T1640 T1641 nsubj that,regulates
R1452 T1641 T1639 relcl regulates,factor
R1453 T1642 T1643 det the,expression
R1454 T1643 T1641 dobj expression,regulates
R1455 T1644 T1643 prep of,expression
R1456 T1645 T1644 pobj genes,of
R1457 T1646 T1645 acl associated,genes
R1458 T1647 T1646 prep with,associated
R1459 T1648 T1647 pobj inflammation,with
R1460 T1649 T1651 nmod [,]
R1461 T1650 T1651 nummod 15,]
R1462 T1651 T1643 appos ],expression
R1463 T1652 T1651 punct ",",]
R1464 T1653 T1655 nmod [,]
R1465 T1654 T1655 nummod 16,]
R1466 T1655 T1651 appos ],]
R1467 T1656 T1636 punct .,is
R1468 T1657 T1658 compound Macrophage,infiltration
R1469 T1658 T1661 nsubj infiltration,is
R1470 T1659 T1658 cc and,infiltration
R1471 T1660 T1658 conj accumulation,infiltration
R1472 T1661 T1661 ROOT is,is
R1473 T1662 T1664 det a,characteristic
R1488 T1677 T1680 amod total,cells
R1489 T1678 T1680 compound lamina,cells
R1490 T1679 T1680 compound propria,cells
R1491 T1680 T1676 pobj cells,of
R1492 T1681 T1673 punct ",",represent
R1493 T1682 T1673 conj secrete,represent
R1494 T1683 T1685 det a,range
R1495 T1684 T1685 amod wide,range
R1496 T1685 T1682 dobj range,secrete
R1497 T1686 T1685 prep of,range
R1498 T1687 T1688 advmod biologically,active
R1499 T1688 T1689 amod active,compounds
R1500 T1689 T1686 pobj compounds,of
R1501 T1690 T1682 cc and,secrete
R1502 T1691 T1682 conj express,secrete
R1503 T1692 T1693 amod cell-adhesion,molecules
R1504 T1693 T1691 dobj molecules,express
R1505 T1694 T1673 punct .,represent
R1506 T1695 T1698 det The,response
R1507 T1696 T1698 amod immune,response
R1508 T1697 T1698 compound cell,response
R1509 T1698 T1703 nsubj response,seems
R1510 T1699 T1698 prep to,response
R1511 T1700 T1702 det an,stimulus
R1512 T1701 T1702 amod inflammatory,stimulus
R1513 T1702 T1699 pobj stimulus,to
R1514 T1703 T1703 ROOT seems,seems
R1515 T1704 T1706 aux to,amplified
R1516 T1705 T1706 auxpass be,amplified
R1517 T1706 T1703 xcomp amplified,seems
R1518 T1707 T1706 cc or,amplified
R1519 T1708 T1709 advmod directly,generated
R1520 T1709 T1706 conj generated,amplified
R1521 T1710 T1709 agent by,generated
R1522 T1711 T1710 pobj cells,by
R1523 T1712 T1711 acl exposed,cells
R1524 T1713 T1712 prep to,exposed
R1525 T1714 T1715 amod sulphated,polysaccharides
R1526 T1715 T1713 pobj polysaccharides,to
R1527 T1716 T1717 amod such,as
R1528 T1717 T1715 prep as,polysaccharides
R1529 T1718 T1717 pobj carrageenans,as
R1530 T1719 T1703 punct .,seems
R1531 T1720 T1727 advmod Indeed,associated
R1532 T1721 T1727 punct ",",associated
R1533 T1722 T1727 nsubjpass inflammation,associated
R1534 T1723 T1722 acl induced,inflammation
R1535 T1724 T1723 agent by,induced
R1536 T1725 T1724 pobj dCGN,by
R1537 T1726 T1727 auxpass was,associated
R1538 T1727 T1727 ROOT associated,associated
R1539 T1728 T1727 prep with,associated
R1540 T1729 T1728 pobj recruitment,with
R1541 T1730 T1729 prep of,recruitment
R1542 T1731 T1730 pobj macrophages,of
R1543 T1732 T1727 prep to,associated
R1544 T1733 T1734 compound inflammation,sites
R1545 T1734 T1732 pobj sites,to
R1546 T1735 T1737 nmod [,]
R1547 T1736 T1737 nummod 18,]
R1548 T1737 T1734 appos ],sites
R1549 T1738 T1737 punct ",",]
R1550 T1739 T1741 nmod [,]
R1551 T1740 T1741 nummod 19,]
R1552 T1741 T1737 conj ],]
R1553 T1742 T1727 punct .,associated
R1554 T1743 T1761 advmod Also,associated
R1555 T1744 T1761 punct ",",associated
R1556 T1745 T1761 nsubjpass inflammation,associated
R1557 T1746 T1745 acl induced,inflammation
R1558 T1747 T1746 agent by,induced
R1559 T1748 T1750 compound Dextran,Sodium
R1560 T1749 T1750 compound Sulphate,Sodium
R1561 T1750 T1761 nsubjpass Sodium,associated
R1562 T1751 T1752 punct (,DSS
R1563 T1752 T1750 appos DSS,Sodium
R1564 T1753 T1750 punct ),Sodium
R1565 T1754 T1750 punct ",",Sodium
R1566 T1755 T1757 det another,compound
R1567 T1756 T1757 amod sulphated,compound
R1568 T1757 T1750 appos compound,Sodium
R1569 T1758 T1761 punct ",",associated
R1570 T1759 T1761 auxpass was,associated
R1571 T1760 T1761 advmod directly,associated
R1572 T1761 T1761 ROOT associated,associated
R1573 T1762 T1761 prep with,associated
R1574 T1763 T1764 compound macrophages,recruitment
R1575 T1764 T1762 pobj recruitment,with
R1576 T1765 T1767 nmod [,]
R1577 T1766 T1767 nummod 20,]
R1578 T1767 T1764 appos ],recruitment
R1579 T1768 T1761 punct ",",associated
R1580 T1769 T1772 mark since,provoked
R1581 T1770 T1772 nsubj DSS,provoked
R1582 T1771 T1772 advmod still,provoked
R1583 T1772 T1761 advcl provoked,associated
R1584 T1773 T1772 dobj inflammation,provoked
R1585 T1774 T1772 prep after,provoked
R1586 T1775 T1774 pobj T-lymphocyte,after
R1587 T1776 T1775 cc and,T-lymphocyte
R1588 T1777 T1779 compound NK,depletion
R1589 T1778 T1779 compound cell,depletion
R1590 T1779 T1775 conj depletion,T-lymphocyte
R1591 T1780 T1782 nsubj [,]
R1592 T1781 T1782 nummod 20,]
R1593 T1782 T1782 ROOT ],]
R1594 T1783 T1761 punct .,associated
R1595 T1784 T1788 mark Although,induced
R1596 T1785 T1788 nsubjpass inflammation,induced
R1597 T1786 T1788 aux can,induced
R1598 T1787 T1788 auxpass be,induced
R1599 T1788 T1793 advcl induced,are
R1600 T1789 T1788 agent by,induced
R1601 T1790 T1789 pobj dCGN,by
R1602 T1791 T1793 punct ",",are
R1603 T1792 T1793 expl there,are
R1604 T1793 T1793 ROOT are,are
R1605 T1794 T1795 det no,data
R1606 T1795 T1793 attr data,are
R1607 T1796 T1795 prep on,data
R1608 T1797 T1799 amod human,responses
R1609 T1798 T1799 compound monocyte,responses
R1610 T1799 T1796 pobj responses,on
R1611 T1800 T1799 prep to,responses
R1612 T1801 T1802 compound dCGN,exposure
R1613 T1802 T1800 pobj exposure,to
R1614 T1803 T1793 punct .,are
R1615 T1804 T1829 advmod Therefore,exposed
R1616 T1805 T1829 punct ",",exposed
R1617 T1806 T1807 aux to,investigate
R1618 T1807 T1829 advcl investigate,exposed
R1619 T1808 T1809 det the,effects
R1620 T1809 T1807 dobj effects,investigate
R1621 T1810 T1809 prep of,effects
R1622 T1811 T1810 pobj dCGN,of
R1623 T1812 T1809 prep on,effects
R1624 T1813 T1814 amod human,monocytes
R1625 T1814 T1812 pobj monocytes,on
R1626 T1815 T1814 punct ",",monocytes
R1627 T1816 T1819 amod normal,Monocytes
R1628 T1817 T1818 compound Peripheral,Blood
R1629 T1818 T1819 compound Blood,Monocytes
R1630 T1819 T1827 nmod Monocytes,cells
R1631 T1820 T1821 punct (,PBM
R1632 T1821 T1819 appos PBM,Monocytes
R1633 T1822 T1821 punct ),PBM
R1634 T1823 T1819 cc and,Monocytes
R1635 T1824 T1825 amod tumoral,monocyte/macrophage
R1636 T1825 T1819 conj monocyte/macrophage,Monocytes
R1637 T1826 T1827 nummod THP-1,cells
R1638 T1827 T1829 nsubjpass cells,exposed
R1639 T1828 T1829 auxpass were,exposed
R1640 T1829 T1829 ROOT exposed,exposed
R1641 T1830 T1829 prep to,exposed
R1642 T1831 T1832 nummod 10,kDa
R1643 T1832 T1830 pobj kDa,to
R1644 T1833 T1832 cc and,kDa
R1645 T1834 T1836 nummod 40,dCGN
R1646 T1835 T1836 compound kDa,dCGN
R1647 T1836 T1832 conj dCGN,kDa
R1648 T1837 T1829 punct .,exposed
R1649 T1838 T1839 nsubj We,found
R1650 T1839 T1839 ROOT found,found
R1651 T1840 T1842 mark that,inhibited
R1652 T1841 T1842 nsubj dCGN,inhibited
R1653 T1842 T1839 ccomp inhibited,found
R1654 T1843 T1845 nummod THP-1,proliferation
R1655 T1844 T1845 compound cell,proliferation
R1656 T1845 T1842 dobj proliferation,inhibited
R1657 T1846 T1842 prep in,inhibited
R1658 T1847 T1846 pobj vitro,in
R1659 T1848 T1842 punct ",",inhibited
R1660 T1849 T1851 amod increased,expression
R1661 T1850 T1851 compound ICAM-1,expression
R1662 T1851 T1839 dobj expression,found
R1663 T1852 T1851 punct ",",expression
R1664 T1853 T1851 acl stimulated,expression
R1665 T1854 T1856 amod ICAM-1-dependent,aggregation
R1666 T1855 T1856 compound monocyte,aggregation
R1667 T1856 T1853 dobj aggregation,stimulated
R1668 T1857 T1839 punct ",",found
R1669 T1858 T1839 cc and,found
R1670 T1859 T1839 conj stimulated,found
R1671 T1860 T1861 compound TNF-α,expression
R1672 T1861 T1859 dobj expression,stimulated
R1673 T1862 T1861 cc and,expression
R1674 T1863 T1861 conj secretion,expression
R1675 T1864 T1839 punct .,found
R1676 T1865 T1866 det These,responses
R1677 T1866 T1867 nsubj responses,were
R1678 T1867 T1867 ROOT were,were
R1679 T1868 T1869 advmod more,pronounced
R1680 T1869 T1867 acomp pronounced,were
R1681 T1870 T1869 prep after,pronounced
R1682 T1871 T1874 nummod 40,exposure
R1683 T1872 T1874 compound kDa,exposure
R1684 T1873 T1874 compound dCGN,exposure
R1685 T1874 T1870 pobj exposure,after
R1686 T1875 T1867 cc and,were
R1687 T1876 T1877 auxpass were,linked
R1688 T1877 T1867 conj linked,were
R1689 T1878 T1877 prep to,linked
R1690 T1879 T1880 compound NF-κB,activation
R1691 T1880 T1878 pobj activation,to
R1692 T1881 T1867 punct .,were
R1693 T1882 T1896 prep In,induced
R1694 T1883 T1882 pobj addition,In
R1695 T1884 T1896 punct ",",induced
R1696 T1885 T1888 det the,dCGN
R1697 T1886 T1888 nummod 40,dCGN
R1698 T1887 T1888 compound kDa,dCGN
R1699 T1888 T1896 nsubj dCGN,induced
R1700 T1889 T1888 punct ",",dCGN
R1701 T1890 T1896 cc but,induced
R1702 T1891 T1896 neg not,induced
R1703 T1892 T1895 det the,dCGN
R1704 T1893 T1895 nummod 10,dCGN
R1705 T1894 T1895 compound kDa,dCGN
R1706 T1895 T1896 nsubj dCGN,induced
R1707 T1896 T1896 ROOT induced,induced
R1708 T1897 T1896 prep in,induced
R1709 T1898 T1899 compound vivo,colitis
R1710 T1899 T1897 pobj colitis,in
R1711 T1900 T1901 mark as,shown
R1712 T1901 T1896 advcl shown,induced
R1713 T1902 T1901 agent by,shown
R1714 T1903 T1905 det the,response
R1715 T1904 T1905 amod inflammatory,response
R1716 T1905 T1902 pobj response,by
R1717 T1906 T1905 prep in,response
R1718 T1907 T1909 det the,colon
R1719 T1908 T1909 compound rat,colon
R1720 T1909 T1906 pobj colon,in
R1721 T1910 T1896 punct .,induced
R1722 T1911 T1912 det These,results
R1723 T1912 T1913 nsubj results,suggest
R1724 T1913 T1913 ROOT suggest,suggest
R1725 T1914 T1920 mark that,have
R1726 T1915 T1917 det the,forms
R1727 T1916 T1917 amod degraded,forms
R1728 T1917 T1920 nsubj forms,have
R1729 T1918 T1917 prep of,forms
R1730 T1919 T1918 pobj CGN,of
R1731 T1920 T1913 ccomp have,suggest
R1732 T1921 T1923 det an,effect
R1733 T1922 T1923 amod important,effect
R1734 T1923 T1920 dobj effect,have
R1735 T1924 T1923 prep on,effect
R1736 T1925 T1924 pobj monocytes,on
R1737 T1926 T1923 acl resulting,effect
R1738 T1927 T1926 prep in,resulting
R1739 T1928 T1930 det an,phenotype
R1740 T1929 T1930 amod inflammatory,phenotype
R1741 T1930 T1927 pobj phenotype,in
R1742 T1931 T1913 punct .,suggest
R2132 T2416 T2449 nsubjpass Preparation,prepared
R2133 T2417 T2416 prep of,Preparation
R2134 T2418 T2419 compound Degraded,Carrageenan
R2135 T2419 T2417 pobj Carrageenan,of
R2136 T2420 T2421 nummod Two,preparations
R2137 T2421 T2447 nmod preparations,weight
R2138 T2422 T2421 prep of,preparations
R2139 T2423 T2424 amod degraded,carrageenan
R2140 T2424 T2422 pobj carrageenan,of
R2141 T2425 T2424 prep with,carrageenan
R2142 T2426 T2425 pobj low,with
R2143 T2427 T2421 punct ",",preparations
R2144 T2428 T2429 punct (,∼
R2145 T2429 T2421 appos ∼,preparations
R2146 T2430 T2431 nummod 10,kDa
R2147 T2431 T2429 npadvmod kDa,∼
R2148 T2432 T2421 punct ;,preparations
R2149 T2433 T2421 appos C10,preparations
R2150 T2434 T2421 punct ),preparations
R2151 T2435 T2421 punct ",",preparations
R2152 T2436 T2421 cc and,preparations
R2180 T2464 T2463 punct ",",Industry
R2181 T2465 T2463 conj Boulogne-Billancourt,Industry
R2182 T2466 T2465 punct ",",Boulogne-Billancourt
R2183 T2467 T2465 conj France,Boulogne-Billancourt
R2184 T2468 T2452 punct ),iota-carrageenan
R2185 T2469 T2449 punct .,prepared
R2186 T2470 T2471 amod Native,carrageenan
R2187 T2471 T2473 nsubjpass carrageenan,dissolved
R2188 T2472 T2473 auxpass was,dissolved
R2189 T2473 T2473 ROOT dissolved,dissolved
R2190 T2474 T2473 prep in,dissolved
R2191 T2475 T2476 amod distilled,water
R2192 T2476 T2474 pobj water,in
R2193 T2477 T2480 punct (,w/v
R2194 T2478 T2479 nummod 5,%
R2195 T2479 T2480 compound %,w/v
R2196 T2480 T2473 parataxis w/v,dissolved
R2197 T2481 T2480 punct ),w/v
R2198 T2482 T2473 prep under,dissolved
R2199 T2483 T2484 amod vigorous,stirring
R2200 T2484 T2482 pobj stirring,under
R2201 T2485 T2484 cc and,stirring
R2202 T2486 T2484 conj heated,stirring
R2203 T2487 T2486 prep to,heated
R2204 T2488 T2489 nummod 60,°
R2232 T2516 T2518 amod low,weight
R2233 T2517 T2518 amod molecular,weight
R2234 T2518 T2519 compound weight,fraction
R2235 T2519 T2514 pobj fraction,for
R2236 T2520 T2524 punct ",",hydrolyzed
R2237 T2521 T2522 compound carrageenan,solution
R2238 T2522 T2524 nsubjpass solution,hydrolyzed
R2239 T2523 T2524 auxpass was,hydrolyzed
R2240 T2524 T2524 ROOT hydrolyzed,hydrolyzed
R2241 T2525 T2524 prep with,hydrolyzed
R2242 T2526 T2527 nummod 0.3,%
R2243 T2527 T2525 pobj %,with
R2244 T2528 T2529 punct (,v/v
R2245 T2529 T2527 appos v/v,%
R2246 T2530 T2524 punct ),hydrolyzed
R2247 T2531 T2533 nmod concentrated,acid
R2248 T2532 T2533 compound sulphuric,acid
R2249 T2533 T2524 dobj acid,hydrolyzed
R2250 T2534 T2524 prep for,hydrolyzed
R2251 T2535 T2536 nummod 15,min
R2252 T2536 T2534 pobj min,for
R2253 T2537 T2524 prep at,hydrolyzed
R2254 T2538 T2540 nummod 80,C
R2255 T2539 T2540 nummod °,C
R2256 T2540 T2537 pobj C,at
R2257 T2541 T2524 punct .,hydrolyzed
R2258 T2542 T2552 prep After,filtered
R2259 T2543 T2542 pobj neutralization,After
R2260 T2544 T2543 prep with,neutralization
R2261 T2545 T2546 compound NaOH,4N
R2262 T2546 T2544 pobj 4N,with
R2263 T2547 T2552 punct ",",filtered
R2264 T2548 T2549 det the,solution
R2265 T2549 T2552 nsubjpass solution,filtered
R2266 T2550 T2552 auxpass was,filtered
R2267 T2551 T2552 advmod ultra,filtered
R2268 T2552 T2552 ROOT filtered,filtered
R2269 T2553 T2552 prep through,filtered
R2270 T2554 T2557 det a,cartridge
R2271 T2555 T2557 amod hollow,cartridge
R2272 T2556 T2557 compound fibre,cartridge
R2273 T2557 T2553 pobj cartridge,through
R2274 T2558 T2557 prep with,cartridge
R2275 T2559 T2562 nmod MW,kDa
R2276 T2560 T2562 nmod cut-off,kDa
R2277 T2561 T2562 nummod 5,kDa
R2278 T2562 T2558 pobj kDa,with
R2279 T2563 T2562 punct ",",kDa
R2280 T2564 T2566 punct (,Inc
R2281 T2565 T2566 compound Amicon,Inc
R2282 T2566 T2562 conj Inc,kDa
R2283 T2567 T2566 punct ",",Inc
R2284 T2568 T2566 conj Beverly,Inc
R2285 T2569 T2568 punct ",",Beverly
R2286 T2570 T2568 conj USA,Beverly
R2287 T2571 T2566 punct ),Inc
R2288 T2572 T2552 punct .,filtered
R2289 T2573 T2584 prep For,hydrolyzed
R2290 T2574 T2578 det the,fraction
R2291 T2575 T2578 compound medium,fraction
R2292 T2576 T2577 amod molecular,weight
R2293 T2577 T2578 compound weight,fraction
R2294 T2578 T2573 pobj fraction,For
R2295 T2579 T2584 punct ",",hydrolyzed
R2296 T2580 T2582 det the,solution
R2297 T2581 T2582 compound carrageenan,solution
R2298 T2582 T2584 nsubjpass solution,hydrolyzed
R2299 T2583 T2584 auxpass was,hydrolyzed
R2300 T2584 T2584 ROOT hydrolyzed,hydrolyzed
R2301 T2585 T2584 prep with,hydrolyzed
R2302 T2586 T2587 nummod 0.3,%
R2303 T2587 T2585 pobj %,with
R2304 T2588 T2589 punct (,v/v
R2305 T2589 T2587 appos v/v,%
R2306 T2590 T2584 punct ),hydrolyzed
R2307 T2591 T2591 ROOT concentrated,concentrated
R2308 T2592 T2593 amod sulphuric,acid
R2309 T2593 T2591 dobj acid,concentrated
R2310 T2594 T2591 prep for,concentrated
R2311 T2595 T2596 nummod 30,min
R2312 T2596 T2594 pobj min,for
R2313 T2597 T2591 prep at,concentrated
R2314 T2598 T2599 nummod 60,°
R2315 T2599 T2597 pobj °,at
R2316 T2600 T2591 npadvmod C,concentrated
R2317 T2601 T2584 punct .,hydrolyzed
R2318 T2602 T2609 prep After,filtered
R2319 T2603 T2602 pobj neutralization,After
R2320 T2604 T2609 punct ",",filtered
R2321 T2605 T2606 det the,supernatant
R2322 T2606 T2609 nsubjpass supernatant,filtered
R2323 T2607 T2609 auxpass was,filtered
R2324 T2608 T2609 advmod ultra,filtered
R2325 T2609 T2609 ROOT filtered,filtered
R2326 T2610 T2614 punct (,kDa
R2327 T2611 T2614 prt MW,kDa
R2328 T2612 T2614 nmod cut-off,kDa
R2329 T2613 T2614 nummod 100,kDa
R2330 T2614 T2609 dobj kDa,filtered
R2331 T2615 T2614 punct ),kDa
R2332 T2616 T2609 punct .,filtered
R2333 T2617 T2618 det The,filtrate
R2334 T2618 T2620 nsubjpass filtrate,submitted
R2335 T2619 T2620 auxpass was,submitted
R2336 T2620 T2620 ROOT submitted,submitted
R2337 T2621 T2620 prep to,submitted
R2338 T2622 T2625 det a,filtration
R2339 T2623 T2625 amod second,filtration
R2340 T2624 T2625 compound ultra,filtration
R2341 T2625 T2621 pobj filtration,to
R2342 T2626 T2630 punct (,kDa
R2343 T2627 T2630 nmod MW,kDa
R2344 T2628 T2630 punct cut-off,kDa
R2345 T2629 T2628 nummod 5,cut-off
R2346 T2630 T2625 appos kDa,filtration
R2347 T2631 T2630 punct ),kDa
R2348 T2632 T2620 punct .,submitted
R2349 T2633 T2634 det Both,preparations
R2350 T2634 T2638 nsubjpass preparations,precipitated
R2351 T2635 T2634 prep of,preparations
R2352 T2636 T2635 pobj dCGN,of
R2353 T2637 T2638 auxpass were,precipitated
R2354 T2638 T2638 ROOT precipitated,precipitated
R2355 T2639 T2638 prep with,precipitated
R2356 T2640 T2641 nummod 4,volumes
R2357 T2641 T2639 pobj volumes,with
R2358 T2642 T2641 prep of,volumes
R2359 T2643 T2644 nummod 95,%
R2360 T2644 T2645 compound %,ethanol
R2361 T2645 T2642 pobj ethanol,of
R2362 T2646 T2638 punct ",",precipitated
R2363 T2647 T2638 conj dried,precipitated
R2364 T2648 T2647 prep at,dried
R2365 T2649 T2650 compound room,temperature
R2366 T2650 T2648 pobj temperature,at
R2367 T2651 T2650 cc and,temperature
R2368 T2652 T2650 conj ground,temperature
R2369 T2653 T2647 prep to,dried
R2370 T2654 T2655 amod small,particles
R2371 T2655 T2653 pobj particles,to
R2372 T2656 T2658 punct (,mm
R2373 T2657 T2658 nummod 1,mm
R2374 T2658 T2655 parataxis mm,particles
R2375 T2659 T2658 prep in,mm
R2376 T2660 T2659 pobj diameter,in
R2377 T2661 T2658 punct ),mm
R2378 T2662 T2638 punct .,precipitated
R2379 T2663 T2663 ROOT Using,Using
R2380 T2664 T2665 compound gel-permeation,chromatography
R2381 T2665 T2663 dobj chromatography,Using
R2382 T2666 T2665 prep in,chromatography
R2383 T2667 T2666 pobj combination,in
R2384 T2668 T2663 prep with,Using
R2385 T2669 T2671 amod light,measurements
R2386 T2670 T2671 compound scattering,measurements
R2387 T2671 T2668 pobj measurements,with
R2388 T2672 T2673 punct (,see
R2389 T2673 T2663 parataxis see,Using
R2390 T2674 T2684 nsubj Viebke,confirmed
R2391 T2675 T2676 compound et,al.
R2392 T2676 T2684 prep al.,confirmed
R2393 T2677 T2676 appos [,al.
R2394 T2678 T2679 nummod 21,]
R2395 T2679 T2677 appos ],[
R2396 T2680 T2677 punct ),[
R2397 T2681 T2684 punct ",",confirmed
R2398 T2682 T2684 nsubjpass it,confirmed
R2399 T2683 T2684 auxpass was,confirmed
R2400 T2684 T2673 ccomp confirmed,see
R2401 T2685 T2689 mark that,had
R2402 T2686 T2688 det the,fraction
R2403 T2687 T2688 amod low,fraction
R2404 T2688 T2689 nsubj fraction,had
R2405 T2689 T2684 ccomp had,confirmed
R2406 T2690 T2693 det an,weight
R2407 T2691 T2693 amod average,weight
R2408 T2692 T2693 amod molecular,weight
R2409 T2693 T2689 dobj weight,had
R2410 T2694 T2693 prep of,weight
R2411 T2695 T2696 nummod 10,kDa
R2412 T2696 T2694 pobj kDa,of
R2413 T2697 T2689 punct ",",had
R2414 T2698 T2689 cc and,had
R2415 T2699 T2701 det the,fraction
R2416 T2700 T2701 compound medium,fraction
R2417 T2701 T2689 conj fraction,had
R2418 T2702 T2701 prep of,fraction
R2419 T2703 T2704 nummod 40,kDa
R2420 T2704 T2702 pobj kDa,of
R2421 T2705 T2673 punct .,see
R2422 T2706 T2708 det The,content
R2423 T2707 T2708 compound sulphate,content
R2424 T2708 T2715 nsubjpass content,measured
R2425 T2709 T2708 prep of,content
R2426 T2710 T2709 pobj polysaccharides,of
R2427 T2711 T2710 prep in,polysaccharides
R2428 T2712 T2713 det both,fractions
R2429 T2713 T2711 pobj fractions,in
R2430 T2714 T2715 auxpass was,measured
R2431 T2715 T2715 ROOT measured,measured
R2432 T2716 T2715 prep following,measured
R2433 T2717 T2718 det the,method
R2434 T2718 T2716 pobj method,following
R2435 T2719 T2718 prep of,method
R2436 T2720 T2723 compound Quemener,[
R2437 T2721 T2722 compound et,al.
R2438 T2722 T2723 compound al.,[
R2439 T2723 T2719 pobj [,of
R2440 T2724 T2725 nummod 22,]
R2441 T2725 T2718 npadvmod ],method
R2442 T2726 T2715 punct .,measured
R2443 T2727 T2740 advmod Finally,confirmed
R2444 T2728 T2740 punct ",",confirmed
R2445 T2729 T2730 det the,absence
R2446 T2730 T2740 nsubjpass absence,confirmed
R2447 T2731 T2730 prep of,absence
R2448 T2732 T2733 compound polysaccharide,structure
R2449 T2733 T2734 compound structure,modifications
R2450 T2734 T2731 pobj modifications,of
R2451 T2735 T2734 prep in,modifications
R2452 T2736 T2738 det the,fractions
R2453 T2737 T2738 nummod two,fractions
R2454 T2738 T2735 pobj fractions,in
R2455 T2739 T2740 auxpass was,confirmed
R2456 T2740 T2740 ROOT confirmed,confirmed
R2457 T2741 T2740 advcl using,confirmed
R2458 T2742 T2743 amod 2H-NMR,spectroscopy
R2459 T2743 T2741 dobj spectroscopy,using
R2460 T2744 T2740 punct .,confirmed
R2461 T2745 T2746 det The,absence
R2462 T2746 T2755 nsubjpass absence,confirmed
R2463 T2747 T2746 prep of,absence
R2464 T2748 T2749 compound LPS,contamination
R2465 T2749 T2747 pobj contamination,of
R2466 T2750 T2749 prep in,contamination
R2467 T2751 T2753 det the,fractions
R2468 T2752 T2753 nummod two,fractions
R2469 T2753 T2750 pobj fractions,in
R2470 T2754 T2755 auxpass was,confirmed
R2471 T2755 T2755 ROOT confirmed,confirmed
R2472 T2756 T2755 advcl using,confirmed
R2473 T2757 T2760 det the,kit
R2474 T2758 T2760 amod e-Toxate,kit
R2475 T2759 T2760 compound ®,kit
R2476 T2760 T2756 dobj kit,using
R2477 T2761 T2760 punct (,kit
R2478 T2762 T2760 appos Sigma,kit
R2479 T2763 T2762 punct ",",Sigma
R2480 T2764 T2766 compound St,Fallavier
R2481 T2765 T2766 compound Quentin,Fallavier
R2482 T2766 T2762 conj Fallavier,Sigma
R2483 T2767 T2766 punct ",",Fallavier
R2484 T2768 T2766 conj France,Fallavier
R2485 T2769 T2766 punct ),Fallavier
R2486 T2770 T2755 punct .,confirmed
R2487 T2771 T2781 prep Before,dissolved
R2488 T2772 T2771 pobj use,Before
R2489 T2773 T2772 prep in,use
R2490 T2774 T2775 compound cell,culture
R2491 T2775 T2773 pobj culture,in
R2492 T2776 T2781 punct ",",dissolved
R2647 T2959 T2960 auxpass were,housed
R2648 T2960 T2960 ROOT housed,housed
R2649 T2961 T2960 prep under,housed
R2650 T2962 T2963 amod standard,conditions
R2651 T2963 T2961 pobj conditions,under
R2652 T2964 T2960 cc and,housed
R2653 T2965 T2960 conj fed,housed
R2654 T2966 T2967 compound ad,libitum
R2655 T2967 T2965 dobj libitum,fed
R2656 T2968 T2967 prep with,libitum
R2657 T2969 T2972 amod standard,chow
R2658 T2970 T2972 compound rodent,chow
R2659 T2971 T2972 compound laboratory,chow
R2660 T2972 T2968 pobj chow,with
R2661 T2973 T2960 punct .,housed
R2662 T2974 T2975 amod Degraded,iota-carrageenans
R2663 T2975 T2977 nsubjpass iota-carrageenans,administered
R2664 T2976 T2977 auxpass were,administered
R2665 T2977 T2977 ROOT administered,administered
R2666 T2978 T2977 prep in,administered
R2667 T2979 T2981 det the,water
R2669 T2981 T2978 pobj water,in
R2730 T3042 T3038 punct ),water
R2731 T3043 T3034 punct .,maintained
R2732 T3044 T3045 aux To,increase
R2733 T3045 T3051 advcl increase,added
R2734 T3046 T3049 amod palatability,sucrose
R2735 T3047 T3048 nummod 0.2,%
R2736 T3048 T3049 compound %,sucrose
R2737 T3049 T3051 nsubjpass sucrose,added
R2738 T3050 T3051 auxpass was,added
R2739 T3051 T3051 ROOT added,added
R2740 T3052 T3051 prep to,added
R2741 T3053 T3055 det the,water
R2742 T3054 T3055 compound drinking,water
R2743 T3055 T3052 pobj water,to
R2744 T3056 T3055 prep of,water
R2745 T3057 T3058 det all,groups
R2746 T3058 T3056 pobj groups,of
R2747 T3059 T3062 punct (,Waaji
R2748 T3060 T3062 compound Van,Waaji
R2749 T3061 T3062 compound der,Waaji
R2750 T3062 T3064 compound Waaji,al.
R2751 T3063 T3064 compound et,al.
R2752 T3064 T3055 appos al.,water
R2753 T3065 T3055 punct ",",water
R2754 T3066 T3055 appos [,water
R2755 T3067 T3068 nummod 23,]
R2756 T3068 T3066 appos ],[
R2757 T3069 T3066 punct ),[
R2758 T3070 T3051 punct .,added
R2759 T3071 T3073 amod Fresh,solutions
R2760 T3072 T3073 compound carrageenan,solutions
R2761 T3073 T3075 nsubjpass solutions,prepared
R2762 T3074 T3075 auxpass were,prepared
R2763 T3075 T3075 ROOT prepared,prepared
R2764 T3076 T3075 advmod daily,prepared
R2765 T3077 T3075 punct .,prepared
R3012 T3368 T3390 nsubjpass Evaluation,recorded
R3013 T3369 T3368 prep of,Evaluation
R3014 T3370 T3371 compound Colitis,Body
R3015 T3371 T3372 compound Body,weight
R3016 T3372 T3369 pobj weight,of
R3017 T3373 T3372 punct ",",weight
R3018 T3374 T3372 conj liquid,weight
R3019 T3375 T3374 cc and,liquid
R3020 T3376 T3377 compound food,consumption
R3021 T3377 T3374 conj consumption,liquid
R3022 T3378 T3377 punct ",",consumption
R3023 T3379 T3377 conj diarrhea,consumption
R3024 T3380 T3379 cc and,diarrhea
R3025 T3381 T3382 amod rectal,bleeding
R3026 T3382 T3379 conj bleeding,diarrhea
R3027 T3383 T3382 punct (,bleeding
R3028 T3384 T3382 acl detected,bleeding
R3029 T3385 T3384 agent by,detected
R3030 T3386 T3387 compound eye,inspection
R3031 T3387 T3385 pobj inspection,by
R3032 T3388 T3368 punct ),Evaluation
R3033 T3389 T3390 auxpass were,recorded
R3034 T3390 T3390 ROOT recorded,recorded
R3035 T3391 T3390 prep throughout,recorded
R3036 T3392 T3394 det the,period
R3037 T3393 T3394 compound feeding,period
R3038 T3394 T3391 pobj period,throughout
R3039 T3395 T3390 punct .,recorded
R3040 T3396 T3402 prep After,sacrificed
R3041 T3397 T3398 nummod 55,days
R3042 T3398 T3396 pobj days,After
R3043 T3399 T3402 punct ",",sacrificed
R3044 T3400 T3402 nsubjpass animals,sacrificed
R3045 T3401 T3402 auxpass were,sacrificed
R3046 T3402 T3402 ROOT sacrificed,sacrificed
R3047 T3403 T3402 agent by,sacrificed
R3048 T3404 T3405 amod cervical,dislocation
R3049 T3405 T3403 pobj dislocation,by
R3050 T3406 T3402 punct .,sacrificed
R3051 T3407 T3408 det The,length
R3052 T3408 T3413 nsubjpass length,measured
R3053 T3409 T3408 prep of,length
R3054 T3410 T3411 det the,colon
R3055 T3411 T3409 pobj colon,of
R3056 T3412 T3413 auxpass was,measured
R3057 T3413 T3413 ROOT measured,measured
R3058 T3414 T3415 mark as,described
R3059 T3415 T3413 advcl described,measured
R3060 T3416 T3415 agent by,described
R3061 T3417 T3416 pobj Okayashu,by
R3062 T3418 T3422 nmod et,]
R3063 T3419 T3422 nmod al.,]
R3064 T3420 T3422 nmod [,]
R3065 T3421 T3422 nummod 24,]
R3066 T3422 T3415 npadvmod ],described
R3067 T3423 T3413 punct .,measured
R3068 T3424 T3429 advmod Then,ligated
R3069 T3425 T3429 punct ",",ligated
R3070 T3426 T3427 det each,colon
R3071 T3427 T3429 nsubjpass colon,ligated
R3072 T3428 T3429 auxpass was,ligated
R3073 T3429 T3429 ROOT ligated,ligated
R3074 T3430 T3429 prep in,ligated
R3075 T3431 T3430 pobj sections,in
R3076 T3432 T3431 prep of,sections
R3077 T3433 T3434 nummod 2,cm
R3078 T3434 T3432 pobj cm,of
R3079 T3435 T3429 cc and,ligated
R3080 T3436 T3438 quantmod 1,2
R3081 T3437 T3438 quantmod to,2
R3082 T3438 T3439 nummod 2,ml
R3083 T3439 T3445 nsubjpass ml,infused
R3084 T3440 T3439 prep of,ml
R3085 T3441 T3442 nummod 10,%
R3086 T3442 T3443 compound %,formalin
R3087 T3443 T3440 pobj formalin,of
R3088 T3444 T3445 auxpass was,infused
R3089 T3445 T3429 conj infused,ligated
R3090 T3446 T3445 prep into,infused
R3091 T3447 T3449 det the,lumen
R3092 T3448 T3449 amod intestinal,lumen
R3093 T3449 T3446 pobj lumen,into
R3094 T3450 T3445 punct .,infused
R3095 T3451 T3454 det The,segment
R3096 T3452 T3453 advmod moderately,distended
R3097 T3453 T3454 amod distended,segment
R3098 T3454 T3455 nsubj segment,was
R3099 T3455 T3455 ROOT was,was
R3100 T3456 T3455 attr sectioned,was
R3101 T3457 T3456 cc and,sectioned
R3102 T3458 T3456 conj fixed,sectioned
R3103 T3459 T3458 prep in,fixed
R3104 T3460 T3461 nummod 10,%
R3105 T3461 T3462 compound %,formalin
R3106 T3462 T3459 pobj formalin,in
R3107 T3463 T3455 punct .,was
R3108 T3464 T3466 det The,day
R3109 T3465 T3466 amod following,day
R3110 T3466 T3472 npadvmod day,removed
R3111 T3467 T3472 punct ",",removed
R3112 T3468 T3470 det the,content
R3113 T3469 T3470 amod intestinal,content
R3114 T3470 T3472 nsubjpass content,removed
R3115 T3471 T3472 auxpass was,removed
R3116 T3472 T3472 ROOT removed,removed
R3117 T3473 T3472 agent by,removed
R3118 T3474 T3473 pobj vortexing,by
R3119 T3475 T3472 punct .,removed
R3120 T3476 T3478 det The,segment
R3121 T3477 T3478 amod fixed,segment
R3122 T3478 T3480 nsubjpass segment,kept
R3123 T3479 T3480 auxpass was,kept
R3124 T3480 T3480 ROOT kept,kept
R3125 T3481 T3480 oprd in,kept
R3126 T3482 T3483 nummod 10,%
R3127 T3483 T3484 compound %,formalin
R3128 T3484 T3481 pobj formalin,in
R3129 T3485 T3480 prep at,kept
R3130 T3486 T3487 nummod 4,°
R3131 T3487 T3488 nummod °,C
R3132 T3488 T3485 pobj C,at
R3133 T3489 T3480 prep until,kept
R3134 T3490 T3493 det the,procedure
R3135 T3491 T3492 compound paraffin,embedding
R3136 T3492 T3493 compound embedding,procedure
R3137 T3493 T3489 pobj procedure,until
R3138 T3494 T3480 punct .,kept
R3139 T3495 T3496 aux To,evaluate
R3140 T3496 T3507 advcl evaluate,opened
R3141 T3497 T3498 det the,degree
R3142 T3498 T3496 dobj degree,evaluate
R3143 T3499 T3498 prep of,degree
R3144 T3500 T3499 pobj inflammation,of
R3145 T3501 T3507 punct ",",opened
R3146 T3502 T3503 det this,segment
R3161 T3517 T3507 conj recorded,opened
R3162 T3518 T3520 mark as,described
R3163 T3519 T3520 advmod previously,described
R3164 T3520 T3517 advcl described,recorded
R3165 T3521 T3523 nmod [,]
R3166 T3522 T3523 nummod 25,]
R3167 T3523 T3520 dobj ],described
R3168 T3524 T3523 punct ",",]
R3169 T3525 T3527 nmod [,]
R3170 T3526 T3527 nummod 26,]
R3171 T3527 T3523 appos ],]
R3172 T3528 T3517 punct .,recorded
R3173 T3529 T3532 det The,staining
R3174 T3530 T3532 nmod toluidine,staining
R3175 T3531 T3532 amod blue,staining
R3176 T3532 T3534 nsubjpass staining,used
R3177 T3533 T3534 auxpass was,used
R3178 T3534 T3534 ROOT used,used
R3179 T3535 T3534 prep for,used
R3180 T3536 T3535 pobj identification,for
R3181 T3537 T3536 prep of,identification
R3182 T3538 T3539 amod sulphated,polysaccharides
R3183 T3539 T3537 pobj polysaccharides,of
R3184 T3540 T3539 prep in,polysaccharides
R3185 T3541 T3543 det the,mucosa
R3186 T3542 T3543 amod intestinal,mucosa
R3187 T3543 T3540 pobj mucosa,in
R3188 T3544 T3534 punct .,used
R3189 T3545 T3562 prep On,collected
R3190 T3546 T3547 det the,day
R3191 T3547 T3545 pobj day,On
R3192 T3548 T3547 prep of,day
R3193 T3549 T3548 pobj sacrifice,of
R3194 T3550 T3562 punct ",",collected
R3195 T3551 T3553 det a,sample
R3196 T3552 T3553 amod fresh,sample
R3197 T3553 T3562 nsubjpass sample,collected
R3198 T3554 T3553 prep of,sample
R3199 T3555 T3556 det each,colon
R3200 T3556 T3554 pobj colon,of
R3201 T3557 T3556 punct (,colon
R3202 T3558 T3559 nummod 50,mg
R3203 T3559 T3556 appos mg,colon
R3204 T3560 T3556 punct ),colon
R3205 T3561 T3562 auxpass was,collected
R3206 T3562 T3562 ROOT collected,collected
R3207 T3563 T3562 prep for,collected
R3208 T3564 T3563 pobj myeloperoxidase,for
R3209 T3565 T3566 punct (,MPO
R3210 T3566 T3564 appos MPO,myeloperoxidase
R3211 T3567 T3566 punct ),MPO
R3212 T3568 T3569 amod assay,according
R3213 T3569 T3562 prep according,collected
R3214 T3570 T3569 prep to,according
R3215 T3571 T3573 compound Krawisz,al.
R3216 T3572 T3573 nmod et,al.
R3217 T3573 T3570 pobj al.,to
R3218 T3574 T3573 punct ",",al.
R3219 T3575 T3577 nmod [,]
R3220 T3576 T3577 nummod 27,]
R3221 T3577 T3573 appos ],al.
R3222 T3578 T3562 punct .,collected
R3223 T3579 T3580 det The,level
R3224 T3580 T3589 nsubj level,indicates
R3234 T3590 T3591 det the,rate
R3235 T3591 T3589 dobj rate,indicates
R3236 T3592 T3591 prep of,rate
R3237 T3593 T3592 pobj recruitment,of
R3238 T3594 T3593 prep of,recruitment
R3239 T3595 T3594 pobj neutrophils,of
R3240 T3596 T3589 prep to,indicates
R3241 T3597 T3599 det the,mucosa
R3242 T3598 T3599 amod intestinal,mucosa
R3243 T3599 T3596 pobj mucosa,to
R3244 T3600 T3589 punct .,indicates
R3245 T3601 T3602 nummod One,unit
R3246 T3602 T3606 nsubj unit,corresponds
R3247 T3603 T3602 prep of,unit
R3248 T3604 T3605 compound MPO,activity
R3249 T3605 T3603 pobj activity,of
R3250 T3606 T3606 ROOT corresponds,corresponds
R3251 T3607 T3606 prep to,corresponds
R3252 T3608 T3609 det the,degradation
R3253 T3609 T3607 pobj degradation,to
R3254 T3610 T3609 prep of,degradation
R3255 T3611 T3612 nummod 1,µmol
R3256 T3612 T3610 pobj µmol,of
R3257 T3613 T3612 prep of,µmol
R3258 T3614 T3613 pobj peroxide,of
R3259 T3615 T3614 prep per,peroxide
R3260 T3616 T3615 pobj minute,per
R3261 T3617 T3609 prep at,degradation
R3262 T3618 T3619 nummod 25,°
R3263 T3619 T3620 nummod °,C.
R3264 T3620 T3617 pobj C.,at
R3413 T3816 T3818 compound Cell,All
R3414 T3817 T3818 compound Culture,All
R3415 T3818 T3821 det All,reagents
R3416 T3819 T3820 compound tissue,culture
R3417 T3820 T3821 compound culture,reagents
R3418 T3821 T3822 nsubj reagents,were
R3419 T3822 T3822 ROOT were,were
R3420 T3823 T3822 prep from,were
R3421 T3824 T3823 pobj Invitrogen,from
R3422 T3825 T3824 punct (,Invitrogen
R3423 T3826 T3827 compound Cergy,Pontoise
R3424 T3827 T3824 appos Pontoise,Invitrogen
R3425 T3828 T3827 punct ",",Pontoise
R3426 T3829 T3827 npadvmod France,Pontoise
R3427 T3830 T3824 punct ),Invitrogen
R3428 T3831 T3822 punct .,were
R3429 T3832 T3835 nummod THP-1,cells
R3430 T3833 T3835 amod human,cells
R3431 T3834 T3835 amod monocytic,cells
R3432 T3835 T3837 nsubjpass cells,maintained
R3433 T3836 T3837 auxpass were,maintained
R3434 T3837 T3837 ROOT maintained,maintained
R3435 T3838 T3837 prep in,maintained
R3436 T3839 T3838 pobj RPMI-1640,in
R3437 T3840 T3837 conj supplemented,maintained
R3438 T3841 T3840 prep with,supplemented
R3439 T3842 T3843 nummod 10,%
R3440 T3843 T3844 compound %,FCS
R3441 T3844 T3841 pobj FCS,with
R3442 T3845 T3844 punct ",",FCS
R3443 T3846 T3850 nummod 2,glutamine
R3444 T3847 T3850 compound mM,glutamine
R3445 T3848 T3850 compound L,glutamine
R3446 T3849 T3850 punct -,glutamine
R3447 T3850 T3844 appos glutamine,FCS
R3448 T3851 T3850 punct ",",glutamine
R3449 T3852 T3854 nummod 50,penicillin
R3450 T3853 T3854 compound U/ml,penicillin
R3451 T3854 T3862 nsubj penicillin,C
R3452 T3855 T3854 cc and,penicillin
R3453 T3856 T3857 nummod 50,mg/ml
R3454 T3857 T3858 compound mg/ml,streptomycin
R3455 T3858 T3854 conj streptomycin,penicillin
R3456 T3859 T3854 prep at,penicillin
R3457 T3860 T3861 nummod 37,°
R3458 T3861 T3859 pobj °,at
R3459 T3862 T3844 conj C,FCS
R3460 T3863 T3837 prep in,maintained
R3461 T3864 T3868 det a,incubator
R3462 T3865 T3866 nummod 5,%
R3463 T3866 T3868 nmod %,incubator
R3464 T3867 T3868 nummod CO2,incubator
R3465 T3868 T3863 pobj incubator,in
R3466 T3869 T3837 punct .,maintained
R3467 T3870 T3874 amod Human,cells
R3468 T3871 T3874 amod peripheral,cells
R3469 T3872 T3874 compound blood,cells
R3470 T3873 T3874 compound mononuclear,cells
R3471 T3874 T3876 nsubjpass cells,obtained
R3472 T3875 T3876 auxpass were,obtained
R3473 T3876 T3876 ROOT obtained,obtained
R3474 T3877 T3876 prep from,obtained
R3475 T3878 T3879 amod heparinized,blood
R3476 T3879 T3877 pobj blood,from
R3477 T3880 T3876 agent by,obtained
R3478 T3881 T3883 amod Ficoll-Hypaque,gradient
R3479 T3882 T3883 compound density,gradient
R3480 T3883 T3880 pobj gradient,by
R3481 T3884 T3876 punct .,obtained
R3482 T3885 T3888 nsubjpass Monocytes,isolated
R3483 T3886 T3888 auxpass were,isolated
R3484 T3887 T3888 advmod then,isolated
R3485 T3888 T3888 ROOT isolated,isolated
R3486 T3889 T3888 agent by,isolated
R3487 T3890 T3889 pobj adherence,by
R3488 T3891 T3890 prep to,adherence
R3489 T3892 T3893 compound culture,flasks
R3490 T3893 T3891 pobj flasks,to
R3491 T3894 T3895 mark as,described
R3492 T3895 T3888 advcl described,isolated
R3493 T3896 T3898 compound [,]
R3494 T3897 T3898 compound 28,]
R3495 T3898 T3895 dobj ],described
R3496 T3899 T3888 punct .,isolated
R3497 T3900 T3906 prep For,cultured
R3498 T3901 T3902 compound cell,aggregation
R3499 T3902 T3900 pobj aggregation,For
R3500 T3903 T3906 punct ",",cultured
R3501 T3904 T3906 nsubjpass monocytes,cultured
R3502 T3905 T3906 auxpass were,cultured
R3503 T3906 T3906 ROOT cultured,cultured
R3504 T3907 T3906 prep in,cultured
R3505 T3908 T3909 det the,presence
R3506 T3909 T3907 pobj presence,in
R3507 T3910 T3909 cc or,presence
R3508 T3911 T3909 conj absence,presence
R3509 T3912 T3911 prep of,absence
R3510 T3913 T3912 pobj C10,of
R3511 T3914 T3913 cc or,C10
R3512 T3915 T3913 conj C40,C10
R3513 T3916 T3906 prep for,cultured
R3514 T3917 T3920 nummod 72,colonies
R3515 T3918 T3920 compound h.,colonies
R3516 T3919 T3920 compound Cell,colonies
R3517 T3920 T3916 pobj colonies,for
R3518 T3921 T3922 auxpass were,monitored
R3519 T3922 T3906 conj monitored,cultured
R3520 T3923 T3922 prep under,monitored
R3521 T3924 T3928 det an,microscope
R3522 T3925 T3926 amod inverted,phase
R3523 T3926 T3928 compound phase,microscope
R3524 T3927 T3928 compound contrast,microscope
R3525 T3928 T3923 pobj microscope,under
R3526 T3929 T3928 acl coupled,microscope
R3527 T3930 T3929 prep through,coupled
R3528 T3931 T3933 det a,camera
R3529 T3932 T3933 compound video,camera
R3530 T3933 T3930 pobj camera,through
R3531 T3934 T3929 prep to,coupled
R3532 T3935 T3936 det a,computer
R3533 T3936 T3934 pobj computer,to
R3534 T3937 T3906 punct .,cultured
R3535 T3938 T3964 prep In,added
R3536 T3939 T3940 det some,wells
R3537 T3940 T3938 pobj wells,In
R3538 T3941 T3964 punct ",",added
R3539 T3942 T3964 csubj neutralizing,added
R3540 T3943 T3944 amod monoclonal,antibody
R3541 T3944 T3942 dobj antibody,neutralizing
R3542 T3945 T3942 prep to,neutralizing
R3543 T3946 T3945 pobj ICAM-1,to
R3544 T3947 T3951 punct (,ml
R3545 T3948 T3949 nummod 2.5,µg
R3546 T3949 T3951 nmod µg,ml
R3547 T3950 T3951 compound /,ml
R3548 T3951 T3946 appos ml,ICAM-1
R3549 T3952 T3946 punct ),ICAM-1
R3550 T3953 T3964 punct (,added
R3551 T3954 T3964 dep Tebu,added
R3552 T3955 T3954 punct ",",Tebu
R3553 T3956 T3957 compound Le,Perray
R3554 T3957 T3964 nsubjpass Perray,added
R3555 T3958 T3957 prep en,Perray
R3556 T3959 T3958 pobj Yvelines,en
R3557 T3960 T3959 punct ",",Yvelines
R3558 T3961 T3959 appos France,Yvelines
R3559 T3962 T3959 punct ),Yvelines
R3560 T3963 T3964 auxpass was,added
R3561 T3964 T3964 ROOT added,added
R3562 T3965 T3964 punct .,added
R3680 T4100 T4102 compound Cell,Analysis
R3681 T4101 T4102 compound Cycle,Analysis
R3682 T4102 T4104 compound Analysis,cells
R3683 T4103 T4104 compound THP-1,cells
R3684 T4104 T4110 nsubjpass cells,exposed
R3685 T4105 T4104 prep in,cells
R3686 T4106 T4108 amod exponential,phase
R3687 T4107 T4108 compound growth,phase
R3688 T4108 T4105 pobj phase,in
R3689 T4109 T4110 auxpass were,exposed
R3690 T4110 T4110 ROOT exposed,exposed
R3691 T4111 T4112 aux to,complete
R3692 T4112 T4110 xcomp complete,exposed
R3693 T4113 T4112 dobj medium,complete
R3694 T4114 T4112 prep in,complete
R3695 T4115 T4116 det the,presence
R3696 T4116 T4114 pobj presence,in
R3697 T4117 T4116 cc or,presence
R3698 T4118 T4116 conj absence,presence
R3699 T4119 T4118 prep of,absence
R3700 T4120 T4119 pobj carrageenans,of
R3701 T4121 T4112 prep for,complete
R3702 T4122 T4123 nummod 24,h
R3703 T4123 T4121 pobj h,for
R3704 T4124 T4112 prep before,complete
R3705 T4125 T4126 auxpass being,stained
R3706 T4126 T4124 pcomp stained,before
R3707 T4127 T4126 prep with,stained
R3708 T4128 T4129 compound propidium,iodide
R3709 T4129 T4127 pobj iodide,with
R3710 T4130 T4124 pcomp using,before
R3711 T4131 T4134 det the,kit
R3712 T4132 T4133 compound DNA-Prep,Coulter
R3713 T4133 T4134 compound Coulter,kit
R3714 T4134 T4130 dobj kit,using
R3715 T4135 T4110 prep according,exposed
R3716 T4136 T4135 prep to,according
R3717 T4137 T4138 det the,manufacturer
R3718 T4138 T4140 poss manufacturer,instruction
R3719 T4139 T4138 case 's,manufacturer
R3720 T4140 T4136 pobj instruction,to
R3721 T4141 T4142 punct (,Beckman-Coulter
R3722 T4142 T4140 appos Beckman-Coulter,instruction
R3723 T4143 T4142 punct ",",Beckman-Coulter
R3724 T4144 T4142 conj Villepinte,Beckman-Coulter
R3725 T4145 T4144 punct ",",Villepinte
R3726 T4146 T4144 conj France,Villepinte
R3727 T4147 T4110 punct ),exposed
R3728 T4148 T4110 punct .,exposed
R3729 T4149 T4150 compound Cell,DNA
R3730 T4150 T4151 compound DNA,content
R3731 T4151 T4154 nsubjpass content,analyzed
R3732 T4152 T4154 auxpass was,analyzed
R3733 T4153 T4154 advmod then,analyzed
R3734 T4154 T4154 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R3735 T4155 T4154 agent by,analyzed
R3736 T4156 T4157 compound flow,cytometry
R3737 T4157 T4155 pobj cytometry,by
R3738 T4158 T4154 advcl using,analyzed
R3739 T4159 T4161 det an,XL2
R3740 T4160 T4161 compound EPICS,XL2
R3741 T4161 T4158 dobj XL2,using
R3742 T4162 T4163 punct (,Beckman-Coulter
R3743 T4163 T4161 appos Beckman-Coulter,XL2
R3744 T4164 T4161 punct ),XL2
R3745 T4165 T4154 punct .,analyzed
R3746 T4166 T4167 amod Raw,data
R3747 T4167 T4182 nsubjpass data,expressed
R3748 T4168 T4167 prep for,data
R3749 T4169 T4170 det the,distribution
R3750 T4170 T4168 pobj distribution,for
R3751 T4171 T4170 prep of,distribution
R3752 T4172 T4173 compound DNA,content
R3753 T4173 T4171 pobj content,of
R3754 T4174 T4173 prep of,content
R3755 T4175 T4176 nummod "30,000",cells
R3756 T4176 T4174 pobj cells,of
R3757 T4177 T4170 acl retrieved,distribution
R3758 T4178 T4177 prep from,retrieved
R3759 T4179 T4180 det the,cytometer
R3760 T4180 T4178 pobj cytometer,from
R3761 T4181 T4182 auxpass were,expressed
R3762 T4182 T4182 ROOT expressed,expressed
R3763 T4183 T4182 prep as,expressed
R3764 T4184 T4185 det the,percentage
R3765 T4185 T4183 pobj percentage,as
R3766 T4186 T4185 prep of,percentage
R3767 T4187 T4186 pobj G0/G1,of
R3768 T4188 T4182 prep through,expressed
R3769 T4189 T4190 compound G2/M,populations
R3770 T4190 T4188 pobj populations,through
R3771 T4191 T4182 punct .,expressed
R3772 T4192 T4194 amod Multicycle,software
R3773 T4193 T4194 compound AV,software
R3774 T4194 T4206 nsubjpass software,used
R3775 T4195 T4198 punct (,Systems
R3776 T4196 T4198 compound Phoenix,Systems
R3777 T4197 T4198 compound Flow,Systems
R3778 T4198 T4194 appos Systems,software
R3779 T4199 T4198 punct ",",Systems
R3780 T4200 T4201 compound San,Diego
R3781 T4201 T4198 npadvmod Diego,Systems
R3782 T4202 T4201 punct ",",Diego
R3783 T4203 T4201 conj CA,Diego
R3784 T4204 T4198 punct ),Systems
R3785 T4205 T4206 auxpass was,used
R3786 T4206 T4206 ROOT used,used
R3787 T4207 T4208 aux to,generate
R3788 T4208 T4206 xcomp generate,used
R3789 T4209 T4212 compound DNA,histograms
R3790 T4210 T4211 amod content,frequency
R3791 T4211 T4212 compound frequency,histograms
R3792 T4212 T4208 dobj histograms,generate
R3793 T4213 T4208 cc and,generate
R3794 T4214 T4208 conj facilitate,generate
R3795 T4215 T4216 compound data,analysis
R3796 T4216 T4214 dobj analysis,facilitate
R3797 T4217 T4206 punct .,used
R3936 T4382 T4384 compound Cell,Antigen
R3937 T4383 T4384 compound Surface,Antigen
R3938 T4384 T4389 compound Antigen,Monocytes
R3939 T4385 T4386 compound Expression,Analysis
R3953 T4399 T4400 det the,presence
R3954 T4400 T4398 pobj presence,in
R3955 T4401 T4400 cc or,presence
R3956 T4402 T4400 conj absence,presence
R3957 T4403 T4402 prep of,absence
R3958 T4404 T4403 pobj carrageenan,of
R3959 T4405 T4396 prep for,complete
R3960 T4406 T4407 nummod 36,h
R3961 T4407 T4405 pobj h,for
R3962 T4408 T4394 punct .,exposed
R3963 T4409 T4423 prep After,incubated
R3964 T4410 T4411 nummod two,washes
R3965 T4411 T4409 pobj washes,After
R3966 T4412 T4411 prep in,washes
R3967 T4413 T4412 pobj PBS,in
R3968 T4414 T4411 prep without,washes
R3969 T4415 T4416 compound Ca2,+
R3970 T4416 T4414 pobj +,without
R3971 T4417 T4416 cc and,+
R3972 T4418 T4419 compound Mg2,+
R3973 T4419 T4416 conj +,+
R3974 T4420 T4423 punct ",",incubated
R3975 T4421 T4423 nsubjpass cells,incubated
R3976 T4422 T4423 auxpass were,incubated
R3977 T4423 T4423 ROOT incubated,incubated
R3978 T4424 T4423 prep in,incubated
R3979 T4425 T4424 pobj PBS,in
R3980 T4426 T4423 advcl containing,incubated
R3981 T4427 T4428 nummod 0.1,%
R3982 T4428 T4429 compound %,gelatin
R3983 T4429 T4426 dobj gelatin,containing
R3984 T4430 T4429 cc and,gelatin
R3985 T4431 T4432 nummod 8,%
R3986 T4432 T4429 conj %,gelatin
R3987 T4433 T4435 nmod AB,serum
R3988 T4434 T4435 amod human,serum
R3989 T4435 T4429 conj serum,gelatin
R3990 T4436 T4437 aux to,prevent
R3991 T4437 T4435 relcl prevent,serum
R3992 T4438 T4437 advmod binding,prevent
R3993 T4439 T4438 prep to,binding
R3994 T4440 T4441 compound Fc,receptors
R3995 T4441 T4439 pobj receptors,to
R3996 T4442 T4423 punct .,incubated
R3997 T4443 T4450 advmod Then,incubated
R3998 T4444 T4450 punct ",",incubated
R3999 T4445 T4448 nummod 5,cells
R4000 T4446 T4448 nmod ×,cells
R4001 T4447 T4448 nummod 105,cells
R4002 T4448 T4450 nsubjpass cells,incubated
R4003 T4449 T4450 auxpass were,incubated
R4004 T4450 T4450 ROOT incubated,incubated
R4005 T4451 T4450 prep with,incubated
R4006 T4452 T4453 amod primary,antibodies
R4007 T4453 T4451 pobj antibodies,with
R4008 T4454 T4450 prep at,incubated
R4009 T4455 T4456 nummod 4,°
R4010 T4456 T4454 pobj °,at
R4011 T4457 T4450 conj C,incubated
R4012 T4458 T4457 prep for,C
R4013 T4459 T4460 nummod 30,min
R4014 T4460 T4458 pobj min,for
R4015 T4461 T4450 punct .,incubated
R4016 T4462 T4464 nummod Two,washes
R4017 T4463 T4464 amod other,washes
R4018 T4464 T4467 nsubj washes,preceded
R4019 T4465 T4464 prep in,washes
R4020 T4466 T4465 pobj PBS,in
R4021 T4467 T4467 ROOT preceded,preceded
R4022 T4468 T4467 dobj incubation,preceded
R4023 T4469 T4467 prep with,preceded
R4024 T4470 T4475 advmod FITC-conjugated,diluted
R4025 T4471 T4472 compound goat,antibody
R4026 T4472 T4475 nsubj antibody,diluted
R4027 T4473 T4474 compound anti-mouse,IgG
R4028 T4474 T4472 appos IgG,antibody
R4029 T4475 T4469 pcomp diluted,with
R4030 T4476 T4475 dobj 1/1000,diluted
R4031 T4477 T4475 prep at,diluted
R4032 T4478 T4479 nummod 4,°
R4033 T4479 T4477 pobj °,at
R4034 T4480 T4475 npadvmod C,diluted
R4035 T4481 T4475 prep for,diluted
R4036 T4482 T4483 nummod 30,min
R4037 T4483 T4481 pobj min,for
R4038 T4484 T4483 punct (,min
R4039 T4485 T4483 appos Tebu,min
R4040 T4486 T4483 punct ),min
R4041 T4487 T4467 punct .,preceded
R4042 T4488 T4498 mark After,performed
R4043 T4489 T4491 nummod two,washes
R4044 T4490 T4491 amod additional,washes
R4045 T4491 T4488 pobj washes,After
R4046 T4492 T4491 punct ",",washes
R4047 T4493 T4491 conj analysis,washes
R4048 T4494 T4493 prep of,analysis
R4049 T4495 T4496 amod stained,cells
R4050 T4496 T4494 pobj cells,of
R4051 T4497 T4498 auxpass was,performed
R4052 T4498 T4498 ROOT performed,performed
R4053 T4499 T4498 prep on,performed
R4054 T4500 T4502 det an,XL2
R4055 T4501 T4502 compound EPICS,XL2
R4056 T4502 T4499 pobj XL2,on
R4057 T4503 T4502 punct (,XL2
R4058 T4504 T4502 appos Beckman-Coulter,XL2
R4059 T4505 T4502 punct ),XL2
R4060 T4506 T4498 punct .,performed
R4061 T4507 T4509 det The,population
R4062 T4508 T4509 compound cell,population
R4063 T4509 T4511 nsubjpass population,gated
R4064 T4510 T4511 auxpass was,gated
R4065 T4511 T4511 ROOT gated,gated
R4066 T4512 T4511 prep according,gated
R4067 T4513 T4512 prep to,according
R4068 T4514 T4519 poss its,scattering
R4069 T4515 T4519 amod forward,scattering
R4070 T4516 T4515 cc and,forward
R4071 T4517 T4515 conj wide-angle,forward
R4072 T4518 T4519 amod light,scattering
R4073 T4519 T4513 pobj scattering,to
R4074 T4520 T4511 punct .,gated
R4075 T4521 T4523 nsubjpass Data,expressed
R4076 T4522 T4523 auxpass were,expressed
R4077 T4523 T4523 ROOT expressed,expressed
R4078 T4524 T4523 prep as,expressed
R4079 T4525 T4528 amod mean,intensity
R4080 T4526 T4528 amod relative,intensity
R4081 T4527 T4528 compound fluorescence,intensity
R4082 T4528 T4524 pobj intensity,as
R4083 T4529 T4530 punct (,MFI
R4084 T4530 T4528 appos MFI,intensity
R4085 T4531 T4530 punct ),MFI
R4086 T4532 T4528 prep of,intensity
R4087 T4533 T4534 nummod 3000,cells
R4088 T4534 T4532 pobj cells,of
R4089 T4535 T4523 punct .,expressed
R4150 T4648 T4651 compound TNF,Monocytes
R4151 T4649 T4651 compound Activity,Monocytes
R4152 T4650 T4651 compound Bioassay,Monocytes
R4153 T4651 T4656 nsubjpass Monocytes,cultured
R4154 T4652 T4651 cc or,Monocytes
R4155 T4653 T4654 nummod THP-1,cells
R4156 T4654 T4651 conj cells,Monocytes
R4157 T4655 T4656 auxpass were,cultured
R4158 T4656 T4656 ROOT cultured,cultured
R4159 T4657 T4656 prep with,cultured
R4160 T4658 T4657 cc or,with
R4161 T4659 T4657 conj without,with
R4162 T4660 T4661 amod different,concentrations
R4163 T4661 T4659 pobj concentrations,without
R4164 T4662 T4661 prep of,concentrations
R4165 T4663 T4662 pobj CGNs,of
R4166 T4664 T4663 cc or,CGNs
R4167 T4665 T4663 conj LPS,CGNs
R4168 T4666 T4668 punct (,typhosa
R4169 T4667 T4668 compound Salmonella,typhosa
R4170 T4668 T4665 appos typhosa,LPS
R4171 T4669 T4668 punct ",",typhosa
R4172 T4670 T4668 npadvmod Sigma,typhosa
R4173 T4671 T4668 punct ),typhosa
R4174 T4672 T4665 prep for,LPS
R4175 T4673 T4674 nummod 24,h
R4176 T4674 T4672 pobj h,for
R4177 T4675 T4674 cc or,h
R4178 T4676 T4678 det the,time
R4179 T4677 T4678 amod indicated,time
R4180 T4678 T4674 conj time,h
R4181 T4679 T4656 punct .,cultured
R4182 T4680 T4684 advmod Biologically,β
R4183 T4681 T4684 amod active,β
R4184 T4682 T4684 compound TNF-α,β
R4185 T4683 T4684 compound /,β
R4186 T4684 T4690 nsubjpass β,measured
R4187 T4685 T4684 prep in,β
R4188 T4686 T4687 compound tissue,culture
R4189 T4687 T4685 pobj culture,in
R4190 T4688 T4690 nsubjpass supernatant,measured
R4191 T4689 T4690 auxpass was,measured
R4192 T4690 T4690 ROOT measured,measured
R4193 T4691 T4690 advcl using,measured
R4194 T4692 T4698 det the,assay
R4195 T4693 T4696 nmod WEHI,13-cell
R4196 T4694 T4693 nummod 164,WEHI
R4197 T4695 T4696 compound clone,13-cell
R4198 T4696 T4698 compound 13-cell,assay
R4199 T4697 T4698 compound killing,assay
R4200 T4698 T4691 dobj assay,using
R4201 T4699 T4701 nmod [,]
R4202 T4700 T4701 nummod 29,]
R4203 T4701 T4698 appos ],assay
R4204 T4702 T4690 punct .,measured
R4205 T4703 T4704 compound TNF,concentrations
R4206 T4704 T4706 nsubjpass concentrations,expressed
R4207 T4705 T4706 auxpass are,expressed
R4208 T4706 T4706 ROOT expressed,expressed
R4209 T4707 T4706 prep as,expressed
R4210 T4708 T4707 pobj pg/ml,as
R4211 T4709 T4706 punct .,expressed
R4414 T4951 T4952 compound RT-PCR,Analysis
R4415 T4952 T4958 nsubjpass Analysis,isolated
R4416 T4953 T4954 compound Total,RNA
R4417 T4954 T4952 appos RNA,Analysis
R4418 T4955 T4954 prep from,RNA
R4419 T4956 T4955 pobj monocytes,from
R4420 T4957 T4958 auxpass was,isolated
R4421 T4958 T4958 ROOT isolated,isolated
R4422 T4959 T4958 advcl using,isolated
R4423 T4960 T4962 compound TRIzol,™
R4424 T4961 T4962 compound Reagent,™
R4425 T4962 T4959 dobj ™,using
R4426 T4963 T4964 punct (,Invitrogen
R4427 T4964 T4962 appos Invitrogen,™
R4428 T4965 T4962 punct ),™
R4429 T4966 T4958 punct .,isolated
R4430 T4967 T4969 nsubjpass cDNA,generated
R4431 T4968 T4969 auxpass was,generated
R4432 T4969 T4969 ROOT generated,generated
R4433 T4970 T4969 prep on,generated
R4434 T4971 T4972 nummod 1,µg
R4435 T4972 T4970 pobj µg,on
R4436 T4973 T4972 prep of,µg
R4437 T4974 T4975 amod total,RNA
R4438 T4975 T4973 pobj RNA,of
R4439 T4976 T4969 prep in,generated
R4440 T4977 T4979 det a,volume
R4441 T4978 T4979 compound reaction,volume
R4442 T4979 T4976 pobj volume,in
R4443 T4980 T4979 prep of,volume
R4444 T4981 T4982 nummod 20,µl
R4445 T4982 T4980 pobj µl,of
R4446 T4983 T4969 punct ",",generated
R4447 T4984 T4969 advcl using,generated
R4448 T4985 T4986 compound M-MLV,reverse
R4449 T4986 T4984 dobj reverse,using
R4450 T4987 T4986 npadvmod transcriptase,reverse
R4451 T4988 T4987 punct (,transcriptase
R4452 T4989 T4987 appos Invitrogen,transcriptase
R4453 T4990 T4987 punct ),transcriptase
R4454 T4991 T4969 punct .,generated
R4455 T4992 T4994 nsubjpass PCR,done
R4456 T4993 T4994 auxpass was,done
R4457 T4994 T4994 ROOT done,done
R4458 T4995 T4994 prep in,done
R4459 T4996 T4998 det the,range
R4460 T4997 T4998 amod linear,range
R4461 T4998 T4995 pobj range,in
R4462 T4999 T4998 prep of,range
R4463 T5000 T4999 pobj amplification,of
R4464 T5001 T4998 punct (,range
R4465 T5002 T4994 conj determined,done
R4466 T5003 T5002 prep for,determined
R4467 T5004 T5007 det each,combination
R4468 T5005 T5006 compound primer,pair-cDNA
R4469 T5006 T5007 compound pair-cDNA,combination
R4470 T5007 T5003 pobj combination,for
R4471 T5008 T5002 punct ),determined
R4472 T5009 T4994 punct .,done
R4473 T5010 T5012 amod Standard,reactions
R4474 T5011 T5012 compound PCR,reactions
R4475 T5012 T5014 nsubjpass reactions,performed
R4476 T5013 T5014 auxpass were,performed
R4477 T5014 T5014 ROOT performed,performed
R4478 T5015 T5014 prep with,performed
R4479 T5016 T5017 nummod 1,µl
R4480 T5017 T5015 pobj µl,with
R4481 T5018 T5017 prep of,µl
R4482 T5019 T5021 det the,solution
R4483 T5020 T5021 compound cDNA,solution
R4484 T5021 T5018 pobj solution,of
R4485 T5022 T5021 punct ",",solution
R4486 T5023 T5024 nummod 50,µM
R4487 T5024 T5021 appos µM,solution
R4488 T5025 T5024 prep of,µM
R4489 T5026 T5028 det each,solution
R4490 T5027 T5028 compound primer,solution
R4491 T5028 T5025 pobj solution,of
R4492 T5029 T5024 punct ",",µM
R4493 T5030 T5031 nummod 10,mM
R4494 T5031 T5024 appos mM,µM
R4495 T5032 T5031 prep of,mM
R4496 T5033 T5034 det each,dNTP
R4497 T5034 T5032 pobj dNTP,of
R4498 T5035 T5024 punct ",",µM
R4499 T5036 T5038 nummod 25,MgCl2
R4500 T5037 T5038 compound mM,MgCl2
R4501 T5038 T5024 appos MgCl2,µM
R4502 T5039 T5038 punct ",",MgCl2
R4503 T5040 T5042 compound 10X,DNA
R4504 T5041 T5042 compound Goldstar,DNA
R4505 T5042 T5045 compound DNA,buffer
R4506 T5043 T5045 compound polymerase,buffer
R4507 T5044 T5045 compound reaction,buffer
R4508 T5045 T5038 appos buffer,MgCl2
R4509 T5046 T5038 punct ",",MgCl2
R4510 T5047 T5038 cc and,MgCl2
R4511 T5048 T5049 nummod 0.5,units
R4512 T5049 T5024 appos units,µM
R4513 T5050 T5049 prep of,units
R4514 T5051 T5053 compound Goldstar,polymerase
R4515 T5052 T5053 compound DNA,polymerase
R4516 T5053 T5050 pobj polymerase,of
R4517 T5054 T5055 punct (,Eurogentec
R4518 T5055 T5053 appos Eurogentec,polymerase
R4519 T5056 T5055 punct ",",Eurogentec
R4520 T5057 T5055 conj Seraing,Eurogentec
R4521 T5058 T5057 punct ",",Seraing
R4522 T5059 T5057 conj Belgium,Seraing
R4523 T5060 T5024 punct ),µM
R4524 T5061 T5014 punct .,performed
R4525 T5062 T5064 amod First,cycle
R4526 T5063 T5064 compound PCR,cycle
R4527 T5064 T5065 nsubj cycle,consisted
R4528 T5065 T5092 ccomp consisted,consisted
R4529 T5066 T5065 prep of,consisted
R4530 T5067 T5068 nummod 1,min
R4531 T5068 T5066 pobj min,of
R4532 T5069 T5065 prep at,consisted
R4533 T5070 T5071 nummod 92,°
R4534 T5071 T5069 pobj °,at
R4535 T5072 T5065 npadvmod C,consisted
R4536 T5073 T5072 punct ",",C
R4537 T5074 T5075 nummod 1,min
R4538 T5075 T5072 appos min,C
R4539 T5076 T5075 prep at,min
R4540 T5077 T5078 nummod 58,°
R4541 T5078 T5079 nummod °,C
R4542 T5079 T5076 pobj C,at
R4543 T5080 T5075 cc and,min
R4544 T5081 T5082 nummod 1,min
R4545 T5082 T5075 conj min,min
R4546 T5083 T5082 prep at,min
R4547 T5084 T5085 nummod 72,°
R4548 T5085 T5086 nummod °,C
R4549 T5086 T5083 pobj C,at
R4550 T5087 T5092 punct ;,consisted
R4551 T5088 T5092 advmod then,consisted
R4552 T5089 T5091 det each,cycle
R4553 T5090 T5091 compound PCR,cycle
R4554 T5091 T5092 nsubj cycle,consisted
R4555 T5092 T5092 ROOT consisted,consisted
R4556 T5093 T5092 prep of,consisted
R4557 T5094 T5095 nummod 40,sec
R4558 T5095 T5093 pobj sec,of
R4559 T5096 T5092 prep at,consisted
R4560 T5097 T5098 nummod 92,°
R4561 T5098 T5096 pobj °,at
R4562 T5099 T5092 dobj C,consisted
R4563 T5100 T5099 punct ",",C
R4564 T5101 T5102 nummod 40,sec
R4565 T5102 T5099 appos sec,C
R4566 T5103 T5102 prep at,sec
R4567 T5104 T5105 nummod 58,°
R4568 T5105 T5106 nummod °,C
R4569 T5106 T5103 pobj C,at
R4570 T5107 T5102 cc and,sec
R4571 T5108 T5109 nummod 50,sec
R4572 T5109 T5102 conj sec,sec
R4573 T5110 T5109 prep at,sec
R4574 T5111 T5112 nummod 72,°
R4575 T5112 T5114 nummod °,cDNA
R4576 T5113 T5114 compound C.,cDNA
R4577 T5114 T5110 pobj cDNA,at
R4578 T5115 T5109 prep for,sec
R4579 T5116 T5115 pobj β-actin,for
R4580 T5117 T5118 auxpass was,amplified
R4581 T5118 T5092 conj amplified,consisted
R4582 T5119 T5118 prep for,amplified
R4583 T5120 T5121 nummod 28,cycles
R4584 T5121 T5119 pobj cycles,for
R4585 T5122 T5118 advcl using,amplified
R4586 T5123 T5124 det the,oligos
R4587 T5124 T5122 dobj oligos,using
R4588 T5125 T5124 punct :,oligos
R4589 T5126 T5124 appos sense,oligos
R4590 T5127 T5131 nummod 5,′
R4591 T5128 T5130 punct ′,GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3
R4592 T5129 T5130 punct -,GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3
R4593 T5130 T5131 compound GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3,′
R4594 T5131 T5124 appos ′,oligos
R4595 T5132 T5131 cc and,′
R4596 T5133 T5131 conj antisense,′
R4597 T5134 T5133 nummod 5,antisense
R4598 T5135 T5137 nummod ′,′
R4599 T5136 T5137 compound GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3,′
R4600 T5137 T5133 appos ′,antisense
R4601 T5138 T5092 punct .,consisted
R4602 T5139 T5143 nsubjpass cDNA,amplified
R4603 T5140 T5139 prep for,cDNA
R4604 T5141 T5140 pobj TNF-α,for
R4605 T5142 T5143 auxpass was,amplified
R4606 T5143 T5143 ROOT amplified,amplified
R4607 T5144 T5143 prep for,amplified
R4608 T5145 T5146 nummod 35,cycles
R4609 T5146 T5144 pobj cycles,for
R4610 T5147 T5143 advcl using,amplified
R4611 T5148 T5149 det the,oligos
R4612 T5149 T5147 dobj oligos,using
R4613 T5150 T5149 punct :,oligos
R4614 T5151 T5149 appos sense,oligos
R4615 T5152 T5155 nummod 5,AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3
R4616 T5153 T5155 punct ′,AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3
R4617 T5154 T5155 punct -,AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3
R4618 T5155 T5156 compound AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3,′
R4619 T5156 T5149 appos ′,oligos
R4620 T5157 T5156 cc and,′
R4621 T5158 T5163 nmod antisense,′
R4622 T5159 T5158 nummod 5,antisense
R4623 T5160 T5162 punct ′,CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3
R4624 T5161 T5162 punct -,CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3
R4637 T5174 T5176 det the,sense
R4638 T5175 T5176 nsubj oligos,sense
R4639 T5176 T5173 dobj sense,using
R4640 T5177 T5181 nummod 5,′
R4641 T5178 T5180 punct ′,GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3
R4642 T5179 T5180 punct -,GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3
R4643 T5180 T5181 compound GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3,′
R4644 T5181 T5176 appos ′,sense
R4645 T5182 T5181 cc and,′
R4646 T5183 T5181 conj antisense,′
R4647 T5184 T5183 nummod 5,antisense
R4648 T5185 T5189 punct ′,′
R4649 T5186 T5189 punct -,′
R4650 T5187 T5189 det A,′
R4651 T5188 T5189 amod TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3,′
R4652 T5189 T5181 appos ′,′
R4653 T5190 T5169 punct .,amplified
R4748 T5335 T5337 compound NF-kB,Reporter
R4749 T5336 T5337 compound Transcription,Reporter
R4750 T5337 T5363 nsubj Reporter,contains
R4751 T5338 T5339 compound Gene,Assay
R4752 T5339 T5340 compound Assay,The
R4753 T5340 T5342 det The,3XMHC-luc
R4754 T5341 T5342 compound plasmid,3XMHC-luc
R4755 T5342 T5363 nsubj 3XMHC-luc,contains
R4756 T5343 T5346 punct (,gift
R4757 T5344 T5346 det a,gift
R4758 T5345 T5346 amod generous,gift
R4759 T5346 T5342 appos gift,3XMHC-luc
R4760 T5347 T5346 prep from,gift
R4761 T5348 T5350 compound Drs.,Westwick
R4762 T5349 T5350 compound J.,Westwick
R4763 T5350 T5347 pobj Westwick,from
R4764 T5351 T5350 cc and,Westwick
R4765 T5352 T5353 compound D.A.,Brenner
R4766 T5353 T5350 conj Brenner,Westwick
R4767 T5354 T5353 punct ",",Brenner
R4768 T5355 T5353 appos University,Brenner
R4769 T5356 T5355 prep of,University
R4770 T5357 T5358 compound North,Carolina
R4771 T5358 T5356 pobj Carolina,of
R4772 T5359 T5353 punct ",",Brenner
R4773 T5360 T5361 compound Chapel,Hill
R4774 T5361 T5353 appos Hill,Brenner
R4775 T5362 T5353 punct ),Brenner
R4776 T5363 T5363 ROOT contains,contains
R4777 T5364 T5365 nummod three,copies
R4778 T5365 T5363 dobj copies,contains
R4779 T5366 T5365 prep of,copies
R4780 T5367 T5368 amod NF-κB-responsive,element
R4781 T5368 T5366 pobj element,of
R4782 T5369 T5368 prep from,element
R4783 T5370 T5372 det the,class
R4784 T5371 T5372 compound MHC,class
R4785 T5372 T5369 pobj class,from
R4786 T5373 T5374 compound I,locus
R4787 T5374 T5366 pobj locus,of
R4788 T5375 T5365 punct ",",copies
R4789 T5376 T5365 acl placed,copies
R4790 T5377 T5376 advmod upstream,placed
R4791 T5378 T5377 prep of,upstream
R4792 T5379 T5381 det the,gene
R4793 T5380 T5381 compound luciferase,gene
R4794 T5381 T5378 pobj gene,of
R4795 T5382 T5363 punct .,contains
R4796 T5383 T5386 amod Human,cells
R4797 T5384 T5386 amod monocytic,cells
R4798 T5385 T5386 compound THP-1,cells
R4799 T5386 T5389 nsubjpass cells,transfected
R4800 T5387 T5389 auxpass were,transfected
R4801 T5388 T5389 advmod transiently,transfected
R4802 T5389 T5389 ROOT transfected,transfected
R4803 T5390 T5392 mark as,described
R4804 T5391 T5392 advmod previously,described
R4805 T5392 T5389 advcl described,transfected
R4806 T5393 T5395 compound [,]
R4807 T5394 T5395 compound 30,]
R4808 T5395 T5392 dobj ],described
R4809 T5396 T5389 punct ",",transfected
R4810 T5397 T5389 cc and,transfected
R4811 T5398 T5399 advmod then,cultured
R4812 T5399 T5389 conj cultured,transfected
R4813 T5400 T5399 prep for,cultured
R4814 T5401 T5402 nummod 4,h
R4815 T5402 T5400 pobj h,for
R4816 T5403 T5402 advmod alone,h
R4817 T5404 T5400 cc or,for
R4818 T5405 T5400 conj with,for
R4819 T5406 T5407 amod increasing,concentration
R4820 T5407 T5405 pobj concentration,with
R4821 T5408 T5407 prep of,concentration
R4822 T5409 T5410 det either,C10
R4823 T5410 T5408 pobj C10,of
R4824 T5411 T5410 cc or,C10
R4825 T5412 T5410 conj C40,C10
R4826 T5413 T5389 punct .,transfected
R4827 T5414 T5415 amod Luciferase,activity
R4828 T5415 T5417 nsubjpass activity,determined
R4829 T5416 T5417 auxpass was,determined
R4830 T5417 T5417 ROOT determined,determined
R4831 T5418 T5417 advcl using,determined
R4832 T5419 T5420 det a,luminometer
R4833 T5420 T5418 dobj luminometer,using
R4834 T5421 T5420 punct (,luminometer
R4835 T5422 T5420 appos Monolight,luminometer
R4836 T5423 T5424 nummod 2010,Luminometer
R4837 T5424 T5424 ROOT Luminometer,Luminometer
R4838 T5425 T5424 punct ",",Luminometer
R4839 T5426 T5427 compound Ann,Arbor
R4840 T5427 T5424 conj Arbor,Luminometer
R4841 T5428 T5427 punct ",",Arbor
R4842 T5429 T5427 conj MI,Arbor
R4843 T5430 T5422 punct ),Monolight
R4844 T5431 T5417 punct .,determined
R5294 T5933 T5937 amod Western,cells
R5295 T5934 T5936 compound Blot,THP-1
R5296 T5935 T5936 compound Analysis,THP-1
R5297 T5936 T5937 compound THP-1,cells
R5298 T5937 T5939 nsubjpass cells,stimulated
R5299 T5938 T5939 auxpass were,stimulated
R5300 T5939 T5939 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R5301 T5940 T5939 prep for,stimulated
R5302 T5941 T5942 amod various,lengths
R5303 T5942 T5940 pobj lengths,for
R5304 T5943 T5942 prep of,lengths
R5305 T5944 T5943 pobj time,of
R5306 T5945 T5942 prep with,lengths
R5307 T5946 T5947 nummod 0.1,mg/ml
R5308 T5947 T5945 pobj mg/ml,with
R5309 T5948 T5947 nummod C10,mg/ml
R5310 T5949 T5948 cc or,C10
R5311 T5950 T5948 conj C40,C10
R5312 T5951 T5950 punct ",",C40
R5313 T5952 T5950 cc or,C40
R5314 T5953 T5954 nummod 10,µg
R5315 T5954 T5957 compound µg,LPS
R5316 T5955 T5957 compound /,LPS
R5317 T5956 T5957 compound ml,LPS
R5318 T5957 T5950 conj LPS,C40
R5319 T5958 T5939 punct .,stimulated
R5320 T5959 T5962 nsubjpass Cells,pelleted
R5321 T5960 T5962 auxpass were,pelleted
R5322 T5961 T5962 advmod then,pelleted
R5323 T5962 T5962 ROOT pelleted,pelleted
R5324 T5963 T5962 punct ",",pelleted
R5325 T5964 T5962 conj washed,pelleted
R5326 T5965 T5964 cc and,washed
R5327 T5966 T5964 conj homogenised,washed
R5328 T5967 T5966 prep in,homogenised
R5329 T5968 T5969 compound lysis,buffer
R5330 T5969 T5967 pobj buffer,in
R5331 T5970 T5973 punct (,Hepes
R5332 T5971 T5973 nummod 10,Hepes
R5333 T5972 T5973 compound mM,Hepes
R5334 T5973 T5966 appos Hepes,homogenised
R5335 T5974 T5973 punct ",",Hepes
R5336 T5975 T5973 conj pH,Hepes
R5337 T5976 T5975 nummod 7.9,pH
R5338 T5977 T5975 punct ",",pH
R5339 T5978 T5980 nummod 150,NaCl
R5340 T5979 T5980 compound mM,NaCl
R5341 T5980 T5975 conj NaCl,pH
R5342 T5981 T5980 punct ",",NaCl
R5343 T5982 T5984 nummod 1,EDTA
R5344 T5983 T5984 compound mM,EDTA
R5345 T5984 T5980 conj EDTA,NaCl
R5346 T5985 T5984 punct ",",EDTA
R5347 T5986 T5987 nummod 0.6,%
R5348 T5987 T5988 compound %,NP-40
R5349 T5988 T5984 conj NP-40,EDTA
R5350 T5989 T5988 punct ",",NP-40
R5351 T5990 T5988 cc and,NP-40
R5352 T5991 T5993 nummod 0.5,PMSF
R5353 T5992 T5993 compound mM,PMSF
R5354 T5993 T5988 conj PMSF,NP-40
R5355 T5994 T5993 punct ),PMSF
R5356 T5995 T5988 prep on,NP-40
R5357 T5996 T5995 pobj ice,on
R5358 T5997 T5962 punct .,pelleted
R5359 T5998 T6000 nsubjpass Homogenates,sonicated
R5360 T5999 T6000 auxpass were,sonicated
R5361 T6000 T6000 ROOT sonicated,sonicated
R5362 T6001 T6000 punct ",",sonicated
R5363 T6002 T6000 conj centrifuged,sonicated
R5364 T6003 T6002 prep at,centrifuged
R5365 T6004 T6005 nummod "10,000",rpm
R5366 T6005 T6003 pobj rpm,at
R5367 T6006 T6007 aux to,remove
R5368 T6007 T6002 advcl remove,centrifuged
R5369 T6008 T6009 amod cellular,debris
R5370 T6009 T6007 dobj debris,remove
R5371 T6010 T6007 punct ",",remove
R5372 T6011 T6007 cc and,remove
R5373 T6012 T6013 amod supernatant,collected
R5374 T6013 T6002 conj collected,centrifuged
R5375 T6014 T6000 punct .,sonicated
R5376 T6015 T6016 compound Protein,concentration
R5377 T6016 T6018 nsubjpass concentration,determined
R5378 T6017 T6018 auxpass was,determined
R5379 T6018 T6018 ROOT determined,determined
R5380 T6019 T6018 advcl using,determined
R5381 T6020 T6023 det the,Assay
R5382 T6021 T6023 compound DC,Assay
R5383 T6022 T6023 compound Protein,Assay
R5384 T6023 T6019 dobj Assay,using
R5385 T6024 T6023 punct (,Assay
R5386 T6025 T6023 appos Bio-Rad,Assay
R5387 T6026 T6023 punct ),Assay
R5388 T6027 T6018 punct .,determined
R5389 T6028 T6038 nsubjpass Proteins,resolved
R5390 T6029 T6028 prep in,Proteins
R5391 T6030 T6029 pobj samples,in
R5392 T6031 T6030 punct (,samples
R5393 T6032 T6033 nummod 15,µg
R5394 T6033 T6038 nsubjpass µg,resolved
R5395 T6034 T6035 amod total,proteins
R5396 T6035 T6033 appos proteins,µg
R5397 T6036 T6033 punct ),µg
R5398 T6037 T6038 auxpass were,resolved
R5399 T6038 T6038 ROOT resolved,resolved
R5400 T6039 T6038 prep in,resolved
R5401 T6040 T6045 det a,gel
R5402 T6041 T6045 amod denaturing,gel
R5403 T6042 T6043 nummod 12,%
R5404 T6043 T6045 compound %,gel
R5405 T6044 T6045 compound polyacrylamide,gel
R5406 T6045 T6039 pobj gel,in
R5407 T6046 T6038 cc and,resolved
R5408 T6047 T6038 conj transferred,resolved
R5409 T6048 T6047 prep to,transferred
R5410 T6049 T6051 det a,membrane
R5411 T6050 T6051 amod nitrocellulose,membrane
R5412 T6051 T6048 pobj membrane,to
R5413 T6052 T6038 punct .,resolved
R5414 T6053 T6054 amod I-κBα,protein
R5415 T6054 T6056 nsubjpass protein,detected
R5416 T6055 T6056 auxpass was,detected
R5417 T6056 T6056 ROOT detected,detected
R5418 T6057 T6056 advcl using,detected
R5419 T6058 T6061 det a,antibody
R5420 T6059 T6061 nmod rabbit,antibody
R5421 T6060 T6061 compound polyclonal,antibody
R5422 T6061 T6057 dobj antibody,using
R5423 T6062 T6061 punct (,antibody
R5424 T6063 T6064 compound Santa,Cruz
R5425 T6064 T6065 compound Cruz,Biotechnology
R5426 T6065 T6061 appos Biotechnology,antibody
R5427 T6066 T6065 punct ",",Biotechnology
R5428 T6067 T6065 appos CA,Biotechnology
R5429 T6068 T6061 punct ),antibody
R5430 T6069 T6056 advcl followed,detected
R5431 T6070 T6069 agent by,followed
R5432 T6071 T6076 det a,antibody
R5433 T6072 T6076 amod horseradish,antibody
R5434 T6073 T6076 amod peroxidase-coupled,antibody
R5435 T6074 T6076 compound goat,antibody
R5436 T6075 T6076 compound polyclonal,antibody
R5437 T6076 T6070 pobj antibody,by
R5438 T6077 T6076 prep against,antibody
R5439 T6078 T6079 compound rabbit,Ig
R5440 T6079 T6077 pobj Ig,against
R5441 T6080 T6082 punct (,Laboratories
R5442 T6081 T6082 compound Caltag,Laboratories
R5443 T6082 T6079 appos Laboratories,Ig
R5444 T6083 T6082 punct ),Laboratories
R5445 T6084 T6056 punct .,detected
R5446 T6085 T6090 advmod Finally,revealed
R5447 T6086 T6090 punct ",",revealed
R5448 T6087 T6088 compound IκB,bands
R5449 T6088 T6090 nsubjpass bands,revealed
R5450 T6089 T6090 auxpass were,revealed
R5451 T6090 T6090 ROOT revealed,revealed
R5452 T6091 T6090 advcl using,revealed
R5453 T6092 T6096 det the,system
R5454 T6093 T6096 nmod ECL,system
R5455 T6094 T6096 compound ™,system
R5456 T6095 T6096 compound detection,system
R5457 T6096 T6091 dobj system,using
R5458 T6097 T6096 punct (,system
R5459 T6098 T6100 compound Amersham,Biotech
R5460 T6099 T6100 compound Pharmacia,Biotech
R5461 T6100 T6096 appos Biotech,system
R5462 T6101 T6096 punct ",",system
R5463 T6102 T6103 compound Les,Ullis
R5464 T6103 T6096 appos Ullis,system
R5465 T6104 T6103 punct ",",Ullis
R5466 T6105 T6103 appos France,Ullis
R5467 T6106 T6096 punct ),system
R5468 T6107 T6090 prep according,revealed
R5469 T6108 T6107 prep to,according
R5470 T6109 T6110 det the,manufacturers
R5471 T6110 T6112 poss manufacturers,instruction
R5472 T6111 T6110 case ',manufacturers
R5473 T6112 T6108 pobj instruction,to
R5474 T6113 T6090 punct .,revealed
R5475 T6114 T6121 nsubj Antibody,was
R5476 T6115 T6114 prep to,Antibody
R5477 T6116 T6115 pobj α-Tubulin,to
R5478 T6117 T6119 punct (,Cruz
R5479 T6118 T6119 compound Santa,Cruz
R5480 T6119 T6116 appos Cruz,α-Tubulin
R5481 T6120 T6116 punct ),α-Tubulin
R5482 T6121 T6121 ROOT was,was
R5483 T6122 T6121 attr use,was
R5484 T6123 T6122 prep as,use
R5485 T6124 T6123 pcomp loading,as
R5486 T6125 T6124 dobj control,loading
R5487 T6126 T6121 punct .,was
R5488 T6127 T6134 prep For,stimulated
R5489 T6128 T6129 amod nuclear,NF-κB
R5490 T6129 T6127 pobj NF-κB,For
R5491 T6130 T6134 punct ",",stimulated
R5492 T6131 T6132 compound THP-1,cells
R5493 T6132 T6134 nsubjpass cells,stimulated
R5494 T6133 T6134 auxpass were,stimulated
R5495 T6134 T6151 ccomp stimulated,pelleted
R5496 T6135 T6134 prep with,stimulated
R5497 T6136 T6137 nummod 1,mg/ml
R5498 T6137 T6135 pobj mg/ml,with
R5499 T6138 T6137 nummod C10,mg/ml
R5500 T6139 T6138 cc or,C10
R5501 T6140 T6138 conj C40,C10
R5502 T6141 T6140 prep for,C40
R5503 T6142 T6143 nummod 30,minutes
R5504 T6143 T6141 pobj minutes,for
R5505 T6144 T6143 prep at,minutes
R5506 T6145 T6146 nummod 37,°
R5507 T6146 T6148 compound °,Cells
R5508 T6147 T6148 compound C.,Cells
R5509 T6148 T6144 pobj Cells,at
R5510 T6149 T6151 auxpass were,pelleted
R5511 T6150 T6151 advmod then,pelleted
R5512 T6151 T6151 ROOT pelleted,pelleted
R5513 T6152 T6151 cc and,pelleted
R5514 T6153 T6151 conj nuclei,pelleted
R5515 T6154 T6151 conj separated,pelleted
R5516 T6155 T6156 mark as,described
R5517 T6156 T6151 advcl described,pelleted
R5518 T6157 T6159 nmod [,]
R5519 T6158 T6159 nummod 31,]
R5520 T6159 T6156 dobj ],described
R5521 T6160 T6151 punct .,pelleted
R5522 T6161 T6163 nsubjpass Nuclei,washed
R5523 T6162 T6163 auxpass were,washed
R5524 T6163 T6163 ROOT washed,washed
R5525 T6164 T6163 cc and,washed
R5526 T6165 T6163 conj homogenized,washed
R5527 T6166 T6165 advmod directly,homogenized
R5528 T6167 T6165 prep in,homogenized
R5529 T6168 T6167 pcomp loading,in
R5530 T6169 T6172 punct (,buffer
R5531 T6170 T6172 nmod Laemli,buffer
R5532 T6171 T6172 punct ),buffer
R5533 T6172 T6168 dobj buffer,loading
R5534 T6173 T6172 cc and,buffer
R5535 T6174 T6163 conj heated,washed
R5536 T6175 T6174 prep for,heated
R5537 T6176 T6177 nummod 5,minutes
R5538 T6177 T6175 pobj minutes,for
R5539 T6178 T6174 prep at,heated
R5540 T6179 T6182 nummod 100,Proteins
R5541 T6180 T6182 nummod °,Proteins
R5542 T6181 T6182 compound C.,Proteins
R5543 T6182 T6178 pobj Proteins,at
R5544 T6183 T6182 prep in,Proteins
R5545 T6184 T6183 pobj samples,in
R5546 T6185 T6186 auxpass were,resolved
R5547 T6186 T6163 conj resolved,washed
R5548 T6187 T6186 prep in,resolved
R5549 T6188 T6193 det a,gel
R5550 T6189 T6193 amod denaturing,gel
R5551 T6190 T6191 nummod 8,%
R5552 T6191 T6193 compound %,gel
R5553 T6192 T6193 compound polyacrylamide,gel
R5554 T6193 T6187 pobj gel,in
R5555 T6194 T6186 cc and,resolved
R5556 T6195 T6186 conj transferred,resolved
R5557 T6196 T6195 prep to,transferred
R5558 T6197 T6199 det a,fluoride
R5559 T6198 T6199 compound polyvinylidine,fluoride
R5560 T6199 T6196 pobj fluoride,to
R5561 T6200 T6199 punct (,fluoride
R5562 T6201 T6199 appos PVDF,fluoride
R5563 T6202 T6199 punct ),fluoride
R5564 T6203 T6195 dobj membrane,transferred
R5565 T6204 T6205 punct (,Immobilon-P
R5566 T6205 T6203 appos Immobilon-P,membrane
R5567 T6206 T6163 punct ;,washed
R5568 T6207 T6207 ROOT Millipore,Millipore
R5569 T6208 T6207 punct ",",Millipore
R5570 T6209 T6207 conj Bedford,Millipore
R5571 T6210 T6209 punct ",",Bedford
R5572 T6211 T6209 conj MA,Bedford
R5573 T6212 T6209 punct ),Bedford
R5574 T6213 T6207 punct .,Millipore
R5575 T6214 T6216 nsubjpass Membranes,incubated
R5576 T6215 T6216 auxpass were,incubated
R5577 T6216 T6216 ROOT incubated,incubated
R5578 T6217 T6216 prep in,incubated
R5579 T6218 T6217 pcomp blocking,in
R5580 T6219 T6218 dobj buffer,blocking
R5581 T6220 T6223 punct (,BSA
R5582 T6221 T6222 nummod 1,%
R5583 T6222 T6223 npadvmod %,BSA
R5584 T6223 T6218 dobj BSA,blocking
R5585 T6224 T6218 punct ",",blocking
R5586 T6225 T6224 oprd in,","
R5587 T6226 T6225 pobj PBS,in
R5588 T6227 T6225 punct ),in
R5589 T6228 T6216 prep for,incubated
R5590 T6229 T6230 nummod two,hours
R5591 T6230 T6228 pobj hours,for
R5592 T6231 T6230 prep at,hours
R5593 T6232 T6233 compound room,temperature
R5594 T6233 T6231 pobj temperature,at
R5595 T6234 T6216 punct .,incubated
R5596 T6235 T6238 nsubjpass Membranes,probed
R5597 T6236 T6238 auxpass were,probed
R5598 T6237 T6238 advmod subsequently,probed
R5599 T6238 T6238 ROOT probed,probed
R5600 T6239 T6238 prep with,probed
R5601 T6240 T6242 det the,antibody
R5602 T6241 T6242 amod corresponding,antibody
R5603 T6242 T6239 pobj antibody,with
R5604 T6243 T6238 prep in,probed
R5605 T6244 T6243 pcomp blocking,in
R5606 T6245 T6244 dobj buffer,blocking
R5607 T6246 T6247 punct ",",overnight
R5608 T6247 T6244 npadvmod overnight,blocking
R5609 T6248 T6238 punct .,probed
R5610 T6249 T6254 nmod Rabbit,subunit
R5611 T6250 T6254 amod polyclonal,subunit
R5612 T6251 T6254 nmod antibody,subunit
R5613 T6252 T6254 nmod anti-NF-κB,subunit
R5614 T6253 T6254 amod p50,subunit
R5615 T6254 T6272 nsubjpass subunit,used
R5616 T6255 T6254 punct (,subunit
R5617 T6256 T6257 nmod #,sc-114
R5618 T6257 T6272 nsubjpass sc-114,used
R5619 T6258 T6257 punct ),sc-114
R5620 T6259 T6257 cc or,sc-114
R5621 T6260 T6261 amod anti-NF-κB,p65
R5622 T6261 T6257 conj p65,sc-114
R5623 T6262 T6261 acl subunit,p65
R5624 T6263 T6261 punct (,p65
R5625 T6264 T6265 nmod #,sc-109
R5626 T6265 T6261 appos sc-109,p65
R5627 T6266 T6261 punct ),p65
R5628 T6267 T6261 prep from,p65
R5629 T6268 T6269 compound Santa,Cruz
R5630 T6269 T6270 compound Cruz,Biotechnology
R5631 T6270 T6267 pobj Biotechnology,from
R5632 T6271 T6272 auxpass were,used
R5633 T6272 T6272 ROOT used,used
R5634 T6273 T6272 punct .,used
R5635 T6274 T6276 nsubjpass Membranes,washed
R5636 T6275 T6276 auxpass were,washed
R5637 T6276 T6276 ROOT washed,washed
R5638 T6277 T6278 nummod six,times
R5639 T6278 T6276 npadvmod times,washed
R5640 T6279 T6276 prep in,washed
R5641 T6280 T6279 pobj PBS,in
R5642 T6281 T6276 prep with,washed
R5643 T6282 T6283 nummod 0.05,%
R5644 T6283 T6288 nummod %,minutes
R5645 T6284 T6288 nummod Tween,minutes
R5646 T6285 T6288 nummod 20,minutes
R5647 T6286 T6288 punct ",",minutes
R5648 T6287 T6288 nummod 5,minutes
R5649 T6288 T6281 pobj minutes,with
R5650 T6289 T6290 det each,time
R5651 T6290 T6276 npadvmod time,washed
R5652 T6291 T6276 punct ",",washed
R5653 T6292 T6276 cc and,washed
R5654 T6293 T6276 conj incubated,washed
R5655 T6294 T6293 prep with,incubated
R5656 T6295 T6297 det a,dilution
R5657 T6296 T6297 nummod 1/3000,dilution
R5658 T6297 T6294 pobj dilution,with
R5659 T6298 T6297 prep of,dilution
R5660 T6299 T6300 amod HRP-conjugated,F
R5661 T6300 T6298 pobj F,of
R5662 T6301 T6308 punct (,IgG
R5663 T6302 T6306 nmod ab,goat
R5664 T6303 T6302 case ',ab
R5665 T6304 T6302 punct ),ab
R5666 T6305 T6302 nummod 2,ab
R5667 T6306 T6308 nmod goat,IgG
R5668 T6307 T6308 compound anti-rabbit,IgG
R5669 T6308 T6314 nmod IgG,milk
R5670 T6309 T6308 prep in,IgG
R5671 T6310 T6311 nummod 5,%
R5672 T6311 T6314 nmod %,milk
R5673 T6312 T6314 amod nonfat,milk
R5674 T6313 T6314 amod dry,milk
R5675 T6314 T6297 appos milk,dilution
R5676 T6315 T6314 cc and,milk
R5677 T6316 T6317 nummod 0.05,%
R5678 T6317 T6314 conj %,milk
R5679 T6318 T6319 nummod Tween,20
R5680 T6319 T6322 dep 20,for
R5681 T6320 T6319 prep in,20
R5682 T6321 T6320 pobj PBS,in
R5683 T6322 T6293 conj for,incubated
R5684 T6323 T6324 nummod 1,hour
R5685 T6324 T6322 pobj hour,for
R5686 T6325 T6322 prep at,for
R5687 T6326 T6327 compound room,temperature
R5688 T6327 T6325 pobj temperature,at
R5689 T6328 T6276 punct .,washed
R5690 T6329 T6345 prep After,detected
R5691 T6330 T6329 pcomp washing,After
R5692 T6331 T6333 nummod six,times
R5693 T6332 T6331 amod more,six
R5694 T6333 T6330 dobj times,washing
R5695 T6334 T6330 prep in,washing
R5696 T6335 T6334 pobj PBS,in
R5697 T6336 T6330 prep with,washing
R5698 T6337 T6338 nummod 0.05,%
R5699 T6338 T6345 nsubj %,detected
R5700 T6339 T6340 nummod Tween,20
R5701 T6340 T6345 dep 20,detected
R5702 T6341 T6345 punct ",",detected
R5703 T6342 T6343 amod antibody-reactive,proteins
R5704 T6343 T6345 nsubjpass proteins,detected
R5705 T6344 T6345 auxpass were,detected
R5706 T6345 T6345 ROOT detected,detected
R5707 T6346 T6345 advcl using,detected
R5708 T6347 T6349 det a,substrate
R5709 T6348 T6349 compound chemiluminescence,substrate
R5710 T6349 T6346 dobj substrate,using
R5711 T6350 T6359 punct (,according
R5712 T6351 T6359 dep SuperSignal,according
R5713 T6352 T6351 punct ;,SuperSignal
R5714 T6353 T6351 conj Pierce,SuperSignal
R5715 T6354 T6353 punct ",",Pierce
R5716 T6355 T6353 conj Rockford,Pierce
R5717 T6356 T6355 punct ",",Rockford
R5718 T6357 T6355 conj IL,Rockford
R5719 T6358 T6359 punct ),according
R5720 T6359 T6345 prep according,detected
R5721 T6360 T6359 prep to,according
R5722 T6361 T6362 det the,manufacturer
R5723 T6362 T6364 poss manufacturer,instructions
R5724 T6363 T6362 case 's,manufacturer
R5725 T6364 T6360 pobj instructions,to
R5726 T6365 T6345 punct .,detected
R5727 T6366 T6367 aux To,confirm
R5728 T6367 T6380 advcl confirm,were
R5729 T6368 T6374 mark that,loaded
R5730 T6369 T6370 amod equivalent,amounts
R5731 T6370 T6374 nsubjpass amounts,loaded
R5732 T6371 T6370 prep of,amounts
R5733 T6372 T6371 pobj protein,of
R5734 T6373 T6374 auxpass were,loaded
R5735 T6374 T6367 ccomp loaded,confirm
R5736 T6375 T6374 prep in,loaded
R5737 T6376 T6377 det each,line
R5738 T6377 T6375 pobj line,in
R5739 T6378 T6380 punct ",",were
R5740 T6379 T6380 nsubj membranes,were
R5741 T6380 T6380 ROOT were,were
R5742 T6381 T6380 advmod also,were
R5743 T6382 T6383 amod Western,blotted
R5744 T6383 T6380 attr blotted,were
R5745 T6384 T6383 prep for,blotted
R5746 T6385 T6384 pobj ERK,for
R5747 T6386 T6387 mark as,described
R5748 T6387 T6380 advcl described,were
R5749 T6388 T6390 nmod [,]
R5750 T6389 T6390 nummod 32,]
R5751 T6390 T6387 dobj ],described
R5752 T6391 T6380 punct .,were
R5773 T6486 T6503 nsubjpass Analysis,performed
R5774 T6487 T6486 prep of,Analysis
R5775 T6488 T6489 compound NF-κB,Activation
R5776 T6489 T6487 pobj Activation,of
R5777 T6490 T6489 prep by,Activation
R5778 T6491 T6494 compound Flow,activation
R5779 T6492 T6494 compound Cytometry,activation
R5780 T6493 T6494 compound Nuclear,activation
R5781 T6494 T6490 pobj activation,by
R5782 T6495 T6494 prep of,activation
R5783 T6496 T6498 compound NF,κΒ
R5784 T6497 T6498 compound −,κΒ
R5785 T6498 T6495 pobj κΒ,of
R5786 T6499 T6486 prep by,Analysis
R5787 T6500 T6501 compound flow,cytometry
R5788 T6501 T6499 pobj cytometry,by
R5789 T6502 T6503 auxpass was,performed
R5790 T6503 T6503 ROOT performed,performed
R5791 T6504 T6505 mark as,described
R5792 T6505 T6503 advcl described,performed
R5793 T6506 T6508 nmod [,]
R5794 T6507 T6508 nummod 31,]
R5795 T6508 T6505 dobj ],described
R5796 T6509 T6503 punct .,performed
R5837 T6558 T6559 compound Statistical,Analysis
R5838 T6559 T6563 nsubjpass Analysis,expressed
R5839 T6560 T6561 det The,results
R5840 T6561 T6563 nsubjpass results,expressed
R5841 T6562 T6563 auxpass were,expressed
R5842 T6563 T6563 ROOT expressed,expressed
R5843 T6564 T6563 prep as,expressed
R5844 T6565 T6569 det the,S.E.M.
R5845 T6566 T6569 amod mean,S.E.M.
R5846 T6567 T6568 compound value,±
R5847 T6568 T6569 compound ±,S.E.M.
R5848 T6569 T6564 pobj S.E.M.,as
R5849 T6570 T6569 prep of,S.E.M.
R5850 T6571 T6572 amod individual,experiments
R5851 T6572 T6570 pobj experiments,of
R5852 T6573 T6563 punct .,expressed
R5853 T6574 T6576 det The,significance
R5854 T6575 T6576 amod statistical,significance
R5855 T6576 T6584 nsubjpass significance,assessed
R5856 T6577 T6576 prep of,significance
R5857 T6578 T6579 det the,differences
R5858 T6579 T6577 pobj differences,of
R5859 T6580 T6579 prep between,differences
R5860 T6581 T6582 amod mean,values
R5861 T6582 T6580 pobj values,between
R5862 T6583 T6584 auxpass was,assessed
R5863 T6584 T6584 ROOT assessed,assessed
R5864 T6585 T6584 agent by,assessed
R5865 T6586 T6587 det the,Student
R5866 T6587 T6591 poss Student,analysis
R5867 T6588 T6587 case 's,Student
R5868 T6589 T6591 amod t-test,analysis
R5869 T6590 T6589 cc and,t-test
R5870 T6591 T6585 pobj analysis,by
R5871 T6592 T6591 prep of,analysis
R5872 T6593 T6592 pobj variance,of
R5873 T6594 T6595 punct (,ANOVA
R5874 T6595 T6593 appos ANOVA,variance
R5875 T6596 T6584 punct ),assessed
R5876 T6597 T6584 punct .,assessed
R6115 T6857 T6859 amod Degraded,Induce
R6116 T6858 T6859 compound CGN,Induce
R6117 T6859 T6863 nmod Induce,rats
R6118 T6860 T6863 compound Colonic,rats
R6119 T6861 T6863 compound Inflammation,rats
R6120 T6862 T6863 compound All,rats
R6121 T6863 T6864 nsubj rats,developed
R6122 T6864 T6864 ROOT developed,developed
R6123 T6865 T6864 dobj diarrhea,developed
R6124 T6866 T6864 prep during,developed
R6125 T6867 T6869 amod degraded,administration
R6126 T6868 T6869 compound carrageenan,administration
R6127 T6869 T6866 pobj administration,during
R6128 T6870 T6869 cc and,administration
R6129 T6871 T6872 amod gross,evidence
R6130 T6872 T6869 conj evidence,administration
R6131 T6873 T6872 prep of,evidence
R6132 T6874 T6873 pobj blood,of
R6133 T6875 T6877 auxpass was,detected
R6134 T6876 T6877 advmod frequently,detected
R6135 T6877 T6864 conj detected,developed
R6136 T6878 T6877 prep in,detected
R6137 T6879 T6880 det the,stools
R6138 T6880 T6878 pobj stools,in
R6139 T6881 T6864 punct .,developed
R6140 T6882 T6883 compound Colon,length
R6141 T6883 T6885 nsubj length,decreased
R6142 T6884 T6885 advmod dramatically,decreased
R6143 T6885 T6885 ROOT decreased,decreased
R6144 T6886 T6885 prep in,decreased
R6145 T6887 T6889 det all,rats
R6146 T6888 T6889 amod treated,rats
R6147 T6889 T6886 pobj rats,in
R6148 T6890 T6889 prep with,rats
R6149 T6891 T6894 det a,effect
R6150 T6892 T6893 advmod more,pronounced
R6151 T6893 T6894 amod pronounced,effect
R6152 T6894 T6890 pobj effect,with
R6153 T6895 T6896 auxpass being,observed
R6154 T6896 T6894 acl observed,effect
R6155 T6897 T6896 prep in,observed
R6156 T6898 T6901 det the,dCGN
R6157 T6899 T6901 nummod 40,dCGN
R6158 T6900 T6901 compound kDa,dCGN
R6159 T6901 T6897 pobj dCGN,in
R6160 T6902 T6885 conj treated,decreased
R6161 T6903 T6902 dobj group,treated
R6162 T6904 T6906 punct (,1A
R6163 T6905 T6906 compound Fig.,1A
R6164 T6906 T6903 appos 1A,group
R6165 T6907 T6906 punct ),1A
R6166 T6908 T6885 punct .,decreased
R6167 T6909 T6917 advmod Furthermore,resulted
R6168 T6910 T6917 punct ",",resulted
R6169 T6911 T6912 amod prolonged,exposure
R6170 T6912 T6917 nsubj exposure,resulted
R6171 T6913 T6912 prep to,exposure
R6172 T6914 T6916 nummod 40,dCGN
R6173 T6915 T6916 compound kDa,dCGN
R6174 T6916 T6917 nsubj dCGN,resulted
R6175 T6917 T6917 ROOT resulted,resulted
R6176 T6918 T6917 prep in,resulted
R6177 T6919 T6923 amod high,scores
R6178 T6920 T6923 amod macroscopic,scores
R6179 T6921 T6920 cc and,macroscopic
R6180 T6922 T6920 conj histological,macroscopic
R6181 T6923 T6918 pobj scores,in
R6182 T6924 T6923 prep of,scores
R6183 T6925 T6924 pobj inflammation,of
R6184 T6926 T6930 punct (,C
R6185 T6927 T6928 compound Fig.,1B
R6186 T6928 T6930 dep 1B,C
R6187 T6929 T6930 punct ",",C
R6188 T6930 T6923 appos C,scores
R6189 T6931 T6923 punct ),scores
R6190 T6932 T6917 punct .,resulted
R6191 T6933 T6936 amod Only,activity
R6192 T6934 T6936 amod weak,activity
R6193 T6935 T6936 compound myeloperoxidase,activity
R6194 T6936 T6938 nsubjpass activity,detected
R6195 T6937 T6938 auxpass was,detected
R6196 T6938 T6938 ROOT detected,detected
R6197 T6939 T6938 prep in,detected
R6198 T6940 T6941 det both,control
R6199 T6941 T6939 pobj control,in
R6200 T6942 T6941 cc and,control
R6201 T6943 T6944 amod dCGN-treated,groups
R6202 T6944 T6941 conj groups,control
R6203 T6945 T6944 punct (,groups
R6204 T6946 T6947 compound Fig.,1D
R6205 T6947 T6944 appos 1D,groups
R6206 T6948 T6944 punct ),groups
R6207 T6949 T6938 punct ",",detected
R6208 T6950 T6938 advcl indicating,detected
R6209 T6951 T6955 mark that,play
R6210 T6952 T6955 nsubj granulocytes,play
R6211 T6953 T6955 aux did,play
R6212 T6954 T6955 neg not,play
R6213 T6955 T6950 ccomp play,indicating
R6214 T6956 T6958 det a,role
R6215 T6957 T6958 amod major,role
R6216 T6958 T6955 dobj role,play
R6217 T6959 T6955 prep in,play
R6218 T6960 T6961 det the,inflammation
R6219 T6961 T6959 pobj inflammation,in
R6220 T6962 T6955 prep at,play
R6221 T6963 T6964 det that,stage
R6222 T6964 T6962 pobj stage,at
R6223 T6965 T6938 punct .,detected
R6224 T6966 T6967 amod Histological,examination
R6225 T6967 T6968 nsubj examination,revealed
R6226 T6968 T6968 ROOT revealed,revealed
R6227 T6969 T6970 amod various,degrees
R6228 T6970 T6968 dobj degrees,revealed
R6229 T6971 T6970 prep of,degrees
R6230 T6972 T6973 amod mucosal,inflammation
R6231 T6973 T6971 pobj inflammation,of
R6232 T6974 T6968 punct .,revealed
R6233 T6975 T6976 nsubj Rats,treated
R6234 T6976 T6976 ROOT treated,treated
R6235 T6977 T6976 prep with,treated
R6236 T6978 T6980 nummod 10,dCGN
R6237 T6979 T6980 compound kDa,dCGN
R6238 T6980 T6977 pobj dCGN,with
R6239 T6981 T6976 conj showed,treated
R6240 T6982 T6981 dobj edema,showed
R6241 T6983 T6981 punct ",",showed
R6242 T6984 T6985 compound epithelium,atrophy
R6243 T6985 T6985 ROOT atrophy,atrophy
R6244 T6986 T6985 cc and,atrophy
R6245 T6987 T6989 amod slight,infiltration
R6246 T6988 T6989 compound lymphocyte,infiltration
R6247 T6989 T6985 conj infiltration,atrophy
R6248 T6990 T6993 punct (,shown
R6249 T6991 T6993 nsubjpass data,shown
R6250 T6992 T6993 neg not,shown
R6251 T6993 T6985 parataxis shown,atrophy
R6252 T6994 T6993 punct ),shown
R6253 T6995 T6976 punct .,treated
R6254 T6996 T6997 det These,symptoms
R6255 T6997 T6998 nsubj symptoms,were
R6256 T6998 T6998 ROOT were,were
R6257 T6999 T7000 advmod totally,absent
R6258 T7000 T6998 acomp absent,were
R6259 T7001 T7000 prep in,absent
R6260 T7002 T7003 det the,colon
R6261 T7003 T7001 pobj colon,in
R6262 T7004 T7003 prep of,colon
R6263 T7005 T7006 compound control,rats
R6264 T7006 T7004 pobj rats,of
R6265 T7007 T7003 punct (,colon
R6266 T7008 T7009 compound Fig.,1E
R6267 T7009 T7003 appos 1E,colon
R6268 T7010 T7003 punct ),colon
R6269 T7011 T6998 punct .,were
R6270 T7012 T7013 advmod More,severe
R6271 T7013 T7015 amod severe,injuries
R6272 T7014 T7015 amod mucosal,injuries
R6273 T7015 T7031 nsubjpass injuries,observed
R6274 T7016 T7015 prep including,injuries
R6275 T7017 T7016 pobj ulceration,including
R6276 T7018 T7017 punct ",",ulceration
R6277 T7019 T7020 amod hyperplastic,epithelium
R6278 T7020 T7017 conj epithelium,ulceration
R6279 T7021 T7020 punct ",",epithelium
R6280 T7022 T7023 compound crypt,distortion
R6281 T7023 T7020 conj distortion,epithelium
R6282 T7024 T7023 cc and,distortion
R6283 T7025 T7028 det a,infiltration
R6284 T7026 T7028 amod strong,infiltration
R6285 T7027 T7028 compound macrophage,infiltration
R6286 T7028 T7023 conj infiltration,distortion
R6287 T7029 T7031 punct ",",observed
R6288 T7030 T7031 auxpass were,observed
R6289 T7031 T7031 ROOT observed,observed
R6290 T7032 T7031 prep in,observed
R6291 T7033 T7037 det the,rats
R6292 T7034 T7037 nummod 40,rats
R6293 T7035 T7036 compound kDa,dCGN-treated
R6294 T7036 T7037 compound dCGN-treated,rats
R6295 T7037 T7032 pobj rats,in
R6296 T7038 T7031 punct (,observed
R6297 T7039 T7040 compound Fig.,1F
R6298 T7040 T7031 npadvmod 1F,observed
R6299 T7041 T7031 punct ),observed
R6300 T7042 T7031 punct .,observed
R6301 T7043 T7045 det No,polysaccharides
R6302 T7044 T7045 amod sulphated,polysaccharides
R6303 T7045 T7047 nsubjpass polysaccharides,detected
R6304 T7046 T7047 auxpass were,detected
R6305 T7047 T7047 ROOT detected,detected
R6306 T7048 T7047 agent by,detected
R6307 T7049 T7051 nmod toluidine,staining
R6308 T7050 T7051 amod blue,staining
R6309 T7051 T7048 pobj staining,by
R6310 T7052 T7051 prep of,staining
R6311 T7053 T7054 compound colon,mucosa
R6312 T7054 T7052 pobj mucosa,of
R6313 T7055 T7051 prep from,staining
R6314 T7056 T7055 pobj rats,from
R6315 T7057 T7056 acl treated,rats
R6316 T7058 T7057 prep with,treated
R6317 T7059 T7065 preconj either,dCGN
R6318 T7060 T7065 det the,dCGN
R6319 T7061 T7065 nummod 10,dCGN
R6320 T7062 T7061 cc or,10
R6321 T7063 T7061 conj 40,10
R6322 T7064 T7065 compound kDa,dCGN
R6323 T7065 T7058 pobj dCGN,with
R6324 T7066 T7068 punct (,shown
R6325 T7067 T7068 neg not,shown
R6326 T7068 T7065 parataxis shown,dCGN
R6327 T7069 T7068 punct ),shown
R6328 T7070 T7047 punct .,detected
R6329 T7071 T7075 mark Although,exclude
R6330 T7072 T7075 nsubj we,exclude
R6331 T7073 T7075 aux can,exclude
R6332 T7074 T7075 neg not,exclude
R6333 T7075 T7091 advcl exclude,indicates
R6334 T7076 T7078 det that,mat
R6335 T7077 T7078 compound dCGN,mat
R6336 T7078 T7075 dobj mat,exclude
R6337 T7079 T7081 neg not,retained
R6338 T7080 T7081 aux have,retained
R6339 T7081 T7078 acl retained,mat
R6340 T7082 T7081 prep in,retained
R6341 T7083 T7084 det the,section
R6342 T7084 T7082 pobj section,in
R6343 T7085 T7081 prep during,retained
R6344 T7086 T7088 det the,procedure
R6345 T7087 T7088 compound histology,procedure
R6346 T7088 T7085 pobj procedure,during
R6347 T7089 T7091 punct ",",indicates
R6348 T7090 T7091 nsubj this,indicates
R6349 T7091 T7091 ROOT indicates,indicates
R6350 T7092 T7099 mark that,phagocytosed
R6351 T7093 T7094 det these,polymers
R6352 T7094 T7099 nsubjpass polymers,phagocytosed
R6353 T7095 T7099 aux may,phagocytosed
R6354 T7096 T7099 neg not,phagocytosed
R6355 T7097 T7099 aux have,phagocytosed
R6356 T7098 T7099 auxpass been,phagocytosed
R6357 T7099 T7091 ccomp phagocytosed,indicates
R6358 T7100 T7091 punct .,indicates
R6775 T7657 T7660 amod Degraded,Production
R6776 T7658 T7659 compound CGN,"inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α"
R6777 T7659 T7660 compound "inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α",Production
R6778 T7660 T7660 ROOT Production,Production
R6779 T7661 T7660 prep by,Production
R6780 T7662 T7661 pobj Monocytes,by
R6781 T7663 T7663 ROOT In,In
R6782 T7664 T7663 pobj Vitro,In
R6783 T7665 T7682 prep In,cultivated
R6784 T7666 T7665 pobj order,In
R6785 T7667 T7668 aux to,study
R6786 T7668 T7666 acl study,order
R6787 T7669 T7670 det the,capacity
R6788 T7670 T7668 dobj capacity,study
R6789 T7671 T7670 prep of,capacity
R6790 T7672 T7671 pobj dCGN,of
R6791 T7673 T7674 aux to,stimulate
R6792 T7674 T7668 dep stimulate,study
R6793 T7675 T7676 amod TNF-α,production
R6794 T7676 T7674 dobj production,stimulate
R6795 T7677 T7682 punct ",",cultivated
R6796 T7678 T7680 amod peripheral,monocytes
R6797 T7679 T7680 compound blood,monocytes
R6798 T7680 T7682 nsubjpass monocytes,cultivated
R6799 T7681 T7682 auxpass were,cultivated
R6800 T7682 T7682 ROOT cultivated,cultivated
R6801 T7683 T7682 prep in,cultivated
R6802 T7684 T7685 det the,presence
R6803 T7685 T7683 pobj presence,in
R6804 T7686 T7685 prep of,presence
R6805 T7687 T7686 pobj dCGN,of
R6806 T7688 T7692 punct (,mg/ml
R6807 T7689 T7691 quantmod 0.1,1
R6808 T7690 T7691 quantmod to,1
R6809 T7691 T7692 nummod 1,mg/ml
R6810 T7692 T7687 appos mg/ml,dCGN
R6811 T7693 T7692 punct ),mg/ml
R6812 T7694 T7682 punct .,cultivated
R6813 T7695 T7696 advmod Very,low
R6814 T7696 T7697 amod low,levels
R6815 T7697 T7701 nsubjpass levels,induced
R6816 T7698 T7697 prep of,levels
R6817 T7699 T7698 pobj TNF-α,of
R6818 T7700 T7701 auxpass were,induced
R6819 T7701 T7701 ROOT induced,induced
R6820 T7702 T7701 prep in,induced
R6821 T7703 T7702 pobj PBM,in
R6822 T7704 T7701 prep after,induced
R6823 T7705 T7704 pobj stimulation,after
R6824 T7706 T7705 prep with,stimulation
R6825 T7707 T7708 amod native,CGN
R6826 T7708 T7706 pobj CGN,with
R6827 T7709 T7711 punct (,2A
R6828 T7710 T7711 compound Fig.,2A
R6829 T7711 T7708 appos 2A,CGN
R6830 T7712 T7708 punct ),CGN
R6831 T7713 T7701 punct .,induced
R6832 T7714 T7721 nsubj Addition,resulted
R6833 T7715 T7714 prep of,Addition
R6834 T7716 T7718 quantmod 0.1,10
R6835 T7717 T7718 quantmod mg/ml,10
R6836 T7718 T7715 pobj 10,of
R6837 T7719 T7720 compound kDa,dCGN
R6838 T7720 T7721 nsubj dCGN,resulted
R6839 T7721 T7721 ROOT resulted,resulted
R6840 T7722 T7721 prep in,resulted
R6841 T7723 T7726 advmod approximately,increase
R6842 T7724 T7726 det a,increase
R6843 T7725 T7726 amod 60-fold,increase
R6844 T7726 T7722 pobj increase,in
R6845 T7727 T7726 prep in,increase
R6846 T7728 T7729 amod TNF-α,production
R6847 T7729 T7727 pobj production,in
R6848 T7730 T7726 prep by,increase
R6849 T7731 T7730 pobj PBM,by
R6850 T7732 T7721 punct .,resulted
R6851 T7733 T7734 nsubj This,was
R6852 T7734 T7734 ROOT was,was
R6853 T7735 T7737 det a,effect
R6854 T7736 T7737 amod dose-dependent,effect
R6855 T7737 T7734 attr effect,was
R6856 T7738 T7739 nsubj that,reached
R6857 T7739 T7737 relcl reached,effect
R6858 T7740 T7742 det a,increase
R6859 T7741 T7742 amod 180-fold,increase
R6860 T7742 T7739 dobj increase,reached
R6861 T7743 T7746 advmod when,exposed
R6862 T7744 T7746 nsubjpass cells,exposed
R6863 T7745 T7746 auxpass were,exposed
R6864 T7746 T7742 relcl exposed,increase
R6865 T7747 T7746 prep to,exposed
R6866 T7748 T7749 compound 1,mg/ml
R6867 T7749 T7747 pobj mg/ml,to
R6868 T7750 T7749 prep of,mg/ml
R6869 T7751 T7753 nummod 10,dCGN
R6870 T7752 T7753 compound kDa,dCGN
R6871 T7753 T7750 pobj dCGN,of
R6872 T7754 T7756 punct (,2A
R6873 T7755 T7756 compound Fig.,2A
R6874 T7756 T7753 appos 2A,dCGN
R6875 T7757 T7756 punct ),2A
R6876 T7758 T7734 punct .,was
R6877 T7759 T7761 det A,increase
R6878 T7760 T7761 amod 250-fold,increase
R6879 T7761 T7766 nsubjpass increase,detected
R6880 T7762 T7761 prep in,increase
R6881 T7763 T7764 amod TNF-α,production
R6882 T7764 T7762 pobj production,in
R6883 T7765 T7766 auxpass was,detected
R6884 T7766 T7766 ROOT detected,detected
R6885 T7767 T7766 prep at,detected
R6886 T7768 T7769 nummod 1,mg/ml
R6887 T7769 T7767 pobj mg/ml,at
R6888 T7770 T7772 nummod 40,dCGN
R6889 T7771 T7772 compound kDa,dCGN
R6890 T7772 T7769 appos dCGN,mg/ml
R6891 T7773 T7775 punct (,2A
R6892 T7774 T7775 compound Fig.,2A
R6893 T7775 T7772 appos 2A,dCGN
R6894 T7776 T7772 punct ),dCGN
R6895 T7777 T7766 punct .,detected
R6896 T7778 T7779 amod TNF-α,production
R6897 T7779 T7780 nsubj production,increased
R6898 T7780 T7780 ROOT increased,increased
R6899 T7781 T7780 prep in,increased
R6900 T7782 T7781 pobj time,in
R6901 T7783 T7780 advcl reaching,increased
R6902 T7784 T7786 det a,level
R6903 T7785 T7786 amod maximum,level
R6904 T7786 T7783 dobj level,reaching
R6905 T7787 T7786 prep at,level
R6906 T7788 T7789 nummod 8,hours
R6907 T7789 T7787 pobj hours,at
R6908 T7790 T7789 prep of,hours
R6909 T7791 T7790 pobj culture,of
R6910 T7792 T7794 punct (,2B
R6911 T7793 T7794 compound Figure,2B
R6912 T7794 T7791 appos 2B,culture
R6913 T7795 T7786 punct ),level
R6914 T7796 T7780 punct .,increased
R6915 T7797 T7806 prep After,was
R6916 T7798 T7799 nummod 24,h
R6917 T7799 T7797 pobj h,After
R6918 T7800 T7806 punct ",",was
R6919 T7801 T7802 det the,amount
R6920 T7802 T7806 nsubj amount,was
R6921 T7803 T7802 prep of,amount
R6922 T7804 T7805 amod secreted,TNF-α
R6923 T7805 T7803 pobj TNF-α,of
R6924 T7806 T7806 ROOT was,was
R6925 T7807 T7806 advmod still,was
R6926 T7808 T7809 nummod one,third
R6927 T7809 T7806 attr third,was
R6928 T7810 T7809 prep of,third
R6929 T7811 T7813 det the,TNF-α
R6930 T7812 T7813 amod total,TNF-α
R6931 T7813 T7810 pobj TNF-α,of
R6932 T7814 T7806 punct .,was
R6933 T7815 T7827 nsubj Lipopolysaccharide,induced
R6934 T7816 T7817 punct (,LPS
R6935 T7817 T7815 appos LPS,Lipopolysaccharide
R6936 T7818 T7815 punct ),Lipopolysaccharide
R6937 T7819 T7815 punct ",",Lipopolysaccharide
R6938 T7820 T7822 det a,activator
R6939 T7821 T7822 amod known,activator
R6940 T7822 T7815 appos activator,Lipopolysaccharide
R6941 T7823 T7822 prep of,activator
R6942 T7824 T7825 amod immune,cells
R6943 T7825 T7823 pobj cells,of
R6944 T7826 T7827 advmod also,induced
R6945 T7827 T7827 ROOT induced,induced
R6946 T7828 T7829 amod TNF-α,production
R6947 T7829 T7827 dobj production,induced
R6948 T7830 T7827 prep with,induced
R6949 T7831 T7832 amod similar,kinetics
R6950 T7832 T7830 pobj kinetics,with
R6951 T7833 T7827 prep as,induced
R6952 T7834 T7833 pobj dCGN,as
R6953 T7835 T7837 punct (,2B
R6954 T7836 T7837 compound Fig.,2B
R6955 T7837 T7834 appos 2B,dCGN
R6956 T7838 T7837 punct ),2B
R6957 T7839 T7827 punct .,induced
R6958 T7840 T7849 advmod However,was
R6959 T7841 T7849 punct ",",was
R6960 T7842 T7843 det the,amount
R6961 T7843 T7849 nsubj amount,was
R6962 T7844 T7843 prep of,amount
R6963 T7845 T7844 pobj TNF-α,of
R6964 T7846 T7845 acl produced,TNF-α
R6965 T7847 T7846 agent by,produced
R6966 T7848 T7847 pobj LPS,by
R6967 T7849 T7849 ROOT was,was
R6968 T7850 T7851 npadvmod 4-fold,less
R6969 T7851 T7849 acomp less,was
R6970 T7852 T7851 prep than,less
R6971 T7853 T7854 det the,one
R6972 T7854 T7852 pobj one,than
R6973 T7855 T7854 acl produced,one
R6974 T7856 T7855 agent by,produced
R6975 T7857 T7856 pobj dCGN,by
R6976 T7858 T7849 cc and,was
R6977 T7859 T7862 nsubjpass it,detected
R6978 T7860 T7862 auxpass was,detected
R6979 T7861 T7862 neg not,detected
R6980 T7862 T7849 conj detected,was
R6981 T7863 T7862 prep after,detected
R6982 T7864 T7865 nummod 8,hours
R6983 T7865 T7863 pobj hours,after
R6984 T7866 T7865 prep of,hours
R6985 T7867 T7866 pobj culture,of
R6986 T7868 T7865 punct (,hours
R6987 T7869 T7870 compound Fig.,2B
R6988 T7870 T7865 appos 2B,hours
R6989 T7871 T7865 punct ),hours
R6990 T7872 T7862 punct .,detected
R6991 T7873 T7887 advmod Similarly,showed
R6992 T7874 T7887 punct ",",showed
R6993 T7875 T7877 amod monocytic,cells
R6994 T7876 T7877 compound THP-1,cells
R6995 T7877 T7887 nsubj cells,showed
R6996 T7878 T7877 acl cultivated,cells
R6997 T7879 T7878 prep in,cultivated
R6998 T7880 T7881 det the,presence
R6999 T7881 T7879 pobj presence,in
R7000 T7882 T7881 prep of,presence
R7001 T7883 T7884 amod variable,concentration
R7002 T7884 T7882 pobj concentration,of
R7003 T7885 T7884 prep of,concentration
R7004 T7886 T7885 pobj dCGN,of
R7005 T7887 T7887 ROOT showed,showed
R7006 T7888 T7889 det an,increase
R7007 T7889 T7887 dobj increase,showed
R7008 T7890 T7889 prep in,increase
R7009 T7891 T7892 amod TNF-α,production
R7010 T7892 T7890 pobj production,in
R7011 T7893 T7895 punct (,2C
R7012 T7894 T7895 compound Fig.,2C
R7013 T7895 T7887 npadvmod 2C,showed
R7014 T7896 T7895 punct ),2C
R7015 T7897 T7887 punct .,showed
R7016 T7898 T7899 det This,increase
R7017 T7899 T7903 nsubj increase,was
R7018 T7900 T7899 prep in,increase
R7019 T7901 T7902 compound TNF-α,production
R7020 T7902 T7900 pobj production,in
R7021 T7903 T7903 ROOT was,was
R7022 T7904 T7905 advmod significantly,smaller
R7023 T7905 T7903 acomp smaller,was
R7024 T7906 T7903 punct (,was
R7025 T7907 T7903 prep about,was
R7026 T7908 T7907 pobj 10-fold,about
R7027 T7909 T7908 punct ),10-fold
R7028 T7910 T7903 prep than,was
R7029 T7911 T7912 det the,one
R7030 T7912 T7910 pobj one,than
R7031 T7913 T7912 acl presented,one
R7032 T7914 T7913 agent by,presented
R7033 T7915 T7914 pobj PBM,by
R7034 T7916 T7918 punct (,2A
R7035 T7917 T7918 compound Fig.,2A
R7036 T7918 T7915 appos 2A,PBM
R7037 T7919 T7918 punct ),2A
R7038 T7920 T7903 punct .,was
R7039 T7921 T7922 det No,TNF-α
R7040 T7922 T7924 nsubjpass TNF-α,released
R7041 T7923 T7924 auxpass was,released
R7042 T7924 T7924 ROOT released,released
R7043 T7925 T7924 prep from,released
R7044 T7926 T7927 nummod THP-1,cells
R7045 T7927 T7925 pobj cells,from
R7046 T7928 T7927 acl exposed,cells
R7047 T7929 T7928 prep to,exposed
R7048 T7930 T7931 amod native,CGN
R7049 T7931 T7929 pobj CGN,to
R7050 T7932 T7934 punct (,shown
R7051 T7933 T7934 neg not,shown
R7052 T7934 T7931 parataxis shown,CGN
R7053 T7935 T7934 punct ),shown
R7054 T7936 T7924 punct .,released
R7055 T7937 T7938 amod TNF-α,production
R7056 T7938 T7942 nsubj production,was
R7057 T7939 T7938 prep by,production
R7058 T7940 T7941 nummod THP-1,cells
R7059 T7941 T7939 pobj cells,by
R7060 T7942 T7942 ROOT was,was
R7061 T7943 T7942 neg not,was
R7062 T7944 T7942 attr dose,was
R7063 T7945 T7944 amod dependent,dose
R7064 T7946 T7945 prep to,dependent
R7065 T7947 T7948 det the,amount
R7066 T7948 T7946 pobj amount,to
R7067 T7949 T7948 prep of,amount
R7068 T7950 T7949 pobj dCGN,of
R7069 T7951 T7948 acl used,amount
R7070 T7952 T7942 punct .,was
R7071 T7953 T7955 advmod Also,was
R7072 T7954 T7955 expl there,was
R7073 T7955 T7955 ROOT was,was
R7074 T7956 T7957 det no,difference
R7075 T7957 T7955 attr difference,was
R7076 T7958 T7957 prep between,difference
R7077 T7959 T7961 det the,forms
R7078 T7960 T7961 nummod two,forms
R7079 T7961 T7958 pobj forms,between
R7080 T7962 T7961 punct (,forms
R7081 T7963 T7966 nummod 10,kDa
R7082 T7964 T7963 cc and,10
R7083 T7965 T7963 conj 40,10
R7084 T7966 T7961 appos kDa,forms
R7085 T7967 T7961 punct ),forms
R7086 T7968 T7961 prep of,forms
R7087 T7969 T7968 pobj dCGN,of
R7088 T7970 T7969 punct (,dCGN
R7089 T7971 T7972 compound Fig.,2C
R7090 T7972 T7969 appos 2C,dCGN
R7091 T7973 T7969 punct ),dCGN
R7092 T7974 T7955 punct .,was
R7093 T7975 T7978 advmod Interestingly,release
R7094 T7976 T7978 punct ",",release
R7095 T7977 T7978 amod TNF-α,release
R7096 T7978 T7985 nsubj release,reached
R7097 T7979 T7978 prep from,release
R7098 T7980 T7981 nummod THP-1,cells
R7099 T7981 T7979 pobj cells,from
R7100 T7982 T7978 acl stimulated,release
R7101 T7983 T7982 prep with,stimulated
R7102 T7984 T7983 pobj dCGN,with
R7103 T7985 T7985 ROOT reached,reached
R7104 T7986 T7988 det a,level
R7105 T7987 T7988 amod maximum,level
R7106 T7988 T7985 dobj level,reached
R7107 T7989 T7988 prep at,level
R7108 T7990 T7991 nummod 32,h
R7109 T7991 T7989 pobj h,at
R7110 T7992 T7985 punct ",",reached
R7111 T7993 T7997 mark while,reached
R7112 T7994 T7997 nsubj stimulation,reached
R7113 T7995 T7994 prep with,stimulation
R7114 T7996 T7995 pobj LPS,with
R7115 T7997 T7985 advcl reached,reached
R7116 T7998 T8000 det a,level
R7117 T7999 T8000 amod maximum,level
R7118 T8000 T7997 dobj level,reached
R7119 T8001 T8000 prep at,level
R7120 T8002 T8003 nummod 56,h
R7121 T8003 T8001 pobj h,at
R7122 T8004 T8003 punct (,h
R7123 T8005 T8006 compound Fig.,2D
R7124 T8006 T8003 appos 2D,h
R7125 T8007 T8003 punct ),h
R7126 T8008 T7985 punct .,reached
R7441 T8434 T8447 nmod Effect,observations
R7442 T8435 T8434 prep of,Effect
R7443 T8436 T8439 amod Native,CGN
R7444 T8437 T8436 cc and,Native
R7445 T8438 T8436 conj Degraded,Native
R7446 T8439 T8435 pobj CGN,of
R7447 T8440 T8439 prep on,CGN
R7448 T8441 T8442 compound THP-1,Proliferation
R7449 T8442 T8440 pobj Proliferation,on
R7450 T8443 T8442 cc and,Proliferation
R7451 T8444 T8445 compound Cell,Cycle
R7452 T8445 T8442 conj Cycle,Proliferation
R7453 T8446 T8447 amod Preliminary,observations
R7454 T8447 T8475 nsubj observations,showed
R7455 T8448 T8447 prep by,observations
R7456 T8449 T8448 pobj enumeration,by
R7457 T8450 T8449 prep of,enumeration
R7458 T8451 T8452 nummod THP-1,cells
R7459 T8452 T8450 pobj cells,of
R7460 T8453 T8452 acl exposed,cells
R7461 T8454 T8453 prep to,exposed
R7462 T8455 T8456 amod different,concentrations
R7463 T8456 T8454 pobj concentrations,to
R7464 T8457 T8456 prep of,concentrations
R7465 T8458 T8457 pobj native,of
R7466 T8459 T8458 cc and,native
R7467 T8460 T8458 conj dCGN,native
R7468 T8461 T8460 punct (,dCGN
R7469 T8462 T8465 nummod 10,kDa
R7470 T8463 T8462 cc and,10
R7471 T8464 T8462 conj 40,10
R7472 T8465 T8460 appos kDa,dCGN
R7473 T8466 T8460 punct ),dCGN
R7474 T8467 T8453 prep during,exposed
R7475 T8468 T8473 nummod 2,days
R7476 T8469 T8468 punct ",",2
R7477 T8470 T8468 conj 5,2
R7478 T8471 T8470 cc and,5
R7479 T8472 T8470 conj 7,5
R7480 T8473 T8467 pobj days,during
R7481 T8474 T8475 punct ",",showed
R7482 T8475 T8475 ROOT showed,showed
R7483 T8476 T8477 det a,decline
R7484 T8477 T8475 dobj decline,showed
R7485 T8478 T8477 prep in,decline
R7486 T8479 T8480 compound cell,number
R7487 T8480 T8478 pobj number,in
R7488 T8481 T8480 punct (,number
R7489 T8482 T8480 appos data,number
R7490 T8483 T8484 neg not,shown
R7491 T8484 T8482 acl shown,data
R7492 T8485 T8482 punct ),data
R7493 T8486 T8475 punct .,showed
R7494 T8487 T8488 nsubj This,suggested
R7495 T8488 T8488 ROOT suggested,suggested
R7496 T8489 T8492 mark that,cause
R7497 T8490 T8492 nsubj dCGN,cause
R7498 T8491 T8492 aux might,cause
R7499 T8492 T8488 ccomp cause,suggested
R7500 T8493 T8494 det an,alteration
R7501 T8494 T8492 dobj alteration,cause
R7502 T8495 T8494 prep in,alteration
R7503 T8496 T8498 det the,cycle
R7504 T8497 T8498 compound cell,cycle
R7505 T8498 T8495 pobj cycle,in
R7506 T8499 T8488 punct .,suggested
R7507 T8500 T8501 compound Cell,cycle
R7508 T8501 T8502 compound cycle,analysis
R7509 T8502 T8506 nsubj analysis,showed
R7510 T8503 T8502 acl using,analysis
R7511 T8504 T8505 compound flow,cytometry
R7512 T8505 T8503 dobj cytometry,using
R7513 T8506 T8506 ROOT showed,showed
R7514 T8507 T8508 det an,accumulation
R7515 T8508 T8506 dobj accumulation,showed
R7516 T8509 T8508 prep of,accumulation
R7517 T8510 T8511 nummod THP-1,cells
R7518 T8511 T8509 pobj cells,of
R7519 T8512 T8508 prep in,accumulation
R7520 T8513 T8514 compound G0/G1,phase
R7521 T8514 T8512 pobj phase,in
R7522 T8515 T8514 punct ",",phase
R7523 T8516 T8518 nsubjpass which,associated
R7524 T8517 T8518 auxpass was,associated
R7525 T8518 T8514 relcl associated,phase
R7526 T8519 T8518 prep with,associated
R7527 T8520 T8522 det a,number
R7528 T8521 T8522 compound decrease,number
R7529 T8522 T8519 pobj number,with
R7530 T8523 T8522 prep of,number
R7531 T8524 T8523 pobj cells,of
R7532 T8525 T8522 prep in,number
R7533 T8526 T8528 det the,phase
R7534 T8527 T8528 compound S,phase
R7535 T8528 T8525 pobj phase,in
R7536 T8529 T8522 punct (,number
R7537 T8530 T8531 compound Fig.,3A
R7538 T8531 T8522 appos 3A,number
R7539 T8532 T8522 punct ),number
R7540 T8533 T8506 punct .,showed
R7541 T8534 T8535 det The,percentage
R7542 T8535 T8542 nsubj percentage,was
R7543 T8536 T8535 prep of,percentage
R7544 T8537 T8536 pobj cells,of
R7545 T8538 T8535 prep in,percentage
R7546 T8539 T8541 det the,phase
R7547 T8540 T8541 compound G0/G1,phase
R7548 T8541 T8538 pobj phase,in
R7549 T8542 T8542 ROOT was,was
R7550 T8543 T8544 nummod 45.2,%
R7551 T8544 T8542 attr %,was
R7552 T8545 T8544 prep for,%
R7553 T8546 T8547 compound control,cells
R7554 T8547 T8545 pobj cells,for
R7555 T8548 T8544 punct ",",%
R7556 T8549 T8550 nummod 62.6,%
R7557 T8550 T8544 appos %,%
R7558 T8551 T8550 prep for,%
R7559 T8552 T8553 compound C10,dCGN
R7560 T8553 T8551 pobj dCGN,for
R7561 T8554 T8555 punct (,at
R7562 T8555 T8550 prep at,%
R7563 T8556 T8557 nummod 2,mg/ml
R7564 T8557 T8555 pobj mg/ml,at
R7565 T8558 T8544 punct ),%
R7566 T8559 T8542 punct ",",was
R7567 T8560 T8542 cc and,was
R7568 T8561 T8562 nummod 64.2,%
R7569 T8562 T8542 conj %,was
R7570 T8563 T8562 prep for,%
R7571 T8564 T8565 compound C40,dCGN-treated
R7572 T8565 T8566 compound dCGN-treated,cells
R7573 T8566 T8563 pobj cells,for
R7574 T8567 T8568 punct (,at
R7575 T8568 T8562 parataxis at,%
R7576 T8569 T8570 nummod 2,mg/ml
R7577 T8570 T8568 pobj mg/ml,at
R7578 T8571 T8568 punct ),at
R7579 T8572 T8574 punct (,3B
R7580 T8573 T8574 compound Fig.,3B
R7581 T8574 T8562 appos 3B,%
R7582 T8575 T8574 punct ),3B
R7583 T8576 T8542 punct .,was
R7584 T8577 T8578 det The,effect
R7585 T8578 T8584 nsubj effect,was
R7586 T8579 T8578 prep of,effect
R7587 T8580 T8579 pobj dCGN,of
R7588 T8581 T8578 prep on,effect
R7589 T8582 T8583 compound cell,cycle
R7590 T8583 T8581 pobj cycle,on
R7591 T8584 T8584 ROOT was,was
R7592 T8585 T8584 acomp dose-dependent,was
R7593 T8586 T8588 punct (,3B
R7594 T8587 T8588 compound Fig.,3B
R7595 T8588 T8585 appos 3B,dose-dependent
R7596 T8589 T8588 punct ),3B
R7597 T8590 T8584 punct .,was
R7598 T8591 T8595 nsubj Neither,had
R7599 T8592 T8595 nsubj native,had
R7600 T8593 T8592 cc nor,native
R7601 T8594 T8592 conj dCGN,native
R7602 T8595 T8595 ROOT had,had
R7603 T8596 T8597 det an,effect
R7604 T8597 T8595 dobj effect,had
R7605 T8598 T8597 prep on,effect
R7606 T8599 T8600 det the,number
R7607 T8600 T8598 pobj number,on
R7608 T8601 T8600 prep of,number
R7609 T8602 T8601 pobj cells,of
R7610 T8603 T8600 prep in,number
R7611 T8604 T8606 det the,phase
R7612 T8605 T8606 compound G2/M,phase
R7613 T8606 T8603 pobj phase,in
R7614 T8607 T8600 punct (,number
R7615 T8608 T8600 appos Fig.,number
R7616 T8609 T8608 nummod 3,Fig.
R7617 T8610 T8600 punct ),number
R7618 T8611 T8595 punct .,had
R7619 T8612 T8613 det This,effect
R7620 T8613 T8614 nsubj effect,is
R7621 T8614 T8614 ROOT is,is
R7622 T8615 T8614 neg not,is
R7623 T8616 T8614 acomp due,is
R7624 T8617 T8616 prep to,due
R7625 T8618 T8617 pobj cytotoxicity,to
R7626 T8619 T8618 prep of,cytotoxicity
R7627 T8620 T8619 pobj dCGN,of
R7628 T8621 T8622 advmod even,at
R7629 T8622 T8614 prep at,is
R7630 T8623 T8625 det the,concentration
R7631 T8624 T8625 amod highest,concentration
R7632 T8625 T8622 pobj concentration,at
R7633 T8626 T8629 punct (,mg/ml
R7634 T8627 T8628 advmod i.e.,2
R7635 T8628 T8629 nummod 2,mg/ml
R7636 T8629 T8625 appos mg/ml,concentration
R7637 T8630 T8625 punct ),concentration
R7638 T8631 T8634 mark since,was
R7639 T8632 T8633 compound cell,viability
R7640 T8633 T8634 nsubj viability,was
R7641 T8634 T8614 advcl was,is
R7642 T8635 T8636 neg not,affected
R7643 T8636 T8634 acomp affected,was
R7644 T8637 T8640 punct (,shown
R7645 T8638 T8640 nsubjpass data,shown
R7646 T8639 T8640 neg not,shown
R7647 T8640 T8634 parataxis shown,was
R7648 T8641 T8640 punct ),shown
R7649 T8642 T8614 punct .,is
R8022 T9103 T9104 nummod ICAM-1,Expression
R8023 T9104 T9106 nsubjpass Expression,Induced
R8024 T9105 T9106 auxpass Is,Induced
R8025 T9106 T9106 ROOT Induced,Induced
R8026 T9107 T9106 agent by,Induced
R8027 T9108 T9109 amod Degraded,CGN
R8028 T9109 T9107 pobj CGN,by
R8029 T9110 T9106 cc and,Induced
R8030 T9111 T9106 conj Is,Induced
R8031 T9112 T9111 acomp Responsible,Is
R8032 T9113 T9112 prep for,Responsible
R8033 T9114 T9115 compound Monocytes,Aggregation
R8034 T9115 T9113 pobj Aggregation,for
R8035 T9116 T9139 prep In,incubated
R8036 T9117 T9116 pobj Vitro,In
R8037 T9118 T9139 prep In,incubated
R8038 T9119 T9118 pobj order,In
R8039 T9120 T9121 aux to,study
R8040 T9121 T9119 acl study,order
R8041 T9122 T9123 det the,effect
R8042 T9123 T9121 dobj effect,study
R8043 T9124 T9123 prep of,effect
R8044 T9125 T9124 pobj dCGN,of
R8045 T9126 T9123 prep on,effect
R8046 T9127 T9128 det the,expression
R8047 T9128 T9126 pobj expression,on
R8048 T9129 T9128 prep of,expression
R8049 T9130 T9131 compound cell,surface
R8050 T9131 T9132 compound surface,antigens
R8051 T9132 T9129 pobj antigens,of
R8052 T9133 T9132 punct ",",antigens
R8053 T9134 T9137 nmod PBM,cells
R8054 T9135 T9134 cc and,PBM
R8055 T9136 T9134 conj THP-1,PBM
R8056 T9137 T9139 nsubjpass cells,incubated
R8057 T9138 T9139 auxpass were,incubated
R8058 T9139 T9139 ROOT incubated,incubated
R8059 T9140 T9139 prep for,incubated
R8060 T9141 T9142 nummod 36,h
R8061 T9142 T9140 pobj h,for
R8062 T9143 T9142 prep in,h
R8063 T9144 T9145 det the,presence
R8064 T9145 T9143 pobj presence,in
R8065 T9146 T9145 cc and,presence
R8066 T9147 T9145 conj absence,presence
R8067 T9148 T9147 prep of,absence
R8068 T9149 T9148 pobj dCGN,of
R8069 T9150 T9139 punct .,incubated
R8070 T9151 T9152 det The,expression
R8071 T9152 T9159 nsubjpass expression,analyzed
R8072 T9153 T9152 prep of,expression
R8073 T9154 T9157 amod various,molecules
R8074 T9155 T9156 compound cell,surface
R8075 T9156 T9157 compound surface,molecules
R8076 T9157 T9153 pobj molecules,of
R8077 T9158 T9159 auxpass was,analyzed
R8078 T9159 T9159 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R8079 T9160 T9159 agent by,analyzed
R8080 T9161 T9162 compound flow,cytometry
R8081 T9162 T9160 pobj cytometry,by
R8082 T9163 T9164 mark as,described
R8083 T9164 T9159 advcl described,analyzed
R8084 T9165 T9164 prep in,described
R8085 T9166 T9165 pobj materials,in
R8086 T9167 T9166 cc and,materials
R8087 T9168 T9166 conj methods,materials
R8088 T9169 T9159 punct .,analyzed
R8089 T9170 T9171 det Both,forms
R8090 T9171 T9175 nsubj forms,stimulated
R8091 T9172 T9171 prep of,forms
R8092 T9173 T9172 pobj dCGN,of
R8093 T9174 T9175 advmod clearly,stimulated
R8094 T9175 T9175 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R8095 T9176 T9175 dobj expression,stimulated
R8096 T9177 T9176 prep of,expression
R8097 T9178 T9177 pobj ICAM-1,of
R8098 T9179 T9180 punct (,CD54
R8099 T9180 T9178 appos CD54,ICAM-1
R8100 T9181 T9178 punct ),ICAM-1
R8101 T9182 T9175 prep on,stimulated
R8102 T9183 T9186 nmod PBM,cells
R8103 T9184 T9183 cc and,PBM
R8104 T9185 T9183 conj THP-1,PBM
R8105 T9186 T9182 pobj cells,on
R8106 T9187 T9189 punct (,4A
R8107 T9188 T9189 compound Fig.,4A
R8108 T9189 T9175 parataxis 4A,stimulated
R8109 T9190 T9189 punct ),4A
R8110 T9191 T9175 punct .,stimulated
R8111 T9192 T9193 det The,increase
R8112 T9193 T9197 nsubj increase,was
R8113 T9194 T9193 prep in,increase
R8114 T9195 T9196 compound ICAM-1,expression
R8115 T9196 T9194 pobj expression,in
R8116 T9197 T9197 ROOT was,was
R8117 T9198 T9197 acomp higher,was
R8118 T9199 T9198 prep on,higher
R8119 T9200 T9201 nummod THP-1,cells
R8120 T9201 T9199 pobj cells,on
R8121 T9202 T9201 acl treated,cells
R8122 T9203 T9202 prep with,treated
R8123 T9204 T9206 nummod 40,dCGN
R8124 T9205 T9206 compound kDa,dCGN
R8125 T9206 T9203 pobj dCGN,with
R8126 T9207 T9206 punct (,dCGN
R8127 T9208 T9209 compound Fig.,4B
R8128 T9209 T9206 appos 4B,dCGN
R8129 T9210 T9206 punct ),dCGN
R8130 T9211 T9197 punct .,was
R8131 T9212 T9214 det Another,antigen
R8132 T9213 T9214 compound surface,antigen
R8133 T9214 T9226 nsubjpass antigen,reduced
R8134 T9215 T9214 punct ",",antigen
R8135 T9216 T9219 det the,antigen
R8136 T9217 T9219 amod lymphocyte,antigen
R8137 T9218 T9219 amod function-associated,antigen
R8138 T9219 T9214 appos antigen,antigen
R8139 T9220 T9219 nummod 3,antigen
R8140 T9221 T9219 punct (,antigen
R8141 T9222 T9219 appos CD58,antigen
R8142 T9223 T9219 punct ),antigen
R8143 T9224 T9226 auxpass was,reduced
R8144 T9225 T9226 advmod slightly,reduced
R8145 T9226 T9226 ROOT reduced,reduced
R8146 T9227 T9226 prep on,reduced
R8147 T9228 T9227 pobj PBM,on
R8148 T9229 T9226 prep after,reduced
R8149 T9230 T9229 pobj treatment,after
R8150 T9231 T9226 prep with,reduced
R8151 T9232 T9234 nummod 40,dCGN
R8152 T9233 T9234 compound kDa,dCGN
R8153 T9234 T9231 pobj dCGN,with
R8154 T9235 T9234 punct (,dCGN
R8155 T9236 T9237 compound Fig.,4B
R8156 T9237 T9234 appos 4B,dCGN
R8157 T9238 T9234 punct ),dCGN
R8158 T9239 T9226 punct .,reduced
R8159 T9240 T9270 advmod Interestingly,seemed
R8160 T9241 T9270 punct ",",seemed
R8161 T9242 T9270 nsubj expression,seemed
R8162 T9243 T9242 prep of,expression
R8163 T9244 T9247 amod major,molecules
R8164 T9245 T9247 amod histocompatibility,molecules
R8165 T9246 T9247 amod complex,molecules
R8166 T9247 T9243 pobj molecules,of
R8167 T9248 T9247 prep of,molecules
R8168 T9249 T9248 pobj class,of
R8169 T9250 T9249 nummod I,class
R8170 T9251 T9250 punct (,I
R8171 T9252 T9250 appos HLA-ABC,I
R8172 T9253 T9252 punct ),HLA-ABC
R8173 T9254 T9250 cc and,I
R8174 T9255 T9249 prep of,class
R8175 T9256 T9255 pobj class,of
R8176 T9257 T9256 nummod II,class
R8177 T9258 T9259 punct (,HLA-DR
R8178 T9259 T9257 appos HLA-DR,II
R8179 T9260 T9257 punct ),II
R8180 T9261 T9256 punct ",",class
R8181 T9262 T9264 advmod as,as
R8182 T9263 T9264 advmod well,as
R8183 T9264 T9247 cc as,molecules
R8184 T9265 T9267 det the,marker
R8185 T9266 T9267 compound monocyte,marker
R8186 T9267 T9247 conj marker,molecules
R8187 T9268 T9267 appos CD14,marker
R8188 T9269 T9270 punct ",",seemed
R8189 T9270 T9270 ROOT seemed,seemed
R8190 T9271 T9273 aux to,reduced
R8191 T9272 T9273 auxpass be,reduced
R8192 T9273 T9270 xcomp reduced,seemed
R8193 T9274 T9273 prep by,reduced
R8194 T9275 T9274 pobj treatment,by
R8195 T9276 T9273 prep with,reduced
R8196 T9277 T9276 pobj dCGN,with
R8197 T9278 T9277 punct (,dCGN
R8198 T9279 T9280 compound Fig.,4B
R8199 T9280 T9277 appos 4B,dCGN
R8200 T9281 T9277 punct ),dCGN
R8201 T9282 T9270 punct .,seemed
R8202 T9283 T9287 advmod However,were
R8203 T9284 T9287 punct ",",were
R8204 T9285 T9286 det these,differences
R8205 T9286 T9287 nsubj differences,were
R8206 T9287 T9287 ROOT were,were
R8207 T9288 T9287 neg not,were
R8208 T9289 T9290 advmod statistically,significant
R8209 T9290 T9287 acomp significant,were
R8210 T9291 T9287 punct .,were
R8211 T9292 T9296 nsubj Treatment,induced
R8212 T9293 T9292 prep with,Treatment
R8213 T9294 T9293 pobj dCGN,with
R8214 T9295 T9296 advmod also,induced
R8215 T9296 T9296 ROOT induced,induced
R8216 T9297 T9299 det a,aggregation
R8217 T9298 T9299 amod strong,aggregation
R8218 T9299 T9296 dobj aggregation,induced
R8219 T9300 T9299 prep of,aggregation
R8220 T9301 T9300 pobj monocytes,of
R8221 T9302 T9299 punct ",",aggregation
R8222 T9303 T9299 acl detected,aggregation
R8223 T9304 T9303 agent by,detected
R8224 T9305 T9308 nmod phase,microscopy
R8225 T9306 T9308 nmod contrast,microscopy
R8226 T9307 T9308 amod inverse,microscopy
R8227 T9308 T9304 pobj microscopy,by
R8228 T9309 T9310 punct (,Fig.
R8229 T9310 T9308 appos Fig.,microscopy
R8230 T9311 T9310 nummod 5,Fig.
R8231 T9312 T9310 punct ),Fig.
R8232 T9313 T9296 punct .,induced
R8233 T9314 T9319 mark Although,observed
R8234 T9315 T9316 det this,effect
R8235 T9316 T9319 nsubjpass effect,observed
R8236 T9317 T9319 auxpass was,observed
R8237 T9318 T9319 advmod easily,observed
R8238 T9319 T9339 advcl observed,observed
R8239 T9320 T9319 prep in,observed
R8240 T9321 T9320 pobj monocytes,in
R8241 T9322 T9319 advmod incubated,observed
R8242 T9323 T9322 prep with,incubated
R8243 T9324 T9327 det the,dCGN
R8244 T9325 T9327 nummod 10,dCGN
R8245 T9326 T9327 compound kDa,dCGN
R8246 T9327 T9323 pobj dCGN,with
R8247 T9328 T9327 punct (,dCGN
R8248 T9329 T9330 compound Fig.,5B
R8249 T9330 T9327 appos 5B,dCGN
R8250 T9331 T9327 punct ),dCGN
R8251 T9332 T9339 punct ",",observed
R8252 T9333 T9337 det a,aggregation
R8253 T9334 T9335 advmod more,robust
R8254 T9335 T9337 amod robust,aggregation
R8255 T9336 T9337 compound cell,aggregation
R8256 T9337 T9339 nsubjpass aggregation,observed
R8257 T9338 T9339 auxpass was,observed
R8258 T9339 T9339 ROOT observed,observed
R8259 T9340 T9339 prep in,observed
R8260 T9341 T9340 pobj monocytes,in
R8261 T9342 T9339 advcl incubated,observed
R8262 T9343 T9342 prep with,incubated
R8263 T9344 T9347 det the,dCGN
R8264 T9345 T9347 nummod 40,dCGN
R8265 T9346 T9347 compound kDa,dCGN
R8266 T9347 T9343 pobj dCGN,with
R8267 T9348 T9347 punct (,dCGN
R8268 T9349 T9350 compound Fig.,5C
R8269 T9350 T9347 appos 5C,dCGN
R8270 T9351 T9347 punct ),dCGN
R8271 T9352 T9339 punct .,observed
R8272 T9353 T9356 nsubjpass ICAM-1,proposed
R8273 T9354 T9356 aux has,proposed
R8274 T9355 T9356 auxpass been,proposed
R8275 T9356 T9356 ROOT proposed,proposed
R8276 T9357 T9358 aux to,be
R8277 T9358 T9356 xcomp be,proposed
R8278 T9359 T9362 det the,molecule
R8279 T9360 T9362 amod main,molecule
R8280 T9361 T9362 compound adhesion,molecule
R8281 T9362 T9358 attr molecule,be
R8282 T9363 T9362 amod responsible,molecule
R8283 T9364 T9363 prep for,responsible
R8284 T9365 T9366 compound monocyte,aggregation
R8285 T9366 T9364 pobj aggregation,for
R8286 T9367 T9356 punct .,proposed
R8287 T9368 T9369 aux To,confirm
R8288 T9369 T9374 advcl confirm,incubated
R8289 T9370 T9369 dobj this,confirm
R8290 T9371 T9374 punct ",",incubated
R8291 T9372 T9374 nsubjpass monocytes,incubated
R8292 T9373 T9374 auxpass were,incubated
R8293 T9374 T9374 ROOT incubated,incubated
R8294 T9375 T9374 prep with,incubated
R8295 T9376 T9377 det both,types
R8296 T9377 T9375 pobj types,with
R8297 T9378 T9377 prep of,types
R8298 T9379 T9378 pobj dCGN,of
R8299 T9380 T9374 prep in,incubated
R8300 T9381 T9382 det the,presence
R8301 T9382 T9380 pobj presence,in
R8302 T9383 T9382 prep of,presence
R8303 T9384 T9386 det an,antibody
R8304 T9385 T9386 amod anti-ICAM-1,antibody
R8305 T9386 T9383 pobj antibody,of
R8306 T9387 T9382 punct ",",presence
R8307 T9388 T9390 det an,antibody
R8308 T9389 T9390 amod anti-CD58,antibody
R8309 T9390 T9382 conj antibody,presence
R8310 T9391 T9390 cc and,antibody
R8311 T9392 T9396 det an,antibody
R8312 T9393 T9394 compound isotype,control
R8313 T9394 T9396 nmod control,antibody
R8314 T9395 T9396 amod IgG1,antibody
R8315 T9396 T9390 conj antibody,antibody
R8316 T9397 T9374 punct .,incubated
R8317 T9398 T9400 det The,antibody
R8318 T9399 T9400 amod anti-ICAM-1,antibody
R8319 T9400 T9402 nsubj antibody,blocked
R8320 T9401 T9402 advmod effectively,blocked
R8321 T9402 T9402 ROOT blocked,blocked
R8322 T9403 T9405 det the,aggregates
R8323 T9404 T9405 compound cell,aggregates
R8324 T9405 T9402 dobj aggregates,blocked
R8325 T9406 T9405 acl induced,aggregates
R8326 T9407 T9406 agent by,induced
R8327 T9408 T9407 pobj dCGN,by
R8328 T9409 T9411 punct (,5D
R8329 T9410 T9411 compound Fig.,5D
R8330 T9411 T9408 appos 5D,dCGN
R8331 T9412 T9411 punct ",",5D
R8332 T9413 T9411 appos 5E,5D
R8333 T9414 T9411 punct ),5D
R8334 T9415 T9402 punct ",",blocked
R8335 T9416 T9417 advmod strongly,suggesting
R8336 T9417 T9402 advcl suggesting,blocked
R8337 T9418 T9421 mark that,is
R8338 T9419 T9421 advmod indeed,is
R8339 T9420 T9421 nsubj ICAM-1,is
R8340 T9421 T9417 ccomp is,suggesting
R8341 T9422 T9421 acomp responsible,is
R8342 T9423 T9422 prep for,responsible
R8343 T9424 T9425 compound monocyte,aggregation
R8344 T9425 T9423 pobj aggregation,for
R8345 T9426 T9402 punct .,blocked
R8346 T9427 T9437 nsubj Both,modify
R8347 T9428 T9429 det the,control
R8348 T9429 T9437 nsubj control,modify
R8349 T9430 T9429 appos IgG1,control
R8350 T9431 T9429 cc and,control
R8351 T9432 T9434 det the,antibody
R8352 T9433 T9434 amod anti-CD58,antibody
R8353 T9434 T9429 conj antibody,control
R8354 T9435 T9437 aux did,modify
R8355 T9436 T9437 neg not,modify
R8356 T9437 T9437 ROOT modify,modify
R8357 T9438 T9439 compound monocyte,aggregation
R8358 T9439 T9437 dobj aggregation,modify
R8359 T9440 T9443 punct (,shown
R8360 T9441 T9443 nsubjpass data,shown
R8361 T9442 T9443 neg not,shown
R8362 T9443 T9437 parataxis shown,modify
R8363 T9444 T9443 punct ),shown
R8364 T9445 T9437 punct .,modify
R8509 T9710 T9712 amod Degraded,Induce
R8510 T9711 T9712 nsubj CGN,Induce
R8511 T9712 T9712 ROOT Induce,Induce
R8512 T9713 T9714 det an,Increase
R8513 T9714 T9712 dobj Increase,Induce
R8514 T9715 T9714 prep in,Increase
R8515 T9716 T9715 pobj ICAM-1,in
R8516 T9717 T9716 cc and,ICAM-1
R8517 T9718 T9719 compound TNF-α,mRNA
R8518 T9719 T9720 compound mRNA,Expression
R8519 T9720 T9716 conj Expression,ICAM-1
R8520 T9721 T9722 det The,increase
R8521 T9722 T9712 dobj increase,Induce
R8522 T9723 T9722 prep in,increase
R8523 T9724 T9726 nmod surface,expression
R8524 T9725 T9726 compound ICAM-1,expression
R8525 T9726 T9723 pobj expression,in
R8526 T9727 T9726 cc and,expression
R8527 T9728 T9729 amod TNF-α,production
R8528 T9729 T9726 conj production,expression
R8529 T9730 T9722 prep by,increase
R8530 T9731 T9730 pobj monocytes,by
R8531 T9732 T9731 acl correlated,monocytes
R8532 T9733 T9732 prep with,correlated
R8533 T9734 T9735 det an,upregulation
R8534 T9735 T9733 pobj upregulation,with
R8535 T9736 T9735 prep of,upregulation
R8536 T9737 T9736 pobj mRNA,of
R8537 T9738 T9735 prep for,upregulation
R8538 T9739 T9740 det these,molecules
R8539 T9740 T9738 pobj molecules,for
R8540 T9741 T9712 punct .,Induce
R8541 T9742 T9744 preconj Both,kDa
R8542 T9743 T9744 nummod 10,kDa
R8543 T9744 T9749 nsubj kDa,induced
R8544 T9745 T9744 cc and,kDa
R8545 T9746 T9748 nummod 40,dCGN
R8546 T9747 T9748 compound kDa,dCGN
R8547 T9748 T9744 conj dCGN,kDa
R8548 T9749 T9749 ROOT induced,induced
R8549 T9750 T9752 det a,increase
R8550 T9751 T9752 amod robust,increase
R8551 T9752 T9749 dobj increase,induced
R8552 T9753 T9752 prep in,increase
R8553 T9754 T9753 pobj mRNA,in
R8554 T9755 T9752 prep for,increase
R8555 T9756 T9757 det both,ICAM-1
R8556 T9757 T9755 pobj ICAM-1,for
R8557 T9758 T9757 cc and,ICAM-1
R8558 T9759 T9757 conj TNF-α,ICAM-1
R8559 T9760 T9761 punct (,Fig.
R8560 T9761 T9759 appos Fig.,TNF-α
R8561 T9762 T9761 nummod 6,Fig.
R8562 T9763 T9759 punct ),TNF-α
R8563 T9764 T9749 punct .,induced
R8564 T9765 T9767 amod β-actin,levels
R8565 T9766 T9767 compound mRNA,levels
R8566 T9767 T9770 nsubjpass levels,affected
R8567 T9768 T9770 auxpass were,affected
R8568 T9769 T9770 neg not,affected
R8569 T9770 T9770 ROOT affected,affected
R8570 T9771 T9770 agent by,affected
R8571 T9772 T9773 compound dCGN,treatment
R8572 T9773 T9771 pobj treatment,by
R8573 T9774 T9770 punct .,affected
R9088 T10499 T10501 amod Degraded,Induce
R9089 T10500 T10501 compound CGN,Induce
R9090 T10501 T10501 ROOT Induce,Induce
R9091 T10502 T10503 compound IκB,Degradation
R9092 T10503 T10501 dobj Degradation,Induce
R9093 T10504 T10503 cc and,Degradation
R9094 T10505 T10506 compound NF-κB,Activation
R9095 T10506 T10517 nsubjpass Activation,controlled
R9096 T10507 T10508 det The,expression
R9097 T10508 T10506 appos expression,Activation
R9098 T10509 T10508 prep of,expression
R9099 T10510 T10509 pobj genes,of
R9100 T10511 T10510 acl encoding,genes
R9101 T10512 T10511 prep for,encoding
R9102 T10513 T10512 pobj ICAM-1,for
R9103 T10514 T10513 cc and,ICAM-1
R9104 T10515 T10513 conj TNF-α,ICAM-1
R9105 T10516 T10517 auxpass is,controlled
R9106 T10517 T10501 relcl controlled,Induce
R9107 T10518 T10517 agent by,controlled
R9108 T10519 T10521 det the,factor
R9109 T10520 T10521 amod nuclear,factor
R9110 T10521 T10522 compound factor,NF-κB
R9111 T10522 T10518 pobj NF-κB,by
R9112 T10523 T10517 punct .,controlled
R9113 T10524 T10525 amod Site-specific,phosphorylation
R9114 T10525 T10530 nsubj phosphorylation,leads
R9115 T10526 T10525 prep of,phosphorylation
R9116 T10527 T10528 det the,inhibitor
R9117 T10528 T10526 pobj inhibitor,of
R9118 T10529 T10530 nsubj IκB,leads
R9119 T10530 T10530 ROOT leads,leads
R9120 T10531 T10530 prep to,leads
R9121 T10532 T10533 poss its,degradation
R9122 T10533 T10531 pobj degradation,to
R9123 T10534 T10533 prep by,degradation
R9124 T10535 T10534 pobj proteasome,by
R9125 T10536 T10531 cc and,to
R9126 T10537 T10531 conj to,to
R9127 T10538 T10540 det a,activation
R9128 T10539 T10540 amod consequential,activation
R9129 T10540 T10537 pobj activation,to
R9130 T10541 T10540 prep of,activation
R9131 T10542 T10544 det the,pathway
R9132 T10543 T10544 compound NF-κB,pathway
R9133 T10544 T10541 pobj pathway,of
R9134 T10545 T10530 punct .,leads
R9135 T10546 T10556 advcl Using,confirmed
R9136 T10547 T10549 det a,plasmid
R9137 T10548 T10549 compound reporter,plasmid
R9138 T10549 T10546 dobj plasmid,Using
R9139 T10550 T10549 prep for,plasmid
R9140 T10551 T10552 amod NF-κB,activation
R9141 T10552 T10550 pobj activation,for
R9142 T10553 T10556 punct ",",confirmed
R9143 T10554 T10556 nsubjpass it,confirmed
R9144 T10555 T10556 auxpass was,confirmed
R9145 T10556 T10556 ROOT confirmed,confirmed
R9146 T10557 T10559 mark that,induced
R9147 T10558 T10559 nsubj dCGN,induced
R9148 T10559 T10556 ccomp induced,confirmed
R9149 T10560 T10562 det a,activation
R9150 T10561 T10562 amod strong,activation
R9151 T10562 T10559 dobj activation,induced
R9152 T10563 T10562 prep of,activation
R9153 T10564 T10563 pobj NF-κB,of
R9154 T10565 T10559 punct ",",induced
R9155 T10566 T10567 mark as,reflected
R9156 T10567 T10559 advcl reflected,induced
R9157 T10568 T10567 agent by,reflected
R9158 T10569 T10570 det an,increase
R9159 T10570 T10568 pobj increase,by
R9160 T10571 T10570 prep in,increase
R9161 T10572 T10573 compound luciferase,activity
R9162 T10573 T10571 pobj activity,in
R9163 T10574 T10576 punct (,7A
R9164 T10575 T10576 compound Fig.,7A
R9165 T10576 T10570 appos 7A,increase
R9166 T10577 T10576 punct ),7A
R9167 T10578 T10556 punct .,confirmed
R9168 T10579 T10580 det Both,forms
R9169 T10580 T10583 nsubj forms,used
R9170 T10581 T10580 prep of,forms
R9171 T10582 T10581 pobj dCGN,of
R9172 T10583 T10583 ROOT used,used
R9173 T10584 T10586 amod induced,activation
R9174 T10585 T10586 compound NF-κB,activation
R9175 T10586 T10583 dobj activation,used
R9176 T10587 T10583 prep in,used
R9177 T10588 T10591 det a,manner
R9178 T10589 T10590 npadvmod dose,dependent
R9179 T10590 T10591 amod dependent,manner
R9180 T10591 T10587 pobj manner,in
R9181 T10592 T10583 punct .,used
R9182 T10593 T10597 advmod However,was
R9183 T10594 T10597 punct ",",was
R9184 T10595 T10596 det the,effect
R9185 T10596 T10597 nsubj effect,was
R9186 T10597 T10600 auxpass was,induced
R9187 T10598 T10599 advmod more,strongly
R9188 T10599 T10600 advmod strongly,induced
R9189 T10600 T10600 ROOT induced,induced
R9190 T10601 T10600 agent by,induced
R9191 T10602 T10605 det the,dCGN
R9192 T10603 T10605 nummod 40,dCGN
R9193 T10604 T10605 compound kDa,dCGN
R9194 T10605 T10601 pobj dCGN,by
R9195 T10606 T10608 punct (,7A
R9196 T10607 T10608 compound Fig.,7A
R9197 T10608 T10605 appos 7A,dCGN
R9198 T10609 T10608 punct ),7A
R9199 T10610 T10600 punct .,induced
R9200 T10611 T10612 det These,results
R9201 T10612 T10615 nsubjpass results,confirmed
R9202 T10613 T10615 auxpass were,confirmed
R9203 T10614 T10615 advmod further,confirmed
R9204 T10615 T10615 ROOT confirmed,confirmed
R9205 T10616 T10615 agent by,confirmed
R9206 T10617 T10618 advmod directly,detecting
R9207 T10618 T10616 pcomp detecting,by
R9208 T10619 T10618 dobj NF-κB,detecting
R9209 T10620 T10619 prep in,NF-κB
R9210 T10621 T10623 det the,nucleus
R9211 T10622 T10623 compound cell,nucleus
R9212 T10623 T10620 pobj nucleus,in
R9213 T10624 T10618 prep by,detecting
R9214 T10625 T10626 amod Western,blotting
R9215 T10626 T10624 pobj blotting,by
R9216 T10627 T10626 punct (,blotting
R9217 T10628 T10629 compound Fig.,7C
R9218 T10629 T10626 appos 7C,blotting
R9219 T10630 T10629 punct ),7C
R9220 T10631 T10624 cc and,by
R9221 T10632 T10624 conj by,by
R9222 T10633 T10632 pobj FACS,by
R9223 T10634 T10633 punct (,FACS
R9224 T10635 T10636 compound Fig.,7D
R9225 T10636 T10633 appos 7D,FACS
R9226 T10637 T10633 punct ),FACS
R9227 T10638 T10615 punct .,confirmed
R9228 T10639 T10640 det These,assays
R9229 T10640 T10642 nsubj assays,allowed
R9230 T10641 T10642 advmod also,allowed
R9231 T10642 T10642 ROOT allowed,allowed
R9232 T10643 T10645 nsubj us,determine
R9233 T10644 T10645 aux to,determine
R9234 T10645 T10642 ccomp determine,allowed
R9235 T10646 T10650 nsubjpass what,activated
R9236 T10647 T10648 compound NF-κB,subunits
R9237 T10648 T10650 nsubjpass subunits,activated
R9238 T10649 T10650 auxpass were,activated
R9239 T10650 T10645 ccomp activated,determine
R9240 T10651 T10650 agent by,activated
R9241 T10652 T10651 pobj dCGN,by
R9242 T10653 T10642 punct .,allowed
R9243 T10654 T10655 det Both,forms
R9244 T10655 T10664 nsubj forms,induced
R9245 T10656 T10655 punct (,forms
R9246 T10657 T10660 nummod 10,kDa
R9247 T10658 T10657 cc or,10
R9248 T10659 T10657 conj 40,10
R9249 T10660 T10655 appos kDa,forms
R9250 T10661 T10655 punct ),forms
R9251 T10662 T10655 prep of,forms
R9252 T10663 T10662 pobj dCGN,of
R9253 T10664 T10664 ROOT induced,induced
R9254 T10665 T10664 dobj activation,induced
R9255 T10666 T10665 prep of,activation
R9256 T10667 T10668 det the,p50
R9257 T10668 T10666 pobj p50,of
R9258 T10669 T10668 cc and,p50
R9259 T10670 T10671 nummod p65,subunits
R9260 T10671 T10665 appos subunits,activation
R9261 T10672 T10671 prep of,subunits
R9262 T10673 T10672 pobj NF-κB,of
R9263 T10674 T10664 punct .,induced
R9264 T10675 T10677 det This,factor
R9265 T10676 T10677 amod nuclear,factor
R9266 T10677 T10678 nsubj factor,was
R9267 T10678 T10678 ROOT was,was
R9268 T10679 T10678 acomp present,was
R9269 T10680 T10679 prep in,present
R9270 T10681 T10682 amod low,levels
R9271 T10682 T10680 pobj levels,in
R9272 T10683 T10682 prep in,levels
R9273 T10684 T10686 det the,nucleus
R9274 T10685 T10686 compound cell,nucleus
R9275 T10686 T10683 pobj nucleus,in
R9276 T10687 T10678 cc and,was
R9277 T10688 T10678 conj increased,was
R9278 T10689 T10688 advmod considerably,increased
R9279 T10690 T10688 prep after,increased
R9280 T10691 T10690 pobj treatment,after
R9281 T10692 T10688 prep with,increased
R9282 T10693 T10692 pobj dCGN,with
R9283 T10694 T10678 punct .,was
R9284 T10695 T10696 amod Western,blots
R9285 T10696 T10697 nsubj blots,suggested
R9286 T10697 T10697 ROOT suggested,suggested
R9287 T10698 T10702 det the,form
R9288 T10699 T10702 det the,form
R9289 T10700 T10702 nummod 40,form
R9290 T10701 T10702 compound kDa,form
R9291 T10702 T10705 nsubj form,induced
R9292 T10703 T10702 prep of,form
R9293 T10704 T10703 pobj dCGN,of
R9294 T10705 T10697 ccomp induced,suggested
R9295 T10706 T10708 det a,activation
R9296 T10707 T10708 amod stronger,activation
R9297 T10708 T10705 dobj activation,induced
R9298 T10709 T10708 prep of,activation
R9299 T10710 T10709 pobj NF-κB,of
R9300 T10711 T10710 punct (,NF-κB
R9301 T10712 T10713 compound Fig.,7C
R9302 T10713 T10710 appos 7C,NF-κB
R9303 T10714 T10710 punct ),NF-κB
R9304 T10715 T10697 punct .,suggested
R9305 T10716 T10719 det A,assay
R9306 T10717 T10719 amod more,assay
R9307 T10718 T10719 amod sentive,assay
R9308 T10719 T10724 nsubj assay,is
R9309 T10720 T10719 prep for,assay
R9310 T10721 T10722 amod nuclear,factor
R9311 T10722 T10723 compound factor,activation
R9312 T10723 T10720 pobj activation,for
R9313 T10724 T10724 ROOT is,is
R9314 T10725 T10726 compound flow,cytometry
R9315 T10726 T10724 attr cytometry,is
R9316 T10727 T10726 prep of,cytometry
R9317 T10728 T10727 pobj nuclei,of
R9318 T10729 T10726 acl stained,cytometry
R9319 T10730 T10729 prep with,stained
R9320 T10731 T10732 amod specific,antibodies
R9321 T10732 T10730 pobj antibodies,with
R9322 T10733 T10732 prep for,antibodies
R9323 T10734 T10736 det the,factor
R9324 T10735 T10736 amod nuclear,factor
R9325 T10736 T10733 pobj factor,for
R9326 T10737 T10736 prep of,factor
R9327 T10738 T10737 pobj interest,of
R9328 T10739 T10724 punct .,is
R9329 T10740 T10754 prep In,showed
R9330 T10741 T10740 pobj agreement,In
R9331 T10742 T10741 prep with,agreement
R9332 T10743 T10745 det the,data
R9333 T10744 T10745 amod previous,data
R9334 T10745 T10742 pobj data,with
R9335 T10746 T10754 punct ",",showed
R9336 T10747 T10748 compound FACS,analysis
R9337 T10748 T10754 nsubj analysis,showed
R9338 T10749 T10748 prep of,analysis
R9339 T10750 T10749 pobj nuclei,of
R9340 T10751 T10748 prep from,analysis
R9341 T10752 T10753 nummod THP-1,cells
R9342 T10753 T10751 pobj cells,from
R9343 T10754 T10754 ROOT showed,showed
R9344 T10755 T10757 mark that,was
R9345 T10756 T10757 expl there,was
R9346 T10757 T10754 ccomp was,showed
R9347 T10758 T10760 det a,level
R9348 T10759 T10760 amod basal,level
R9349 T10760 T10757 attr level,was
R9350 T10761 T10760 prep of,level
R9351 T10762 T10763 amod nuclear,NF-κB
R9352 T10763 T10761 pobj NF-κB,of
R9353 T10764 T10763 punct (,NF-κB
R9354 T10765 T10766 compound Fig.,7D
R9355 T10766 T10763 appos 7D,NF-κB
R9356 T10767 T10763 punct ),NF-κB
R9357 T10768 T10754 punct .,showed
R9358 T10769 T10781 advmod Again,induced
R9359 T10770 T10781 punct ",",induced
R9360 T10771 T10772 det both,forms
R9361 T10772 T10781 nsubj forms,induced
R9362 T10773 T10772 punct (,forms
R9363 T10774 T10777 nummod 10,kDa
R9364 T10775 T10774 cc or,10
R9365 T10776 T10774 conj 40,10
R9366 T10777 T10772 appos kDa,forms
R9367 T10778 T10772 punct ),forms
R9368 T10779 T10772 prep of,forms
R9369 T10780 T10779 pobj dCGN,of
R9370 T10781 T10781 ROOT induced,induced
R9371 T10782 T10783 det an,increase
R9372 T10783 T10781 dobj increase,induced
R9373 T10784 T10783 prep of,increase
R9374 T10785 T10786 det the,p50
R9375 T10786 T10789 nummod p50,subunits
R9376 T10787 T10786 cc and,p50
R9377 T10788 T10786 conj p65,p50
R9378 T10789 T10784 pobj subunits,of
R9379 T10790 T10789 prep of,subunits
R9380 T10791 T10790 pobj NF-κB,of
R9381 T10792 T10783 prep in,increase
R9382 T10793 T10794 det the,nucleus
R9383 T10794 T10792 pobj nucleus,in
R9384 T10795 T10794 prep of,nucleus
R9385 T10796 T10797 det these,cells
R9386 T10797 T10795 pobj cells,of
R9387 T10798 T10781 punct .,induced
R9388 T10799 T10803 det The,CGN
R9389 T10800 T10801 nummod 40,kDa
R9390 T10801 T10803 nmod kDa,CGN
R9391 T10802 T10803 amod degraded,CGN
R9392 T10803 T10804 nsubj CGN,gave
R9393 T10804 T10804 ROOT gave,gave
R9394 T10805 T10807 det a,increase
R9395 T10806 T10807 amod stronger,increase
R9396 T10807 T10804 dobj increase,gave
R9397 T10808 T10807 prep of,increase
R9398 T10809 T10808 pobj NF-κB,of
R9399 T10810 T10812 punct (,7D
R9400 T10811 T10812 compound Fig.,7D
R9401 T10812 T10809 appos 7D,NF-κB
R9402 T10813 T10812 punct ),7D
R9403 T10814 T10804 punct .,gave
R9404 T10815 T10816 det These,data
R9405 T10816 T10818 nsubj data,suggest
R9406 T10817 T10818 advmod strongly,suggest
R9407 T10818 T10818 ROOT suggest,suggest
R9408 T10819 T10823 mark that,is
R9409 T10820 T10823 advmod the,is
R9410 T10821 T10823 nsubj heterodimer,is
R9411 T10822 T10821 nummod p50/p65,heterodimer
R9412 T10823 T10818 ccomp is,suggest
R9413 T10824 T10826 det the,isoform
R9414 T10825 T10826 amod NF-κB,isoform
R9415 T10826 T10823 attr isoform,is
R9416 T10827 T10826 acl activated,isoform
R9417 T10828 T10827 agent by,activated
R9418 T10829 T10830 amod degraded,CGN
R9419 T10830 T10828 pobj CGN,by
R9420 T10831 T10827 prep in,activated
R9421 T10832 T10831 pobj monocytes,in
R9422 T10833 T10818 punct .,suggest
R9423 T10834 T10844 prep In,observed
R9424 T10835 T10834 pobj addition,In
R9425 T10836 T10844 punct ",",observed
R9426 T10837 T10844 nsubjpass degradation,observed
R9427 T10838 T10837 prep of,degradation
R9428 T10839 T10840 det the,inhibitor
R9429 T10840 T10838 pobj inhibitor,of
R9430 T10841 T10844 nsubjpass IκBα,observed
R9431 T10842 T10844 auxpass was,observed
R9432 T10843 T10844 advmod also,observed
R9433 T10844 T10844 ROOT observed,observed
R9434 T10845 T10844 prep in,observed
R9435 T10846 T10845 pobj cells,in
R9436 T10847 T10846 acl treated,cells
R9437 T10848 T10847 prep with,treated
R9438 T10849 T10848 pobj dCGN,with
R9439 T10850 T10852 punct (,7B
R9440 T10851 T10852 compound Fig.,7B
R9441 T10852 T10849 appos 7B,dCGN
R9442 T10853 T10852 punct ),7B
R9443 T10854 T10844 punct .,observed
R9444 T10855 T10858 det No,degradation
R9445 T10856 T10858 amod significant,degradation
R9446 T10857 T10858 compound IκBα,degradation
R9447 T10858 T10860 nsubjpass degradation,detected
R9448 T10859 T10860 auxpass was,detected
R9449 T10860 T10860 ROOT detected,detected
R9450 T10861 T10860 prep within,detected
R9451 T10862 T10863 nummod two,hours
R9452 T10863 T10861 pobj hours,within
R9453 T10864 T10863 prep of,hours
R9454 T10865 T10866 compound dCGN,treatment
R9455 T10866 T10864 pobj treatment,of
R9456 T10867 T10860 punct ",",detected
R9457 T10868 T10860 cc but,detected
R9458 T10869 T10870 nsubj IκBα,was
R9459 T10870 T10872 auxpass was,degraded
R9460 T10871 T10872 advmod markedly,degraded
R9461 T10872 T10860 conj degraded,detected
R9462 T10873 T10872 prep by,degraded
R9463 T10874 T10875 nummod four,hours
R9464 T10875 T10873 pobj hours,by
R9465 T10876 T10875 prep of,hours
R9482 T10893 T10896 det the,sequence
R9483 T10894 T10895 amod nuclear,localisation
R9484 T10895 T10896 compound localisation,sequence
R9485 T10896 T10892 dobj sequence,masks
R9486 T10897 T10896 prep of,sequence
R9487 T10898 T10897 pobj p65,of
R9488 T10899 T10901 punct ",",is
R9489 T10900 T10901 nsubj it,is
R9490 T10901 T10901 ROOT is,is
R9491 T10902 T10906 det the,subunit
R9492 T10903 T10905 advmod most,degraded
R9493 T10904 T10905 advmod rapidly,degraded
R9494 T10905 T10906 amod degraded,subunit
R9495 T10906 T10901 attr subunit,is
R9496 T10907 T10906 cc and,subunit
R9497 T10908 T10911 det the,one
R9498 T10909 T10910 advmod most,studied
R9499 T10910 T10911 amod studied,one
R9500 T10911 T10906 conj one,subunit
R9501 T10912 T10901 punct .,is
R11440 T13291 T13283 appos ],infiltration
R11441 T13292 T13281 punct .,associated
R11442 T13293 T13294 det These,macrophages
R11443 T13294 T13295 nsubj macrophages,are
R11444 T13295 T13295 ROOT are,are
R11445 T13296 T13295 acomp able,are
R11446 T13297 T13298 aux to,initiate
R11447 T13298 T13296 xcomp initiate,able
R11448 T13299 T13300 amod immune,responses
R11449 T13300 T13298 dobj responses,initiate
R11450 T13301 T13298 cc and,initiate
R11451 T13302 T13304 aux can,induced
R11452 T13303 T13304 auxpass be,induced
R11453 T13304 T13295 conj induced,are
R11454 T13305 T13306 aux to,differentiate
R11455 T13306 T13304 advcl differentiate,induced
R11456 T13307 T13306 prep into,differentiate
R11457 T13308 T13307 pobj cells,into
R11458 T13309 T13311 nsubj that,exacerbate
R11459 T13310 T13311 preconj either,exacerbate
R11460 T13311 T13308 relcl exacerbate,cells
R11461 T13312 T13311 cc or,exacerbate
R11462 T13313 T13311 conj inhibit,exacerbate
R11463 T13314 T13315 det the,inflammation
R11482 T13333 T13334 amod intestinal,mucosa
R11483 T13334 T13331 pobj mucosa,in
R11484 T13335 T13340 prep during,followed
R11485 T13336 T13335 pobj inflammation,during
R11502 T13353 T13353 ROOT induce,induce
R11503 T13354 T13355 det these,leukocytes
R11504 T13355 T13353 dobj leukocytes,induce
R11505 T13356 T13357 aux to,produce
R11506 T13357 T13353 xcomp produce,induce
R11507 T13358 T13357 cc and,produce
R11508 T13359 T13357 conj secrete,produce
R11509 T13360 T13359 dobj cytokines,secrete
R11510 T13361 T13359 prep during,secrete
R11511 T13362 T13361 pobj inflammation,during
R11512 T13363 T13353 punct .,induce
R11513 T13364 T13375 nsubj One,is
R11514 T13365 T13364 prep of,One
R11515 T13366 T13371 det the,stimuli
R11516 T13367 T13368 advmod most,potent
R11517 T13368 T13371 amod potent,stimuli
R11518 T13369 T13368 cc and,potent
R11519 T13370 T13368 conj known,potent
R11520 T13371 T13365 pobj stimuli,of
R11521 T13372 T13371 prep for,stimuli
R11522 T13373 T13374 compound leukocyte,activation
R11523 T13374 T13372 pobj activation,for
R11524 T13375 T13375 ROOT is,is
R11525 T13376 T13375 attr LPS,is
R11526 T13377 T13376 prep from,LPS
R11527 T13378 T13379 amod Gram-negative,bacteria
R11528 T13379 T13377 pobj bacteria,from
R11529 T13380 T13382 nmod [,]
R11530 T13381 T13382 nummod 34,]
R11531 T13382 T13379 appos ],bacteria
R11532 T13383 T13375 punct .,is
R11533 T13384 T13389 prep In,are
R11534 T13385 T13384 pobj addition,In
R11535 T13386 T13389 punct ",",are
R11536 T13387 T13388 amod other,factors
R11537 T13388 T13389 nsubj factors,are
R11538 T13389 T13389 ROOT are,are
R11539 T13390 T13389 advmod also,are
R11540 T13391 T13389 acomp able,are
R11541 T13392 T13393 aux to,stimulate
R11542 T13393 T13391 xcomp stimulate,able
R11543 T13394 T13395 amod cytokine,secretion
R11544 T13395 T13393 dobj secretion,stimulate
R11545 T13396 T13393 prep from,stimulate
R11546 T13397 T13398 amod various,leukocytes
R11547 T13398 T13396 pobj leukocytes,from
R11548 T13399 T13401 nmod [,]
R11549 T13400 T13401 nummod 35,]
R11550 T13401 T13393 dobj ],stimulate
R11551 T13402 T13401 punct ",",]
R11552 T13403 T13405 compound [,]
R11553 T13404 T13405 nummod 36,]
R11554 T13405 T13401 appos ],]
R11555 T13406 T13389 punct .,are
R11556 T13407 T13409 nummod One,factor
R11557 T13408 T13409 amod such,factor
R11558 T13409 T13410 nsubj factor,is
R11559 T13410 T13410 ROOT is,is
R11560 T13411 T13410 attr CGN,is
R11561 T13412 T13411 punct ",",CGN
R11562 T13413 T13416 det a,weight
R11563 T13414 T13416 amod high,weight
R11564 T13415 T13416 amod molecular,weight
R11565 T13416 T13411 appos weight,CGN
R11566 T13417 T13418 amod sulphated,polysaccharide
R11567 T13418 T13411 appos polysaccharide,CGN
R11568 T13419 T13420 punct (,>
R11569 T13420 T13411 appos >,CGN
R11570 T13421 T13422 nummod 200,kDa
R11571 T13422 T13420 appos kDa,>
R11572 T13423 T13420 punct ),>
R11573 T13424 T13411 acl derived,CGN
R11574 T13425 T13424 prep from,derived
R11575 T13426 T13427 amod red,algae
R11576 T13427 T13425 pobj algae,from
R11577 T13428 T13427 punct (,algae
R11578 T13429 T13427 appos Rhodophyceae,algae
R11579 T13430 T13427 punct ),algae
R11580 T13431 T13433 nmod [,]
R11581 T13432 T13433 nummod 1,]
R11582 T13433 T13411 conj ],CGN
R11583 T13434 T13433 punct ",",]
R11584 T13435 T13437 nmod [,]
R11585 T13436 T13437 nummod 2,]
R11586 T13437 T13433 conj ],]
R11587 T13438 T13410 punct .,is
R11588 T13439 T13440 amod Native,CGN
R11589 T13440 T13443 nsubjpass CGN,used
R11590 T13441 T13443 auxpass is,used
R11591 T13442 T13443 advmod widely,used
R11592 T13443 T13443 ROOT used,used
R11593 T13444 T13443 prep as,used
R11594 T13445 T13447 det a,additive
R11595 T13446 T13447 compound food,additive
R11596 T13447 T13444 pobj additive,as
R11597 T13448 T13449 punct (,E
R11598 T13449 T13447 appos E,additive
R11599 T13450 T13449 nummod 407,E
R11600 T13451 T13447 punct ),additive
R11601 T13452 T13453 aux to,improve
R11602 T13453 T13443 xcomp improve,used
R11603 T13454 T13453 dobj texture,improve
R11604 T13455 T13443 punct .,used
R11605 T13456 T13459 nsubjpass It,used
R11606 T13457 T13459 auxpass is,used
R11607 T13458 T13459 advmod also,used
R11608 T13459 T13459 ROOT used,used
R11609 T13460 T13459 prep in,used
R11610 T13461 T13460 pobj cosmetics,in
R11611 T13462 T13461 cc and,cosmetics
R11612 T13463 T13461 conj pharmaceuticals,cosmetics
R11613 T13464 T13459 punct .,used
R11614 T13465 T13476 mark Although,declared
R11615 T13466 T13467 amod native,form
R11616 T13467 T13468 compound form,CGN
R11617 T13468 T13476 nsubjpass CGN,declared
R11618 T13469 T13468 punct (,CGN
R11619 T13470 T13468 npadvmod 200,CGN
R11620 T13471 T13472 nummod 800,kDa
R11621 T13472 T13468 appos kDa,CGN
R11622 T13473 T13472 punct ),kDa
R11623 T13474 T13476 aux has,declared
R11624 T13475 T13476 auxpass been,declared
R11625 T13476 T13500 advcl declared,used
R11626 T13477 T13476 oprd harmless,declared
R11627 T13478 T13477 prep to,harmless
R11628 T13479 T13478 pobj humans,to
R11629 T13480 T13482 nmod [,]
R11630 T13481 T13482 nummod 8,]
R11631 T13482 T13500 nsubjpass ],used
R11632 T13483 T13482 punct ",",]
R11633 T13484 T13486 poss its,forms
R11634 T13485 T13486 amod degraded,forms
R11635 T13486 T13482 conj forms,]
R11636 T13487 T13486 punct (,forms
R11637 T13488 T13486 appos <,forms
R11638 T13489 T13490 nummod 50,kDa
R11639 T13490 T13488 prep kDa,<
R11640 T13491 T13486 punct ),forms
R11641 T13492 T13482 punct ",",]
R11642 T13493 T13494 advmod also,known
R11643 T13494 T13482 acl known,]
R11644 T13495 T13494 prep as,known
R11645 T13496 T13495 pobj poligeenan,as
R11646 T13497 T13500 punct ",",used
R11647 T13498 T13500 auxpass are,used
R11648 T13499 T13500 advmod widely,used
R11649 T13500 T13500 ROOT used,used
R11650 T13501 T13502 aux to,induce
R11651 T13502 T13500 xcomp induce,used
R11652 T13503 T13502 dobj colitis,induce
R11653 T13504 T13502 prep in,induce
R11654 T13505 T13504 pobj rodents,in
R11655 T13506 T13502 conj [,induce
R11656 T13507 T13508 nummod 3,]
R11657 T13508 T13506 dobj ],[
R11658 T13509 T13508 appos [,]
R11659 T13510 T13509 nummod 5,[
R11660 T13511 T13509 appos ],[
R11661 T13512 T13500 punct .,used
R11662 T13513 T13515 det These,CGN
R11663 T13514 T13515 amod degraded,CGN
R11664 T13515 T13518 nsubj CGN,have
R11665 T13516 T13518 aux may,have
R11666 T13517 T13518 advmod also,have
R11667 T13518 T13536 ccomp have,is
R11668 T13519 T13525 det a,]
R11669 T13520 T13525 amod possible,]
R11670 T13521 T13522 amod carcinogenic,effect
R11671 T13522 T13525 nmod effect,]
R11672 T13523 T13525 nmod [,]
R11673 T13524 T13523 nummod 4,[
R11674 T13525 T13518 dobj ],have
R11675 T13526 T13525 punct ",",]
R11676 T13527 T13525 conj [,]
R11677 T13528 T13529 nummod 6,]
R11678 T13529 T13532 nmod ],]
R11679 T13530 T13532 nmod [,]
R11680 T13531 T13532 nummod 8,]
R11681 T13532 T13525 conj ],]
R11682 T13533 T13536 punct ;,is
R11683 T13534 T13536 advmod however,is
R11684 T13535 T13536 nsubj this,is
R11685 T13536 T13536 ROOT is,is
R11686 T13537 T13536 advmod still,is
R11687 T13538 T13536 acomp controversial,is
R11688 T13539 T13536 punct .,is
R11689 T13540 T13552 mark Although,required
R11690 T13541 T13542 compound acid,treatment
R11691 T13542 T13552 nsubjpass treatment,required
R11693 T13543 T13542 prep at,treatment
R11694 T13544 T13545 amod high,temperature
R11695 T13545 T13543 pobj temperature,at
R11696 T13619 T13620 det the,role
R11697 T13546 T13545 punct (,temperature
R11698 T13620 T13618 dobj role,analyzed
R11699 T13547 T13549 nummod 80,C
R11700 T13548 T13549 nummod °,C
R11701 T13549 T13542 npadvmod C,treatment
R11702 T13621 T13620 prep of,role
R11703 T13550 T13542 punct ),treatment
R11704 T13622 T13623 amod human,monocytes
R11705 T13551 T13552 auxpass is,required
R11706 T13552 T13565 advcl required,is
R11707 T13623 T13621 pobj monocytes,of
R11708 T13624 T13623 punct (,monocytes
R11709 T13553 T13552 prep for,required
R11710 T13625 T13623 appos PBM,monocytes
R11711 T13626 T13625 cc and,PBM
R11712 T13554 T13555 compound CGN,hydrolysis
R11713 T13627 T13625 conj THP-1,PBM
R11714 T13555 T13553 pobj hydrolysis,for
R11715 T13628 T13623 punct ),monocytes
R11716 T13629 T13620 prep in,role
R11717 T13630 T13631 amod dCGN-induced,inflammation
R11718 T13631 T13629 pobj inflammation,in
R11719 T13556 T13552 prep in,required
R11720 T13632 T13618 punct .,analyzed
R11721 T13633 T13642 nsubj Preliminary,revealed
R11722 T13634 T13633 prep in,Preliminary
R11723 T13635 T13636 compound vivo,studies
R11724 T13557 T13556 pobj vitro,in
R11725 T13636 T13634 pobj studies,in
R11726 T13558 T13562 prep to,dCGN
R11727 T13637 T13636 prep in,studies
R11728 T13559 T13561 amod lower,weight
R11729 T13560 T13561 amod molecular,weight
R11730 T13561 T13558 pobj weight,to
R11731 T13638 T13637 pobj rats,in
R11732 T13562 T13565 intj dCGN,is
R11733 T13563 T13565 punct ",",is
R11734 T13639 T13638 acl treated,rats
R11735 T13564 T13565 nsubj it,is
R11736 T13640 T13639 prep with,treated
R11737 T13565 T13565 ROOT is,is
R11738 T13566 T13565 acomp probable,is
R11739 T13641 T13640 pobj dCGN,with
R11740 T13567 T13571 mark that,produced
R11741 T13642 T13642 ROOT revealed,revealed
R11742 T13568 T13569 det some,dCGN
R11743 T13569 T13571 nsubjpass dCGN,produced
R11744 T13643 T13644 amod significant,shortening
R11745 T13570 T13571 auxpass are,produced
R11746 T13644 T13642 dobj shortening,revealed
R11747 T13571 T13565 ccomp produced,is
R11748 T13645 T13644 prep of,shortening
R11749 T13572 T13571 prep by,produced
R11750 T13573 T13574 compound acid,hydrolysis
R11751 T13646 T13648 det the,intestine
R11752 T13574 T13572 pobj hydrolysis,by
R11753 T13647 T13648 amod large,intestine
R11754 T13575 T13571 prep during,produced
R11755 T13576 T13577 amod gastric,digestion
R11756 T13648 T13645 pobj intestine,of
R11757 T13577 T13575 pobj digestion,during
R11758 T13649 T13648 acl associated,intestine
R11759 T13578 T13580 nmod [,]
R11760 T13579 T13580 nummod 9,]
R11761 T13650 T13649 prep with,associated
R11762 T13580 T13577 nmod ],digestion
R11763 T13651 T13653 det an,state
R11764 T13581 T13580 punct ",",]
R11765 T13582 T13580 appos [,]
R11766 T13652 T13653 amod inflammatory,state
R11767 T13653 T13650 pobj state,with
R11768 T13654 T13648 punct ",",intestine
R11769 T13583 T13584 nummod 10,]
R11770 T13655 T13656 advmod i.e.,strong
R11771 T13656 T13657 amod strong,infiltration
R11772 T13657 T13645 pobj infiltration,of
R11773 T13584 T13580 conj ],]
R11774 T13658 T13657 prep of,infiltration
R11775 T13659 T13658 pobj macrophages,of
R11776 T13660 T13642 prep to,revealed
R11777 T13585 T13584 cc or,]
R11778 T13661 T13663 det the,mucosa
R11779 T13662 T13663 amod intestinal,mucosa
R11780 T13663 T13660 pobj mucosa,to
R11781 T13586 T13584 conj interaction,]
R11782 T13664 T13660 amod similar,to
R11783 T13665 T13664 prep to,similar
R11784 T13666 T13667 amod DSS-induced,inflammation
R11785 T13587 T13586 prep with,interaction
R11786 T13667 T13665 pobj inflammation,to
R11787 T13668 T13660 pobj [,to
R11788 T13669 T13670 nummod 20,]
R11789 T13588 T13589 amod intestinal,bacteria
R11790 T13670 T13668 dobj ],[
R11791 T13671 T13642 punct .,revealed
R11792 T13589 T13587 pobj bacteria,with
R11793 T13672 T13685 advcl Using,observed
R11794 T13673 T13674 nummod two,fractions
R11795 T13674 T13672 dobj fractions,Using
R11796 T13590 T13592 compound [,]
R11797 T13675 T13674 prep of,fractions
R11798 T13676 T13675 pobj dCGN,of
R11799 T13677 T13676 punct (,dCGN
R11800 T13591 T13592 compound 11,]
R11801 T13678 T13676 nummod 10,dCGN
R11802 T13679 T13676 cc and,dCGN
R11803 T13592 T13589 appos ],bacteria
R11804 T13680 T13681 nummod 40,kDa
R11805 T13681 T13676 conj kDa,dCGN
R11806 T13682 T13681 punct ),kDa
R11807 T13593 T13592 punct ",",]
R11808 T13683 T13685 punct ",",observed
R11809 T13594 T13596 nmod [,]
R11810 T13684 T13685 nsubj we,observed
R11811 T13595 T13596 nummod 12,]
R11812 T13685 T13685 ROOT observed,observed
R11813 T13596 T13592 conj ],]
R11814 T13686 T13688 det a,correlation
R11815 T13687 T13688 amod strong,correlation
R11816 T13688 T13685 dobj correlation,observed
R11817 T13689 T13688 prep between,correlation
R11818 T13690 T13691 det the,severity
R11819 T13691 T13689 pobj severity,between
R11820 T13597 T13565 punct .,is
R11821 T13692 T13691 prep of,severity
R11822 T13693 T13694 det the,inflammation
R11823 T13598 T13607 advmod Thus,is
R11824 T13694 T13692 pobj inflammation,of
R11825 T13695 T13694 cc and,inflammation
R11826 T13696 T13699 det the,size
R11827 T13599 T13607 punct ",",is
R11828 T13697 T13699 nmod dCGN,size
R11829 T13698 T13699 amod molecular,size
R11830 T13699 T13694 conj size,inflammation
R11831 T13600 T13607 csubj understanding,is
R11832 T13700 T13685 punct ",",observed
R11833 T13701 T13702 advmod thus,confirming
R11834 T13601 T13602 det the,mechanisms
R11835 T13702 T13685 advcl confirming,observed
R11836 T13703 T13704 det the,size
R11837 T13704 T13706 nmod size,inflammation
R11838 T13602 T13600 dobj mechanisms,understanding
R11839 T13705 T13706 amod related,inflammation
R11840 T13706 T13702 dobj inflammation,confirming
R11841 T13603 T13602 prep of,mechanisms
R11842 T13707 T13706 prep in,inflammation
R11843 T13604 T13606 amod dCGN-induced,inflammation
R11844 T13708 T13707 pobj vivo,in
R11845 T13709 T13685 punct .,observed
R11846 T13710 T13712 det This,accumulation
R11847 T13605 T13606 compound bowel,inflammation
R11848 T13711 T13712 compound macrophage,accumulation
R11849 T13712 T13713 nsubj accumulation,was
R11850 T13713 T13713 ROOT was,was
R11851 T13606 T13603 pobj inflammation,of
R11852 T13714 T13713 neg not,was
R11853 T13607 T13607 ROOT is,is
R11854 T13608 T13607 prep of,is
R11855 T13609 T13610 amod great,importance
R11856 T13610 T13608 pobj importance,of
R11857 T13715 T13718 amod due,proliferation
R11858 T13716 T13717 aux to,cell
R11859 T13611 T13607 punct .,is
R11860 T13717 T13718 compound cell,proliferation
R11861 T13718 T13713 attr proliferation,was
R11862 T13612 T13618 prep In,analyzed
R11863 T13719 T13721 mark because,inhibited
R11864 T13720 T13721 nsubj dCGN,inhibited
R11865 T13613 T13614 det this,report
R11866 T13721 T13713 advcl inhibited,was
R11867 T13722 T13723 nummod THP-1,monocytes
R11868 T13723 T13724 compound monocytes,proliferation
R11869 T13724 T13721 dobj proliferation,inhibited
R11870 T13725 T13721 prep in,inhibited
R11871 T13614 T13612 pobj report,In
R11872 T13726 T13725 pobj vitro,in
R11873 T13727 T13713 punct .,was
R11874 T13728 T13729 det These,results
R11875 T13729 T13730 nsubj results,are
R11876 T13615 T13618 punct ",",analyzed
R11877 T13730 T13730 ROOT are,are
R11878 T13731 T13730 acomp similar,are
R11879 T13616 T13618 nsubj we,analyzed
R11880 T13732 T13731 prep to,similar
R11881 T13733 T13732 pobj those,to
R11882 T13617 T13618 aux have,analyzed
R11883 T13734 T13733 acl obtained,those
R11884 T13735 T13734 prep with,obtained
R11885 T13736 T13739 amod human,cells
R11886 T13812 T13790 punct .,detected
R11887 T13737 T13739 amod colonic,cells
R11888 T13738 T13739 amod epithelial,cells
R11889 T13739 T13735 pobj cells,with
R11890 T13813 T13814 det These,results
R11891 T13740 T13739 punct (,cells
R11892 T13741 T13743 nummod NCM460,line
R11893 T13742 T13743 compound cell,line
R11894 T13814 T13815 nsubj results,suggest
R11895 T13743 T13739 appos line,cells
R11896 T13744 T13739 punct ),cells
R11897 T13815 T13815 ROOT suggest,suggest
R11898 T13745 T13733 acl exposed,those
R11899 T13746 T13747 aux to,native
R11900 T13747 T13745 xcomp native,exposed
R11901 T13816 T13819 mark that,produce
R11902 T13748 T13747 dobj CGN,native
R11903 T13749 T13747 prep for,native
R11904 T13817 T13819 nsubj monocytes,produce
R11905 T13750 T13749 pobj 1,for
R11906 T13751 T13752 nummod 8,days
R11907 T13752 T13755 npadvmod days,]
R11908 T13818 T13819 aux might,produce
R11909 T13753 T13755 nmod [,]
R11910 T13754 T13755 nummod 37,]
R11911 T13819 T13815 ccomp produce,suggest
R11912 T13755 T13730 npadvmod ],are
R11913 T13756 T13730 punct .,are
R11914 T13757 T13760 advmod Thus,seems
R11915 T13820 T13819 dobj cytokines,produce
R11916 T13758 T13760 punct ",",seems
R11917 T13759 T13760 nsubj it,seems
R11918 T13760 T13760 ROOT seems,seems
R11919 T13761 T13763 mark that,promote
R11920 T13762 T13763 nsubj dCGN,promote
R11921 T13821 T13820 acl associated,cytokines
R11922 T13763 T13760 ccomp promote,seems
R11923 T13764 T13765 compound macrophage,infiltration
R11924 T13822 T13821 prep with,associated
R11925 T13765 T13763 dobj infiltration,promote
R11926 T13766 T13765 prep by,infiltration
R11927 T13767 T13766 pcomp recruiting,by
R11928 T13768 T13769 amod new,cells
R11929 T13823 T13822 pobj activation,with
R11930 T13769 T13767 dobj cells,recruiting
R11931 T13770 T13767 prep to,recruiting
R11932 T13771 T13774 det the,mucosa
R11933 T13824 T13823 prep into,activation
R11934 T13772 T13774 amod inflamed,mucosa
R11935 T13773 T13774 amod intestinal,mucosa
R11936 T13825 T13824 pobj macrophages,into
R11937 T13774 T13770 pobj mucosa,to
R11938 T13775 T13774 cc and,mucosa
R11939 T13826 T13821 prep in,associated
R11940 T13827 T13826 pobj response,in
R11941 T13776 T13766 neg not,by
R11942 T13777 T13763 prep by,promote
R11943 T13778 T13777 pcomp inducing,by
R11944 T13828 T13827 prep to,response
R11945 T13779 T13780 compound cell,proliferation
R11946 T13780 T13778 dobj proliferation,inducing
R11947 T13829 T13828 pobj dCGN,to
R11948 T13781 T13760 punct .,seems
R11949 T13782 T13790 prep In,detected
R11950 T13783 T13782 pobj addition,In
R11951 T13830 T13815 punct .,suggest
R11952 T13784 T13790 punct ",",detected
R11953 T13831 T13834 advmod Thus,analyzed
R11954 T13832 T13834 punct ",",analyzed
R11956 T13833 T13834 nsubj we,analyzed
R11958 T13834 T13834 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R11959 T13787 T13788 compound polymorphonuclear,cells
R11960 T13835 T13836 det the,production
R11961 T13788 T13790 nsubjpass cells,detected
R11962 T13789 T13790 auxpass were,detected
R11963 T13836 T13834 dobj production,analyzed
R11964 T13790 T13790 ROOT detected,detected
R11965 T13791 T13790 prep in,detected
R11966 T13792 T13793 det the,mucosa
R11967 T13837 T13836 prep of,production
R11968 T13793 T13791 pobj mucosa,in
R11969 T13794 T13790 prep at,detected
R11970 T13795 T13797 det the,point
R11971 T13796 T13797 compound time,point
R11972 T13797 T13794 pobj point,at
R11973 T13838 T13837 pobj TNF,of
R11974 T13798 T13790 conj analyzed,detected
R11975 T13799 T13800 mark as,demonstrated
R11976 T13800 T13798 advcl demonstrated,analyzed
R11977 T13839 T13836 prep by,production
R11978 T13801 T13800 agent by,demonstrated
R11979 T13802 T13805 det a,level
R11980 T13840 T13841 preconj both,PBM
R11981 T13803 T13804 advmod very,low
R11982 T13804 T13805 amod low,level
R11983 T13841 T13844 nmod PBM,cells
R11984 T13805 T13801 pobj level,by
R11985 T13842 T13841 cc and,PBM
R11986 T13806 T13805 prep of,level
R11987 T13807 T13806 pobj MPO,of
R11988 T13843 T13841 conj THP-1,PBM
R11989 T13808 T13800 prep in,demonstrated
R11990 T13809 T13811 det the,tissue
R11991 T13810 T13811 amod intestinal,tissue
R11992 T13844 T13839 pobj cells,by
R11993 T13811 T13808 pobj tissue,in
R11994 T13845 T13834 prep in,analyzed
R11995 T13846 T13845 pobj response,in
R11996 T13847 T13846 prep to,response
R11997 T13909 T13910 advmod most,potent
R11998 T13848 T13847 pobj dCGN,to
R11999 T13910 T13911 amod potent,stimuli
R12000 T13911 T13907 pobj stimuli,among
R12001 T13912 T13911 prep for,stimuli
R12002 T13849 T13834 punct .,analyzed
R12003 T13913 T13914 compound leukocyte,activation
R12004 T13914 T13912 pobj activation,for
R12005 T13915 T13891 punct .,was
R12006 T13850 T13851 amod Degraded,CGN
R12007 T13916 T13917 det These,results
R12008 T13917 T13918 nsubj results,underline
R12009 T13918 T13918 ROOT underline,underline
R12010 T13851 T13852 nsubj CGN,induced
R12011 T13919 T13920 det the,fact
R12012 T13920 T13918 dobj fact,underline
R12013 T13852 T13852 ROOT induced,induced
R12014 T13921 T13927 mark that,have
R12015 T13922 T13924 det partially,forms
R12016 T13923 T13924 amod degraded,forms
R12017 T13853 T13855 det a,production
R12018 T13924 T13927 nsubj forms,have
R12019 T13925 T13924 prep of,forms
R12020 T13926 T13925 pobj CGN,of
R12021 T13854 T13855 amod robust,production
R12022 T13927 T13920 acl have,fact
R12023 T13928 T13930 amod important,effects
R12024 T13929 T13930 amod cellular,effects
R12025 T13855 T13852 dobj production,induced
R12026 T13930 T13927 dobj effects,have
R12027 T13931 T13918 punct .,underline
R12028 T13856 T13855 prep of,production
R12029 T13932 T13933 det The,amount
R12030 T13933 T13939 nsubj amount,induced
R12031 T13934 T13933 prep of,amount
R12032 T13857 T13856 pobj TNF,of
R12033 T13935 T13934 pobj TNF,of
R12034 T13936 T13933 acl secreted,amount
R12035 T13858 T13855 prep by,production
R12036 T13937 T13936 agent by,secreted
R12037 T13938 T13937 pobj PBM,by
R12038 T13859 T13858 pobj monocytes,by
R12039 T13939 T13939 ROOT induced,induced
R12040 T13940 T13939 prep with,induced
R12041 T13941 T13940 pobj LPS,with
R12042 T13860 T13852 punct .,induced
R12043 T13942 T13939 conj was,induced
R12044 T13943 T13944 advmod much,larger
R12045 T13944 T13942 acomp larger,was
R12046 T13861 T13864 det The,form
R12047 T13945 T13944 prep than,larger
R12048 T13946 T13947 det the,one
R12049 T13947 T13945 pobj one,than
R12050 T13862 T13864 nummod 40,form
R12051 T13948 T13947 acl secreted,one
R12052 T13949 T13948 agent by,secreted
R12053 T13863 T13864 compound kDa,form
R12054 T13950 T13951 nummod THP-1,monocytes
R12055 T13951 T13949 pobj monocytes,by
R12056 T13952 T13939 punct .,induced
R12057 T13864 T13867 nsubj form,was
R12058 T13953 T13959 prep Since,associated
R12059 T13954 T13955 compound monocyte,activation
R12060 T13955 T13953 pobj activation,Since
R12061 T13865 T13864 prep of,form
R12062 T13956 T13955 prep by,activation
R12063 T13957 T13956 pobj LPS,by
R12064 T13866 T13865 pobj dCGN,of
R12065 T13958 T13959 auxpass is,associated
R12066 T13959 T13959 ROOT associated,associated
R12067 T13960 T13959 prep with,associated
R12068 T13867 T13867 ROOT was,was
R12069 T13961 T13962 det the,presence
R12070 T13962 T13960 pobj presence,with
R12071 T13868 T13869 advmod more,potent
R12072 T13963 T13962 prep of,presence
R12073 T13964 T13965 det the,CD14
R12074 T13965 T13968 nmod CD14,receptors
R12075 T13869 T13867 acomp potent,was
R12076 T13966 T13965 cc and,CD14
R12077 T13967 T13965 conj TLR4,CD14
R12078 T13968 T13963 pobj receptors,of
R12079 T13870 T13869 prep for,potent
R12080 T13969 T13971 nmod [,]
R12081 T13970 T13971 nummod 38,]
R12082 T13871 T13872 compound monocyte,stimulation
R12083 T13971 T13968 appos ],receptors
R12084 T13972 T13974 nmod [,]
R12085 T13973 T13974 nummod 40,]
R12086 T13872 T13870 pobj stimulation,for
R12087 T13974 T13971 appos ],]
R12088 T13975 T13979 punct ",",observed
R12089 T13873 T13869 prep than,potent
R12090 T13976 T13978 det the,response
R12091 T13977 T13978 amod different,response
R12092 T13978 T13979 nsubj response,observed
R12093 T13979 T13981 parataxis observed,be
R12094 T13874 T13876 det the,kDa
R12095 T13980 T13981 aux could,be
R12096 T13981 T13959 advcl be,associated
R12097 T13982 T13981 acomp due,be
R12098 T13875 T13876 nummod 10,kDa
R12099 T13983 T13982 pcomp to,due
R12100 T13984 T13986 det the,expression
R12101 T13985 T13986 amod different,expression
R12102 T13876 T13873 pobj kDa,than
R12103 T13986 T13983 pobj expression,to
R12104 T13987 T13986 prep of,expression
R12105 T13877 T13876 cc or,kDa
R12106 T13988 T13989 det these,receptors
R12107 T13989 T13987 pobj receptors,of
R12108 T13990 T13986 prep in,expression
R12109 T13878 T13880 det the,ones
R12110 T13991 T13994 nmod PBM,cells
R12111 T13992 T13991 cc and,PBM
R12112 T13993 T13991 conj THP-1,PBM
R12113 T13879 T13880 amod native,ones
R12114 T13994 T13990 pobj cells,in
R12115 T13995 T13959 punct .,associated
R12116 T13996 T13999 nsubjpass CD14,expressed
R12117 T13880 T13876 conj ones,kDa
R12118 T13997 T13999 auxpass is,expressed
R12119 T13998 T13999 neg not,expressed
R12120 T13999 T13999 ROOT expressed,expressed
R12121 T14000 T13999 agent by,expressed
R12122 T14001 T14002 nummod THP-1,monocytes
R12123 T13881 T13867 punct .,was
R12124 T14002 T14000 pobj monocytes,by
R12125 T14003 T13999 punct ",",expressed
R12126 T13882 T13891 advmod Surprisingly,was
R12127 T13883 T13891 punct ",",was
R12128 T14004 T13999 cc but,expressed
R12129 T14005 T14007 nsubjpass it,expressed
R12130 T13884 T13885 compound monocyte,activation
R12131 T13885 T13891 nsubj activation,was
R12132 T13886 T13885 prep by,activation
R12133 T14006 T14007 auxpass is,expressed
R12134 T14007 T13999 conj expressed,expressed
R12135 T13887 T13886 pobj dCGN,by
R12136 T14008 T14007 agent by,expressed
R12137 T14009 T14008 pobj PBM,by
R12138 T13888 T13889 aux to,produce
R12139 T14010 T14007 punct .,expressed
R12140 T14011 T14012 det This,fact
R12141 T13889 T13885 acl produce,activation
R12142 T14012 T14014 nsubj fact,explain
R12143 T13890 T13889 dobj TNF,produce
R12144 T13891 T13891 ROOT was,was
R12145 T14013 T14014 aux could,explain
R12146 T13892 T13893 advmod much,stronger
R12147 T13893 T13891 acomp stronger,was
R12148 T14014 T14014 ROOT explain,explain
R12149 T14015 T14018 advmod why,produced
R12150 T13894 T13893 prep than,stronger
R12151 T14016 T14017 amod THP-1,cells
R12152 T14017 T14018 nsubj cells,produced
R12153 T14018 T14014 ccomp produced,explain
R12154 T13895 T13896 det the,activation
R12155 T14019 T14022 det a,response
R12156 T14020 T14021 advmod much,smaller
R12157 T14021 T14022 amod smaller,response
R12158 T13896 T13894 pobj activation,than
R12159 T14022 T14018 dobj response,produced
R12160 T14023 T14022 prep to,response
R12161 T14024 T14023 pobj LPS,to
R12162 T13897 T13896 acl induced,activation
R12163 T14025 T14022 prep than,response
R12164 T14026 T14025 pobj PBM,than
R12165 T13898 T13897 agent by,induced
R12166 T14027 T14018 cc and,produced
R12167 T14028 T14030 advmod also,difference
R12168 T14029 T14030 det the,difference
R12169 T13899 T13898 pobj LPS,by
R12170 T14030 T14036 nsubj difference,induced
R12171 T14031 T14030 prep of,difference
R12172 T14032 T14031 pobj kinetics,of
R12173 T14033 T14032 prep in,kinetics
R12174 T14034 T14035 det the,LPS
R12175 T14035 T14033 pobj LPS,in
R12176 T13900 T13899 punct ",",LPS
R12177 T14036 T14014 conj induced,explain
R12178 T14037 T14038 compound TNF,secretion
R12179 T14038 T14036 dobj secretion,induced
R12180 T13901 T13903 det an,factor
R12181 T14039 T14036 punct .,induced
R12182 T14040 T14041 det The,peak
R12183 T14041 T14046 nsubjpass peak,observed
R12184 T13902 T13903 amod inflammatory,factor
R12185 T13903 T13899 appos factor,LPS
R12186 T14042 T14041 prep of,peak
R12187 T13904 T13903 acl considered,factor
R12188 T14043 T14044 compound TNF,response
R12189 T14044 T14042 pobj response,of
R12190 T14045 T14046 auxpass was,observed
R12191 T13905 T13906 aux to,be
R12192 T14046 T14046 ROOT observed,observed
R12193 T14047 T14046 prep after,observed
R12194 T13906 T13904 xcomp be,considered
R12195 T14048 T14050 nummod 8,stimulation
R12196 T14049 T14050 compound h,stimulation
R12197 T14050 T14047 pobj stimulation,after
R12198 T13907 T13906 prep among,be
R12199 T14051 T14050 acl followed,stimulation
R12200 T13908 T13911 det the,stimuli
R12201 T14052 T14051 agent by,followed
R12202 T14053 T14055 det a,decrease
R12203 T14054 T14055 amod rapid,decrease
R12204 T14072 T14071 prep after,until
R12205 T14055 T14052 pobj decrease,by
R12206 T14056 T14055 prep to,decrease
R12207 T14057 T14056 pobj baseline,to
R12208 T14058 T14055 prep at,decrease
R12209 T14059 T14060 nummod 10,h
R12210 T14073 T14074 nummod 56,h.
R12211 T14060 T14058 pobj h,at
R12212 T14061 T14046 punct ",",observed
R12213 T14062 T14070 mark whereas,reached
R12214 T14074 T14072 pobj h.,after
R12215 T14063 T14070 prep on,reached
R12216 T14064 T14065 nummod THP-1,cells
R12217 T14065 T14063 pobj cells,on
R12218 T14075 T14087 advmod Moreover,was
R12219 T14066 T14067 det the,peak
R12220 T14067 T14070 nsubjpass peak,reached
R12221 T14068 T14070 auxpass was,reached
R12222 T14069 T14070 neg not,reached
R12223 T14070 T14046 advcl reached,observed
R12224 T14076 T14087 punct ",",was
R12225 T14071 T14070 prep until,reached
R12226 T14077 T14078 det the,amount
R12227 T14078 T14087 nsubj amount,was
R12228 T14079 T14078 prep of,amount
R12229 T14103 T14102 cc and,LPS
R12230 T14080 T14079 pobj TNF,of
R12231 T14104 T14102 conj dCGN,LPS
R12232 T14105 T14105 ROOT displayed,displayed
R12233 T14106 T14111 det a,curve
R12234 T14081 T14078 acl secreted,amount
R12235 T14107 T14108 advmod very,different
R12236 T14108 T14111 amod different,curve
R12237 T14109 T14111 compound TNF,curve
R12238 T14082 T14081 agent by,secreted
R12239 T14110 T14111 compound secretion,curve
R12240 T14111 T14105 dobj curve,displayed
R12241 T14083 T14082 pobj monocytes,by
R12242 T14112 T14111 prep in,curve
R12243 T14113 T14114 nummod THP-1,cells
R12244 T14114 T14112 pobj cells,in
R12245 T14084 T14083 acl induced,monocytes
R12246 T14115 T14105 punct .,displayed
R12247 T14116 T14117 det These,differences
R12248 T14085 T14084 prep with,induced
R12249 T14117 T14118 nsubj differences,suggest
R12250 T14118 T14118 ROOT suggest,suggest
R12251 T14119 T14124 mark that,use
R12252 T14086 T14085 pobj dCGN,with
R12253 T14120 T14124 nsubj dCGN,use
R12254 T14087 T14087 ROOT was,was
R12255 T14088 T14089 advmod much,larger
R12256 T14121 T14120 cc and,dCGN
R12257 T14122 T14120 conj LPS,dCGN
R12258 T14089 T14087 acomp larger,was
R12259 T14090 T14089 prep than,larger
R12260 T14123 T14124 aux could,use
R12261 T14091 T14092 det the,one
R12262 T14124 T14118 ccomp use,suggest
R12263 T14125 T14127 amod different,mechanisms
R12264 T14126 T14127 compound activation,mechanisms
R12265 T14092 T14090 pobj one,than
R12266 T14127 T14124 dobj mechanisms,use
R12267 T14128 T14118 punct .,suggest
R12268 T14129 T14130 nsubj It,is
R12269 T14093 T14092 acl induced,one
R12270 T14130 T14130 ROOT is,is
R12271 T14131 T14130 acomp noteworthy,is
R12272 T14132 T14144 mark that,inhibited
R12273 T14133 T14144 csubj neutralizing,inhibited
R12274 T14094 T14093 agent by,induced
R12275 T14134 T14133 dobj antibody,neutralizing
R12276 T14135 T14133 prep to,neutralizing
R12277 T14136 T14135 pobj CD14,to
R12278 T14137 T14138 advmod only,partially
R12279 T14095 T14094 pobj LPS,by
R12280 T14138 T14144 advmod partially,inhibited
R12281 T14139 T14142 punct (,%
R12282 T14140 T14142 nmod <,%
R12283 T14096 T14087 punct .,was
R12284 T14141 T14142 nummod 40,%
R12285 T14142 T14138 appos %,partially
R12286 T14143 T14138 punct ),partially
R12287 T14097 T14105 prep On,displayed
R12288 T14144 T14130 ccomp inhibited,is
R12289 T14145 T14147 amod dCGN-induced,secretion
R12290 T14146 T14147 compound TNF,secretion
R12291 T14098 T14100 det the,hand
R12292 T14147 T14144 dobj secretion,inhibited
R12293 T14148 T14150 punct (,shown
R12294 T14099 T14100 amod other,hand
R12295 T14149 T14150 neg not,shown
R12296 T14150 T14147 parataxis shown,secretion
R12297 T14151 T14150 punct ),shown
R12298 T14100 T14097 pobj hand,On
R12299 T14152 T14130 punct .,is
R12300 T14153 T14157 nsubjpass TLR4,identified
R12301 T14154 T14157 aux has,identified
R12302 T14101 T14105 punct ",",displayed
R12303 T14155 T14157 auxpass been,identified
R12304 T14156 T14157 advmod recently,identified
R12305 T14157 T14157 ROOT identified,identified
R12306 T14102 T14105 nsubj LPS,displayed
R12307 T14158 T14157 prep as,identified
R12308 T14169 T14165 pobj cells,in
R12309 T14159 T14162 det a,receptor
R12310 T14160 T14162 compound surface,receptor
R12311 T14161 T14162 compound membrane,receptor
R12312 T14162 T14158 pobj receptor,as
R12313 T14163 T14162 prep for,receptor
R12314 T14164 T14163 pobj CGN,for
R12315 T14170 T14172 nmod [,]
R12316 T14165 T14162 prep in,receptor
R12317 T14166 T14169 amod human,cells
R12318 T14167 T14169 amod colonic,cells
R12319 T14171 T14172 nummod 41,]
R12320 T14168 T14169 amod epithelial,cells
R12321 T14172 T14162 conj ],receptor
R12322 T14173 T14157 punct .,identified
R12323 T14174 T14177 advmod Thus,is
R12324 T14200 T14203 det a,site
R12325 T14175 T14177 punct ",",is
R12326 T14201 T14203 amod higher,site
R12327 T14202 T14203 amod affinity-binding,site
R12328 T14176 T14177 nsubj it,is
R12329 T14203 T14199 dobj site,have
R12330 T14204 T14203 prep for,site
R12331 T14177 T14177 ROOT is,is
R12332 T14178 T14177 acomp possible,is
R12334 T14179 T14182 mark that,activated
R12338 T14180 T14182 nsubjpass TLR4,activated
R12339 T14181 T14182 auxpass is,activated
R12341 T14182 T14177 ccomp activated,is
R12344 T14183 T14182 agent by,activated
R12346 T14213 T14214 nsubj hypothesis,remains
R12347 T14184 T14183 pobj dCGN,by
R12348 T14214 T14195 conj remains,speculate
R12349 T14215 T14217 aux to,tested
R12350 T14185 T14186 aux to,induce
R12351 T14216 T14217 auxpass be,tested
R12352 T14217 T14214 xcomp tested,remains
R12353 T14218 T14214 punct .,remains
R12354 T14186 T14182 advcl induce,activated
R12355 T14219 T14220 det Another,indicator
R12356 T14220 T14231 nsubj indicator,is
R12357 T14187 T14188 amod cytokine,secretion
R12358 T14221 T14223 mark that,stimulate
R12359 T14222 T14223 nsubj dCGN,stimulate
R12360 T14223 T14220 acl stimulate,indicator
R12361 T14188 T14186 dobj secretion,induce
R12362 T14224 T14223 dobj monocytes,stimulate
R12363 T14225 T14223 advcl leading,stimulate
R12364 T14189 T14186 prep by,induce
R12365 T14226 T14225 prep to,leading
R12366 T14227 T14230 det a,phenotype
R12367 T14190 T14189 pobj monocytes,by
R12368 T14228 T14229 advmod more,active
R12369 T14229 T14230 amod active,phenotype
R12370 T14230 T14226 pobj phenotype,to
R12371 T14191 T14177 punct .,is
R12372 T14231 T14231 ROOT is,is
R12373 T14232 T14233 det the,fact
R12374 T14233 T14231 attr fact,is
R12375 T14234 T14243 mark that,enhanced
R12376 T14235 T14236 compound surface,expression
R12377 T14236 T14243 nsubjpass expression,enhanced
R12378 T14192 T14195 nsubj We,speculate
R12379 T14237 T14236 prep of,expression
R12380 T14238 T14241 det the,ICAM-1
R12381 T14239 T14240 compound adhesion,molecule
R12382 T14193 T14195 aux can,speculate
R12383 T14240 T14241 compound molecule,ICAM-1
R12384 T14241 T14237 pobj ICAM-1,of
R12385 T14242 T14243 auxpass was,enhanced
R12386 T14194 T14195 advmod only,speculate
R12387 T14243 T14233 acl enhanced,fact
R12388 T14244 T14243 prep in,enhanced
R12389 T14245 T14246 preconj both,PBM
R12390 T14195 T14195 ROOT speculate,speculate
R12391 T14246 T14249 nmod PBM,cells
R12392 T14247 T14246 cc and,PBM
R12393 T14196 T14199 mark that,have
R12394 T14248 T14246 conj THP-1,PBM
R12395 T14249 T14244 pobj cells,in
R12396 T14250 T14231 punct .,is
R12397 T14197 T14199 nsubj TLR4,have
R12398 T14251 T14256 det The,caused
R12399 T14252 T14256 prep over,caused
R12400 T14253 T14252 pobj expression,over
R12401 T14198 T14199 aux may,have
R12402 T14254 T14253 prep of,expression
R12403 T14255 T14254 pobj ICAM-1,of
R12404 T14199 T14195 ccomp have,speculate
R12405 T14256 T14256 ROOT caused,caused
R12406 T14257 T14259 det the,monocytes
R12407 T14297 T14298 nsubj CGN,is
R12408 T14258 T14259 amod activated,monocytes
R12409 T14259 T14261 nsubj monocytes,form
R12410 T14260 T14261 aux to,form
R12411 T14261 T14256 ccomp form,caused
R12412 T14262 T14263 compound cell,aggregates
R12413 T14298 T14292 ccomp is,suggesting
R12414 T14263 T14261 dobj aggregates,form
R12415 T14264 T14265 nsubj that,were
R12416 T14265 T14263 relcl were,aggregates
R12417 T14299 T14300 advmod more,biologically
R12418 T14266 T14267 advmod more,abundant
R12419 T14267 T14265 acomp abundant,were
R12420 T14300 T14301 advmod biologically,active
R12421 T14268 T14265 prep among,were
R12422 T14269 T14268 pobj cells,among
R12423 T14270 T14269 acl treated,cells
R12424 T14271 T14270 prep with,treated
R12425 T14272 T14275 det the,dCGN
R12426 T14273 T14275 nummod 40,dCGN
R12427 T14274 T14275 compound kDa,dCGN
R12428 T14301 T14298 acomp active,is
R12429 T14275 T14271 pobj dCGN,with
R12430 T14276 T14256 punct .,caused
R12431 T14277 T14278 nsubj This,correlates
R12432 T14302 T14278 punct .,correlates
R12433 T14278 T14278 ROOT correlates,correlates
R12434 T14303 T14309 prep In,are
R12435 T14279 T14278 prep with,correlates
R12436 T14280 T14282 det the,expression
R12437 T14304 T14303 pobj addition,In
R12438 T14281 T14282 amod higher,expression
R12439 T14282 T14279 pobj expression,with
R12440 T14283 T14282 prep of,expression
R12441 T14305 T14309 punct ",",are
R12442 T14284 T14283 pobj ICAM-1,of
R12443 T14285 T14282 acl induced,expression
R12444 T14286 T14285 agent by,induced
R12445 T14306 T14308 det the,aggregates
R12446 T14287 T14290 det the,dCGN
R12447 T14288 T14290 nummod 40,dCGN
R12448 T14289 T14290 compound kDa,dCGN
R12449 T14307 T14308 compound cell,aggregates
R12450 T14290 T14286 pobj dCGN,by
R12451 T14291 T14278 punct ",",correlates
R12452 T14292 T14278 advcl suggesting,correlates
R12453 T14308 T14309 nsubj aggregates,are
R12454 T14293 T14298 mark that,is
R12455 T14294 T14297 det the,CGN
R12456 T14295 T14296 advmod partially,degraded
R12457 T14309 T14309 ROOT are,are
R12458 T14296 T14297 amod degraded,CGN
R12459 T14310 T14309 acomp reminiscent,are
R12460 T14311 T14310 prep of,reminiscent
R12461 T14312 T14313 compound monocyte,aggregates
R12462 T14313 T14311 pobj aggregates,of
R12463 T14394 T14395 amod increased,number
R12464 T14395 T14392 dobj number,express
R12465 T14314 T14313 punct ",",aggregates
R12466 T14396 T14395 prep of,number
R12467 T14397 T14399 compound ICAM-1,molecules
R12468 T14398 T14399 compound adhesion,molecules
R12469 T14315 T14316 nsubj which,form
R12470 T14399 T14396 pobj molecules,of
R12471 T14400 T14389 punct ",",activate
R12472 T14316 T14313 relcl form,aggregates
R12473 T14401 T14402 advmod therefore,being
R12474 T14317 T14318 compound multinucleated,giant
R12475 T14402 T14389 advcl being,activate
R12476 T14403 T14402 acomp capable,being
R12477 T14404 T14403 prep of,capable
R12478 T14318 T14319 amod giant,cells
R12479 T14405 T14404 pcomp creating,of
R12480 T14406 T14408 det the,characteristic
R12481 T14407 T14408 compound conditions,characteristic
R12482 T14319 T14316 dobj cells,form
R12483 T14408 T14405 dobj characteristic,creating
R12484 T14409 T14408 prep of,characteristic
R12485 T14320 T14321 punct (,MGC
R12486 T14410 T14413 poss Crohn,symptomatology
R12487 T14411 T14410 case 's,Crohn
R12488 T14321 T14319 appos MGC,cells
R12489 T14412 T14413 compound disease,symptomatology
R12490 T14413 T14409 pobj symptomatology,of
R12491 T14414 T14413 punct ",",symptomatology
R12492 T14415 T14417 advmod i.e.,accumulation
R12493 T14322 T14313 punct ),aggregates
R12494 T14416 T14417 nmod PBM,accumulation
R12495 T14417 T14413 appos accumulation,symptomatology
R12496 T14323 T14309 prep in,are
R12497 T14418 T14417 cc and,accumulation
R12498 T14419 T14420 compound MGC,formation
R12499 T14420 T14421 compound formation,[
R12500 T14324 T14323 pobj patients,in
R12501 T14421 T14417 conj [,accumulation
R12502 T14422 T14423 nummod 45,]
R12503 T14423 T14423 ROOT ],]
R12504 T14325 T14309 prep with,are
R12505 T14424 T14423 punct ",",]
R12506 T14425 T14427 nmod [,]
R12507 T14426 T14427 nummod 46,]
R12508 T14326 T14328 poss Crohn,disease
R12509 T14427 T14423 appos ],]
R12510 T14428 T14389 punct .,activate
R12511 T14429 T14431 det The,pathway
R12512 T14327 T14326 case 's,Crohn
R12513 T14430 T14431 amod NF-κB,pathway
R12514 T14431 T14432 nsubj pathway,regulates
R12515 T14432 T14432 ROOT regulates,regulates
R12516 T14328 T14325 pobj disease,with
R12517 T14433 T14432 dobj genes,regulates
R12518 T14329 T14328 appos [,disease
R12519 T14330 T14331 nummod 42,]
R12520 T14434 T14433 amod responsible,genes
R12521 T14435 T14434 prep for,responsible
R12522 T14436 T14435 pobj ICAM-1,for
R12523 T14437 T14436 cc and,ICAM-1
R12524 T14331 T14329 appos ],[
R12525 T14438 T14439 compound TNF-α,expression
R12526 T14439 T14436 conj expression,ICAM-1
R12527 T14440 T14432 punct .,regulates
R12528 T14441 T14442 amod NF-κB,activation
R12529 T14332 T14309 punct .,are
R12530 T14442 T14444 nsubjpass activation,associated
R12531 T14443 T14444 auxpass is,associated
R12532 T14333 T14335 det These,cells
R12533 T14444 T14444 ROOT associated,associated
R12534 T14445 T14444 prep with,associated
R12535 T14446 T14447 det the,degradation
R12536 T14334 T14335 amod giant,cells
R12537 T14447 T14445 pobj degradation,with
R12538 T14448 T14447 prep of,degradation
R12539 T14449 T14451 det the,protein
R12540 T14335 T14338 nsubjpass cells,observed
R12541 T14450 T14451 compound inhibitor,protein
R12542 T14451 T14448 pobj protein,of
R12543 T14452 T14453 compound IκB,[
R12544 T14336 T14338 auxpass were,observed
R12545 T14453 T14447 appos [,degradation
R12546 T14454 T14455 nummod 47,]
R12547 T14455 T14453 appos ],[
R12548 T14337 T14338 neg not,observed
R12549 T14456 T14444 punct .,associated
R12550 T14457 T14460 advmod Indeed,induced
R12551 T14458 T14460 punct ",",induced
R12552 T14338 T14338 ROOT observed,observed
R12553 T14459 T14460 nsubj dCGN,induced
R12554 T14460 T14460 ROOT induced,induced
R12555 T14461 T14462 compound NF-κB,activation
R12556 T14339 T14338 prep in,observed
R12557 T14462 T14460 dobj activation,induced
R12558 T14463 T14464 mark as,shown
R12559 T14464 T14460 advcl shown,induced
R12560 T14340 T14341 amod healthy,individuals
R12561 T14465 T14464 agent by,shown
R12562 T14466 T14465 pobj degradation,by
R12563 T14341 T14339 pobj individuals,in
R12564 T14467 T14466 prep of,degradation
R12565 T14468 T14467 pobj IκBα,of
R12566 T14469 T14468 punct ",",IκBα
R12567 T14342 T14339 cc or,in
R12568 T14470 T14468 appos translocation,IκBα
R12569 T14471 T14470 prep of,translocation
R12570 T14343 T14339 conj in,in
R12571 T14472 T14471 pobj p65,of
R12572 T14473 T14472 cc and,p65
R12573 T14474 T14472 conj p50,p65
R12574 T14475 T14471 pobj sub-units,of
R12575 T14476 T14460 prep to,induced
R12576 T14477 T14478 det the,nucleus
R12577 T14344 T14343 pobj patients,in
R12578 T14478 T14476 pobj nucleus,to
R12579 T14479 T14460 cc and,induced
R12580 T14345 T14344 prep with,patients
R12581 T14480 T14460 agent by,induced
R12582 T14481 T14480 pobj activation,by
R12583 T14346 T14347 amod ulcerative,colitis
R12584 T14347 T14345 pobj colitis,with
R12585 T14482 T14481 prep of,activation
R12586 T14483 T14487 det an,plasmid
R12587 T14484 T14487 amod NF-κB-responsive,plasmid
R12588 T14348 T14350 nmod [,]
R12589 T14485 T14487 compound luciferase,plasmid
R12590 T14486 T14487 compound reporter,plasmid
R12591 T14487 T14482 pobj plasmid,of
R12592 T14349 T14350 nummod 42,]
R12593 T14488 T14460 punct .,induced
R12594 T14489 T14497 advmod Again,induced
R12595 T14350 T14350 ROOT ],]
R12596 T14490 T14497 punct ",",induced
R12597 T14351 T14338 punct .,observed
R12598 T14352 T14366 advmod Moreover,detected
R12599 T14353 T14354 punct ",",increased
R12600 T14354 T14366 nsubjpass increased,detected
R12601 T14491 T14493 det a,activation
R12602 T14355 T14356 compound expression,levels
R12603 T14492 T14493 amod stronger,activation
R12604 T14493 T14497 nsubjpass activation,induced
R12605 T14494 T14493 prep of,activation
R12606 T14356 T14354 dobj levels,increased
R12607 T14495 T14494 pobj NF-κB,of
R12608 T14496 T14497 auxpass was,induced
R12609 T14357 T14356 prep of,levels
R12610 T14497 T14497 ROOT induced,induced
R12611 T14498 T14497 agent by,induced
R12612 T14499 T14502 det the,dCGN
R12613 T14358 T14357 pobj ICAM-1,of
R12614 T14500 T14502 nummod 40,dCGN
R12615 T14501 T14502 compound kDa,dCGN
R12616 T14359 T14358 cc and,ICAM-1
R12617 T14502 T14498 pobj dCGN,by
R12618 T14503 T14497 prep compared,induced
R12619 T14504 T14503 prep to,compared
R12620 T14360 T14358 conj LFA-3,ICAM-1
R12621 T14505 T14507 nummod 10,dCGN
R12622 T14506 T14507 compound kDa,dCGN
R12623 T14507 T14504 pobj dCGN,to
R12624 T14508 T14497 punct ",",induced
R12625 T14509 T14497 advcl suggesting,induced
R12626 T14510 T14515 mark that,is
R12627 T14361 T14362 punct (,CD58
R12628 T14511 T14514 det the,CGN
R12629 T14362 T14360 appos CD58,LFA-3
R12630 T14363 T14360 punct ),LFA-3
R12631 T14512 T14513 advmod partially,degraded
R12632 T14513 T14514 amod degraded,CGN
R12633 T14364 T14366 auxpass were,detected
R12634 T14514 T14515 nsubj CGN,is
R12635 T14515 T14509 ccomp is,suggesting
R12636 T14516 T14517 advmod more,biologically
R12637 T14365 T14366 advmod also,detected
R12638 T14517 T14518 advmod biologically,active
R12639 T14518 T14515 acomp active,is
R12640 T14366 T14366 ROOT detected,detected
R12641 T14519 T14497 punct .,induced
R12642 T14520 T14521 poss Our,data
R12643 T14521 T14522 nsubj data,are
R12644 T14522 T14522 ROOT are,are
R12645 T14367 T14366 prep in,detected
R12646 T14523 T14522 prep in,are
R12647 T14524 T14523 pobj agreement,in
R12648 T14368 T14367 pobj monocytes,in
R12649 T14525 T14524 prep with,agreement
R12650 T14526 T14528 det a,study
R12651 T14527 T14528 amod previous,study
R12652 T14369 T14366 prep from,detected
R12653 T14528 T14525 pobj study,with
R12654 T14529 T14528 acl showing,study
R12655 T14370 T14369 pobj patients,from
R12656 T14530 T14534 mark that,induced
R12657 T14531 T14532 amod native,CGN
R12658 T14532 T14534 nsubj CGN,induced
R12659 T14371 T14366 prep with,detected
R12660 T14533 T14534 advmod also,induced
R12661 T14534 T14529 ccomp induced,showing
R12662 T14535 T14534 dobj activation,induced
R12663 T14372 T14374 poss Crohn,disease
R12664 T14536 T14535 prep of,activation
R12665 T14537 T14536 pobj NF-κB,of
R12666 T14373 T14372 case 's,Crohn
R12667 T14538 T14535 prep in,activation
R12668 T14539 T14542 amod human,cells
R12669 T14540 T14542 amod colonic,cells
R12670 T14374 T14371 pobj disease,with
R12671 T14541 T14542 amod epithelial,cells
R12672 T14542 T14538 pobj cells,in
R12673 T14543 T14545 nmod [,]
R12674 T14544 T14545 nummod 48,]
R12675 T14545 T14534 dobj ],induced
R12676 T14546 T14522 punct .,are
R12677 T14547 T14548 amod NF-κB,pathway
R12678 T14375 T14377 nmod [,]
R12679 T14548 T14551 nsubjpass pathway,associated
R12680 T14549 T14551 auxpass is,associated
R12681 T14550 T14551 advmod often,associated
R12682 T14376 T14377 nummod 43,]
R12683 T14551 T14551 ROOT associated,associated
R12684 T14552 T14553 aux to,promote
R12685 T14553 T14551 xcomp promote,associated
R12686 T14377 T14374 appos ],disease
R12687 T14554 T14555 compound cell,survival
R12688 T14555 T14553 dobj survival,promote
R12689 T14378 T14377 punct ",",]
R12690 T14556 T14555 cc and,survival
R12691 T14557 T14558 compound cancer,cell
R12692 T14558 T14559 compound cell,growth
R12693 T14379 T14381 nmod [,]
R12694 T14559 T14555 conj growth,survival
R12695 T14560 T14566 punct ",",reported
R12696 T14561 T14566 advmod however,reported
R12697 T14380 T14381 nummod 44,]
R12698 T14562 T14566 nsubjpass it,reported
R12699 T14563 T14566 aux has,reported
R12700 T14381 T14377 appos ],]
R12701 T14564 T14566 auxpass been,reported
R12702 T14565 T14566 advmod sometimes,reported
R12703 T14566 T14551 conj reported,associated
R12704 T14382 T14366 punct .,detected
R12705 T14567 T14568 aux to,behave
R12706 T14568 T14566 xcomp behave,reported
R12707 T14383 T14389 advmod Thus,activate
R12708 T14384 T14389 punct ",",activate
R12709 T14569 T14568 prep as,behave
R12710 T14570 T14572 det a,suppressor
R12711 T14385 T14386 amod degraded,CGN
R12712 T14571 T14572 compound tumor,suppressor
R12713 T14572 T14569 pobj suppressor,as
R12714 T14386 T14389 nsubj CGN,activate
R12715 T14387 T14389 advmod clearly,activate
R12717 T14388 T14389 aux can,activate
R12720 T14389 T14389 ROOT activate,activate
R12726 T14390 T14389 dobj monocytes,activate
R12730 T14391 T14392 aux to,express
R12733 T14392 T14389 advcl express,activate
R12736 T14393 T14395 det an,number
R12737 T14685 T14687 det an,phenotype
R12740 T14686 T14687 amod inflammatory,phenotype
R12741 T14590 T14592 aux has,reported
R12742 T14591 T14592 auxpass been,reported
R12743 T14687 T14684 dobj phenotype,acquired
R12744 T14592 T14592 ROOT reported,reported
R12745 T14593 T14592 prep in,reported
R12746 T14688 T14689 nsubj that,included
R12747 T14689 T14687 relcl included,phenotype
R12748 T14594 T14597 amod normal,cells
R12749 T14595 T14597 amod human,cells
R12750 T14690 T14691 amod higher,expression
R12751 T14596 T14597 amod epidermal,cells
R12752 T14597 T14593 pobj cells,in
R12753 T14691 T14689 dobj expression,included
R12754 T14598 T14600 nmod [,]
R12755 T14599 T14600 nummod 50,]
R12756 T14600 T14592 npadvmod ],reported
R12757 T14692 T14691 prep of,expression
R12758 T14601 T14592 punct .,reported
R12759 T14602 T14607 advmod Indeed,shown
R12760 T14693 T14696 det the,ICAM-1
R12761 T14603 T14607 punct ",",shown
R12762 T14604 T14607 nsubjpass it,shown
R12763 T14605 T14607 aux has,shown
R12764 T14694 T14695 compound adhesion,molecule
R12765 T14606 T14607 auxpass been,shown
R12766 T14607 T14607 ROOT shown,shown
R12767 T14608 T14611 mark that,suppressed
R12768 T14695 T14696 compound molecule,ICAM-1
R12769 T14609 T14610 amod NF-κB,activation
R12770 T14610 T14611 nsubj activation,suppressed
R12771 T14611 T14607 ccomp suppressed,shown
R12772 T14696 T14699 nmod ICAM-1,production
R12773 T14612 T14613 nummod cdk4,expression
R12774 T14613 T14611 dobj expression,suppressed
R12775 T14614 T14613 punct ",",expression
R12776 T14615 T14616 nsubj which,is
R12777 T14616 T14613 relcl is,expression
R12778 T14617 T14616 acomp necessary,is
R12779 T14697 T14696 cc and,ICAM-1
R12780 T14618 T14616 prep for,is
R12781 T14619 T14620 det the,transition
R12782 T14620 T14618 pobj transition,for
R12783 T14698 T14699 amod TNF-α,production
R12784 T14621 T14620 prep to,transition
R12785 T14622 T14623 compound S,phase
R12786 T14623 T14621 pobj phase,to
R12787 T14699 T14692 pobj production,of
R12788 T14624 T14607 punct .,shown
R12789 T14625 T14630 advmod Finally,reported
R12790 T14700 T14684 punct ",",acquired
R12791 T14626 T14630 punct ",",reported
R12792 T14627 T14628 amod NF-κB,activation
R12793 T14628 T14630 nsubjpass activation,reported
R12794 T14701 T14684 prep via,acquired
R12795 T14629 T14630 auxpass was,reported
R12796 T14630 T14630 ROOT reported,reported
R12797 T14631 T14632 aux to,induce
R12798 T14702 T14704 det the,pathway
R12799 T14632 T14630 xcomp induce,reported
R12800 T14633 T14634 compound growth,arrest
R12801 T14703 T14704 compound NF-κB,pathway
R12802 T14634 T14632 dobj arrest,induce
R12803 T14635 T14632 prep in,induce
R12804 T14636 T14638 amod normal,keratinocytes
R12805 T14637 T14638 amod human,keratinocytes
R12806 T14704 T14701 pobj pathway,via
R12807 T14638 T14635 pobj keratinocytes,in
R12808 T14639 T14632 prep by,induce
R12809 T14705 T14684 punct .,acquired
R12810 T14640 T14641 det a,mechanims
R12811 T14641 T14639 pobj mechanims,by
R12812 T14642 T14641 acl involving,mechanims
R12813 T14706 T14708 det This,expression
R12814 T14707 T14708 amod higher,expression
R12815 T14643 T14645 det the,inhibitor
R12816 T14644 T14645 compound cdk,inhibitor
R12817 T14645 T14642 dobj inhibitor,involving
R12818 T14708 T14711 nsubj expression,resulted
R12819 T14646 T14649 nummod p21,]
R12820 T14647 T14649 nmod [,]
R12821 T14648 T14649 nummod 51,]
R12822 T14709 T14708 prep of,expression
R12823 T14649 T14645 appos ],inhibitor
R12824 T14650 T14630 punct .,reported
R12825 T14651 T14652 det The,effects
R12826 T14652 T14660 nsubj effects,remain
R12827 T14653 T14652 prep of,effects
R12828 T14710 T14709 pobj ICAM-1,of
R12829 T14654 T14653 pobj dCGN,of
R12830 T14655 T14652 prep on,effects
R12831 T14656 T14659 nummod p21,expression
R12832 T14711 T14711 ROOT resulted,resulted
R12833 T14657 T14656 cc and,p21
R12834 T14658 T14656 conj cdk4,p21
R12835 T14659 T14655 pobj expression,on
R12836 T14712 T14711 prep in,resulted
R12837 T14660 T14660 ROOT remain,remain
R12838 T14661 T14663 aux to,studied
R12839 T14713 T14712 pobj formation,in
R12840 T14662 T14663 auxpass be,studied
R12841 T14663 T14660 xcomp studied,remain
R12842 T14664 T14660 punct .,remain
R12843 T14714 T14713 prep of,formation
R12844 T14665 T14671 prep In,demonstrated
R12845 T14666 T14667 det these,studies
R12846 T14667 T14665 pobj studies,In
R12847 T14715 T14716 compound cell,aggregates
R12848 T14716 T14714 pobj aggregates,of
R12849 T14668 T14671 punct ",",demonstrated
R12850 T14717 T14716 amod similar,aggregates
R12851 T14669 T14671 nsubj we,demonstrated
R12852 T14670 T14671 aux have,demonstrated
R12853 T14671 T14671 ROOT demonstrated,demonstrated
R12854 T14718 T14717 prep to,similar
R12855 T14672 T14674 det a,action
R12856 T14673 T14674 amod direct,action
R12857 T14674 T14671 dobj action,demonstrated
R12858 T14719 T14718 pobj those,to
R12859 T14675 T14674 prep of,action
R12860 T14676 T14675 pobj dCGN,of
R12861 T14720 T14719 acl observed,those
R12862 T14721 T14720 prep in,observed
R12863 T14677 T14674 prep on,action
R12864 T14722 T14721 pobj patients,in
R12865 T14678 T14677 pobj monocytes,on
R12866 T14723 T14719 prep with,those
R12867 T14679 T14671 punct .,demonstrated
R12868 T14680 T14684 nsubj Monocytes,acquired
R12869 T14681 T14680 acl exposed,Monocytes
R12870 T14724 T14726 poss Crohn,disease
R12871 T14682 T14681 prep to,exposed
R12872 T14683 T14682 pobj dCGN,to
R12873 T14684 T14684 ROOT acquired,acquired
R12874 T14725 T14724 case 's,Crohn
R12875 T14726 T14723 pobj disease,with
R12876 T14727 T14711 punct .,resulted
R12877 T14728 T14729 nsubj We,presume
R12878 T14782 T14783 det The,way
R12879 T14729 T14729 ROOT presume,presume
R12880 T14783 T14801 nsubj way,is
R12881 T14784 T14788 prep by,leave
R12882 T14785 T14784 pobj which,by
R12883 T14730 T14741 mark that,induce
R12884 T14786 T14788 nsubj dCGN,leave
R12885 T14787 T14788 aux may,leave
R12886 T14731 T14733 det the,effects
R12887 T14788 T14783 relcl leave,way
R12888 T14789 T14791 det the,lumen
R12889 T14790 T14791 amod intestinal,lumen
R12890 T14732 T14733 compound differential,effects
R12891 T14791 T14788 dobj lumen,leave
R12892 T14792 T14788 cc and,leave
R12893 T14733 T14741 nsubj effects,induce
R12894 T14734 T14733 prep of,effects
R12895 T14793 T14788 conj cross,leave
R12896 T14735 T14739 nummod 10,dCGN
R12897 T14794 T14796 det the,barrier
R12898 T14795 T14796 amod epithelial,barrier
R12899 T14796 T14793 dobj barrier,cross
R12900 T14736 T14735 cc and,10
R12901 T14797 T14798 aux to,reach
R12902 T14798 T14793 advcl reach,cross
R12903 T14737 T14735 conj 40,10
R12904 T14799 T14800 det the,macrophages
R12905 T14800 T14798 dobj macrophages,reach
R12906 T14738 T14739 compound kDa,dCGN
R12907 T14801 T14801 ROOT is,is
R12908 T14802 T14805 det an,question
R12909 T14739 T14734 pobj dCGN,of
R12910 T14803 T14805 amod intriguing,question
R12911 T14804 T14805 amod open,question
R12912 T14740 T14741 aux to,induce
R12913 T14805 T14801 attr question,is
R12914 T14806 T14801 punct .,is
R12915 T14807 T14809 nummod One,explanation
R12916 T14741 T14729 ccomp induce,presume
R12917 T14808 T14809 amod possible,explanation
R12918 T14809 T14810 nsubj explanation,resides
R12919 T14810 T14810 ROOT resides,resides
R12920 T14742 T14743 det these,effects
R12921 T14811 T14810 prep in,resides
R12922 T14812 T14813 det the,potential
R12923 T14813 T14811 pobj potential,in
R12924 T14814 T14813 prep of,potential
R12925 T14815 T14814 pobj dCGN,of
R12926 T14816 T14817 aux to,induce
R12927 T14743 T14741 dobj effects,induce
R12928 T14817 T14810 advcl induce,resides
R12929 T14818 T14822 amod cellular,effects
R12930 T14819 T14818 cc and,cellular
R12931 T14744 T14741 prep on,induce
R12932 T14820 T14818 conj paracellular,cellular
R12933 T14821 T14822 amod injurious,effects
R12934 T14745 T14744 pobj monocytes,on
R12935 T14822 T14817 dobj effects,induce
R12936 T14823 T14817 prep at,induce
R12937 T14746 T14748 auxpass are,linked
R12938 T14824 T14828 det the,monolayer
R12939 T14825 T14827 amod intestinal,cell
R12940 T14747 T14748 advmod tightly,linked
R12941 T14826 T14827 amod epithelial,cell
R12942 T14748 T14729 conj linked,presume
R12943 T14827 T14828 compound cell,monolayer
R12944 T14828 T14823 pobj monolayer,at
R12945 T14829 T14828 appos [,monolayer
R12946 T14749 T14748 prep to,linked
R12947 T14830 T14831 nummod 48,]
R12948 T14831 T14828 appos ],monolayer
R12949 T14750 T14751 poss their,capacity
R12950 T14832 T14810 punct .,resides
R12951 T14833 T14837 prep In,inhibited
R12952 T14834 T14833 pobj conclusion,In
R12953 T14751 T14749 pobj capacity,to
R12954 T14835 T14837 punct ",",inhibited
R12955 T14836 T14837 nsubj dCGN,inhibited
R12956 T14837 T14837 ROOT inhibited,inhibited
R12957 T14752 T14753 aux to,induce
R12958 T14838 T14840 nummod THP-1,proliferation
R12959 T14839 T14840 compound cell,proliferation
R12960 T14840 T14837 dobj proliferation,inhibited
R12961 T14753 T14751 acl induce,capacity
R12962 T14841 T14837 prep in,inhibited
R12963 T14842 T14841 pobj vitro,in
R12964 T14843 T14837 punct ",",inhibited
R12965 T14754 T14753 dobj inflammation,induce
R12966 T14844 T14837 advcl accumulating,inhibited
R12967 T14845 T14846 det the,cells
R12968 T14846 T14844 dobj cells,accumulating
R12969 T14755 T14754 prep in,inflammation
R12970 T14847 T14846 prep in,cells
R12971 T14848 T14850 det the,phase
R12972 T14756 T14755 pobj vivo,in
R12973 T14849 T14850 compound G1,phase
R12974 T14850 T14847 pobj phase,in
R12975 T14851 T14850 prep of,phase
R12976 T14852 T14854 det the,cycle
R12977 T14853 T14854 compound cell,cycle
R12978 T14854 T14851 pobj cycle,of
R12979 T14757 T14729 punct .,presume
R12980 T14855 T14837 punct ",",inhibited
R12981 T14856 T14858 amod increased,expression
R12982 T14857 T14858 compound ICAM-1,expression
R12983 T14758 T14766 advmod However,come
R12984 T14858 T14837 dobj expression,inhibited
R12985 T14859 T14837 punct ",",inhibited
R12986 T14759 T14766 punct ",",come
R12987 T14860 T14837 conj stimulated,inhibited
R12988 T14861 T14863 amod ICAM-1-dependent,aggregation
R12989 T14862 T14863 compound monocyte,aggregation
R12990 T14760 T14766 prep in,come
R12991 T14863 T14860 dobj aggregation,stimulated
R12992 T14864 T14860 prep in,stimulated
R12993 T14761 T14760 pobj vivo,in
R12994 T14865 T14864 pobj vitro,in
R12995 T14866 T14860 punct ",",stimulated
R12996 T14867 T14860 cc and,stimulated
R12997 T14762 T14766 punct ",",come
R12998 T14868 T14860 conj stimulated,stimulated
R12999 T14869 T14870 compound TNF-α,expression
R13000 T14763 T14766 nsubj macrophages,come
R13001 T14870 T14868 dobj expression,stimulated
R13002 T14871 T14870 cc and,expression
R13003 T14872 T14870 conj secretion,expression
R13004 T14764 T14766 aux do,come
R13005 T14873 T14837 punct .,inhibited
R13006 T14874 T14875 det These,responses
R13007 T14875 T14876 nsubj responses,were
R13008 T14765 T14766 neg not,come
R13009 T14876 T14876 ROOT were,were
R13010 T14877 T14878 advmod more,pronounced
R13011 T14878 T14876 acomp pronounced,were
R13012 T14766 T14766 ROOT come,come
R13013 T14767 T14766 prep in,come
R13014 T14879 T14876 advcl following,were
R13015 T14768 T14769 amod direct,contact
R13016 T14880 T14882 nummod 40,dCGN
R13017 T14881 T14882 compound kDa,dCGN
R13018 T14769 T14767 pobj contact,in
R13019 T14882 T14879 dobj dCGN,following
R13020 T14883 T14876 punct ",",were
R13021 T14770 T14769 prep with,contact
R13022 T14884 T14876 cc and,were
R13023 T14771 T14773 det the,lumen
R13024 T14885 T14887 auxpass were,linked
R13025 T14886 T14887 dep all,linked
R13026 T14887 T14876 conj linked,were
R13027 T14888 T14887 prep to,linked
R13028 T14889 T14890 compound NF-κB,activation
R13029 T14772 T14773 amod intestinal,lumen
R13030 T14890 T14888 pobj activation,to
R13031 T14891 T14876 punct .,were
R13032 T14892 T14893 det These,results
R13033 T14773 T14770 pobj lumen,with
R13034 T14893 T14894 nsubj results,suggest
R13035 T14894 T14894 ROOT suggest,suggest
R13036 T14774 T14766 cc and,come
R13037 T14895 T14910 mark that,have
R13038 T14896 T14910 punct ",",have
R13039 T14897 T14901 mark although,used
R13040 T14775 T14776 auxpass are,separated
R13041 T14898 T14901 nsubjpass CGN,used
R13042 T14776 T14766 conj separated,come
R13043 T14899 T14901 auxpass is,used
R13044 T14777 T14776 agent by,separated
R13045 T14900 T14901 advmod widely,used
R13046 T14901 T14910 advcl used,have
R13047 T14902 T14901 prep as,used
R13048 T14778 T14780 det the,barrier
R13049 T14903 T14905 det a,additive
R13050 T14904 T14905 compound food,additive
R13051 T14779 T14780 amod epithelial,barrier
R13052 T14905 T14902 pobj additive,as
R13053 T14906 T14910 punct ",",have
R13054 T14907 T14909 poss its,forms
R13055 T14780 T14777 pobj barrier,by
R13056 T14908 T14909 amod degraded,forms
R13057 T14909 T14910 nsubj forms,have
R13058 T14781 T14766 punct .,come
R13059 T14910 T14894 ccomp have,suggest
R13060 T14911 T14913 det an,effect
R13062 T14912 T14913 amod important,effect
R13063 T14913 T14910 dobj effect,have
R13064 T14914 T14913 prep on,effect
R13065 T14915 T14914 pobj monocytes,on
R13066 T14916 T14915 amod characteristic,monocytes
R13067 T14917 T14916 prep of,characteristic
R13068 T14918 T14920 det an,phenotype
R13069 T14919 T14920 amod inflammatory,phenotype
R13070 T14920 T14917 pobj phenotype,of
R13071 T14921 T14894 punct .,suggest
R13449 T15673 T15674 amod Degraded,CGN
R13450 T15674 T15675 nsubj CGN,induced
R13451 T15675 T15675 ROOT induced,induced
R13452 T15676 T15677 compound colon,inflammation
R13453 T15677 T15675 dobj inflammation,induced
R13454 T15678 T15677 prep in,inflammation
R13455 T15679 T15678 pobj rats,in
R13456 T15680 T15675 punct .,induced
R13457 T15681 T15706 dep Histograms,score
R13458 T15682 T15681 acl showing,Histograms
R13459 T15683 T15684 det the,effect
R13460 T15684 T15682 dobj effect,showing
R13461 T15685 T15684 prep of,effect
R13462 T15686 T15687 amod degraded,CGN
R13463 T15687 T15685 pobj CGN,of
R13464 T15688 T15684 prep on,effect
R13465 T15689 T15688 punct :,on
R13466 T15690 T15691 compound colon,length
R13467 T15691 T15688 pobj length,on
R13468 T15692 T15693 punct (,A
R13469 T15693 T15691 appos A,length
R13470 T15694 T15693 punct ),A
R13471 T15695 T15706 punct ;,score
R13472 T15696 T15706 amod macroscopic,score
R13473 T15697 T15698 punct (,B
R13474 T15698 T15696 appos B,macroscopic
R13475 T15699 T15698 punct ),B
R13476 T15700 T15696 cc and,macroscopic
R13477 T15701 T15696 conj histological,macroscopic
R13478 T15702 T15701 punct (,histological
R13479 T15703 T15701 appos C,histological
R13480 T15704 T15701 punct ),histological
R13481 T15705 T15706 compound inflammation,score
R13482 T15706 T15706 ROOT score,score
R13483 T15707 T15706 prep of,score
R13484 T15708 T15707 pobj colon,of
R13485 T15709 T15706 punct ;,score
R13486 T15710 T15714 nmod Myeloperoxidase,activity
R13487 T15711 T15712 punct (,MPO
R13488 T15712 T15710 appos MPO,Myeloperoxidase
R13489 T15713 T15712 punct ),MPO
R13490 T15714 T15706 conj activity,score
R13491 T15715 T15716 punct (,D
R13492 T15716 T15714 appos D,activity
R13493 T15717 T15714 punct ),activity
R13494 T15718 T15706 punct .,score
R13495 T15719 T15720 compound Control,rats
R13496 T15720 T15720 ROOT rats,rats
R13497 T15721 T15723 punct (,bars
R13498 T15722 T15723 amod white,bars
R13499 T15723 T15720 appos bars,rats
R13500 T15724 T15723 punct ),bars
R13501 T15725 T15723 punct ;,bars
R13502 T15726 T15727 nummod 10,kDa
R13503 T15727 T15720 appos kDa,rats
R13504 T15728 T15730 amod degraded,rats
R13505 T15729 T15730 amod CGN-treated,rats
R13506 T15730 T15727 appos rats,kDa
R13507 T15731 T15733 punct (,bars
R13508 T15732 T15733 compound grey,bars
R13509 T15733 T15730 appos bars,rats
R13510 T15734 T15730 punct ),rats
R13511 T15735 T15727 punct ;,kDa
R13512 T15736 T15737 nummod 40,kDa
R13513 T15737 T15738 npadvmod kDa,degraded
R13514 T15738 T15740 amod degraded,rats
R13515 T15739 T15740 amod CGN-treated,rats
R13516 T15740 T15727 appos rats,kDa
R13517 T15741 T15743 punct (,bars
R13518 T15742 T15743 amod black,bars
R13519 T15743 T15740 appos bars,rats
R13520 T15744 T15740 punct ),rats
R13521 T15745 T15720 punct .,rats
R13522 T15746 T15748 punct *,<
R13523 T15747 T15748 compound p,<
R13524 T15748 T15748 ROOT <,<
R13525 T15749 T15748 nummod 0.05,<
R13526 T15750 T15748 prep from,<
R13527 T15751 T15750 pobj control,from
R13528 T15752 T15748 punct .,<
R13529 T15753 T15748 punct **,<
R13530 T15754 T15756 nmod p,0.01
R13531 T15755 T15756 nmod <,0.01
R13532 T15756 T15753 nummod 0.01,**
R13533 T15757 T15753 prep from,**
R13534 T15758 T15757 pobj control,from
R13535 T15759 T15753 punct .,**
R13536 T15760 T15761 amod Histological,analysis
R13537 T15761 T15761 ROOT analysis,analysis
R13538 T15762 T15761 prep of,analysis
R13539 T15763 T15762 pobj colon,of
R13540 T15764 T15761 prep from,analysis
R13541 T15765 T15766 compound control,rats
R13542 T15766 T15764 pobj rats,from
R13543 T15767 T15766 punct (,rats
R13544 T15768 T15766 appos E,rats
R13545 T15769 T15766 punct ),rats
R13546 T15770 T15761 punct ",",analysis
R13547 T15771 T15761 cc and,analysis
R13548 T15772 T15761 conj from,analysis
R13549 T15773 T15776 nummod 40,rats
R13550 T15774 T15775 compound kDa,dCGN-treated
R13551 T15775 T15776 compound dCGN-treated,rats
R13552 T15776 T15772 pobj rats,from
R13553 T15777 T15776 punct (,rats
R13554 T15778 T15776 appos F,rats
R13555 T15779 T15776 punct ),rats
R13556 T15780 T15761 punct .,analysis
R13769 T16060 T16061 amod Degraded,CGN
R13770 T16061 T16062 nsubj CGN,stimulated
R13771 T16062 T16062 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R13772 T16063 T16064 compound TNF,secretion
R13773 T16064 T16062 dobj secretion,stimulated
R13774 T16065 T16064 prep from,secretion
R13775 T16066 T16065 pobj monocytes,from
R13776 T16067 T16062 punct .,stimulated
R13777 T16068 T16068 ROOT Levels,Levels
R13778 T16069 T16068 prep of,Levels
R13779 T16070 T16069 pobj TNF,of
R13780 T16071 T16068 acl released,Levels
R13781 T16072 T16071 prep from,released
R13782 T16073 T16075 amod peripheral,monocytes
R13783 T16074 T16075 compound blood,monocytes
R13784 T16075 T16072 pobj monocytes,from
R13785 T16076 T16075 punct (,monocytes
R13786 T16077 T16078 det A,B
R13787 T16078 T16075 appos B,monocytes
R13788 T16079 T16078 punct ),B
R13789 T16080 T16078 cc and,B
R13790 T16081 T16082 nummod THP-1,cells
R13791 T16082 T16078 conj cells,B
R13792 T16083 T16082 punct (,cells
R13793 T16084 T16082 appos C,cells
R13794 T16085 T16082 appos D,cells
R13795 T16086 T16075 punct ),monocytes
R13796 T16087 T16071 prep after,released
R13797 T16088 T16087 pobj stimulation,after
R13798 T16089 T16071 prep with,released
R13799 T16090 T16089 pobj dCGN,with
R13800 T16091 T16071 punct .,released
R13801 T16092 T16095 det A,release
R13802 T16093 T16095 punct :,release
R13803 T16094 T16095 compound TNF,release
R13804 T16095 T16095 ROOT release,release
R13805 T16096 T16095 acl induced,release
R13807 T16098 T16099 amod native,CGN
R13808 T16099 T16097 pobj CGN,by
R13809 T16100 T16099 punct (,CGN
R13810 T16101 T16102 amod open,bars
R13811 T16102 T16099 appos bars,CGN
R13812 T16103 T16099 punct ),CGN
R13813 T16104 T16095 punct ",",release
R13814 T16105 T16107 nummod 10,dCGN
R13815 T16106 T16107 compound kDa,dCGN
R13816 T16107 T16095 appos dCGN,release
R13817 T16108 T16110 punct (,bars
R13818 T16109 T16110 amod grey,bars
R13819 T16110 T16107 parataxis bars,dCGN
R13820 T16111 T16110 punct ),bars
R13821 T16112 T16110 punct ",",bars
R13822 T16113 T16110 cc or,bars
R13823 T16114 T16116 nummod 40,dCGN
R13824 T16115 T16116 compound kDa,dCGN
R13825 T16116 T16110 conj dCGN,bars
R13826 T16117 T16119 punct (,bars
R13827 T16118 T16119 amod black,bars
R13828 T16119 T16116 parataxis bars,dCGN
R13829 T16120 T16116 punct ),dCGN
R13830 T16121 T16095 punct .,release
R13831 T16122 T16122 ROOT B,B
R13832 T16123 T16122 punct :,B
R13833 T16124 T16122 appos Kinetics,B
R13834 T16125 T16124 prep of,Kinetics
R13835 T16126 T16127 compound TNF,release
R13836 T16127 T16125 pobj release,of
R13837 T16128 T16127 acl induced,release
R13838 T16129 T16128 agent by,induced
R13839 T16130 T16129 pobj nothing,by
R13840 T16131 T16132 punct (,control
R13841 T16132 T16130 appos control,nothing
R13842 T16133 T16124 punct ;,Kinetics
R13843 T16134 T16135 amod black,diamonds
R13844 T16135 T16124 appos diamonds,Kinetics
R13845 T16136 T16124 punct ),Kinetics
R13846 T16137 T16124 punct ",",Kinetics
R13847 T16138 T16140 quantmod 0.1,10
R13848 T16139 T16140 quantmod mg/ml,10
R13849 T16140 T16142 nummod 10,dCGN
R13850 T16141 T16142 compound kDa,dCGN
R13851 T16142 T16124 appos dCGN,Kinetics
R13852 T16143 T16145 punct (,triangles
R13853 T16144 T16145 amod black,triangles
R13854 T16145 T16142 parataxis triangles,dCGN
R13855 T16146 T16124 punct ),Kinetics
R13856 T16147 T16124 punct ",",Kinetics
R13857 T16148 T16150 quantmod 0.1,40
R13858 T16149 T16150 quantmod mg/ml,40
R13859 T16150 T16152 nummod 40,dCGN
R13860 T16151 T16152 compound kDa,dCGN
R13861 T16152 T16124 appos dCGN,Kinetics
R13862 T16153 T16155 punct (,squares
R13863 T16154 T16155 amod black,squares
R13864 T16155 T16152 parataxis squares,dCGN
R13865 T16156 T16155 punct ),squares
R13866 T16157 T16155 punct ",",squares
R13867 T16158 T16155 cc or,squares
R13868 T16159 T16160 nummod 10,µg
R13869 T16160 T16163 compound µg,LPS
R13870 T16161 T16163 compound /,LPS
R13871 T16162 T16163 compound ml,LPS
R13872 T16163 T16155 conj LPS,squares
R13873 T16164 T16163 punct (,LPS
R13874 T16165 T16166 amod open,squares
R13875 T16166 T16163 appos squares,LPS
R13876 T16167 T16163 punct ),LPS
R13877 T16168 T16122 punct .,B
R13878 T16169 T16169 ROOT C,C
R13879 T16170 T16169 punct :,C
R13880 T16171 T16172 compound TNF,release
R13881 T16172 T16169 appos release,C
R13882 T16173 T16172 acl induced,release
R13883 T16174 T16173 agent by,induced
R13884 T16175 T16174 pobj nothing,by
R13885 T16176 T16177 punct (,control
R13886 T16177 T16172 conj control,release
R13887 T16178 T16169 punct ;,C
R13888 T16179 T16180 amod open,bars
R13889 T16180 T16169 appos bars,C
R13890 T16181 T16169 punct ),C
R13891 T16182 T16169 punct ",",C
R13892 T16183 T16184 nummod 10,µg
R13893 T16184 T16187 compound µg,LPS
R13894 T16185 T16187 compound /,LPS
R13895 T16186 T16187 compound ml,LPS
R13896 T16187 T16169 conj LPS,C
R13897 T16188 T16189 punct (,hatched
R13898 T16189 T16190 amod hatched,bars
R13899 T16190 T16169 appos bars,C
R13900 T16191 T16190 punct ),bars
R13901 T16192 T16190 punct ",",bars
R13902 T16193 T16190 cc or,bars
R13903 T16194 T16195 amod increasing,concentrations
R13904 T16195 T16190 conj concentrations,bars
R13905 T16196 T16195 prep of,concentrations
R13906 T16197 T16199 nummod 10,dCGN
R13907 T16198 T16199 compound kDa,dCGN
R13908 T16199 T16196 pobj dCGN,of
R13909 T16200 T16202 punct (,bars
R13910 T16201 T16202 amod grey,bars
R13911 T16202 T16199 appos bars,dCGN
R13912 T16203 T16199 punct ),dCGN
R13913 T16204 T16195 punct ",",concentrations
R13914 T16205 T16195 cc or,concentrations
R13915 T16206 T16208 nummod 40,dCGN
R13916 T16207 T16208 compound kDa,dCGN
R13917 T16208 T16195 conj dCGN,concentrations
R13918 T16209 T16211 punct (,bars
R13919 T16210 T16211 amod black,bars
R13920 T16211 T16208 parataxis bars,dCGN
R13921 T16212 T16208 punct ),dCGN
R13922 T16213 T16169 punct .,C
R13923 T16214 T16214 ROOT D,D
R13924 T16215 T16214 punct :,D
R13925 T16216 T16214 appos Kinetics,D
R13926 T16217 T16216 prep of,Kinetics
R13927 T16218 T16219 compound TNF,release
R13928 T16219 T16217 pobj release,of
R13929 T16220 T16219 acl induced,release
R13930 T16221 T16220 agent by,induced
R13931 T16222 T16221 pobj nothing,by
R13932 T16223 T16224 punct (,control
R13933 T16224 T16222 amod control,nothing
R13934 T16225 T16216 punct ;,Kinetics
R13935 T16226 T16227 amod black,diamonds
R13936 T16227 T16216 appos diamonds,Kinetics
R13937 T16228 T16216 punct ),Kinetics
R13938 T16229 T16216 punct ",",Kinetics
R13939 T16230 T16232 quantmod 0.1,10
R13940 T16231 T16232 quantmod mg/ml,10
R13941 T16232 T16234 nummod 10,dCGN
R13942 T16233 T16234 compound kDa,dCGN
R13943 T16234 T16216 appos dCGN,Kinetics
R13944 T16235 T16237 punct (,triangles
R13945 T16236 T16237 amod black,triangles
R13946 T16237 T16234 parataxis triangles,dCGN
R13947 T16238 T16237 punct ),triangles
R13948 T16239 T16237 punct ",",triangles
R13949 T16240 T16242 quantmod 0.1,40
R13950 T16241 T16242 quantmod mg/ml,40
R13951 T16242 T16244 nummod 40,dCGN
R13952 T16243 T16244 compound kDa,dCGN
R13953 T16244 T16234 conj dCGN,dCGN
R13954 T16245 T16247 punct (,squares
R13955 T16246 T16247 amod black,squares
R13956 T16247 T16244 parataxis squares,dCGN
R13957 T16248 T16247 punct ),squares
R13958 T16249 T16247 punct ",",squares
R13959 T16250 T16247 cc or,squares
R13960 T16251 T16252 nummod 10,µg
R13961 T16252 T16255 compound µg,LPS
R13962 T16253 T16255 compound /,LPS
R13963 T16254 T16255 compound ml,LPS
R13964 T16255 T16247 conj LPS,squares
R13965 T16256 T16255 punct (,LPS
R13966 T16257 T16258 amod open,squares
R13967 T16258 T16255 appos squares,LPS
R13968 T16259 T16255 punct ),LPS
R13969 T16260 T16214 punct .,D
R14128 T16464 T16465 amod Degraded,CGN
R14129 T16465 T16466 nsubj CGN,induced
R14130 T16466 T16466 ROOT induced,induced
R14131 T16467 T16470 nummod THP1,arrest
R14132 T16468 T16469 compound cell,cycle
R14133 T16469 T16470 compound cycle,arrest
R14134 T16470 T16466 dobj arrest,induced
R14135 T16471 T16466 prep in,induced
R14136 T16472 T16473 nummod G1,phase
R14137 T16473 T16471 pobj phase,in
R14138 T16474 T16466 punct .,induced
R14139 T16475 T16476 nummod THP-1,cells
R14140 T16476 T16482 nsubjpass cells,incubated
R14141 T16477 T16476 prep in,cells
R14142 T16478 T16480 amod exponential,phase
R14143 T16479 T16480 compound growth,phase
R14144 T16480 T16477 pobj phase,in
R14145 T16481 T16482 auxpass were,incubated
R14146 T16482 T16482 ROOT incubated,incubated
R14147 T16483 T16482 prep in,incubated
R14148 T16484 T16485 det the,presence
R14149 T16485 T16483 pobj presence,in
R14150 T16486 T16485 cc or,presence
R14151 T16487 T16485 conj absence,presence
R14152 T16488 T16487 prep of,absence
R14153 T16489 T16488 pobj carrageenan,of
R14154 T16490 T16482 prep for,incubated
R14155 T16491 T16492 nummod 24,h
R14156 T16492 T16490 pobj h,for
R14157 T16493 T16482 prep before,incubated
R14158 T16494 T16495 auxpass being,stained
R14159 T16495 T16493 pcomp stained,before
R14160 T16496 T16495 prep with,stained
R14161 T16497 T16498 compound propidium,iodide
R14162 T16498 T16496 pobj iodide,with
R14163 T16499 T16482 punct .,incubated
R14164 T16500 T16501 compound Cell,DNA
R14165 T16501 T16502 compound DNA,content
R14166 T16502 T16505 nsubjpass content,analyzed
R14167 T16503 T16505 auxpass was,analyzed
R14168 T16504 T16505 advmod then,analyzed
R14169 T16505 T16505 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R14170 T16506 T16505 agent by,analyzed
R14171 T16507 T16508 compound flow,cytometry
R14172 T16508 T16506 pobj cytometry,by
R14173 T16509 T16505 punct .,analyzed
R14174 T16510 T16512 compound A,Histograms
R14175 T16511 T16510 punct :,A
R14176 T16512 T16512 ROOT Histograms,Histograms
R14177 T16513 T16512 prep of,Histograms
R14178 T16514 T16513 pobj cells,of
R14179 T16515 T16514 acl treated,cells
R14180 T16516 T16515 prep with,treated
R14181 T16517 T16516 pobj medium,with
R14182 T16518 T16520 advmod only,control
R14183 T16519 T16520 punct (,control
R14184 T16520 T16517 appos control,medium
R14185 T16521 T16520 punct ),control
R14186 T16522 T16520 punct ",",control
R14187 T16523 T16525 nummod 10,dCGN
R14188 T16524 T16525 compound kDa,dCGN
R14189 T16525 T16520 appos dCGN,control
R14190 T16526 T16527 punct (,C10
R14191 T16527 T16525 appos C10,dCGN
R14192 T16528 T16527 punct ),C10
R14193 T16529 T16525 punct ",",dCGN
R14194 T16530 T16525 cc or,dCGN
R14195 T16531 T16533 nummod 40,dCGN
R14196 T16532 T16533 compound kDa,dCGN
R14197 T16533 T16525 conj dCGN,dCGN
R14198 T16534 T16533 punct (,dCGN
R14199 T16535 T16533 appos C40,dCGN
R14200 T16536 T16533 punct ),dCGN
R14201 T16537 T16512 punct .,Histograms
R14202 T16538 T16538 ROOT B,B
R14203 T16539 T16538 punct :,B
R14204 T16540 T16538 appos Percentage,B
R14205 T16541 T16540 prep of,Percentage
R14206 T16542 T16541 pobj cells,of
R14207 T16543 T16540 prep in,Percentage
R14208 T16544 T16545 det each,phase
R14209 T16545 T16543 pobj phase,in
R14210 T16546 T16545 prep of,phase
R14211 T16547 T16549 det the,cycle
R14212 T16548 T16549 compound cell,cycle
R14213 T16549 T16546 pobj cycle,of
R14214 T16550 T16551 advmod when,treated
R14215 T16551 T16540 advcl treated,Percentage
R14216 T16552 T16551 prep with,treated
R14217 T16553 T16552 pobj medium,with
R14218 T16554 T16556 advmod only,control
R14219 T16555 T16556 punct (,control
R14220 T16556 T16553 appos control,medium
R14221 T16557 T16556 punct ),control
R14222 T16558 T16556 punct ",",control
R14223 T16559 T16560 amod different,concentrations
R14224 T16560 T16556 conj concentrations,control
R14225 T16561 T16560 prep of,concentrations
R14226 T16562 T16564 nummod 10,dCGN
R14227 T16563 T16564 compound kDa,dCGN
R14228 T16564 T16561 pobj dCGN,of
R14229 T16565 T16564 punct (,dCGN
R14230 T16566 T16564 appos C10,dCGN
R14231 T16567 T16564 punct ),dCGN
R14232 T16568 T16564 punct ",",dCGN
R14233 T16569 T16564 prep of,dCGN
R14234 T16570 T16572 nummod 40,dCGN
R14235 T16571 T16572 compound kDa,dCGN
R14236 T16572 T16569 pobj dCGN,of
R14237 T16573 T16572 punct (,dCGN
R14238 T16574 T16572 appos C40,dCGN
R14239 T16575 T16572 punct ),dCGN
R14240 T16576 T16564 punct ",",dCGN
R14241 T16577 T16561 cc or,of
R14242 T16578 T16561 conj of,of
R14243 T16579 T16580 amod native,CGN
R14244 T16580 T16578 pobj CGN,of
R14245 T16581 T16580 punct (,CGN
R14246 T16582 T16580 appos Native,CGN
R14247 T16583 T16580 punct ),CGN
R14248 T16584 T16538 punct .,B
R14389 T16792 T16793 amod Degraded,CGN
R14390 T16793 T16794 nsubj CGN,stimulated
R14391 T16794 T16794 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R14392 T16795 T16796 compound ICAM-1,expression
R14393 T16796 T16794 dobj expression,stimulated
R14394 T16797 T16796 prep in,expression
R14395 T16798 T16797 pobj monocytes,in
R14396 T16799 T16794 punct .,stimulated
R14397 T16800 T16802 amod Peripheral,monocytes
R14398 T16801 T16802 compound blood,monocytes
R14399 T16802 T16802 ROOT monocytes,monocytes
R14400 T16803 T16802 punct (,monocytes
R14401 T16804 T16802 appos PBM,monocytes
R14402 T16805 T16804 punct ),PBM
R14403 T16806 T16804 cc or,PBM
R14404 T16807 T16808 nummod THP-1,cells
R14405 T16808 T16810 nsubjpass cells,incubated
R14406 T16809 T16810 auxpass were,incubated
R14407 T16810 T16810 ROOT incubated,incubated
R14408 T16811 T16810 prep in,incubated
R14409 T16812 T16813 det the,presence
R14410 T16813 T16811 pobj presence,in
R14411 T16814 T16813 cc or,presence
R14412 T16815 T16813 conj absence,presence
R14413 T16816 T16815 prep of,absence
R14414 T16817 T16816 pobj carrageenan,of
R14415 T16818 T16810 prep for,incubated
R14416 T16819 T16820 nummod 24,h
R14417 T16820 T16818 pobj h,for
R14418 T16821 T16810 prep before,incubated
R14419 T16822 T16823 auxpass being,stained
R14420 T16823 T16821 pcomp stained,before
R14421 T16824 T16823 prep for,stained
R14422 T16825 T16828 amod various,antigens
R14423 T16826 T16827 compound cell,surface
R14424 T16827 T16828 compound surface,antigens
R14425 T16828 T16824 pobj antigens,for
R14426 T16829 T16810 punct .,incubated
R14427 T16830 T16831 compound Antigen,expression
R14428 T16831 T16834 nsubjpass expression,analyzed
R14429 T16832 T16834 auxpass was,analyzed
R14430 T16833 T16834 advmod then,analyzed
R14431 T16834 T16834 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R14432 T16835 T16834 agent by,analyzed
R14433 T16836 T16837 compound flow,cytometry
R14434 T16837 T16835 pobj cytometry,by
R14435 T16838 T16834 punct .,analyzed
R14436 T16839 T16839 ROOT A,A
R14437 T16840 T16839 punct :,A
R14438 T16841 T16839 appos Histograms,A
R14439 T16842 T16841 prep of,Histograms
R14440 T16843 T16844 compound ICAM-1,expression
R14441 T16844 T16842 pobj expression,of
R14442 T16845 T16841 prep in,Histograms
R14443 T16846 T16845 pobj cells,in
R14444 T16847 T16846 acl treated,cells
R14445 T16848 T16847 prep with,treated
R14446 T16849 T16848 pobj medium,with
R14447 T16850 T16852 advmod only,control
R14448 T16851 T16852 punct (,control
R14449 T16852 T16849 appos control,medium
R14450 T16853 T16852 punct ),control
R14451 T16854 T16852 punct ",",control
R14452 T16855 T16857 nummod 10,dCGN
R14453 T16856 T16857 compound kDa,dCGN
R14454 T16857 T16852 appos dCGN,control
R14455 T16858 T16859 punct (,C10
R14456 T16859 T16857 appos C10,dCGN
R14457 T16860 T16859 punct ),C10
R14458 T16861 T16857 punct ",",dCGN
R14459 T16862 T16857 cc or,dCGN
R14460 T16863 T16865 nummod 40,dCGN
R14461 T16864 T16865 compound kDa,dCGN
R14462 T16865 T16857 conj dCGN,dCGN
R14463 T16866 T16867 punct (,C40
R14464 T16867 T16865 appos C40,dCGN
R14465 T16868 T16865 punct ),dCGN
R14466 T16869 T16839 punct .,A
R14467 T16870 T16870 ROOT B,B
R14468 T16871 T16870 punct :,B
R14469 T16872 T16873 compound Fluorescence,intensity
R14470 T16873 T16870 appos intensity,B
R14471 T16874 T16873 prep for,intensity
R14472 T16875 T16874 pobj expression,for
R14473 T16876 T16875 prep of,expression
R14474 T16877 T16878 det the,antigens
R14475 T16878 T16876 pobj antigens,of
R14476 T16879 T16875 appos HLA-ABC,expression
R14477 T16880 T16879 punct ",",HLA-ABC
R14478 T16881 T16879 conj HLA-DR,HLA-ABC
R14479 T16882 T16881 punct ",",HLA-DR
R14480 T16883 T16881 conj CD14,HLA-DR
R14481 T16884 T16883 punct ",",CD14
R14482 T16885 T16883 conj ICAM-1,CD14
R14483 T16886 T16885 punct ",",ICAM-1
R14484 T16887 T16885 cc and,ICAM-1
R14485 T16888 T16885 conj CD58,ICAM-1
R14486 T16889 T16873 prep in,intensity
R14487 T16890 T16889 pobj cells,in
R14488 T16891 T16890 acl treated,cells
R14489 T16892 T16891 prep with,treated
R14490 T16893 T16892 pobj medium,with
R14491 T16894 T16896 advmod only,control
R14492 T16895 T16896 punct (,control
R14493 T16896 T16893 appos control,medium
R14494 T16897 T16896 punct ),control
R14495 T16898 T16896 punct ",",control
R14496 T16899 T16901 nummod 10,dCGN
R14497 T16900 T16901 compound kDa,dCGN
R14498 T16901 T16896 appos dCGN,control
R14499 T16902 T16903 punct (,C10
R14500 T16903 T16901 appos C10,dCGN
R14501 T16904 T16903 punct ),C10
R14502 T16905 T16901 punct ",",dCGN
R14503 T16906 T16901 cc or,dCGN
R14504 T16907 T16909 nummod 40,dCGN
R14505 T16908 T16909 compound kDa,dCGN
R14506 T16909 T16901 conj dCGN,dCGN
R14507 T16910 T16909 punct (,dCGN
R14508 T16911 T16909 appos C40,dCGN
R14509 T16912 T16909 punct ),dCGN
R14510 T16913 T16870 punct .,B
R14511 T16914 T16915 nsubj Data,are
R14512 T16915 T16915 ROOT are,are
R14513 T16916 T16920 amod mean,SEM
R14514 T16917 T16920 nummod +,SEM
R14515 T16918 T16920 nummod /,SEM
R14516 T16919 T16920 compound −,SEM
R14517 T16920 T16915 attr SEM,are
R14518 T16921 T16915 punct .,are
R14667 T17122 T17123 amod Degraded,CGN
R14668 T17123 T17124 nsubj CGN,induced
R14669 T17124 T17124 ROOT induced,induced
R14670 T17125 T17126 compound monocytes,aggregation
R14671 T17126 T17124 dobj aggregation,induced
R14672 T17127 T17124 prep in,induced
R14673 T17128 T17127 pobj vitro,in
R14674 T17129 T17124 punct .,induced
R14675 T17130 T17132 nsubjpass Monocytes,incubated
R14676 T17131 T17132 auxpass were,incubated
R14677 T17132 T17132 ROOT incubated,incubated
R14678 T17133 T17132 prep in,incubated
R14679 T17134 T17135 det the,absence
R14680 T17135 T17133 pobj absence,in
R14681 T17136 T17137 punct (,A
R14682 T17137 T17135 appos A,absence
R14683 T17138 T17137 punct ),A
R14684 T17139 T17135 cc or,absence
R14685 T17140 T17141 det the,presence
R14686 T17141 T17135 conj presence,absence
R14687 T17142 T17141 prep of,presence
R14688 T17143 T17145 quantmod 1,10
R14689 T17144 T17145 quantmod mg/ml,10
R14690 T17145 T17147 nummod 10,dCGN
R14691 T17146 T17147 compound kDa,dCGN
R14692 T17147 T17142 pobj dCGN,of
R14693 T17148 T17149 punct (,B
R14694 T17149 T17147 appos B,dCGN
R14695 T17150 T17147 punct ),dCGN
R14696 T17151 T17141 punct ",",presence
R14697 T17152 T17154 quantmod 1,40
R14698 T17153 T17154 quantmod mg/ml,40
R14699 T17154 T17156 nummod 40,dCGN
R14700 T17155 T17156 compound kDa,dCGN
R14701 T17156 T17141 appos dCGN,presence
R14702 T17157 T17156 punct (,dCGN
R14703 T17158 T17156 appos C,dCGN
R14704 T17159 T17156 punct ),dCGN
R14705 T17160 T17156 punct ",",dCGN
R14706 T17161 T17141 cc or,presence
R14707 T17162 T17164 quantmod 1,40
R14708 T17163 T17164 quantmod mg/ml,40
R14709 T17164 T17166 nummod 40,dCGN
R14710 T17165 T17166 compound kDa,dCGN
R14711 T17166 T17141 conj dCGN,presence
R14712 T17167 T17166 cc plus,dCGN
R14713 T17168 T17169 nummod 2.5,µg
R14714 T17169 T17173 nmod µg,antibody
R14715 T17170 T17173 nmod /,antibody
R14716 T17171 T17173 nmod ml,antibody
R14717 T17172 T17173 amod anti-ICAM-1,antibody
R14718 T17173 T17166 conj antibody,dCGN
R14719 T17174 T17175 punct (,D
R14720 T17175 T17173 appos D,antibody
R14721 T17176 T17173 punct ),antibody
R14722 T17177 T17132 punct .,incubated
R14723 T17178 T17180 nsubjpass Cells,observed
R14724 T17179 T17180 auxpass were,observed
R14725 T17180 T17180 ROOT observed,observed
R14726 T17181 T17180 agent by,observed
R14727 T17182 T17185 nmod phase,microscopy
R14728 T17183 T17185 nmod contrast,microscopy
R14729 T17184 T17185 compound inverse,microscopy
R14730 T17185 T17181 pobj microscopy,by
R14731 T17186 T17180 prep at,observed
R14732 T17187 T17188 nummod 150X,magnification
R14733 T17188 T17186 pobj magnification,at
R14734 T17189 T17180 punct .,observed
R14735 T17190 T17195 nsubj Inserts,show
R14736 T17191 T17190 prep in,Inserts
R14737 T17192 T17191 pobj A,in
R14738 T17193 T17192 cc and,A
R14739 T17194 T17195 nsubj B,show
R14740 T17195 T17195 ROOT show,show
R14741 T17196 T17197 det a,close
R14742 T17197 T17195 dobj close,show
R14743 T17198 T17197 prt up,close
R14744 T17199 T17197 prep of,close
R14745 T17200 T17199 pobj cells,of
R14746 T17201 T17197 prep at,close
R14747 T17202 T17203 compound 300X,magnification
R14748 T17203 T17201 pobj magnification,at
R14749 T17204 T17195 punct .,show
R14750 T17205 T17205 ROOT E,E
R14751 T17206 T17205 punct :,E
R14752 T17207 T17205 appos Number,E
R14753 T17208 T17207 prep of,Number
R14754 T17209 T17210 compound monocyte,aggregates
R14755 T17210 T17208 pobj aggregates,of
R14756 T17211 T17207 prep in,Number
R14757 T17212 T17213 nummod 24,wells
R14758 T17213 T17211 pobj wells,in
R14759 T17214 T17207 conj plate,Number
R14760 T17215 T17214 prep of,plate
R14761 T17216 T17217 compound PBM,cell
R14762 T17217 T17215 pobj cell,of
R14763 T17218 T17205 acl cultured,E
R14764 T17219 T17218 prep with,cultured
R14765 T17220 T17219 pobj nothing,with
R14766 T17221 T17220 punct (,nothing
R14767 T17222 T17220 appos control,nothing
R14768 T17223 T17220 punct ),nothing
R14769 T17224 T17218 punct ",",cultured
R14770 T17225 T17218 prep with,cultured
R14771 T17226 T17227 nummod 10,kDa
R14772 T17227 T17229 compound kDa,CGN
R14773 T17228 T17229 amod degraded,CGN
R14774 T17229 T17225 pobj CGN,with
R14775 T17230 T17229 punct (,CGN
R14776 T17231 T17229 appos C10,CGN
R14777 T17232 T17229 punct ),CGN
R14778 T17233 T17218 punct ",",cultured
R14779 T17234 T17205 cc or,E
R14780 T17235 T17205 conj with,E
R14781 T17236 T17237 nummod 40,kDa
R14782 T17237 T17238 npadvmod kDa,degraded
R14783 T17238 T17239 amod degraded,CGN
R14784 T17239 T17235 pobj CGN,with
R14785 T17240 T17239 punct (,CGN
R14786 T17241 T17239 appos C40,CGN
R14787 T17242 T17239 punct ),CGN
R14788 T17243 T17205 punct .,E
R14789 T17244 T17245 det Some,cultures
R14790 T17245 T17246 nsubj cultures,had
R14791 T17246 T17246 ROOT had,had
R14792 T17247 T17246 advmod also,had
R14793 T17248 T17249 nummod 2.5,µg
R14794 T17249 T17253 nmod µg,antibody
R14795 T17250 T17253 nmod /,antibody
R14796 T17251 T17253 nmod ml,antibody
R14797 T17252 T17253 amod anti-ICAM-1,antibody
R14798 T17253 T17246 dobj antibody,had
R14799 T17254 T17246 punct .,had
R14800 T17255 T17256 nsubj Data,are
R14801 T17256 T17256 ROOT are,are
R14802 T17257 T17261 amod mean,SEM
R14803 T17258 T17261 nummod +,SEM
R14804 T17259 T17260 nummod /,−
R14805 T17260 T17261 compound −,SEM
R14806 T17261 T17256 attr SEM,are
R14807 T17262 T17256 punct .,are
R14866 T17369 T17370 amod Degraded,CGN
R14867 T17370 T17371 nsubj CGN,stimulated
R14868 T17371 T17371 ROOT stimulated,stimulated
R14869 T17372 T17376 poss ICAM-1,expression
R14870 T17373 T17372 cc and,ICAM-1
R14871 T17374 T17372 conj TNF-α,ICAM-1
R14872 T17375 T17376 compound gene,expression
R14873 T17376 T17371 dobj expression,stimulated
R14874 T17377 T17371 prep in,stimulated
R14875 T17378 T17377 pobj monocytes,in
R14876 T17379 T17371 punct .,stimulated
R14877 T17380 T17380 ROOT Representative,Representative
R14878 T17381 T17380 dobj samples,Representative
R14879 T17382 T17381 prep of,samples
R14880 T17383 T17384 amod RT-PCR,analysis
R14881 T17384 T17382 pobj analysis,of
R14882 T17385 T17384 acl showing,analysis
R14883 T17386 T17385 prep over,showing
R14884 T17387 T17386 pobj expression,over
R14885 T17388 T17387 prep of,expression
R14886 T17389 T17388 pobj ICAM-1,of
R14887 T17390 T17389 cc and,ICAM-1
R14888 T17391 T17389 conj TNF-α,ICAM-1
R14889 T17392 T17385 prep after,showing
R14890 T17393 T17392 pobj stimulation,after
R14891 T17394 T17393 prep of,stimulation
R14892 T17395 T17394 pobj monocytes,of
R14893 T17396 T17380 prep with,Representative
R14894 T17397 T17398 nummod 1,g/l
R14895 T17398 T17396 pobj g/l,with
R14896 T17399 T17398 prep of,g/l
R14897 T17400 T17401 amod degraded,CGN
R14898 T17401 T17399 pobj CGN,of
R14899 T17402 T17380 punct .,Representative
R14900 T17403 T17404 amod β-actin,expression
R14901 T17404 T17406 nsubjpass expression,used
R14902 T17405 T17406 auxpass was,used
R14903 T17406 T17406 ROOT used,used
R14904 T17407 T17406 prep as,used
R14905 T17408 T17409 compound normalization,gene
R14906 T17409 T17407 pobj gene,as
R14907 T17410 T17406 punct .,used
R15238 T17838 T17839 amod Degraded,CGN
R15239 T17839 T17840 nsubj CGN,activated
R15240 T17840 T17840 ROOT activated,activated
R15241 T17841 T17843 det the,pathway
R15242 T17842 T17843 amod NF-kB,pathway
R15243 T17843 T17840 dobj pathway,activated
R15244 T17844 T17843 prep in,pathway
R15245 T17845 T17844 pobj monocytes,in
R15246 T17846 T17840 punct .,activated
R15247 T17847 T17847 ROOT A,A
R15248 T17848 T17847 punct :,A
R15249 T17849 T17850 nummod THP-1,cells
R15250 T17850 T17852 nsubjpass cells,transfected
R15251 T17851 T17852 auxpass were,transfected
R15252 T17852 T17852 ROOT transfected,transfected
R15253 T17853 T17852 prep with,transfected
R15254 T17854 T17856 det a,reporter
R15255 T17855 T17856 amod NF-κB,reporter
R15256 T17856 T17858 nsubj reporter,driving
R15257 T17857 T17858 npadvmod plasmid,driving
R15258 T17858 T17859 amod driving,expression
R15259 T17859 T17853 pobj expression,with
R15260 T17860 T17859 prep of,expression
R15261 T17861 T17860 pobj luciferase,of
R15262 T17862 T17852 punct .,transfected
R15263 T17863 T17866 nsubjpass Cells,treated
R15264 T17864 T17866 auxpass were,treated
R15265 T17865 T17866 advmod then,treated
R15266 T17866 T17866 ROOT treated,treated
R15267 T17867 T17866 prep with,treated
R15268 T17868 T17869 amod various,concentrations
R15269 T17869 T17867 pobj concentrations,with
R15270 T17870 T17869 prep of,concentrations
R15271 T17871 T17872 nummod 10,kDa
R15272 T17872 T17870 pobj kDa,of
R15273 T17873 T17874 punct (,triangles
R15274 T17874 T17872 appos triangles,kDa
R15275 T17875 T17872 punct ),kDa
R15276 T17876 T17869 punct ",",concentrations
R15277 T17877 T17869 cc or,concentrations
R15278 T17878 T17880 nummod 40,dCGN
R15279 T17879 T17880 compound kDa,dCGN
R15280 T17880 T17869 conj dCGN,concentrations
R15281 T17881 T17882 punct (,squares
R15282 T17882 T17880 parataxis squares,dCGN
R15283 T17883 T17882 punct ),squares
R15284 T17884 T17866 punct .,treated
R15285 T17885 T17913 nsubjpass B,lysed
R15286 T17886 T17885 punct :,B
R15287 T17887 T17888 nummod THP-1,cells
R15288 T17888 T17885 appos cells,B
R15289 T17889 T17888 acl treated,cells
R15290 T17890 T17889 prep with,treated
R15291 T17891 T17892 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15292 T17892 T17890 pobj mg/ml,with
R15293 T17893 T17892 prep of,mg/ml
R15294 T17894 T17896 nummod 10,dCGN
R15295 T17895 T17896 compound kDa,dCGN
R15296 T17896 T17893 pobj dCGN,of
R15297 T17897 T17898 punct (,C10
R15298 T17898 T17896 appos C10,dCGN
R15299 T17899 T17898 punct ),C10
R15300 T17900 T17896 punct ",",dCGN
R15301 T17901 T17890 cc or,with
R15302 T17902 T17890 conj with,with
R15303 T17903 T17904 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15304 T17904 T17902 pobj mg/ml,with
R15305 T17905 T17904 prep of,mg/ml
R15306 T17906 T17908 nummod 40,dCGN
R15307 T17907 T17908 compound kDa,dCGN
R15308 T17908 T17905 pobj dCGN,of
R15309 T17909 T17908 punct (,dCGN
R15310 T17910 T17908 appos C40,dCGN
R15311 T17911 T17908 punct ),dCGN
R15312 T17912 T17913 auxpass were,lysed
R15313 T17913 T17913 ROOT lysed,lysed
R15314 T17914 T17913 prep after,lysed
R15315 T17915 T17916 amod various,periods
R15316 T17916 T17914 pobj periods,after
R15317 T17917 T17916 prep of,periods
R15318 T17918 T17917 pobj time,of
R15319 T17919 T17913 punct .,lysed
R15320 T17920 T17925 nsubjpass Proteins,resolved
R15321 T17921 T17920 prep in,Proteins
R15322 T17922 T17923 compound cell,extracts
R15323 T17923 T17921 pobj extracts,in
R15324 T17924 T17925 auxpass were,resolved
R15325 T17925 T17925 ROOT resolved,resolved
R15326 T17926 T17925 agent by,resolved
R15327 T17927 T17926 pobj SDS-PAGE,by
R15328 T17928 T17925 cc and,resolved
R15329 T17929 T17931 advmod then,blotted
R15330 T17930 T17931 amod Western,blotted
R15331 T17931 T17925 conj blotted,resolved
R15332 T17932 T17931 prep for,blotted
R15333 T17933 T17932 pobj IκBα,for
R15334 T17934 T17931 cc or,blotted
R15335 T17935 T17931 conj α,blotted
R15336 T17936 T17937 compound −,tubulin
R15337 T17937 T17935 dobj tubulin,α
R15338 T17938 T17937 prep as,tubulin
R15339 T17939 T17938 pcomp loading,as
R15340 T17940 T17939 dobj control,loading
R15341 T17941 T17925 punct .,resolved
R15342 T17942 T17949 nsubj C,induced
R15343 T17943 T17942 punct :,C
R15344 T17944 T17945 amod Degraded,carrageenans
R15345 T17945 T17942 appos carrageenans,C
R15346 T17946 T17945 punct (,carrageenans
R15347 T17947 T17945 appos dCGN,carrageenans
R15348 T17948 T17945 punct ),carrageenans
R15349 T17949 T17949 ROOT induced,induced
R15350 T17950 T17949 dobj activation,induced
R15351 T17951 T17950 prep of,activation
R15352 T17952 T17951 pobj NF-κB,of
R15353 T17953 T17949 punct .,induced
R15354 T17954 T17955 nummod THP-1,cells
R15355 T17955 T17957 nsubjpass cells,treated
R15356 T17956 T17957 auxpass were,treated
R15357 T17957 T17957 ROOT treated,treated
R15358 T17958 T17957 prep with,treated
R15359 T17959 T17958 pobj nothing,with
R15360 T17960 T17959 punct (,nothing
R15361 T17961 T17959 appos control,nothing
R15362 T17962 T17959 punct ),nothing
R15363 T17963 T17958 punct ",",with
R15364 T17964 T17958 cc or,with
R15365 T17965 T17958 conj with,with
R15366 T17966 T17967 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15367 T17967 T17965 pobj mg/ml,with
R15368 T17968 T17967 prep of,mg/ml
R15369 T17969 T17971 nummod 10,dCGN
R15370 T17970 T17971 compound kDa,dCGN
R15371 T17971 T17968 pobj dCGN,of
R15372 T17972 T17973 punct (,C10
R15373 T17973 T17971 appos C10,dCGN
R15374 T17974 T17971 punct ),dCGN
R15375 T17975 T17967 punct ",",mg/ml
R15376 T17976 T17965 cc or,with
R15377 T17977 T17965 conj with,with
R15378 T17978 T17979 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15379 T17979 T17977 pobj mg/ml,with
R15380 T17980 T17979 prep of,mg/ml
R15381 T17981 T17983 nummod 40,dCGN
R15382 T17982 T17983 compound kDa,dCGN
R15383 T17983 T17980 pobj dCGN,of
R15384 T17984 T17983 punct (,dCGN
R15385 T17985 T17983 appos C40,dCGN
R15386 T17986 T17983 punct ),dCGN
R15387 T17987 T17979 prep for,mg/ml
R15388 T17988 T17989 nummod 30,minutes
R15389 T17989 T17987 pobj minutes,for
R15390 T17990 T17989 prep at,minutes
R15391 T17991 T17992 nummod 37,°
R15392 T17992 T17994 nummod °,Nuclei
R15393 T17993 T17994 compound C.,Nuclei
R15394 T17994 T17990 pobj Nuclei,at
R15395 T17995 T17957 auxpass were,treated
R15396 T17996 T17995 acomp isolated,were
R15397 T17997 T17996 cc and,isolated
R15398 T17998 T17996 conj lysed,isolated
R15399 T17999 T17957 punct .,treated
R15400 T18000 T18005 nsubjpass Proteins,resolved
R15401 T18001 T18000 prep in,Proteins
R15402 T18002 T18003 amod nuclear,extracts
R15403 T18003 T18001 pobj extracts,in
R15404 T18004 T18005 auxpass were,resolved
R15405 T18005 T18005 ROOT resolved,resolved
R15406 T18006 T18005 agent by,resolved
R15407 T18007 T18006 pobj SDS-PAGE,by
R15408 T18008 T18005 cc and,resolved
R15409 T18009 T18011 advmod then,blotted
R15410 T18010 T18011 amod Western,blotted
R15411 T18011 T18005 conj blotted,resolved
R15412 T18012 T18011 prep for,blotted
R15413 T18013 T18015 nmod NF-κB,subunit
R15414 T18014 T18015 nummod p50,subunit
R15415 T18015 T18012 pobj subunit,for
R15416 T18016 T18015 punct (,subunit
R15417 T18017 T18015 appos p50,subunit
R15418 T18018 T18017 punct ),p50
R15419 T18019 T18015 cc or,subunit
R15420 T18020 T18022 nmod NF-κB,subunit
R15421 T18021 T18020 nummod p65,NF-κB
R15422 T18022 T18015 conj subunit,subunit
R15423 T18023 T18024 punct (,p65
R15424 T18024 T18022 appos p65,subunit
R15425 T18025 T18011 punct ),blotted
R15426 T18026 T18005 punct .,resolved
R15427 T18027 T18028 amod Lower,panels
R15428 T18028 T18029 nsubj panels,show
R15429 T18029 T18029 ROOT show,show
R15430 T18030 T18031 amod Western,blots
R15431 T18031 T18029 dobj blots,show
R15432 T18032 T18031 prep of,blots
R15433 T18033 T18034 amod nuclear,ERK
R15434 T18034 T18035 nsubj ERK,revealing
R15435 T18035 T18032 pcomp revealing,of
R15436 T18036 T18037 amod equivalent,amount
R15437 T18037 T18035 dobj amount,revealing
R15438 T18038 T18037 prep of,amount
R15439 T18039 T18038 pobj protein,of
R15440 T18040 T18035 prep in,revealing
R15441 T18041 T18042 det each,sample
R15442 T18042 T18040 pobj sample,in
R15443 T18043 T18029 punct .,show
R15444 T18044 T18045 nsubj Data,are
R15445 T18045 T18045 ROOT are,are
R15446 T18046 T18045 attr representative,are
R15447 T18047 T18046 prep of,representative
R15448 T18048 T18050 nummod three,experiments
R15449 T18049 T18050 amod separate,experiments
R15450 T18050 T18047 pobj experiments,of
R15451 T18051 T18045 punct .,are
R15452 T18052 T18059 nsubj D,induced
R15453 T18053 T18052 punct :,D
R15454 T18054 T18055 amod Degraded,carrageenan
R15455 T18055 T18052 appos carrageenan,D
R15456 T18056 T18057 punct (,dCGN
R15457 T18057 T18055 appos dCGN,carrageenan
R15458 T18058 T18055 punct ),carrageenan
R15459 T18059 T18059 ROOT induced,induced
R15460 T18060 T18059 dobj activation,induced
R15461 T18061 T18060 prep of,activation
R15462 T18062 T18061 pobj NF-κB,of
R15463 T18063 T18059 punct .,induced
R15466 T18066 T18065 prep from,isolated
R15467 T18067 T18068 nummod THP-1,cells
R15468 T18068 T18066 pobj cells,from
R15469 T18069 T18065 conj were,isolated
R15470 T18070 T18069 acomp fluorescence-stained,were
R15471 T18071 T18070 prep for,fluorescence-stained
R15472 T18072 T18074 nmod NF-κB,subunit
R15473 T18073 T18074 nummod p50,subunit
R15474 T18074 T18071 pobj subunit,for
R15475 T18075 T18074 cc or,subunit
R15476 T18076 T18077 compound NF-κB,p65
R15477 T18077 T18078 compound p65,subunit
R15478 T18078 T18074 conj subunit,subunit
R15479 T18079 T18078 prep before,subunit
R15480 T18080 T18081 punct (,filled
R15481 T18081 T18082 amod filled,area
R15482 T18082 T18079 pobj area,before
R15483 T18083 T18078 punct ),subunit
R15484 T18084 T18070 cc or,fluorescence-stained
R15485 T18085 T18088 mark after,treated
R15486 T18086 T18088 nsubjpass cells,treated
R15487 T18087 T18088 auxpass were,treated
R15488 T18088 T18069 advcl treated,were
R15489 T18089 T18088 prep with,treated
R15490 T18090 T18091 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15491 T18091 T18089 pobj mg/ml,with
R15492 T18092 T18091 prep of,mg/ml
R15493 T18093 T18095 nummod 10,dCGN
R15494 T18094 T18095 compound kDa,dCGN
R15495 T18095 T18092 pobj dCGN,of
R15496 T18096 T18097 punct (,C10
R15497 T18097 T18095 appos C10,dCGN
R15498 T18098 T18097 punct ),C10
R15499 T18099 T18095 punct ",",dCGN
R15500 T18100 T18089 cc or,with
R15501 T18101 T18089 conj with,with
R15502 T18102 T18103 nummod 1,mg/ml
R15503 T18103 T18101 pobj mg/ml,with
R15504 T18104 T18103 prep of,mg/ml
R15505 T18105 T18107 nummod 40,dCGN
R15506 T18106 T18107 compound kDa,dCGN
R15507 T18107 T18104 pobj dCGN,of
R15508 T18108 T18107 punct (,dCGN
R15509 T18109 T18107 appos C40,dCGN
R15510 T18110 T18107 punct ),dCGN
R15511 T18111 T18103 prep for,mg/ml
R15512 T18112 T18113 nummod 30,minutes
R15513 T18113 T18111 pobj minutes,for
R15514 T18114 T18113 prep at,minutes
R15515 T18115 T18116 nummod 37,°
R15516 T18116 T18120 nummod °,corresponds
R15517 T18117 T18118 compound C.,Dashed
R15518 T18118 T18119 compound Dashed,line
R15519 T18119 T18120 nsubj line,corresponds
R15520 T18120 T18120 ROOT corresponds,corresponds
R15521 T18121 T18123 aux to,stained
R15522 T18122 T18123 nsubj nuclei,stained
R15523 T18123 T18120 xcomp stained,corresponds
R15524 T18124 T18125 advmod only,with
R15525 T18125 T18123 prep with,stained
R15526 T18126 T18128 amod secondary,antibody
R15527 T18127 T18128 compound fluorescence,antibody
R15528 T18128 T18125 pobj antibody,with
R15529 T18129 T18065 punct .,isolated
R15530 T18130 T18131 compound Fluorescence,intensity
R15531 T18131 T18133 nsubjpass intensity,analyzed
R15532 T18132 T18133 auxpass was,analyzed
R15533 T18133 T18133 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R15534 T18134 T18133 agent by,analyzed
R15535 T18135 T18136 compound flow,cytometry
R15536 T18136 T18134 pobj cytometry,by
R15537 T18137 T18138 mark as,described
R15538 T18138 T18133 advcl described,analyzed
R15539 T18139 T18133 punct .,analyzed
R11432 T13283 T13282 pobj infiltration,with
R11433 T13284 T13283 cc and,infiltration
R11434 T13285 T13283 conj activation,infiltration
R11435 T13286 T13283 prep of,infiltration
R11436 T13287 T13288 amod intestinal,macrophages
R11437 T13288 T13286 pobj macrophages,of
R11438 T13289 T13291 nmod [,]
R11439 T13290 T13291 nummod 17,]
R11423 T13274 T13281 nsubjpass Inflammation,associated
R11424 T13275 T13274 prep of,Inflammation
R11425 T13276 T13278 det the,tract
R11426 T13277 T13278 amod intestinal,tract
R11427 T13278 T13275 pobj tract,of
R11428 T13279 T13281 auxpass is,associated
R11429 T13280 T13281 advmod usually,associated
R11430 T13281 T13281 ROOT associated,associated
R11431 T13282 T13281 prep with,associated
R11464 T13315 T13313 dobj inflammation,inhibit
R11465 T13316 T13304 punct .,induced
R11466 T13317 T13340 nsubj Accumulation,followed
R11467 T13318 T13317 prep of,Accumulation
R11468 T13319 T13320 amod different,types
R11469 T13320 T13318 pobj types,of
R11470 T13321 T13320 prep of,types
R11471 T13322 T13321 pobj leukocytes,of
R11472 T13323 T13322 punct ",",leukocytes
R11473 T13324 T13320 prep including,types
R11474 T13325 T13324 pobj monocytes/macrophages,including
R11475 T13326 T13325 punct ",",monocytes/macrophages
R11476 T13327 T13325 conj neutrophils,monocytes/macrophages
R11477 T13328 T13327 punct ",",neutrophils
R11478 T13329 T13327 cc and,neutrophils
R11479 T13330 T13327 conj lymphocytes,neutrophils
R11480 T13331 T13325 prep in,monocytes/macrophages
R11481 T13332 T13334 det the,mucosa
R11486 T13337 T13340 punct ",",followed
R11487 T13338 T13340 auxpass is,followed
R11488 T13339 T13340 advmod normally,followed
R11489 T13340 T13340 ROOT followed,followed
R11490 T13341 T13340 agent by,followed
R11491 T13342 T13341 pobj secretion,by
R11492 T13343 T13342 prep of,secretion
R11493 T13344 T13345 amod pro-inflammatory,cytokines
R11494 T13345 T13343 pobj cytokines,of
R11495 T13346 T13348 nmod [,]
R11496 T13347 T13348 nummod 33,]
R11497 T13348 T13342 appos ],secretion
R11498 T13349 T13340 punct .,followed
R11499 T13350 T13351 amod Several,stimuli
R11500 T13351 T13353 nsubj stimuli,induce
R11501 T13352 T13353 aux can,induce
R11692 T13618 T13618 ROOT analyzed,analyzed
R11955 T13785 T13786 advmod very,few
R11957 T13786 T13788 amod few,cells
R12333 T14205 T14204 pobj dCGN,for
R12335 T14206 T14203 prep than,site
R12336 T14207 T14206 prep for,than
R12337 T14208 T14207 pobj LPS,for
R12340 T14209 T14199 punct ",",have
R12342 T14210 T14199 advmod however,have
R12343 T14211 T14214 punct ",",remains
R12345 T14212 T14213 det this,hypothesis
R12716 T14573 T14566 punct ",",reported
R12718 T14574 T14566 advcl arresting,reported
R12719 T14575 T14576 compound cell,proliferation
R12721 T14576 T14574 dobj proliferation,arresting
R12722 T14577 T14579 nmod [,]
R12723 T14578 T14579 nummod 49,]
R12724 T14579 T14576 appos ],proliferation
R12725 T14580 T14566 punct .,reported
R12727 T14581 T14582 amod Such,relationship
R12728 T14582 T14592 nsubjpass relationship,reported
R12729 T14583 T14582 prep between,relationship
R12731 T14584 T14585 compound NF-kB,activation
R12732 T14585 T14583 pobj activation,between
R12734 T14586 T14585 cc and,activation
R12735 T14587 T14588 compound cell,cycle
R12738 T14588 T14585 conj cycle,activation
R12739 T14589 T14585 conj regulation,activation
R13806 T16097 T16096 agent by,induced
R276 T347 T332 conj is,Induces
R15464 T18064 T18065 nsubj Nuclei,isolated
R15465 T18065 T18065 ROOT isolated,isolated
R1474 T1663 T1664 amod common,characteristic
R1475 T1664 T1661 attr characteristic,is
R1476 T1665 T1664 prep of,characteristic
R1477 T1666 T1667 amod intestinal,diseases
R1478 T1667 T1665 pobj diseases,of
R1479 T1668 T1670 nmod [,]
R1480 T1669 T1670 nummod 17,]
R1481 T1670 T1664 appos ],characteristic
R1482 T1671 T1661 punct .,is
R1483 T1672 T1673 nsubj Macrophages,represent
R1484 T1673 T1673 ROOT represent,represent
R1485 T1674 T1675 nummod 10,%
R1486 T1675 T1673 dobj %,represent
R1487 T1676 T1675 prep of,%
R2153 T2437 T2421 conj medium,preparations
R2154 T2438 T2437 punct ",",medium
R2155 T2439 T2437 punct (,medium
R2156 T2440 T2437 appos ∼,medium
R2157 T2441 T2442 nummod 40,kDa
R2158 T2442 T2440 appos kDa,∼
R2159 T2443 T2437 punct ;,medium
R2160 T2444 T2421 appos C40,preparations
R2161 T2445 T2421 punct ),preparations
R2162 T2446 T2447 amod molecular,weight
R2163 T2447 T2416 conj weight,Preparation
R2164 T2448 T2449 auxpass were,prepared
R2165 T2449 T2449 ROOT prepared,prepared
R2166 T2450 T2449 prep from,prepared
R2167 T2451 T2452 amod native,iota-carrageenan
R2168 T2452 T2450 pobj iota-carrageenan,from
R2169 T2453 T2452 acl extracted,iota-carrageenan
R2170 T2454 T2453 prep from,extracted
R2171 T2455 T2456 compound Euchema,spinosum
R2172 T2456 T2454 pobj spinosum,from
R2173 T2457 T2459 punct (,provided
R2174 T2458 T2459 advmod generously,provided
R2175 T2459 T2452 acl provided,iota-carrageenan
R2176 T2460 T2459 agent by,provided
R2177 T2461 T2463 compound Sanofi,Industry
R2178 T2462 T2463 compound Biosystems,Industry
R2179 T2463 T2460 pobj Industry,by
R2205 T2489 T2487 pobj °,to
R2206 T2490 T2491 compound C.,Then
R2207 T2491 T2497 advmod Then,submitted
R2208 T2492 T2497 punct ",",submitted
R2209 T2493 T2495 det the,solution
R2210 T2494 T2495 compound carrageenan,solution
R2211 T2495 T2497 nsubjpass solution,submitted
R2212 T2496 T2497 auxpass was,submitted
R2213 T2497 T2497 ROOT submitted,submitted
R2214 T2498 T2497 prep to,submitted
R2215 T2499 T2501 nummod two,treatments
R2216 T2500 T2501 amod different,treatments
R2217 T2501 T2498 pobj treatments,to
R2218 T2502 T2503 aux to,obtain
R2219 T2503 T2497 xcomp obtain,submitted
R2220 T2504 T2505 advmod both,low
R2221 T2505 T2510 amod low,fractions
R2222 T2506 T2505 cc and,low
R2223 T2507 T2505 conj medium,low
R2224 T2508 T2509 amod molecular,weight
R2225 T2509 T2510 compound weight,fractions
R2226 T2510 T2503 dobj fractions,obtain
R2227 T2511 T2497 punct .,submitted
R2228 T2512 T2524 advmod Briefly,hydrolyzed
R2229 T2513 T2524 punct ",",hydrolyzed
R2230 T2514 T2524 prep for,hydrolyzed
R2231 T2515 T2519 det the,fraction
R2493 T2777 T2779 det the,fractions
R2494 T2778 T2779 nummod two,fractions
R2495 T2779 T2781 nsubjpass fractions,dissolved
R2496 T2780 T2781 auxpass were,dissolved
R2497 T2781 T2781 ROOT dissolved,dissolved
R2498 T2782 T2781 prep in,dissolved
R2499 T2783 T2784 amod complete,medium
R2500 T2784 T2782 pobj medium,in
R2501 T2785 T2781 prep during,dissolved
R2502 T2786 T2787 nummod 30,min
R2503 T2787 T2785 pobj min,during
R2504 T2788 T2787 prep at,min
R2505 T2789 T2790 nummod 56,°
R2506 T2790 T2791 nummod °,C.
R2507 T2791 T2788 pobj C.,at
R2633 T2945 T2960 nsubjpass Animals,housed
R2634 T2946 T2945 punct ",",Animals
R2635 T2947 T2952 nmod Chemicals,rats
R2636 T2948 T2947 cc and,Chemicals
R2637 T2949 T2947 conj Diet,Chemicals
R2638 T2950 T2951 compound Male,Wistar
R2639 T2951 T2947 conj Wistar,Chemicals
R2640 T2952 T2945 appos rats,Animals
R2641 T2953 T2952 punct (,rats
R2642 T2954 T2957 nummod 150,weight
R2643 T2955 T2957 amod g,weight
R2644 T2956 T2957 amod average,weight
R2645 T2957 T2952 appos weight,rats
R2646 T2958 T2952 punct ),rats
R2668 T2980 T2981 compound drinking,water
R2670 T2982 T2985 punct (,w/v
R2671 T2983 T2984 nummod 5,%
R2672 T2984 T2985 compound %,w/v
R2673 T2985 T2977 parataxis w/v,administered
R2674 T2986 T2985 punct ),w/v
R2675 T2987 T2977 prep for,administered
R2676 T2988 T2989 nummod 55,days
R2677 T2989 T2987 pobj days,for
R2678 T2990 T2989 prep to,days
R2679 T2991 T2992 nummod 2,groups
R2680 T2992 T2990 pobj groups,to
R2681 T2993 T2992 prep of,groups
R2682 T2994 T2995 nummod six,animals
R2683 T2995 T2993 pobj animals,of
R2684 T2996 T2992 npadvmod each,groups
R2685 T2997 T2977 punct .,administered
R2686 T2998 T3000 det The,group
R2687 T2999 T3000 amod first,group
R2688 T3000 T3001 nsubj group,received
R2689 T3001 T3001 ROOT received,received
R2690 T3002 T3006 det the,carrageenan
R2691 T3003 T3005 amod low,weight
R2692 T3004 T3005 amod molecular,weight
R2693 T3005 T3006 compound weight,carrageenan
R2694 T3006 T3001 dobj carrageenan,received
R2695 T3007 T3006 punct (,carrageenan
R2696 T3008 T3010 nummod 10,dCGN
R2697 T3009 T3010 compound kDa,dCGN
R2698 T3010 T3006 appos dCGN,carrageenan
R2699 T3011 T3010 punct ),dCGN
R2700 T3012 T3006 cc and,carrageenan
R2701 T3013 T3014 det the,second
R2702 T3014 T3015 nsubj second,received
R2703 T3015 T3001 conj received,received
R2704 T3016 T3020 det the,carrageenan
R2705 T3017 T3019 nmod medium,weight
R2706 T3018 T3019 amod molecular,weight
R2707 T3019 T3020 compound weight,carrageenan
R2708 T3020 T3015 dobj carrageenan,received
R2709 T3021 T3020 punct (,carrageenan
R2710 T3022 T3024 nummod 40,dCGN
R2711 T3023 T3024 compound kDa,dCGN
R2712 T3024 T3020 appos dCGN,carrageenan
R2713 T3025 T3024 punct ),dCGN
R2714 T3026 T3015 punct .,received
R2715 T3027 T3029 det An,group
R2716 T3028 T3029 amod additional,group
R2717 T3029 T3034 nsubjpass group,maintained
R2718 T3030 T3029 prep of,group
R2719 T3031 T3032 nummod four,rats
R2720 T3032 T3030 pobj rats,of
R2721 T3033 T3034 auxpass were,maintained
R2722 T3034 T3034 ROOT maintained,maintained
R2723 T3035 T3034 prep on,maintained
R2724 T3036 T3038 amod regular,water
R2725 T3037 T3038 compound tap,water
R2726 T3038 T3035 pobj water,on
R2727 T3039 T3041 punct (,group
R2728 T3040 T3041 compound control,group
R2729 T3041 T3038 appos group,water
R3147 T3503 T3507 nsubjpass segment,opened
R3148 T3504 T3503 prep of,segment
R3149 T3505 T3504 pobj colon,of
R3150 T3506 T3507 auxpass was,opened
R3151 T3507 T3507 ROOT opened,opened
R3152 T3508 T3507 advmod longitudinally,opened
R3153 T3509 T3508 cc and,longitudinally
R3154 T3510 T3508 conj macroscopic,longitudinally
R3155 T3511 T3510 cc and,macroscopic
R3156 T3512 T3510 conj histological,macroscopic
R3157 T3513 T3517 nsubjpass scores,recorded
R3158 T3514 T3513 prep of,scores
R3159 T3515 T3514 pobj inflammation,of
R3160 T3516 T3517 auxpass were,recorded
R3225 T3581 T3580 prep of,level
R3226 T3582 T3581 pobj MPO,of
R3227 T3583 T3580 punct ",",level
R3228 T3584 T3585 advmod mainly,expressed
R3229 T3585 T3580 acl expressed,level
R3230 T3586 T3585 agent by,expressed
R3231 T3587 T3586 pobj neutrophils,by
R3232 T3588 T3589 punct ",",indicates
R3233 T3589 T3589 ROOT indicates,indicates
R3940 T4386 T4389 compound Analysis,Monocytes
R3941 T4387 T4388 compound Peripheral,Blood
R3942 T4388 T4389 compound Blood,Monocytes
R3943 T4389 T4394 nsubjpass Monocytes,exposed
R3944 T4390 T4389 cc or,Monocytes
R3945 T4391 T4392 nummod THP-1,cells
R3946 T4392 T4389 conj cells,Monocytes
R3947 T4393 T4394 auxpass were,exposed
R3948 T4394 T4394 ROOT exposed,exposed
R3949 T4395 T4396 aux to,complete
R3950 T4396 T4394 xcomp complete,exposed
R3951 T4397 T4396 dobj medium,complete
R3952 T4398 T4396 prep in,complete
R4625 T5162 T5163 compound CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3,′
R4626 T5163 T5156 conj ′,′
R4627 T5164 T5143 punct .,amplified
R4628 T5165 T5169 nsubjpass cDNA,amplified
R4629 T5166 T5169 prep for,amplified
R4630 T5167 T5166 pobj ICAM-1,for
R4631 T5168 T5169 auxpass was,amplified
R4632 T5169 T5169 ROOT amplified,amplified
R4633 T5170 T5169 prep for,amplified
R4634 T5171 T5172 nummod 35,cycles
R4635 T5172 T5170 pobj cycles,for
R4636 T5173 T5169 advcl using,amplified
R9466 T10877 T10878 compound dCGN,treatment
R9467 T10878 T10876 pobj treatment,of
R9468 T10879 T10881 punct (,7B
R9469 T10880 T10881 compound Fig.,7B
R9470 T10881 T10878 appos 7B,treatment
R9471 T10882 T10881 punct ),7B
R9472 T10883 T10860 punct .,detected
R9473 T10884 T10885 nsubj We,focused
R9474 T10885 T10901 ccomp focused,is
R9475 T10886 T10885 prep on,focused
R9476 T10887 T10888 compound IκBα,subunit
R9477 T10888 T10886 pobj subunit,on
R9478 T10889 T10885 punct ",",focused
R9479 T10890 T10892 mark since,masks
R9480 T10891 T10892 nsubj it,masks
R9481 T10892 T10901 advcl masks,is

UBERON-AE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T50 317-327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T51 475-480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T52 692-697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T731 2488-2498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T732 2562-2572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T733 2798-2808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T734 3075-3085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T735 2596-2607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000106 denotes extensively
T736 2798-2819 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001277 denotes intestinal epithelial
T737 3136-3142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000957 denotes lamina
T738 3136-3150 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000030 denotes lamina propria
T739 3959-3964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes Blood
T740 4483-4488 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T3100 7439-7442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000970 denotes eye
T3101 7582-7587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T3102 7650-7655 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T3103 8045-8050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T3104 8342-8347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T3105 7739-7749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T3665 8679-8685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 denotes tissue
T3666 8946-8951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T3667 9001-9006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T4232 10206-10211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes Blood
T4233 10436-10441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 denotes serum
T4578 11171-11177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 denotes tissue
T5473 14973-14977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913 denotes milk
T6603 15786-15793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes Colonic
T6604 16642-16647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T6605 16936-16941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T6606 15900-15905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T6607 16528-16538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 denotes epithelium
T6608 16739-16749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 denotes epithelium
T6609 16936-16948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000317 denotes colon mucosa
T6610 16942-16948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T7225 17853-17858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T11445 29521-29531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11446 29596-29606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11447 29896-29906 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11448 31120-31130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11449 31548-31558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11450 32174-32184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11451 32383-32393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11452 37708-37718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11453 37806-37816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T11454 31452-31461 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestine
T11455 29896-29913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242 denotes intestinal mucosa
T11456 31548-31565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242 denotes intestinal mucosa
T11457 32174-32191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242 denotes intestinal mucosa
T11458 29907-29913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T11459 31559-31565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T11460 32185-32191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T11461 32299-32305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T11462 31446-31461 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000059 denotes large intestine
T11463 31992-31999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonic
T11464 34328-34335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonic
T11465 36402-36409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonic
T11466 32394-32400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 denotes tissue
T11467 38034-38055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001277 denotes intestinal epithelial
T15563 17252-17257 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T15564 17330-17335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T15565 17407-17412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T15566 17642-17647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T15841 19607-19612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T16641 23021-23026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T3106 7854-7864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T3107 8275-8285 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T3108 8544-8554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T3109 8275-8292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242 denotes intestinal mucosa
T3110 8544-8561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001242 denotes intestinal mucosa
T3111 8286-8292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa
T3112 8555-8561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344 denotes mucosa

sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T71 0-128 Sentence denotes Degraded Carrageenan Causing Colitis in Rats Induces TNF Secretion and ICAM-1 Upregulation in Monocytes through NF-κB Activation
T72 129-267 Sentence denotes Carrageenan Activates Monocyte Abstract Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide derived from red seaweeds.
T73 268-395 Sentence denotes In rodents, its degraded forms (dCGN) can induce intestinal inflammation associated with macrophage recruitment and activation.
T74 396-422 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was:
T75 423-680 Sentence denotes 1) to analyze the size-dependent effects of dCGN on colon inflammation in vivo, and 2) to correlate these effects with monocyte/macrophage proliferation, cytokine production and expression of various cell surface antigens including ICAM-1 adhesion molecule.
T76 681-799 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and THP-1 monocytic cells were cultured in the presence of either 10 or 40 kDa, dCGN.
T77 800-864 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa, but not the 10 kDa dCGN, induced colitis in in vivo.
T78 865-955 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase.
T79 956-1082 Sentence denotes In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure.
T80 1083-1194 Sentence denotes Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody.
T81 1195-1279 Sentence denotes Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells.
T82 1280-1330 Sentence denotes All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation.
T83 1331-1473 Sentence denotes These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype.
T753 1488-1607 Sentence denotes Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae).
T754 1608-1678 Sentence denotes Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda.
T755 1679-1752 Sentence denotes They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2].
T756 1753-1847 Sentence denotes Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture.
T757 1848-1897 Sentence denotes It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
T758 1898-2062 Sentence denotes However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN).
T759 2063-2214 Sentence denotes These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5].
T760 2215-2295 Sentence denotes The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8].
T761 2296-2519 Sentence denotes Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12].
T762 2520-2695 Sentence denotes Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines.
T763 2696-2891 Sentence denotes Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14].
T764 2892-3003 Sentence denotes NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16].
T765 3004-3100 Sentence denotes Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17].
T766 3101-3248 Sentence denotes Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules.
T767 3249-3413 Sentence denotes The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans.
T768 3414-3531 Sentence denotes Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19].
T769 3532-3764 Sentence denotes Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20].
T770 3765-3874 Sentence denotes Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure.
T771 3875-4064 Sentence denotes Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN.
T772 4065-4254 Sentence denotes We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion.
T773 4255-4355 Sentence denotes These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation.
T774 4356-4489 Sentence denotes In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon.
T775 4490-4620 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype.
T2051 4645-4680 Sentence denotes Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan
T2052 4681-4949 Sentence denotes Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France).
T2053 4950-5185 Sentence denotes Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions.
T2054 5186-5484 Sentence denotes Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA).
T2055 5485-5709 Sentence denotes For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa).
T2056 5710-5785 Sentence denotes The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa).
T2057 5786-5936 Sentence denotes Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter).
T2058 5937-6165 Sentence denotes Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa.
T2059 6166-6282 Sentence denotes The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22].
T2060 6283-6407 Sentence denotes Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy.
T2061 6408-6538 Sentence denotes The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France).
T2062 6539-6641 Sentence denotes Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C.
T2810 6643-6670 Sentence denotes Animals, Chemicals and Diet
T2811 6671-6805 Sentence denotes Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow.
T2812 6806-6926 Sentence denotes Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each.
T2813 6927-7081 Sentence denotes The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN).
T2814 7082-7168 Sentence denotes An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group).
T2815 7169-7282 Sentence denotes To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]).
T2816 7283-7331 Sentence denotes Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily.
T3117 7333-7354 Sentence denotes Evaluation of Colitis
T3118 7355-7499 Sentence denotes Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period.
T3119 7500-7563 Sentence denotes After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.
T3120 7564-7638 Sentence denotes The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24].
T3121 7639-7756 Sentence denotes Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen.
T3122 7757-7830 Sentence denotes The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin.
T3123 7831-7898 Sentence denotes The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing.
T3124 7899-7988 Sentence denotes The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure.
T3125 7989-8182 Sentence denotes To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26].
T3126 8183-8293 Sentence denotes The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa.
T3127 8294-8436 Sentence denotes On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27].
T3128 8437-8562 Sentence denotes The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa.
T3129 8563-8660 Sentence denotes One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C.
T3668 8662-8674 Sentence denotes Cell Culture
T3669 8675-8749 Sentence denotes All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France).
T3670 8750-8928 Sentence denotes THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator.
T3671 8929-9042 Sentence denotes Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient.
T3672 9043-9121 Sentence denotes Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28].
T3673 9122-9218 Sentence denotes For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h.
T3674 9219-9337 Sentence denotes Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer.
T3675 9338-9456 Sentence denotes In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added.
T3981 9458-9477 Sentence denotes Cell Cycle Analysis
T3982 9478-9758 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France).
T3983 9759-9849 Sentence denotes Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter).
T3984 9850-10007 Sentence denotes Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations.
T3985 10008-10152 Sentence denotes Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis.
T4234 10154-10194 Sentence denotes Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis
T4235 10195-10320 Sentence denotes Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h.
T4236 10321-10477 Sentence denotes After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors.
T4237 10478-10553 Sentence denotes Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min.
T4238 10554-10688 Sentence denotes Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu).
T4239 10689-10792 Sentence denotes After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter).
T4240 10793-10880 Sentence denotes The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering.
T4241 10881-10961 Sentence denotes Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells.
T4583 10963-10984 Sentence denotes TNF Activity Bioassay
T4584 10985-11139 Sentence denotes Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time.
T4585 11140-11263 Sentence denotes Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29].
T4586 11264-11306 Sentence denotes TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml.
T4745 11308-11323 Sentence denotes RT-PCR Analysis
T4746 11324-11516 Sentence denotes Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen).
T4747 11517-11618 Sentence denotes PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination).
T4748 11619-11870 Sentence denotes Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium).
T4749 11871-12443 Sentence denotes First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′.
T5235 12445-12484 Sentence denotes NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay
T5236 12485-12724 Sentence denotes The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene.
T5237 12725-12898 Sentence denotes Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40.
T5238 12899-12998 Sentence denotes Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI).
T5475 13000-13021 Sentence denotes Western Blot Analysis
T5476 13022-13121 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS.
T5477 13122-13269 Sentence denotes Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice.
T5478 13270-13377 Sentence denotes Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected.
T5479 13378-13452 Sentence denotes Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad).
T5480 13453-13594 Sentence denotes Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane.
T5481 13595-13798 Sentence denotes I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories).
T5482 13799-13956 Sentence denotes Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction.
T5483 13957-14019 Sentence denotes Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control.
T5484 14020-14179 Sentence denotes For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31].
T5485 14180-14457 Sentence denotes Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA).
T5486 14458-14553 Sentence denotes Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature.
T5487 14554-14651 Sentence denotes Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight.
T5488 14652-14790 Sentence denotes Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used.
T5489 14791-15035 Sentence denotes Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature.
T5490 15036-15251 Sentence denotes After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
T5491 15252-15386 Sentence denotes To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32].
T6463 15388-15434 Sentence denotes Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry
T6464 15435-15513 Sentence denotes Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31].
T6517 15515-15535 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis
T6518 15536-15616 Sentence denotes The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments.
T6519 15617-15755 Sentence denotes The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
T6612 15766-15806 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation
T6613 15807-15944 Sentence denotes All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools.
T6614 15945-16089 Sentence denotes Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A).
T6615 16090-16219 Sentence denotes Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C).
T6616 16220-16408 Sentence denotes Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage.
T6617 16409-16483 Sentence denotes Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation.
T6618 16484-16599 Sentence denotes Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown).
T6619 16600-16674 Sentence denotes These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E).
T6620 16675-16862 Sentence denotes More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F).
T6621 16863-17013 Sentence denotes No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown).
T6622 17014-17186 Sentence denotes Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed.
T7270 865-17770 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α Production by Monocytes In Vitro
T7271 17772-17926 Sentence denotes In order to study the capacity of dCGN to stimulate TNF-α production, peripheral blood monocytes were cultivated in the presence of dCGN (0.1 to 1 mg/ml).
T7272 17927-18016 Sentence denotes Very low levels of TNF-α were induced in PBM after stimulation with native CGN (Fig. 2A).
T7273 18017-18123 Sentence denotes Addition of 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN resulted in approximately a 60-fold increase in TNF-α production by PBM.
T7274 18124-18250 Sentence denotes This was a dose-dependent effect that reached a 180-fold increase when cells were exposed to 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (Fig. 2A).
T7275 18251-18337 Sentence denotes A 250-fold increase in TNF-α production was detected at 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 2A).
T7276 18338-18432 Sentence denotes TNF-α production increased in time reaching a maximum level at 8 hours of culture (Figure 2B).
T7277 18433-18513 Sentence denotes After 24 h, the amount of secreted TNF-α was still one third of the total TNF-α.
T7278 18514-18644 Sentence denotes Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known activator of immune cells also induced TNF-α production with similar kinetics as dCGN (Fig. 2B).
T7279 18645-18795 Sentence denotes However, the amount of TNF-α produced by LPS was 4-fold less than the one produced by dCGN and it was not detected after 8 hours of culture (Fig. 2B).
T7280 18796-18939 Sentence denotes Similarly, monocytic THP-1 cells cultivated in the presence of variable concentration of dCGN showed an increase in TNF-α production (Fig. 2C).
T7281 18940-19056 Sentence denotes This increase in TNF-α production was significantly smaller (about 10-fold) than the one presented by PBM (Fig. 2A).
T7282 19057-19130 Sentence denotes No TNF-α was released from THP-1 cells exposed to native CGN (not shown).
T7283 19131-19213 Sentence denotes TNF-α production by THP-1 cells was not dose dependent to the amount of dCGN used.
T7284 19214-19299 Sentence denotes Also there was no difference between the two forms (10 and 40 kDa) of dCGN (Fig. 2C).
T7285 19300-19469 Sentence denotes Interestingly, TNF-α release from THP-1 cells stimulated with dCGN reached a maximum level at 32 h, while stimulation with LPS reached a maximum level at 56 h (Fig. 2D).
T8224 20326-20397 Sentence denotes Effect of Native and Degraded CGN on THP-1 Proliferation and Cell Cycle
T8225 20398-20597 Sentence denotes Preliminary observations by enumeration of THP-1 cells exposed to different concentrations of native and dCGN (10 and 40 kDa) during 2, 5 and 7 days, showed a decline in cell number (data not shown).
T8226 20598-20667 Sentence denotes This suggested that dCGN might cause an alteration in the cell cycle.
T8227 20668-20841 Sentence denotes Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed an accumulation of THP-1 cells in G0/G1 phase, which was associated with a decrease number of cells in the S phase (Fig. 3A).
T8228 20842-21007 Sentence denotes The percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was 45.2% for control cells, 62.6% for C10 dCGN (at 2 mg/ml), and 64.2% for C40 dCGN-treated cells (at 2 mg/ml) (Fig. 3B).
T8229 21008-21070 Sentence denotes The effect of dCGN on cell cycle was dose-dependent (Fig. 3B).
T8230 21071-21159 Sentence denotes Neither native nor dCGN had an effect on the number of cells in the G2/M phase (Fig. 3).
T8231 21160-21311 Sentence denotes This effect is not due to cytotoxicity of dCGN even at the highest concentration (i.e. 2 mg/ml) since cell viability was not affected (data not shown).
T8747 21910-22008 Sentence denotes ICAM-1 Expression Is Induced by Degraded CGN and Is Responsible for Monocytes Aggregation In Vitro
T8748 22010-22171 Sentence denotes In order to study the effect of dCGN on the expression of cell surface antigens, PBM and THP-1 cells were incubated for 36 h in the presence and absence of dCGN.
T8749 22172-22290 Sentence denotes The expression of various cell surface molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry as described in materials and methods.
T8750 22291-22390 Sentence denotes Both forms of dCGN clearly stimulated expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) on PBM and THP-1 cells (Fig. 4A).
T8751 22391-22486 Sentence denotes The increase in ICAM-1 expression was higher on THP-1 cells treated with 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T8752 22487-22635 Sentence denotes Another surface antigen, the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (CD58) was slightly reduced on PBM after treatment with 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T8753 22636-22846 Sentence denotes Interestingly, expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules of class I (HLA-ABC) and of class II (HLA-DR), as well as the monocyte marker CD14, seemed to be reduced by treatment with dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T8754 22847-22909 Sentence denotes However, these differences were not statistically significant.
T8755 23565-23688 Sentence denotes Treatment with dCGN also induced a strong aggregation of monocytes, detected by phase contrast inverse microscopy (Fig. 5).
T8756 23689-23883 Sentence denotes Although this effect was easily observed in monocytes incubated with the 10 kDa dCGN (Fig. 5B), a more robust cell aggregation was observed in monocytes incubated with the 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 5C).
T8757 23884-23979 Sentence denotes ICAM-1 has been proposed to be the main adhesion molecule responsible for monocyte aggregation.
T8758 23980-24149 Sentence denotes To confirm this, monocytes were incubated with both types of dCGN in the presence of an anti-ICAM-1 antibody, an anti-CD58 antibody and an isotype control IgG1 antibody.
T8759 24150-24325 Sentence denotes The anti-ICAM-1 antibody effectively blocked the cell aggregates induced by dCGN (Fig. 5D, 5E), strongly suggesting that indeed ICAM-1 is responsible for monocyte aggregation.
T8760 24326-24428 Sentence denotes Both the control IgG1 and the anti-CD58 antibody did not modify monocyte aggregation (data not shown).
T9632 25092-25159 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce an Increase in ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA Expression
T9633 25160-25296 Sentence denotes The increase in surface ICAM-1 expression and TNF-α production by monocytes correlated with an upregulation of mRNA for these molecules.
T9634 25297-25451 Sentence denotes Both 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN induced a robust increase in mRNA for both ICAM-1 and TNF-α (Fig. 6). β-actin mRNA levels were not affected by dCGN treatment.
T10061 25764-25820 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce IκB Degradation and NF-κB Activation
T10062 25821-25917 Sentence denotes The expression of genes encoding for ICAM-1 and TNF-α is controlled by the nuclear factor NF-κB.
T10063 25918-26063 Sentence denotes Site-specific phosphorylation of the inhibitor IκB leads to its degradation by proteasome and to a consequential activation of the NF-κB pathway.
T10064 26064-26237 Sentence denotes Using a reporter plasmid for NF-κB activation, it was confirmed that dCGN induced a strong activation of NF-κB, as reflected by an increase in luciferase activity (Fig. 7A).
T10065 26238-26314 Sentence denotes Both forms of dCGN used induced NF-κB activation in a dose dependent manner.
T10066 26315-26390 Sentence denotes However, the effect was more strongly induced by the 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 7A).
T10067 26391-26528 Sentence denotes These results were further confirmed by directly detecting NF-κB in the cell nucleus by Western blotting (Fig. 7C) and by FACS (Fig. 7D).
T10068 26529-26614 Sentence denotes These assays also allowed us to determine what NF-κB subunits were activated by dCGN.
T10069 26615-26705 Sentence denotes Both forms (10 or 40 kDa) of dCGN induced activation of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB.
T10070 26706-26825 Sentence denotes This nuclear factor was present in low levels in the cell nucleus and increased considerably after treatment with dCGN.
T10071 26826-26927 Sentence denotes Western blots suggested the the 40 kDa form of dCGN induced a stronger activation of NF-κB (Fig. 7C).
T10072 26928-27075 Sentence denotes A more sentive assay for nuclear factor activation is flow cytometry of nuclei stained with specific antibodies for the nuclear factor of interest.
T10073 27076-27217 Sentence denotes In agreement with the previous data, FACS analysis of nuclei from THP-1 cells showed that there was a basal level of nuclear NF-κB (Fig. 7D).
T10074 27218-27346 Sentence denotes Again, both forms (10 or 40 kDa) of dCGN induced an increase of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB in the nucleus of these cells.
T10075 27347-27415 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa degraded CGN gave a stronger increase of NF-κB (Fig. 7D).
T10076 27416-27533 Sentence denotes These data strongly suggest that the heterodimer p50/p65 is the NF-κB isoform activated by degraded CGN in monocytes.
T10077 27534-27636 Sentence denotes In addition, degradation of the inhibitor IκBα was also observed in cells treated with dCGN (Fig. 7B).
T10078 27637-27791 Sentence denotes No significant IκBα degradation was detected within two hours of dCGN treatment, but IκBα was markedly degraded by four hours of dCGN treatment (Fig. 7B).
T10079 27792-27942 Sentence denotes We focused on IκBα subunit, since it masks the nuclear localisation sequence of p65, it is the most rapidly degraded subunit and the most studied one.
T11576 29501-29624 Sentence denotes Inflammation of the intestinal tract is usually associated with infiltration and activation of intestinal macrophages [17].
T11577 29625-29779 Sentence denotes These macrophages are able to initiate immune responses and can be induced to differentiate into cells that either exacerbate or inhibit the inflammation.
T11578 29780-30004 Sentence denotes Accumulation of different types of leukocytes, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa during inflammation, is normally followed by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [33].
T11579 30005-30102 Sentence denotes Several stimuli can induce these leukocytes to produce and secrete cytokines during inflammation.
T11580 30103-30209 Sentence denotes One of the most potent and known stimuli for leukocyte activation is LPS from Gram-negative bacteria [34].
T11581 30210-30318 Sentence denotes In addition, other factors are also able to stimulate cytokine secretion from various leukocytes [35], [36].
T11582 30319-30450 Sentence denotes One such factor is CGN, a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae) [1], [2].
T11583 30451-30523 Sentence denotes Native CGN is widely used as a food additive (E 407) to improve texture.
T11584 30524-30573 Sentence denotes It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
T11585 30574-30764 Sentence denotes Although native form CGN (200–800 kDa) has been declared harmless to humans [8], its degraded forms (<50 kDa), also known as poligeenan, are widely used to induce colitis in rodents [3]–[5].
T11586 30765-30879 Sentence denotes These degraded CGN may also have a possible carcinogenic effect [4], [6]–[8]; however this is still controversial.
T11587 30880-31151 Sentence denotes Although acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) is required for CGN hydrolysis in vitro to lower molecular weight dCGN, it is probable that some dCGN are produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12].
T11588 31152-31245 Sentence denotes Thus, understanding the mechanisms of dCGN-induced bowel inflammation is of great importance.
T11589 31246-31352 Sentence denotes In this report, we have analyzed the role of human monocytes (PBM and THP-1) in dCGN-induced inflammation.
T11590 31353-31607 Sentence denotes Preliminary in vivo studies in rats treated with dCGN revealed significant shortening of the large intestine associated with an inflammatory state, i.e. strong infiltration of macrophages to the intestinal mucosa similar to DSS-induced inflammation [20].
T11591 31608-31810 Sentence denotes Using two fractions of dCGN (10 and 40 kDa), we observed a strong correlation between the severity of the inflammation and the dCGN molecular size, thus confirming the size related inflammation in vivo.
T11592 31811-31936 Sentence denotes This macrophage accumulation was not due to cell proliferation because dCGN inhibited THP-1 monocytes proliferation in vitro.
T11593 31937-32076 Sentence denotes These results are similar to those obtained with human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460 cell line) exposed to native CGN for 1–8 days [37].
T11594 32077-32231 Sentence denotes Thus, it seems that dCGN promote macrophage infiltration by recruiting new cells to the inflamed intestinal mucosa and not by inducing cell proliferation.
T11595 32232-32401 Sentence denotes In addition, very few polymorphonuclear cells were detected in the mucosa at the time point analyzed as demonstrated by a very low level of MPO in the intestinal tissue.
T11596 32402-32527 Sentence denotes These results suggest that monocytes might produce cytokines associated with activation into macrophages in response to dCGN.
T11597 32528-32616 Sentence denotes Thus, we analyzed the production of TNF by both PBM and THP-1 cells in response to dCGN.
T11598 32617-32678 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN induced a robust production of TNF by monocytes.
T11599 32679-32779 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa form of dCGN was more potent for monocyte stimulation than the 10 kDa or the native ones.
T11600 32780-32986 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, monocyte activation by dCGN to produce TNF was much stronger than the activation induced by LPS, an inflammatory factor considered to be among the most potent stimuli for leukocyte activation.
T11601 32987-33089 Sentence denotes These results underline the fact that partially degraded forms of CGN have important cellular effects.
T11602 33090-33198 Sentence denotes The amount of TNF secreted by PBM induced with LPS was much larger than the one secreted by THP-1 monocytes.
T11603 33199-33421 Sentence denotes Since monocyte activation by LPS is associated with the presence of the CD14 and TLR4 receptors [38]–[40], the different response observed could be due to the different expression of these receptors in PBM and THP-1 cells.
T11604 33422-33491 Sentence denotes CD14 is not expressed by THP-1 monocytes, but it is expressed by PBM.
T11605 33492-33650 Sentence denotes This fact could explain why THP-1 cells produced a much smaller response to LPS than PBM and also the difference of kinetics in the LPS induced TNF secretion.
T11606 33651-33826 Sentence denotes The peak of TNF response was observed after 8 h stimulation followed by a rapid decrease to baseline at 10 h, whereas on THP-1 cells the peak was not reached until after 56 h.
T11607 33827-33939 Sentence denotes Moreover, the amount of TNF secreted by monocytes induced with dCGN was much larger than the one induced by LPS.
T11608 33940-34034 Sentence denotes On the other hand, LPS and dCGN displayed a very different TNF secretion curve in THP-1 cells.
T11609 34035-34121 Sentence denotes These differences suggest that dCGN and LPS could use different activation mechanisms.
T11610 34122-34245 Sentence denotes It is noteworthy that neutralizing antibody to CD14 only partially (<40%) inhibited dCGN-induced TNF secretion (not shown).
T11611 34246-34358 Sentence denotes TLR4 has been recently identified as a surface membrane receptor for CGN in human colonic epithelial cells [41].
T11612 34359-34453 Sentence denotes Thus, it is possible that TLR4 is activated by dCGN to induce cytokine secretion by monocytes.
T11613 34454-34595 Sentence denotes We can only speculate that TLR4 may have a higher affinity-binding site for dCGN than for LPS, however, this hypothesis remains to be tested.
T11614 34596-34788 Sentence denotes Another indicator that dCGN stimulate monocytes leading to a more active phenotype is the fact that surface expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was enhanced in both PBM and THP-1 cells.
T11615 34789-34939 Sentence denotes The over expression of ICAM-1 caused the activated monocytes to form cell aggregates that were more abundant among cells treated with the 40 kDa dCGN.
T11616 34940-35092 Sentence denotes This correlates with the higher expression of ICAM-1 induced by the 40 kDa dCGN, suggesting that the partially degraded CGN is more biologically active.
T11617 35093-35248 Sentence denotes In addition, the cell aggregates are reminiscent of monocyte aggregates, which form multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in patients with Crohn's disease [42].
T11618 35249-35352 Sentence denotes These giant cells were not observed in healthy individuals or in patients with ulcerative colitis [42].
T11619 35353-35496 Sentence denotes Moreover, increased expression levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 (CD58) were also detected in monocytes from patients with Crohn's disease [43], [44].
T11620 35497-35760 Sentence denotes Thus, degraded CGN clearly can activate monocytes to express an increased number of ICAM-1 adhesion molecules, therefore being capable of creating the conditions characteristic of Crohn's disease symptomatology, i.e. PBM accumulation and MGC formation [45], [46].
T11621 35761-35839 Sentence denotes The NF-κB pathway regulates genes responsible for ICAM-1 and TNF-α expression.
T11622 35840-35926 Sentence denotes NF-κB activation is associated with the degradation of the inhibitor protein IκB [47].
T11623 35927-36121 Sentence denotes Indeed, dCGN induced NF-κB activation as shown by degradation of IκBα, translocation of p65 and p50 sub-units to the nucleus and by activation of an NF-κB-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid.
T11624 36122-36287 Sentence denotes Again, a stronger activation of NF-κB was induced by the 40 kDa dCGN compared to 10 kDa dCGN, suggesting that the partially degraded CGN is more biologically active.
T11625 36288-36432 Sentence denotes Our data are in agreement with a previous study showing that native CGN also induced activation of NF-κB in human colonic epithelial cells [48].
T11626 36433-36622 Sentence denotes NF-κB pathway is often associated to promote cell survival and cancer cell growth, however it has been sometimes reported to behave as a tumor suppressor, arresting cell proliferation [49].
T11627 36623-36747 Sentence denotes Such relationship between NF-kB activation and cell cycle regulation has been reported in normal human epidermal cells [50].
T11628 36748-36873 Sentence denotes Indeed, it has been shown that NF-κB activation suppressed cdk4 expression, which is necessary for the transition to S phase.
T11629 36874-37019 Sentence denotes Finally, NF-κB activation was reported to induce growth arrest in normal human keratinocytes by a mechanims involving the cdk inhibitor p21 [51].
T11630 37020-37088 Sentence denotes The effects of dCGN on p21 and cdk4 expression remain to be studied.
T11631 37089-37165 Sentence denotes In these studies, we have demonstrated a direct action of dCGN on monocytes.
T11632 37166-37335 Sentence denotes Monocytes exposed to dCGN acquired an inflammatory phenotype that included higher expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and TNF-α production, via the NF-κB pathway.
T11633 37336-37469 Sentence denotes This higher expression of ICAM-1 resulted in formation of cell aggregates similar to those observed in patients with Crohn's disease.
T11634 37470-37638 Sentence denotes We presume that the differential effects of 10 and 40 kDa dCGN to induce these effects on monocytes are tightly linked to their capacity to induce inflammation in vivo.
T11635 37639-37769 Sentence denotes However, in vivo, macrophages do not come in direct contact with the intestinal lumen and are separated by the epithelial barrier.
T11636 37770-37912 Sentence denotes The way by which dCGN may leave the intestinal lumen and cross the epithelial barrier to reach the macrophages is an intriguing open question.
T11637 37913-38076 Sentence denotes One possible explanation resides in the potential of dCGN to “induce” cellular and paracellular injurious effects at the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer [48].
T11638 38077-38334 Sentence denotes In conclusion, dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, accumulating the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation in vitro, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion.
T11639 38335-38435 Sentence denotes These responses were more pronounced following 40 kDa dCGN, and were all linked to NF-κB activation.
T11640 38436-38613 Sentence denotes These results suggest that, although CGN is widely used as a food additive, its degraded forms have an important effect on monocytes characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype.
T15567 17231-17279 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats.
T15568 17280-17449 Sentence denotes Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D).
T15569 17450-17616 Sentence denotes Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control.
T15570 17617-17709 Sentence denotes Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F).
T15859 19514-19567 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN stimulated TNF secretion from monocytes.
T15860 19568-19679 Sentence denotes Levels of TNF released from peripheral blood monocytes (A–B) and THP-1 cells (C–D) after stimulation with dCGN.
T15861 19680-19783 Sentence denotes A: TNF release induced by native CGN (open bars), 10 kDa dCGN (grey bars), or 40 kDa dCGN (black bars).
T15862 19784-19786 Sentence denotes B:
T15863 19787-19968 Sentence denotes Kinetics of TNF release induced by nothing (control; black diamonds), 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (black triangles), 0.1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (black squares), or 10 µg/ml LPS (open squares).
T15864 19969-20139 Sentence denotes C: TNF release induced by nothing (control; open bars), 10 µg/ml LPS (hatched bars), or increasing concentrations of 10 kDa dCGN (grey bars), or 40 kDa dCGN (black bars).
T15865 20140-20142 Sentence denotes D:
T15866 20143-20324 Sentence denotes Kinetics of TNF release induced by nothing (control; black diamonds), 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (black triangles), 0.1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (black squares), or 10 µg/ml LPS (open squares).
T16341 21356-21412 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN induced THP1 cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
T16342 21413-21562 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were incubated in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide.
T16343 21563-21616 Sentence denotes Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry.
T16344 21617-21619 Sentence denotes A:
T16345 21620-21716 Sentence denotes Histograms of cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T16346 21717-21719 Sentence denotes B:
T16347 21720-21908 Sentence denotes Percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle when treated with medium only (control), different concentrations of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), of 40 kDa dCGN (C40), or of native CGN (Native).
T16653 22954-23009 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN stimulated ICAM-1 expression in monocytes.
T16654 23010-23179 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) or THP-1 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 24 h before being stained for various cell surface antigens.
T16655 23180-23235 Sentence denotes Antigen expression was then analyzed by flow cytometry.
T16656 23236-23238 Sentence denotes A:
T16657 23239-23356 Sentence denotes Histograms of ICAM-1 expression in cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T16658 23357-23359 Sentence denotes B:
T16659 23360-23539 Sentence denotes Fluorescence intensity for expression of the antigens HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD14, ICAM-1, and CD58 in cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T16660 23540-23562 Sentence denotes Data are mean +/− SEM.
T16984 24473-24525 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN induced monocytes aggregation in vitro.
T16985 24526-24702 Sentence denotes Monocytes were incubated in the absence (A) or the presence of 1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (B), 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (C), or 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN plus 2.5 µg/ml anti-ICAM-1 antibody (D).
T16986 24703-24782 Sentence denotes Cells were observed by phase contrast inverse microscopy at 150X magnification.
T16987 24783-24849 Sentence denotes Inserts in A and B show a close up of cells at 300X magnification.
T16988 24850-24852 Sentence denotes E:
T16989 24853-25012 Sentence denotes Number of monocyte aggregates in 24 wells plate of PBM cell cultured with nothing (control), with 10 kDa degraded CGN (C10), or with 40 kDa degraded CGN (C40).
T16990 25013-25067 Sentence denotes Some cultures had also 2.5 µg/ml anti-ICAM-1 antibody.
T16991 25068-25090 Sentence denotes Data are mean +/− SEM.
T17321 25496-25566 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN stimulated ICAM-1 and TNF-α gene expression in monocytes.
T17322 25567-25762 Sentence denotes Representative samples of RT-PCR analysis showing over expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α after stimulation of monocytes with 1 g/l of degraded CGN. β-actin expression was used as normalization gene.
T17527 27987-28041 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN activated the NF-kB pathway in monocytes.
T17528 28042-28137 Sentence denotes A: THP-1 cells were transfected with a NF-κB reporter plasmid driving expression of luciferase.
T17529 28138-28238 Sentence denotes Cells were then treated with various concentrations of 10 kDa (triangles), or 40 kDa dCGN (squares).
T17530 28239-28375 Sentence denotes B: THP-1 cells treated with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) were lysed after various periods of time.
T17531 28376-28494 Sentence denotes Proteins in cell extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and then Western blotted for IκBα or α−tubulin as loading control.
T17532 28495-28497 Sentence denotes C:
T17533 28498-28555 Sentence denotes Degraded carrageenans (dCGN) induced activation of NF-κB.
T17534 28556-28735 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells were treated with nothing (control), or with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) for 30 minutes at 37°C. Nuclei were isolated and lysed.
T17535 28736-28871 Sentence denotes Proteins in nuclear extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and then Western blotted for NF-κB p50 subunit (p50) or NF-κB p65 subunit (p65).
T17536 28872-28973 Sentence denotes Lower panels show Western blots of nuclear ERK revealing equivalent amount of protein in each sample.
T17537 28974-29028 Sentence denotes Data are representative of three separate experiments.
T17538 29029-29031 Sentence denotes D:
T17539 29032-29088 Sentence denotes Degraded carrageenan (dCGN) induced activation of NF-κB.
T17540 29089-29420 Sentence denotes Nuclei isolated from THP-1 cells were fluorescence-stained for NF-κB p50 subunit or NF-κB p65 subunit before (filled area) or after cells were treated with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) for 30 minutes at 37°C. Dashed line corresponds to nuclei stained only with secondary fluorescence antibody.
T17541 29421-29488 Sentence denotes Fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry as described.
T1 0-159 Sentence denotes Degraded Carrageenan Causing Colitis in Rats Induces TNF Secretion and ICAM-1 Upregulation in Monocytes through NF-κB Activation Carrageenan Activates Monocyte
T2 162-170 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 171-267 Sentence denotes Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide derived from red seaweeds.
T4 268-395 Sentence denotes In rodents, its degraded forms (dCGN) can induce intestinal inflammation associated with macrophage recruitment and activation.
T5 396-422 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was:
T6 423-680 Sentence denotes 1) to analyze the size-dependent effects of dCGN on colon inflammation in vivo, and 2) to correlate these effects with monocyte/macrophage proliferation, cytokine production and expression of various cell surface antigens including ICAM-1 adhesion molecule.
T7 681-799 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and THP-1 monocytic cells were cultured in the presence of either 10 or 40 kDa, dCGN.
T8 800-864 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa, but not the 10 kDa dCGN, induced colitis in in vivo.
T9 865-955 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase.
T10 956-1082 Sentence denotes In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure.
T11 1083-1194 Sentence denotes Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody.
T12 1195-1279 Sentence denotes Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells.
T13 1280-1330 Sentence denotes All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation.
T14 1331-1473 Sentence denotes These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype.
T15 1475-1487 Sentence denotes Introduction
T16 1488-1607 Sentence denotes Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae).
T17 1608-1678 Sentence denotes Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda.
T18 1679-1752 Sentence denotes They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2].
T19 1753-1847 Sentence denotes Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture.
T20 1848-1897 Sentence denotes It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
T21 1898-2062 Sentence denotes However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN).
T22 2063-2214 Sentence denotes These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5].
T23 2215-2295 Sentence denotes The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8].
T24 2296-2519 Sentence denotes Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12].
T25 2520-2695 Sentence denotes Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines.
T26 2696-2891 Sentence denotes Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14].
T27 2892-3003 Sentence denotes NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16].
T28 3004-3100 Sentence denotes Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17].
T29 3101-3248 Sentence denotes Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules.
T30 3249-3413 Sentence denotes The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans.
T31 3414-3531 Sentence denotes Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19].
T32 3532-3764 Sentence denotes Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20].
T33 3765-3874 Sentence denotes Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure.
T34 3875-4064 Sentence denotes Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN.
T35 4065-4254 Sentence denotes We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion.
T36 4255-4355 Sentence denotes These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation.
T37 4356-4489 Sentence denotes In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon.
T38 4490-4620 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype.
T39 4622-4643 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods
T40 4645-4680 Sentence denotes Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan
T41 4681-4949 Sentence denotes Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France).
T42 4950-5054 Sentence denotes Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C.
T43 5055-5185 Sentence denotes Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions.
T44 5186-5333 Sentence denotes Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C.
T45 5334-5484 Sentence denotes After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA).
T46 5485-5630 Sentence denotes For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C.
T47 5631-5709 Sentence denotes After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa).
T48 5710-5785 Sentence denotes The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa).
T49 5786-5936 Sentence denotes Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter).
T50 5937-6165 Sentence denotes Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa.
T51 6166-6282 Sentence denotes The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22].
T52 6283-6407 Sentence denotes Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy.
T53 6408-6538 Sentence denotes The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France).
T54 6539-6641 Sentence denotes Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C.
T55 6643-6670 Sentence denotes Animals, Chemicals and Diet
T56 6671-6805 Sentence denotes Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow.
T57 6806-6926 Sentence denotes Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each.
T58 6927-7081 Sentence denotes The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN).
T59 7082-7168 Sentence denotes An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group).
T60 7169-7282 Sentence denotes To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]).
T61 7283-7331 Sentence denotes Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily.
T62 7333-7354 Sentence denotes Evaluation of Colitis
T63 7355-7499 Sentence denotes Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period.
T64 7500-7563 Sentence denotes After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.
T65 7564-7638 Sentence denotes The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24].
T66 7639-7756 Sentence denotes Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen.
T67 7757-7830 Sentence denotes The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin.
T68 7831-7898 Sentence denotes The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing.
T69 7899-7988 Sentence denotes The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure.
T70 7989-8182 Sentence denotes To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26].
T71 8183-8293 Sentence denotes The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa.
T72 8294-8436 Sentence denotes On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27].
T73 8437-8562 Sentence denotes The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa.
T74 8563-8660 Sentence denotes One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C.
T75 8662-8674 Sentence denotes Cell Culture
T76 8675-8749 Sentence denotes All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France).
T77 8750-8928 Sentence denotes THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator.
T78 8929-9042 Sentence denotes Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient.
T79 9043-9121 Sentence denotes Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28].
T80 9122-9218 Sentence denotes For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h.
T81 9219-9337 Sentence denotes Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer.
T82 9338-9456 Sentence denotes In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added.
T83 9458-9477 Sentence denotes Cell Cycle Analysis
T84 9478-9758 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France).
T85 9759-9849 Sentence denotes Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter).
T86 9850-10007 Sentence denotes Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations.
T87 10008-10152 Sentence denotes Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis.
T88 10154-10194 Sentence denotes Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis
T89 10195-10320 Sentence denotes Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h.
T90 10321-10477 Sentence denotes After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors.
T91 10478-10553 Sentence denotes Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min.
T92 10554-10688 Sentence denotes Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu).
T93 10689-10792 Sentence denotes After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter).
T94 10793-10880 Sentence denotes The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering.
T95 10881-10961 Sentence denotes Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells.
T96 10963-10984 Sentence denotes TNF Activity Bioassay
T97 10985-11139 Sentence denotes Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time.
T98 11140-11263 Sentence denotes Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29].
T99 11264-11306 Sentence denotes TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml.
T100 11308-11323 Sentence denotes RT-PCR Analysis
T101 11324-11516 Sentence denotes Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen).
T102 11517-11618 Sentence denotes PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination).
T103 11619-11870 Sentence denotes Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium).
T104 11871-12443 Sentence denotes First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′.
T105 12445-12484 Sentence denotes NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay
T106 12485-12533 Sentence denotes The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs.
T107 12534-12536 Sentence denotes J.
T108 12537-12554 Sentence denotes Westwick and D.A.
T109 12555-12724 Sentence denotes Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene.
T110 12725-12898 Sentence denotes Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40.
T111 12899-12998 Sentence denotes Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI).
T112 13000-13021 Sentence denotes Western Blot Analysis
T113 13022-13121 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS.
T114 13122-13269 Sentence denotes Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice.
T115 13270-13377 Sentence denotes Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected.
T116 13378-13452 Sentence denotes Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad).
T117 13453-13594 Sentence denotes Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane.
T118 13595-13798 Sentence denotes I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories).
T119 13799-13956 Sentence denotes Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction.
T120 13957-14019 Sentence denotes Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control.
T121 14020-14114 Sentence denotes For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C.
T122 14115-14179 Sentence denotes Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31].
T123 14180-14285 Sentence denotes Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C.
T124 14286-14457 Sentence denotes Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA).
T125 14458-14553 Sentence denotes Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature.
T126 14554-14651 Sentence denotes Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight.
T127 14652-14790 Sentence denotes Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used.
T128 14791-15035 Sentence denotes Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature.
T129 15036-15251 Sentence denotes After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
T130 15252-15386 Sentence denotes To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32].
T131 15388-15434 Sentence denotes Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry
T132 15435-15513 Sentence denotes Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31].
T133 15515-15535 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis
T134 15536-15616 Sentence denotes The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments.
T135 15617-15755 Sentence denotes The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
T136 15757-15764 Sentence denotes Results
T137 15766-15806 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation
T138 15807-15944 Sentence denotes All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools.
T139 15945-16089 Sentence denotes Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A).
T140 16090-16219 Sentence denotes Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C).
T141 16220-16408 Sentence denotes Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage.
T142 16409-16483 Sentence denotes Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation.
T143 16484-16599 Sentence denotes Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown).
T144 16600-16674 Sentence denotes These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E).
T145 16675-16862 Sentence denotes More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F).
T146 16863-17013 Sentence denotes No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown).
T147 17014-17186 Sentence denotes Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed.
T148 17187-17279 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats.
T149 17280-17449 Sentence denotes Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D).
T150 17450-17616 Sentence denotes Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control.
T151 17617-17709 Sentence denotes Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F).
T152 17711-17770 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α Production by Monocytes In Vitro
T153 17772-17926 Sentence denotes In order to study the capacity of dCGN to stimulate TNF-α production, peripheral blood monocytes were cultivated in the presence of dCGN (0.1 to 1 mg/ml).
T154 17927-18016 Sentence denotes Very low levels of TNF-α were induced in PBM after stimulation with native CGN (Fig. 2A).
T155 18017-18123 Sentence denotes Addition of 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN resulted in approximately a 60-fold increase in TNF-α production by PBM.
T156 18124-18250 Sentence denotes This was a dose-dependent effect that reached a 180-fold increase when cells were exposed to 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (Fig. 2A).
T157 18251-18337 Sentence denotes A 250-fold increase in TNF-α production was detected at 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 2A).
T158 18338-18432 Sentence denotes TNF-α production increased in time reaching a maximum level at 8 hours of culture (Figure 2B).
T159 18433-18513 Sentence denotes After 24 h, the amount of secreted TNF-α was still one third of the total TNF-α.
T160 18514-18644 Sentence denotes Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known activator of immune cells also induced TNF-α production with similar kinetics as dCGN (Fig. 2B).
T161 18645-18795 Sentence denotes However, the amount of TNF-α produced by LPS was 4-fold less than the one produced by dCGN and it was not detected after 8 hours of culture (Fig. 2B).
T162 18796-18939 Sentence denotes Similarly, monocytic THP-1 cells cultivated in the presence of variable concentration of dCGN showed an increase in TNF-α production (Fig. 2C).
T163 18940-19056 Sentence denotes This increase in TNF-α production was significantly smaller (about 10-fold) than the one presented by PBM (Fig. 2A).
T164 19057-19130 Sentence denotes No TNF-α was released from THP-1 cells exposed to native CGN (not shown).
T165 19131-19213 Sentence denotes TNF-α production by THP-1 cells was not dose dependent to the amount of dCGN used.
T166 19214-19299 Sentence denotes Also there was no difference between the two forms (10 and 40 kDa) of dCGN (Fig. 2C).
T167 19300-19469 Sentence denotes Interestingly, TNF-α release from THP-1 cells stimulated with dCGN reached a maximum level at 32 h, while stimulation with LPS reached a maximum level at 56 h (Fig. 2D).
T168 19470-19567 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g002 Figure 2 Degraded CGN stimulated TNF secretion from monocytes.
T169 19568-19679 Sentence denotes Levels of TNF released from peripheral blood monocytes (A–B) and THP-1 cells (C–D) after stimulation with dCGN.
T170 19680-19783 Sentence denotes A: TNF release induced by native CGN (open bars), 10 kDa dCGN (grey bars), or 40 kDa dCGN (black bars).
T171 19784-19786 Sentence denotes B:
T172 19787-19968 Sentence denotes Kinetics of TNF release induced by nothing (control; black diamonds), 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (black triangles), 0.1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (black squares), or 10 µg/ml LPS (open squares).
T173 19969-20139 Sentence denotes C: TNF release induced by nothing (control; open bars), 10 µg/ml LPS (hatched bars), or increasing concentrations of 10 kDa dCGN (grey bars), or 40 kDa dCGN (black bars).
T174 20140-20142 Sentence denotes D:
T175 20143-20324 Sentence denotes Kinetics of TNF release induced by nothing (control; black diamonds), 0.1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (black triangles), 0.1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (black squares), or 10 µg/ml LPS (open squares).
T176 20326-20397 Sentence denotes Effect of Native and Degraded CGN on THP-1 Proliferation and Cell Cycle
T177 20398-20597 Sentence denotes Preliminary observations by enumeration of THP-1 cells exposed to different concentrations of native and dCGN (10 and 40 kDa) during 2, 5 and 7 days, showed a decline in cell number (data not shown).
T178 20598-20667 Sentence denotes This suggested that dCGN might cause an alteration in the cell cycle.
T179 20668-20841 Sentence denotes Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed an accumulation of THP-1 cells in G0/G1 phase, which was associated with a decrease number of cells in the S phase (Fig. 3A).
T180 20842-21007 Sentence denotes The percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was 45.2% for control cells, 62.6% for C10 dCGN (at 2 mg/ml), and 64.2% for C40 dCGN-treated cells (at 2 mg/ml) (Fig. 3B).
T181 21008-21070 Sentence denotes The effect of dCGN on cell cycle was dose-dependent (Fig. 3B).
T182 21071-21159 Sentence denotes Neither native nor dCGN had an effect on the number of cells in the G2/M phase (Fig. 3).
T183 21160-21311 Sentence denotes This effect is not due to cytotoxicity of dCGN even at the highest concentration (i.e. 2 mg/ml) since cell viability was not affected (data not shown).
T184 21312-21412 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g003 Figure 3 Degraded CGN induced THP1 cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
T185 21413-21562 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were incubated in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide.
T186 21563-21616 Sentence denotes Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry.
T187 21617-21619 Sentence denotes A:
T188 21620-21716 Sentence denotes Histograms of cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T189 21717-21719 Sentence denotes B:
T190 21720-21908 Sentence denotes Percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle when treated with medium only (control), different concentrations of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), of 40 kDa dCGN (C40), or of native CGN (Native).
T191 21910-22008 Sentence denotes ICAM-1 Expression Is Induced by Degraded CGN and Is Responsible for Monocytes Aggregation In Vitro
T192 22010-22171 Sentence denotes In order to study the effect of dCGN on the expression of cell surface antigens, PBM and THP-1 cells were incubated for 36 h in the presence and absence of dCGN.
T193 22172-22290 Sentence denotes The expression of various cell surface molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry as described in materials and methods.
T194 22291-22390 Sentence denotes Both forms of dCGN clearly stimulated expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) on PBM and THP-1 cells (Fig. 4A).
T195 22391-22486 Sentence denotes The increase in ICAM-1 expression was higher on THP-1 cells treated with 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T196 22487-22635 Sentence denotes Another surface antigen, the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (CD58) was slightly reduced on PBM after treatment with 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T197 22636-22846 Sentence denotes Interestingly, expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules of class I (HLA-ABC) and of class II (HLA-DR), as well as the monocyte marker CD14, seemed to be reduced by treatment with dCGN (Fig. 4B).
T198 22847-22909 Sentence denotes However, these differences were not statistically significant.
T199 22910-23009 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g004 Figure 4 Degraded CGN stimulated ICAM-1 expression in monocytes.
T200 23010-23179 Sentence denotes Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) or THP-1 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 24 h before being stained for various cell surface antigens.
T201 23180-23235 Sentence denotes Antigen expression was then analyzed by flow cytometry.
T202 23236-23238 Sentence denotes A:
T203 23239-23356 Sentence denotes Histograms of ICAM-1 expression in cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T204 23357-23359 Sentence denotes B:
T205 23360-23539 Sentence denotes Fluorescence intensity for expression of the antigens HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD14, ICAM-1, and CD58 in cells treated with medium only (control), 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or 40 kDa dCGN (C40).
T206 23540-23562 Sentence denotes Data are mean +/− SEM.
T207 23565-23688 Sentence denotes Treatment with dCGN also induced a strong aggregation of monocytes, detected by phase contrast inverse microscopy (Fig. 5).
T208 23689-23883 Sentence denotes Although this effect was easily observed in monocytes incubated with the 10 kDa dCGN (Fig. 5B), a more robust cell aggregation was observed in monocytes incubated with the 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 5C).
T209 23884-23979 Sentence denotes ICAM-1 has been proposed to be the main adhesion molecule responsible for monocyte aggregation.
T210 23980-24149 Sentence denotes To confirm this, monocytes were incubated with both types of dCGN in the presence of an anti-ICAM-1 antibody, an anti-CD58 antibody and an isotype control IgG1 antibody.
T211 24150-24325 Sentence denotes The anti-ICAM-1 antibody effectively blocked the cell aggregates induced by dCGN (Fig. 5D, 5E), strongly suggesting that indeed ICAM-1 is responsible for monocyte aggregation.
T212 24326-24428 Sentence denotes Both the control IgG1 and the anti-CD58 antibody did not modify monocyte aggregation (data not shown).
T213 24429-24525 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g005 Figure 5 Degraded CGN induced monocytes aggregation in vitro.
T214 24526-24702 Sentence denotes Monocytes were incubated in the absence (A) or the presence of 1 mg/ml 10 kDa dCGN (B), 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN (C), or 1 mg/ml 40 kDa dCGN plus 2.5 µg/ml anti-ICAM-1 antibody (D).
T215 24703-24782 Sentence denotes Cells were observed by phase contrast inverse microscopy at 150X magnification.
T216 24783-24849 Sentence denotes Inserts in A and B show a close up of cells at 300X magnification.
T217 24850-24852 Sentence denotes E:
T218 24853-25012 Sentence denotes Number of monocyte aggregates in 24 wells plate of PBM cell cultured with nothing (control), with 10 kDa degraded CGN (C10), or with 40 kDa degraded CGN (C40).
T219 25013-25067 Sentence denotes Some cultures had also 2.5 µg/ml anti-ICAM-1 antibody.
T220 25068-25090 Sentence denotes Data are mean +/− SEM.
T221 25092-25159 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce an Increase in ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA Expression
T222 25160-25296 Sentence denotes The increase in surface ICAM-1 expression and TNF-α production by monocytes correlated with an upregulation of mRNA for these molecules.
T223 25297-25451 Sentence denotes Both 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN induced a robust increase in mRNA for both ICAM-1 and TNF-α (Fig. 6). β-actin mRNA levels were not affected by dCGN treatment.
T224 25452-25566 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g006 Figure 6 Degraded CGN stimulated ICAM-1 and TNF-α gene expression in monocytes.
T225 25567-25762 Sentence denotes Representative samples of RT-PCR analysis showing over expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-α after stimulation of monocytes with 1 g/l of degraded CGN. β-actin expression was used as normalization gene.
T226 25764-25820 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN Induce IκB Degradation and NF-κB Activation
T227 25821-25917 Sentence denotes The expression of genes encoding for ICAM-1 and TNF-α is controlled by the nuclear factor NF-κB.
T228 25918-26063 Sentence denotes Site-specific phosphorylation of the inhibitor IκB leads to its degradation by proteasome and to a consequential activation of the NF-κB pathway.
T229 26064-26237 Sentence denotes Using a reporter plasmid for NF-κB activation, it was confirmed that dCGN induced a strong activation of NF-κB, as reflected by an increase in luciferase activity (Fig. 7A).
T230 26238-26314 Sentence denotes Both forms of dCGN used induced NF-κB activation in a dose dependent manner.
T231 26315-26390 Sentence denotes However, the effect was more strongly induced by the 40 kDa dCGN (Fig. 7A).
T232 26391-26528 Sentence denotes These results were further confirmed by directly detecting NF-κB in the cell nucleus by Western blotting (Fig. 7C) and by FACS (Fig. 7D).
T233 26529-26614 Sentence denotes These assays also allowed us to determine what NF-κB subunits were activated by dCGN.
T234 26615-26705 Sentence denotes Both forms (10 or 40 kDa) of dCGN induced activation of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB.
T235 26706-26825 Sentence denotes This nuclear factor was present in low levels in the cell nucleus and increased considerably after treatment with dCGN.
T236 26826-26927 Sentence denotes Western blots suggested the the 40 kDa form of dCGN induced a stronger activation of NF-κB (Fig. 7C).
T237 26928-27075 Sentence denotes A more sentive assay for nuclear factor activation is flow cytometry of nuclei stained with specific antibodies for the nuclear factor of interest.
T238 27076-27217 Sentence denotes In agreement with the previous data, FACS analysis of nuclei from THP-1 cells showed that there was a basal level of nuclear NF-κB (Fig. 7D).
T239 27218-27346 Sentence denotes Again, both forms (10 or 40 kDa) of dCGN induced an increase of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB in the nucleus of these cells.
T240 27347-27415 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa degraded CGN gave a stronger increase of NF-κB (Fig. 7D).
T241 27416-27533 Sentence denotes These data strongly suggest that the heterodimer p50/p65 is the NF-κB isoform activated by degraded CGN in monocytes.
T242 27534-27636 Sentence denotes In addition, degradation of the inhibitor IκBα was also observed in cells treated with dCGN (Fig. 7B).
T243 27637-27791 Sentence denotes No significant IκBα degradation was detected within two hours of dCGN treatment, but IκBα was markedly degraded by four hours of dCGN treatment (Fig. 7B).
T244 27792-27942 Sentence denotes We focused on IκBα subunit, since it masks the nuclear localisation sequence of p65, it is the most rapidly degraded subunit and the most studied one.
T245 27943-28041 Sentence denotes 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g007 Figure 7 Degraded CGN activated the NF-kB pathway in monocytes.
T246 28042-28137 Sentence denotes A: THP-1 cells were transfected with a NF-κB reporter plasmid driving expression of luciferase.
T247 28138-28238 Sentence denotes Cells were then treated with various concentrations of 10 kDa (triangles), or 40 kDa dCGN (squares).
T248 28239-28375 Sentence denotes B: THP-1 cells treated with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) were lysed after various periods of time.
T249 28376-28494 Sentence denotes Proteins in cell extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and then Western blotted for IκBα or α−tubulin as loading control.
T250 28495-28497 Sentence denotes C:
T251 28498-28555 Sentence denotes Degraded carrageenans (dCGN) induced activation of NF-κB.
T252 28556-28703 Sentence denotes THP-1 cells were treated with nothing (control), or with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) for 30 minutes at 37°C.
T253 28704-28735 Sentence denotes Nuclei were isolated and lysed.
T254 28736-28871 Sentence denotes Proteins in nuclear extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and then Western blotted for NF-κB p50 subunit (p50) or NF-κB p65 subunit (p65).
T255 28872-28973 Sentence denotes Lower panels show Western blots of nuclear ERK revealing equivalent amount of protein in each sample.
T256 28974-29028 Sentence denotes Data are representative of three separate experiments.
T257 29029-29031 Sentence denotes D:
T258 29032-29088 Sentence denotes Degraded carrageenan (dCGN) induced activation of NF-κB.
T259 29089-29335 Sentence denotes Nuclei isolated from THP-1 cells were fluorescence-stained for NF-κB p50 subunit or NF-κB p65 subunit before (filled area) or after cells were treated with 1 mg/ml of 10 kDa dCGN (C10), or with 1 mg/ml of 40 kDa dCGN (C40) for 30 minutes at 37°C.
T260 29336-29420 Sentence denotes Dashed line corresponds to nuclei stained only with secondary fluorescence antibody.
T261 29421-29488 Sentence denotes Fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry as described.
T262 29490-29500 Sentence denotes Discussion
T263 29501-29624 Sentence denotes Inflammation of the intestinal tract is usually associated with infiltration and activation of intestinal macrophages [17].
T264 29625-29779 Sentence denotes These macrophages are able to initiate immune responses and can be induced to differentiate into cells that either exacerbate or inhibit the inflammation.
T265 29780-30004 Sentence denotes Accumulation of different types of leukocytes, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa during inflammation, is normally followed by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [33].
T266 30005-30102 Sentence denotes Several stimuli can induce these leukocytes to produce and secrete cytokines during inflammation.
T267 30103-30209 Sentence denotes One of the most potent and known stimuli for leukocyte activation is LPS from Gram-negative bacteria [34].
T268 30210-30318 Sentence denotes In addition, other factors are also able to stimulate cytokine secretion from various leukocytes [35], [36].
T269 30319-30450 Sentence denotes One such factor is CGN, a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae) [1], [2].
T270 30451-30523 Sentence denotes Native CGN is widely used as a food additive (E 407) to improve texture.
T271 30524-30573 Sentence denotes It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
T272 30574-30764 Sentence denotes Although native form CGN (200–800 kDa) has been declared harmless to humans [8], its degraded forms (<50 kDa), also known as poligeenan, are widely used to induce colitis in rodents [3]–[5].
T273 30765-30879 Sentence denotes These degraded CGN may also have a possible carcinogenic effect [4], [6]–[8]; however this is still controversial.
T274 30880-31151 Sentence denotes Although acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) is required for CGN hydrolysis in vitro to lower molecular weight dCGN, it is probable that some dCGN are produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12].
T275 31152-31245 Sentence denotes Thus, understanding the mechanisms of dCGN-induced bowel inflammation is of great importance.
T276 31246-31352 Sentence denotes In this report, we have analyzed the role of human monocytes (PBM and THP-1) in dCGN-induced inflammation.
T277 31353-31607 Sentence denotes Preliminary in vivo studies in rats treated with dCGN revealed significant shortening of the large intestine associated with an inflammatory state, i.e. strong infiltration of macrophages to the intestinal mucosa similar to DSS-induced inflammation [20].
T278 31608-31810 Sentence denotes Using two fractions of dCGN (10 and 40 kDa), we observed a strong correlation between the severity of the inflammation and the dCGN molecular size, thus confirming the size related inflammation in vivo.
T279 31811-31936 Sentence denotes This macrophage accumulation was not due to cell proliferation because dCGN inhibited THP-1 monocytes proliferation in vitro.
T280 31937-32076 Sentence denotes These results are similar to those obtained with human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460 cell line) exposed to native CGN for 1–8 days [37].
T281 32077-32231 Sentence denotes Thus, it seems that dCGN promote macrophage infiltration by recruiting new cells to the inflamed intestinal mucosa and not by inducing cell proliferation.
T282 32232-32401 Sentence denotes In addition, very few polymorphonuclear cells were detected in the mucosa at the time point analyzed as demonstrated by a very low level of MPO in the intestinal tissue.
T283 32402-32527 Sentence denotes These results suggest that monocytes might produce cytokines associated with activation into macrophages in response to dCGN.
T284 32528-32616 Sentence denotes Thus, we analyzed the production of TNF by both PBM and THP-1 cells in response to dCGN.
T285 32617-32678 Sentence denotes Degraded CGN induced a robust production of TNF by monocytes.
T286 32679-32779 Sentence denotes The 40 kDa form of dCGN was more potent for monocyte stimulation than the 10 kDa or the native ones.
T287 32780-32986 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, monocyte activation by dCGN to produce TNF was much stronger than the activation induced by LPS, an inflammatory factor considered to be among the most potent stimuli for leukocyte activation.
T288 32987-33089 Sentence denotes These results underline the fact that partially degraded forms of CGN have important cellular effects.
T289 33090-33198 Sentence denotes The amount of TNF secreted by PBM induced with LPS was much larger than the one secreted by THP-1 monocytes.
T290 33199-33421 Sentence denotes Since monocyte activation by LPS is associated with the presence of the CD14 and TLR4 receptors [38]–[40], the different response observed could be due to the different expression of these receptors in PBM and THP-1 cells.
T291 33422-33491 Sentence denotes CD14 is not expressed by THP-1 monocytes, but it is expressed by PBM.
T292 33492-33650 Sentence denotes This fact could explain why THP-1 cells produced a much smaller response to LPS than PBM and also the difference of kinetics in the LPS induced TNF secretion.
T293 33651-33826 Sentence denotes The peak of TNF response was observed after 8 h stimulation followed by a rapid decrease to baseline at 10 h, whereas on THP-1 cells the peak was not reached until after 56 h.
T294 33827-33939 Sentence denotes Moreover, the amount of TNF secreted by monocytes induced with dCGN was much larger than the one induced by LPS.
T295 33940-34034 Sentence denotes On the other hand, LPS and dCGN displayed a very different TNF secretion curve in THP-1 cells.
T296 34035-34121 Sentence denotes These differences suggest that dCGN and LPS could use different activation mechanisms.
T297 34122-34245 Sentence denotes It is noteworthy that neutralizing antibody to CD14 only partially (<40%) inhibited dCGN-induced TNF secretion (not shown).
T298 34246-34358 Sentence denotes TLR4 has been recently identified as a surface membrane receptor for CGN in human colonic epithelial cells [41].
T299 34359-34453 Sentence denotes Thus, it is possible that TLR4 is activated by dCGN to induce cytokine secretion by monocytes.
T300 34454-34595 Sentence denotes We can only speculate that TLR4 may have a higher affinity-binding site for dCGN than for LPS, however, this hypothesis remains to be tested.
T301 34596-34788 Sentence denotes Another indicator that dCGN stimulate monocytes leading to a more active phenotype is the fact that surface expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was enhanced in both PBM and THP-1 cells.
T302 34789-34939 Sentence denotes The over expression of ICAM-1 caused the activated monocytes to form cell aggregates that were more abundant among cells treated with the 40 kDa dCGN.
T303 34940-35092 Sentence denotes This correlates with the higher expression of ICAM-1 induced by the 40 kDa dCGN, suggesting that the partially degraded CGN is more biologically active.
T304 35093-35248 Sentence denotes In addition, the cell aggregates are reminiscent of monocyte aggregates, which form multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in patients with Crohn's disease [42].
T305 35249-35352 Sentence denotes These giant cells were not observed in healthy individuals or in patients with ulcerative colitis [42].
T306 35353-35496 Sentence denotes Moreover, increased expression levels of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 (CD58) were also detected in monocytes from patients with Crohn's disease [43], [44].
T307 35497-35760 Sentence denotes Thus, degraded CGN clearly can activate monocytes to express an increased number of ICAM-1 adhesion molecules, therefore being capable of creating the conditions characteristic of Crohn's disease symptomatology, i.e. PBM accumulation and MGC formation [45], [46].
T308 35761-35839 Sentence denotes The NF-κB pathway regulates genes responsible for ICAM-1 and TNF-α expression.
T309 35840-35926 Sentence denotes NF-κB activation is associated with the degradation of the inhibitor protein IκB [47].
T310 35927-36121 Sentence denotes Indeed, dCGN induced NF-κB activation as shown by degradation of IκBα, translocation of p65 and p50 sub-units to the nucleus and by activation of an NF-κB-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid.
T311 36122-36287 Sentence denotes Again, a stronger activation of NF-κB was induced by the 40 kDa dCGN compared to 10 kDa dCGN, suggesting that the partially degraded CGN is more biologically active.
T312 36288-36432 Sentence denotes Our data are in agreement with a previous study showing that native CGN also induced activation of NF-κB in human colonic epithelial cells [48].
T313 36433-36622 Sentence denotes NF-κB pathway is often associated to promote cell survival and cancer cell growth, however it has been sometimes reported to behave as a tumor suppressor, arresting cell proliferation [49].
T314 36623-36747 Sentence denotes Such relationship between NF-kB activation and cell cycle regulation has been reported in normal human epidermal cells [50].
T315 36748-36873 Sentence denotes Indeed, it has been shown that NF-κB activation suppressed cdk4 expression, which is necessary for the transition to S phase.
T316 36874-37019 Sentence denotes Finally, NF-κB activation was reported to induce growth arrest in normal human keratinocytes by a mechanims involving the cdk inhibitor p21 [51].
T317 37020-37088 Sentence denotes The effects of dCGN on p21 and cdk4 expression remain to be studied.
T318 37089-37165 Sentence denotes In these studies, we have demonstrated a direct action of dCGN on monocytes.
T319 37166-37335 Sentence denotes Monocytes exposed to dCGN acquired an inflammatory phenotype that included higher expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and TNF-α production, via the NF-κB pathway.
T320 37336-37469 Sentence denotes This higher expression of ICAM-1 resulted in formation of cell aggregates similar to those observed in patients with Crohn's disease.
T321 37470-37638 Sentence denotes We presume that the differential effects of 10 and 40 kDa dCGN to induce these effects on monocytes are tightly linked to their capacity to induce inflammation in vivo.
T322 37639-37769 Sentence denotes However, in vivo, macrophages do not come in direct contact with the intestinal lumen and are separated by the epithelial barrier.
T323 37770-37912 Sentence denotes The way by which dCGN may leave the intestinal lumen and cross the epithelial barrier to reach the macrophages is an intriguing open question.
T324 37913-38076 Sentence denotes One possible explanation resides in the potential of dCGN to “induce” cellular and paracellular injurious effects at the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer [48].
T325 38077-38334 Sentence denotes In conclusion, dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, accumulating the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation in vitro, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion.
T326 38335-38435 Sentence denotes These responses were more pronounced following 40 kDa dCGN, and were all linked to NF-κB activation.
T327 38436-38613 Sentence denotes These results suggest that, although CGN is widely used as a food additive, its degraded forms have an important effect on monocytes characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype.

events-check-again

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue Negation Speculation
T644 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T645 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T646 53-56 Protein denotes TNF
T647 57-66 Localization denotes Secretion
T648 71-77 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T649 78-90 Positive_regulation denotes Upregulation
T650 104-111 Positive_regulation denotes through
T651 104-111 Positive_regulation denotes through
T652 655-661 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T653 662-679 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T654 974-983 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T655 984-990 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T656 991-1001 Gene_expression denotes expression
T657 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T658 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T659 1220-1225 Protein denotes TNF-α
T660 1226-1236 Gene_expression denotes expression
T661 1241-1250 Localization denotes secretion
T2022 2769-2773 Protein denotes IL-8
T2023 2774-2784 Gene_expression denotes production
T2024 2839-2842 Positive_regulation denotes via
T2025 4129-4138 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T2026 4139-4145 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T2027 4146-4156 Gene_expression denotes expression
T2028 4169-4175 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T2029 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T2030 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T2031 4223-4228 Protein denotes TNF-α
T2032 4229-4239 Gene_expression denotes expression
T2033 4244-4253 Localization denotes secretion
T3652 8374-8389 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T3653 8391-8394 Protein denotes MPO
T3654 8450-8453 Protein denotes MPO
T3655 8462-8471 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T4725 10963-10966 Protein denotes TNF
T4726 11160-11165 Protein denotes TNF-α
T4727 11166-11167 Protein denotes β
T4728 11264-11267 Protein denotes TNF
T5210 12041-12048 Protein denotes β-actin
T5211 12176-12181 Protein denotes TNF-α
T5212 12312-12318 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T5452 12708-12718 Protein denotes luciferase
T5453 12899-12909 Protein denotes Luciferase
T6440 13595-13600 Protein denotes I-κBα
T7124 16230-16245 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T8141 878-17731 Positive_regulation denotes inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced
T8142 17732-17737 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8143 17738-17748 Gene_expression denotes Production
T8144 17814-17823 Positive_regulation denotes stimulate true
T8145 17824-17829 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8146 17830-17840 Gene_expression denotes production
T8147 17946-17951 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8148 17957-17964 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T8149 17978-17989 Positive_regulation denotes stimulation
T8150 18051-18059 Positive_regulation denotes resulted
T8151 18087-18095 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8152 18099-18104 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8153 18105-18115 Gene_expression denotes production
T8154 18140-18149 Regulation denotes dependent
T8155 18262-18270 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8156 18274-18279 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8157 18280-18290 Gene_expression denotes production
T8158 18338-18343 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8159 18344-18354 Gene_expression denotes production
T8160 18355-18364 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T8161 18459-18467 Localization denotes secreted
T8162 18468-18473 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8163 18507-18512 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8164 18579-18586 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T8165 18587-18592 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8166 18593-18603 Gene_expression denotes production
T8167 18668-18673 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8168 18674-18682 Gene_expression denotes produced
T8169 18683-18685 Positive_regulation denotes by
T8170 18719-18727 Gene_expression denotes produced
T8171 18728-18730 Positive_regulation denotes by
T8172 18900-18908 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8173 18912-18917 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8174 18918-18928 Gene_expression denotes production
T8175 18940-18953 Positive_regulation denotes This increase
T8176 18957-18962 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8177 18963-18973 Gene_expression denotes production
T8178 19060-19065 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8179 19070-19078 Localization denotes released true
T8180 19131-19136 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8181 19137-19147 Gene_expression denotes production
T8182 19176-19185 Regulation denotes dependent true
T8183 19315-19320 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8184 19321-19328 Localization denotes release
T9529 21910-21916 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9530 21917-21927 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T9531 21931-21938 Positive_regulation denotes Induced
T9532 22318-22328 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T9533 22329-22339 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9534 22343-22349 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9535 22351-22355 Protein denotes CD54
T9536 22395-22403 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9537 22407-22413 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9538 22414-22424 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9539 22516-22556 Protein denotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
T9540 22558-22562 Protein denotes CD58
T9541 22577-22584 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T9542 22651-22661 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9543 22770-22785 Protein denotes monocyte marker
T9544 22786-22790 Protein denotes CD14
T9545 22805-22812 Negative_regulation denotes reduced true
T9546 23884-23890 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9547 24278-24284 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9829 25105-25111 Positive_regulation denotes Induce
T9830 25105-25111 Positive_regulation denotes Induce
T9831 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9832 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9833 25127-25133 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9834 25138-25143 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9835 25144-25159 Transcription denotes mRNA Expression
T9836 25144-25159 Transcription denotes mRNA Expression
T9837 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9838 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9839 25184-25190 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9840 25191-25201 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9841 25206-25211 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9842 25212-25222 Gene_expression denotes production
T9843 25255-25267 Positive_regulation denotes upregulation
T9844 25255-25267 Positive_regulation denotes upregulation
T9845 25325-25332 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T9846 25325-25332 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T9847 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9848 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9849 25368-25374 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9850 25379-25384 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9851 25395-25402 Protein denotes β-actin
T9852 25424-25432 Regulation denotes affected true
T11037 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11038 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11039 25858-25864 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11040 25869-25874 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11041 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T11042 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T11043 26195-26203 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11044 26207-26217 Protein denotes luciferase
T11045 26576-26590 Protein denotes NF-κB subunits
T11046 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11047 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11048 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11049 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11050 26675-26678 Protein denotes p50
T11051 26683-26686 Protein denotes p65
T11052 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11053 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11054 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11055 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11056 27286-27289 Protein denotes p50
T11057 27294-27297 Protein denotes p65
T11058 27547-27558 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T11059 27566-27575 Protein denotes inhibitor
T11060 27576-27580 Protein denotes IκBα
T11061 27652-27656 Protein denotes IκBα
T11062 27657-27668 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation true
T11063 27722-27726 Protein denotes IκBα
T11064 27740-27748 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T11065 27806-27810 Protein denotes IκBα
T11066 27829-27834 Negative_regulation denotes masks
T11067 27839-27868 Entity denotes nuclear localisation sequence
T11068 27872-27875 Protein denotes p65
T11069 27900-27908 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T15327 32550-32560 Gene_expression denotes production
T15328 32564-32567 Protein denotes TNF
T15329 32596-32610 Positive_regulation denotes in response to
T15330 32630-32637 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15331 32647-32657 Gene_expression denotes production
T15332 32661-32664 Protein denotes TNF
T15333 32825-32832 Gene_expression denotes produce
T15334 32833-32836 Protein denotes TNF
T15335 33104-33107 Protein denotes TNF
T15336 33108-33116 Localization denotes secreted
T15337 33124-33131 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15338 33170-33178 Localization denotes secreted
T15339 33255-33263 Localization denotes presence
T15340 33255-33263 Localization denotes presence
T15341 33271-33275 Protein denotes CD14
T15342 33280-33294 Protein denotes TLR4 receptors
T15343 33368-33378 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15344 33368-33378 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15345 33422-33426 Protein denotes CD14
T15346 33434-33443 Gene_expression denotes expressed true
T15347 33474-33483 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T15348 33628-33635 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15349 33636-33639 Protein denotes TNF
T15350 33640-33649 Localization denotes secretion
T15351 33663-33666 Protein denotes TNF
T15352 33667-33675 Regulation denotes response
T15353 33731-33739 Negative_regulation denotes decrease
T15354 33851-33854 Protein denotes TNF
T15355 33855-33863 Localization denotes secreted
T15356 33877-33884 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15357 33999-34002 Protein denotes TNF
T15358 34003-34012 Localization denotes secretion
T15359 34196-34205 Negative_regulation denotes inhibited
T15360 34211-34218 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15361 34219-34222 Protein denotes TNF
T15362 34223-34232 Localization denotes secretion
T15363 34246-34250 Protein denotes TLR4
T15364 34302-34310 Protein denotes receptor
T15365 34385-34389 Protein denotes TLR4
T15366 34393-34402 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T15367 34481-34485 Protein denotes TLR4
T15368 34704-34714 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15369 34722-34739 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T15370 34740-34746 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15371 34751-34759 Positive_regulation denotes enhanced
T15372 34798-34808 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15373 34812-34818 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15374 34972-34982 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15375 34986-34992 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15376 34993-35000 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15377 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15378 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15379 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15380 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15381 35394-35400 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15382 35405-35410 Protein denotes LFA-3
T15383 35412-35416 Protein denotes CD58
T15384 35550-35557 Gene_expression denotes express
T15385 35561-35570 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15386 35581-35587 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15387 35588-35606 Protein denotes adhesion molecules
T15388 35779-35788 Regulation denotes regulates
T15389 35779-35788 Regulation denotes regulates
T15390 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T15391 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T15392 35811-35817 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15393 35822-35827 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15394 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15395 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15396 35977-35988 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T15397 35992-35996 Protein denotes IκBα
T15398 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T15399 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T15400 36015-36018 Protein denotes p65
T15401 36023-36026 Protein denotes p50
T15402 36044-36051 Entity denotes nucleus
T15403 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15404 36082-36092 Regulation denotes responsive
T15405 36093-36103 Protein denotes luciferase
T15406 36796-36806 Negative_regulation denotes suppressed
T15407 36807-36811 Protein denotes cdk4
T15408 36812-36822 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15409 37010-37013 Protein denotes p21
T15410 37024-37031 Regulation denotes effects true
T15411 37024-37031 Regulation denotes effects true
T15412 37043-37046 Protein denotes p21
T15413 37051-37055 Protein denotes cdk4
T15414 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15415 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15416 37241-37247 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T15417 37241-37247 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T15418 37248-37258 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15419 37284-37290 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15420 37295-37300 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15421 37301-37311 Gene_expression denotes production
T15422 37341-37347 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T15423 37348-37358 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15424 37362-37368 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15425 37536-37542 Positive_regulation denotes induce
T15426 38200-38209 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15427 38210-38216 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15428 38217-38227 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15429 38240-38246 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15430 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T15431 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T15432 38303-38308 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15433 38309-38319 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15434 38324-38333 Localization denotes secretion
T16307 19527-19537 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T16308 19538-19541 Protein denotes TNF
T16309 19542-19551 Localization denotes secretion
T16310 19578-19581 Protein denotes TNF
T16311 19582-19590 Localization denotes released
T16312 19683-19686 Protein denotes TNF
T16313 19687-19694 Localization denotes release
T16314 19695-19702 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16315 19799-19802 Protein denotes TNF
T16316 19803-19810 Localization denotes release
T16317 19811-19818 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16318 19972-19975 Protein denotes TNF
T16319 19976-19983 Localization denotes release
T16320 19984-19991 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16321 20155-20158 Protein denotes TNF
T16322 20159-20166 Localization denotes release
T16323 20167-20174 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16957 22967-22977 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T16958 22978-22984 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16959 22985-22995 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16960 23253-23259 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16961 23260-23270 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16962 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16963 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16964 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16965 23431-23435 Protein denotes CD14
T16966 23437-23443 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16967 23449-23453 Protein denotes CD58
T17442 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17443 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17444 25520-25526 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17445 25531-25536 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17446 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17447 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17448 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17449 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17450 25636-25642 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17451 25647-25652 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17452 25712-25719 Protein denotes β-actin
T17453 25720-25730 Gene_expression denotes expression
T18190 28104-28111 Positive_regulation denotes driving true
T18191 28112-28122 Gene_expression denotes expression
T18192 28126-28136 Protein denotes luciferase
T18193 28457-28461 Protein denotes IκBα
T18194 28826-28829 Protein denotes p50
T18195 28839-28842 Protein denotes p50
T18196 28853-28856 Protein denotes p65
T18197 28866-28869 Protein denotes p65
T18198 29158-29161 Protein denotes p50
T18199 29179-29182 Protein denotes p65
R524 T644 T650 themeOf Induces,through
R525 T645 T651 themeOf Induces,through
R526 T646 T647 themeOf TNF,Secretion
R527 T647 T644 themeOf Secretion,Induces
R528 T648 T649 themeOf ICAM-1,Upregulation
R529 T649 T645 themeOf Upregulation,Induces
R530 T655 T656 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R531 T656 T654 themeOf expression,increased
R532 T659 T660 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R533 T659 T661 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R534 T660 T658 themeOf expression,stimulated
R535 T661 T657 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R1759 T2022 T2023 themeOf IL-8,production
R1760 T2023 T2024 themeOf production,via
R1761 T2026 T2027 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R1762 T2027 T2025 themeOf expression,increased
R1763 T2031 T2032 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R1764 T2031 T2033 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R1765 T2032 T2029 themeOf expression,stimulated
R1766 T2033 T2030 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R3269 T3653 T3652 equivalentTo MPO,myeloperoxidase
R3270 T3654 T3655 themeOf MPO,expressed
R7185 T8142 T8143 themeOf TNF-α,Production
R7186 T8143 T8141 themeOf Production,"inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced"
R7187 T8145 T8146 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7188 T8146 T8144 themeOf production,stimulate
R7189 T8147 T8148 themeOf TNF-α,induced
R7190 T8148 T8149 themeOf induced,stimulation
R7191 T8150 T8154 themeOf resulted,dependent
R7192 T8151 T8150 themeOf increase,resulted
R7193 T8152 T8153 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7194 T8153 T8151 themeOf production,increase
R7195 T8156 T8157 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7196 T8157 T8155 themeOf production,increase
R7197 T8158 T8159 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7198 T8159 T8160 themeOf production,increased
R7199 T8162 T8161 themeOf TNF-α,secreted
R7200 T8165 T8166 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7201 T8166 T8164 themeOf production,induced
R7202 T8167 T8168 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R7203 T8167 T8170 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R7204 T8168 T8169 themeOf produced,by
R7205 T8170 T8171 themeOf produced,by
R7206 T8173 T8174 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7207 T8174 T8172 themeOf production,increase
R7208 T8176 T8177 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7209 T8177 T8175 themeOf production,This increase
R7210 T8178 T8179 themeOf TNF-α,released
R7211 T8180 T8181 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7212 T8181 T8182 themeOf production,dependent
R7213 T8183 T8184 themeOf TNF-α,release
R8387 T9529 T9530 themeOf ICAM-1,Expression
R8388 T9530 T9531 themeOf Expression,Induced
R8389 T9533 T9532 themeOf expression,stimulated
R8390 T9534 T9533 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8391 T9535 T9534 equivalentTo CD54,ICAM-1
R8392 T9537 T9538 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8393 T9538 T9536 themeOf expression,increase
R8394 T9539 T9541 themeOf lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3,reduced
R8395 T9540 T9539 equivalentTo CD58,lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
R8396 T9542 T9545 themeOf expression,reduced
R8397 T9544 T9542 themeOf CD14,expression
R8608 T9831 T9829 themeOf Increase,Induce
R8609 T9832 T9830 themeOf Increase,Induce
R8610 T9833 T9835 themeOf ICAM-1,mRNA Expression
R8611 T9834 T9836 themeOf TNF-α,mRNA Expression
R8612 T9835 T9831 themeOf mRNA Expression,Increase
R8613 T9836 T9832 themeOf mRNA Expression,Increase
R8614 T9839 T9840 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8615 T9839 T9844 themeOf ICAM-1,upregulation
R8616 T9840 T9838 themeOf expression,increase
R8617 T9841 T9842 themeOf TNF-α,production
R8618 T9841 T9843 themeOf TNF-α,upregulation
R8619 T9842 T9837 themeOf production,increase
R8620 T9847 T9846 themeOf increase,induced
R8621 T9848 T9845 themeOf increase,induced
R8622 T9849 T9848 themeOf ICAM-1,increase
R8623 T9850 T9847 themeOf TNF-α,increase
R8624 T9851 T9852 themeOf β-actin,affected
R9542 T11037 T11042 themeOf expression,controlled
R9543 T11038 T11041 themeOf expression,controlled
R9544 T11039 T11038 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9545 T11040 T11037 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9546 T11044 T11043 themeOf luciferase,increase
R9547 T11048 T11046 themeOf activation,induced
R9548 T11049 T11047 themeOf activation,induced
R9549 T11050 T11049 themeOf p50,activation
R9550 T11051 T11048 themeOf p65,activation
R9551 T11054 T11053 themeOf increase,induced
R9552 T11055 T11052 themeOf increase,induced
R9553 T11056 T11055 themeOf p50,increase
R9554 T11057 T11054 themeOf p65,increase
R9555 T11060 T11058 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R9556 T11061 T11062 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R9557 T11063 T11064 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R9558 T11065 T11066 causeOf IκBα,masks
R9559 T11065 T11069 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R9560 T11067 T11066 themeOf nuclear localisation sequence,masks
R9561 T11067 T11068 partOf nuclear localisation sequence,p65
R13161 T15327 T15329 themeOf production,in response to
R13163 T15328 T15327 themeOf TNF,production
R13166 T15331 T15330 themeOf production,induced
R13169 T15332 T15331 themeOf TNF,production
R13171 T15334 T15333 themeOf TNF,produce
R13174 T15335 T15336 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13176 T15335 T15338 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13177 T15336 T15337 themeOf secreted,induced
R13184 T15341 T15339 themeOf CD14,presence
R13188 T15341 T15344 themeOf CD14,expression
R13190 T15342 T15340 themeOf TLR4 receptors,presence
R13194 T15342 T15343 themeOf TLR4 receptors,expression
R13195 T15345 T15346 themeOf CD14,expressed
R13198 T15345 T15347 themeOf CD14,expressed
R13202 T15349 T15350 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13207 T15350 T15348 themeOf secretion,induced
R13208 T15351 T15352 themeOf TNF,response
R13211 T15352 T15353 themeOf response,decrease
R13214 T15354 T15355 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13218 T15355 T15356 themeOf secreted,induced
R13221 T15357 T15358 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13224 T15360 T15359 themeOf induced,inhibited
R13227 T15361 T15362 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13232 T15362 T15360 themeOf secretion,induced
R13233 T15365 T15366 themeOf TLR4,activated
R13234 T15368 T15371 themeOf expression,enhanced
R13235 T15384 T15385 themeOf express,increased
R13236 T15370 T15368 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13237 T15386 T15384 themeOf ICAM-1,express
R13238 T15373 T15372 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13239 T15390 T15388 themeOf responsible,regulates
R13240 T15391 T15389 themeOf responsible,regulates
R13241 T15392 T15395 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13242 T15393 T15394 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R13243 T15394 T15391 themeOf expression,responsible
R13244 T15374 T15376 themeOf expression,induced
R13245 T15395 T15390 themeOf expression,responsible
R13246 T15397 T15396 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R13247 T15375 T15374 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13248 T15379 T15377 themeOf expression,increased
R13249 T15380 T15378 themeOf expression,increased
R13250 T15400 T15399 themeOf p65,translocation
R13251 T15381 T15380 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13252 T15401 T15398 themeOf p50,translocation
R13253 T15402 T15399 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R13254 T15402 T15398 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R13255 T15382 T15379 themeOf LFA-3,expression
R13256 T15404 T15403 themeOf responsive,activation
R13257 T15405 T15404 themeOf luciferase,responsive
R13258 T15383 T15382 equivalentTo CD58,LFA-3
R13260 T15407 T15408 themeOf cdk4,expression
R13262 T15408 T15406 themeOf expression,suppressed
R13263 T15412 T15415 themeOf p21,expression
R13264 T15413 T15414 themeOf cdk4,expression
R13266 T15414 T15410 themeOf expression,effects
R13267 T15415 T15411 themeOf expression,effects
R13269 T15418 T15417 themeOf expression,higher
R13270 T15419 T15418 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13272 T15420 T15421 themeOf TNF-α,production
R13273 T15421 T15416 themeOf production,higher
R13274 T15422 T15425 themeOf higher,induce
R13276 T15423 T15422 themeOf expression,higher
R13277 T15424 T15423 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13280 T15427 T15428 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13281 T15428 T15426 themeOf expression,increased
R13284 T15432 T15433 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R13285 T15432 T15434 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R13286 T15433 T15431 themeOf expression,stimulated
R13287 T15434 T15430 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13992 T16308 T16309 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13993 T16309 T16307 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13994 T16310 T16311 themeOf TNF,released
R13995 T16312 T16313 themeOf TNF,release
R13996 T16313 T16314 themeOf release,induced
R13997 T16315 T16316 themeOf TNF,release
R13998 T16316 T16317 themeOf release,induced
R13999 T16318 T16319 themeOf TNF,release
R14000 T16319 T16320 themeOf release,induced
R14001 T16321 T16322 themeOf TNF,release
R14002 T16322 T16323 themeOf release,induced
R14531 T16958 T16959 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14532 T16959 T16957 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14533 T16960 T16961 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14534 T16965 T16963 themeOf CD14,expression
R14535 T16966 T16962 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14536 T16967 T16964 themeOf CD58,expression
R14922 T17444 T17447 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14923 T17445 T17446 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14924 T17446 T17443 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14925 T17447 T17442 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14926 T17450 T17448 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14927 T17451 T17449 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14928 T17452 T17453 themeOf β-actin,expression
R15548 T18191 T18190 themeOf expression,driving
R15549 T18192 T18191 themeOf luciferase,expression
R15550 T18195 T18194 equivalentTo p50,p50
R15551 T18197 T18196 equivalentTo p65,p65

bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference-tees

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T662 53-56 Protein denotes TNF
T663 112-117 Protein denotes NF-κB
T664 57-66 Localization denotes Secretion
T665 78-90 Positive_regulation denotes Upregulation
T666 118-128 Positive_regulation denotes Activation
T667 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T668 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T669 655-679 Protein denotes ICAM-1 adhesion molecule
T671 991-1001 Gene_expression denotes expression
T672 974-983 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T673 1089-1093 Protein denotes dCGN
T674 1173-1193 Protein denotes anti-ICAM-1 antibody
T675 1204-1208 Protein denotes dCGN
T676 1220-1225 Protein denotes TNF-α
T677 1226-1236 Gene_expression denotes expression
T678 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T679 1313-1318 Protein denotes NF-κB
T680 1319-1329 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T681 1386-1389 Protein denotes CGN
T682 1368-1376 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T2034 2843-2860 Protein denotes Nuclear Factor-κB
T2035 2862-2867 Protein denotes NF-κB
T2036 2869-2879 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T2037 2869-2879 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T2038 2892-2897 Protein denotes NF-κB
T2039 2929-2938 Regulation denotes regulates
T2040 4139-4145 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T2041 4169-4175 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T2042 4223-4228 Protein denotes TNF-α
T2043 4146-4156 Gene_expression denotes expression
T2044 4229-4239 Gene_expression denotes expression
T2045 4129-4138 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T2046 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T2047 4338-4343 Protein denotes NF-κB
T2048 4344-4354 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T2049 4539-4542 Protein denotes CGN
T2050 4521-4529 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T2808 6501-6506 Protein denotes Sigma
T2809 6508-6518 Protein denotes St Quentin
T3656 8374-8389 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T3657 8391-8394 Protein denotes MPO
T3658 8360-8369 Positive_regulation denotes collected
T3659 8360-8369 Positive_regulation denotes collected
T3660 8450-8453 Protein denotes MPO
T3661 8462-8471 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T3662 8575-8578 Protein denotes MPO
T3663 8607-8618 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T4230 9821-9830 Protein denotes EPICS XL2
T4558 10159-10174 Protein denotes Surface Antigen
T4559 10175-10185 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T4560 10464-10476 Protein denotes Fc receptors
T4561 10453-10460 Binding denotes binding
T4562 10644-10647 Protein denotes IgG
T4563 10764-10773 Protein denotes EPICS XL2
T4729 10963-10975 Protein denotes TNF Activity
T4730 11160-11167 Protein denotes TNF-α/β
T4731 11264-11267 Protein denotes TNF
T4732 11287-11296 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T5213 11475-11502 Protein denotes M-MLV reverse transcriptase
T5214 11757-11780 Protein denotes Goldstar DNA polymerase
T5215 11815-11838 Protein denotes Goldstar DNA polymerase
T5216 12041-12048 Protein denotes β-actin
T5217 12176-12181 Protein denotes TNF-α
T5218 12312-12318 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T5454 12632-12637 Protein denotes NF-κB
T5455 12666-12683 Protein denotes MHC class I locus
T5456 12708-12723 Protein denotes luciferase gene
T5457 12899-12909 Protein denotes Luciferase
T6515 15435-15442 Entity denotes Nuclear
T6441 13447-13450 Protein denotes Rad
T6442 13595-13608 Protein denotes I-κBα protein
T6443 13702-13724 Protein denotes horseradish peroxidase
T6444 13808-13811 Protein denotes IκB
T6445 13969-13978 Protein denotes α-Tubulin
T6446 14024-14037 Protein denotes nuclear NF-κB
T6447 14652-14683 Protein denotes Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti
T6448 14684-14689 Protein denotes NF-κB
T6449 14690-14701 Protein denotes p50 subunit
T6450 14716-14738 Protein denotes anti-NF-κB p65 subunit
T6451 14912-14955 Protein denotes HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG
T6452 15364-15367 Protein denotes ERK
T6512 15400-15405 Protein denotes NF-κB
T6513 15406-15416 Positive_regulation denotes Activation
T6514 15457-15462 Protein denotes NF−κΒ
T6516 15443-15453 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T7125 16230-16245 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T8185 874-17737 Protein denotes CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α
T8186 865-873 Protein_catabolism denotes Degraded
T8187 17738-17748 Gene_expression denotes Production
T8188 17806-17810 Protein denotes dCGN
T8189 17824-17829 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8190 17830-17840 Gene_expression denotes production
T8191 17814-17823 Positive_regulation denotes stimulate
T8192 17946-17951 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8193 17957-17964 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T8194 18099-18104 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8195 18105-18115 Gene_expression denotes production
T8196 18087-18095 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8197 18274-18279 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8198 18280-18290 Gene_expression denotes production
T8199 18262-18270 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8200 18338-18343 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8201 18344-18354 Gene_expression denotes production
T8202 18355-18364 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T8203 18468-18473 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8204 18507-18512 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8205 18459-18467 Localization denotes secreted
T8206 18587-18592 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8207 18593-18603 Gene_expression denotes production
T8208 18579-18586 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T8209 18668-18673 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8210 18674-18682 Gene_expression denotes produced
T8211 18912-18917 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8212 18918-18928 Gene_expression denotes production
T8213 18900-18908 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8214 18957-18962 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8215 18963-18973 Gene_expression denotes production
T8216 18945-18953 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8217 19060-19065 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8218 19070-19078 Localization denotes released
T8219 19131-19136 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8220 19137-19147 Gene_expression denotes production
T8221 19176-19185 Positive_regulation denotes dependent
T8222 19315-19320 Protein denotes TNF-α
T8223 19321-19328 Localization denotes release
T8668 20924-20932 Protein denotes C10 dCGN
T9559 22577-22584 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T9548 22343-22349 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9549 22351-22355 Protein denotes CD54
T9550 22329-22339 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9551 22329-22339 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9552 22318-22328 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T9553 22318-22328 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T9554 22407-22413 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9555 22414-22424 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9556 22395-22403 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9557 22516-22556 Protein denotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
T9558 22558-22562 Protein denotes CD58
T9560 22577-22584 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T9561 22665-22707 Protein denotes major histocompatibility complex molecules
T9562 22786-22790 Protein denotes CD14
T9563 22651-22661 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9564 22651-22661 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9565 22805-22812 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T9566 22805-22812 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T9567 23884-23890 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9568 24068-24088 Protein denotes anti-ICAM-1 antibody
T9569 24098-24102 Protein denotes CD58
T9570 24135-24139 Protein denotes IgG1
T9571 24154-24174 Protein denotes anti-ICAM-1 antibody
T9572 24278-24284 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9573 24343-24347 Protein denotes IgG1
T9574 24356-24374 Protein denotes anti-CD58 antibody
T9575 24335-24342 Regulation denotes control
T9576 24335-24342 Regulation denotes control
T9853 25127-25133 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9854 25138-25148 Protein denotes TNF-α mRNA
T9855 25149-25159 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T9856 25149-25159 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T9857 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9858 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9859 25176-25190 Protein denotes surface ICAM-1
T9860 25206-25211 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9861 25191-25201 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9862 25212-25222 Gene_expression denotes production
T9863 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9864 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9865 25368-25374 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9866 25379-25384 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9867 25386-25389 Protein denotes Fig
T9868 25395-25407 Protein denotes β-actin mRNA
T9869 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9870 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9871 25424-25432 Regulation denotes affected
T11070 25764-25799 Protein denotes Degraded CGN Induce IκB Degradation
T11071 25804-25809 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11072 25810-25820 Positive_regulation denotes Activation
T11073 25810-25820 Positive_regulation denotes Activation
T11074 25858-25864 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11075 25869-25874 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11076 25896-25916 Protein denotes nuclear factor NF-κB
T11077 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11078 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11079 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T11080 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T11081 25965-25968 Protein denotes IκB
T11082 26049-26054 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11083 25932-25947 Phosphorylation denotes phosphorylation
T11084 26031-26041 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11085 26093-26098 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11086 26169-26174 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11087 26207-26217 Protein denotes luciferase
T11088 26155-26165 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11089 26195-26203 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11090 26138-26145 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11091 26270-26275 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11092 26276-26286 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11093 26262-26269 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11094 26450-26455 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11095 26440-26449 Gene_expression denotes detecting
T11096 26576-26590 Protein denotes NF-κB subunits
T11097 26596-26605 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T11098 26675-26678 Protein denotes p50
T11099 26683-26695 Protein denotes p65 subunits
T11100 26699-26704 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11101 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11102 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11103 26911-26916 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11104 26918-26925 Protein denotes Fig. 7C
T11105 26897-26907 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11106 26878-26885 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11107 27193-27206 Protein denotes nuclear NF-κB
T11108 27208-27215 Protein denotes Fig. 7D
T11109 27286-27289 Protein denotes p50
T11110 27294-27306 Protein denotes p65 subunits
T11111 27310-27315 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11112 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11113 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11114 27399-27404 Protein denotes NF-κB
T11115 27406-27413 Protein denotes Fig. 7D
T11116 27387-27395 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11117 27387-27395 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T11118 27465-27468 Protein denotes p50
T11119 27469-27472 Protein denotes p65
T11120 27480-27493 Protein denotes NF-κB isoform
T11121 27494-27503 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T11122 27494-27503 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T11123 27566-27580 Protein denotes inhibitor IκBα
T11124 27547-27558 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T11125 27652-27656 Protein denotes IκBα
T11126 27722-27726 Protein denotes IκBα
T11127 27657-27668 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T11128 27740-27748 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T11129 27806-27818 Protein denotes IκBα subunit
T11130 27872-27875 Protein denotes p65
T11131 27900-27908 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T15435 30780-30783 Protein denotes CGN
T15436 30771-30779 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T15437 32372-32375 Protein denotes MPO
T15438 32564-32567 Protein denotes TNF
T15439 32550-32560 Gene_expression denotes production
T15440 32661-32664 Protein denotes TNF
T15441 32647-32657 Gene_expression denotes production
T15442 32630-32637 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15443 32833-32836 Protein denotes TNF
T15444 32825-32832 Gene_expression denotes produce
T15445 33053-33056 Protein denotes CGN
T15446 33035-33043 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T15447 33104-33107 Protein denotes TNF
T15448 33108-33116 Localization denotes secreted
T15449 33124-33131 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15450 33170-33178 Localization denotes secreted
T15451 33271-33275 Protein denotes CD14
T15452 33280-33294 Protein denotes TLR4 receptors
T15453 33422-33426 Protein denotes CD14
T15454 33434-33443 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T15455 33636-33639 Protein denotes TNF
T15456 33640-33649 Localization denotes secretion
T15457 33628-33635 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15458 33663-33666 Protein denotes TNF
T15459 33851-33854 Protein denotes TNF
T15460 33855-33863 Localization denotes secreted
T15461 33924-33931 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15462 33999-34002 Protein denotes TNF
T15463 34003-34012 Localization denotes secretion
T15464 34169-34173 Protein denotes CD14
T15465 34219-34222 Protein denotes TNF
T15466 34223-34232 Localization denotes secretion
T15467 34196-34205 Negative_regulation denotes inhibited
T15468 34246-34250 Protein denotes TLR4
T15469 34315-34318 Protein denotes CGN
T15470 34385-34389 Protein denotes TLR4
T15471 34430-34439 Localization denotes secretion
T15472 34393-34402 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T15473 34481-34485 Protein denotes TLR4
T15474 34740-34746 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15475 34704-34714 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15476 34751-34759 Positive_regulation denotes enhanced
T15477 34812-34818 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15478 34798-34808 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15479 34986-34992 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15480 34972-34982 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15481 34993-35000 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15482 35394-35400 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15483 35405-35410 Protein denotes LFA-3
T15484 35412-35416 Protein denotes CD58
T15485 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15486 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15487 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15488 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15489 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15490 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15491 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15492 35512-35515 Protein denotes CGN
T15493 35503-35511 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T15494 35765-35770 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15495 35811-35817 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15496 35822-35827 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15497 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15498 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15499 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T15500 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T15501 35840-35845 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15502 35899-35920 Protein denotes inhibitor protein IκB
T15503 35846-35856 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15504 35880-35891 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T15505 35846-35856 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15506 35948-35953 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15507 35992-35996 Protein denotes IκBα
T15508 36015-36018 Protein denotes p65
T15509 36023-36026 Protein denotes p50
T15510 36076-36078 Protein denotes NF
T15511 36079-36081 Protein denotes κB
T15512 36093-36103 Protein denotes luciferase
T15513 35954-35964 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15514 35977-35988 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T15515 36044-36051 Entity denotes nucleus
T15516 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15517 35940-35947 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15518 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T15519 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T15520 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T15521 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15522 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15523 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15524 36154-36159 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15525 36140-36150 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15526 36164-36171 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15527 36387-36392 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15528 36373-36383 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15529 36365-36372 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15530 36433-36438 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15531 36649-36654 Protein denotes NF-kB
T15532 36779-36784 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15533 36807-36811 Protein denotes cdk4
T15534 36785-36795 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15535 36796-36806 Negative_regulation denotes suppressed
T15536 36812-36822 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15537 36833-36842 Positive_regulation denotes necessary
T15538 36883-36888 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15539 36996-36999 Protein denotes cdk
T15540 37010-37013 Protein denotes p21
T15541 36889-36899 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15542 37043-37046 Protein denotes p21
T15543 37051-37055 Protein denotes cdk4
T15544 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15545 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15546 37284-37290 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15547 37295-37300 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15548 37321-37326 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15549 37248-37258 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15550 37301-37311 Gene_expression denotes production
T15551 37301-37311 Gene_expression denotes production
T15552 37362-37368 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15553 37348-37358 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15554 38210-38216 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15555 38240-38246 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T15556 38303-38308 Protein denotes TNF-α
T15557 38217-38227 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15558 38309-38319 Gene_expression denotes expression
T15559 38200-38209 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T15560 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T15561 38418-38423 Protein denotes NF-κB
T15562 38424-38434 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T15793 17414-17429 Protein denotes Myeloperoxidase
T15794 17431-17434 Protein denotes MPO
T16324 19538-19541 Protein denotes TNF
T16325 19542-19551 Localization denotes secretion
T16326 19527-19537 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T16327 19578-19581 Protein denotes TNF
T16328 19582-19590 Localization denotes released
T16329 19683-19686 Protein denotes TNF
T16330 19687-19694 Localization denotes release
T16331 19695-19702 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16332 19799-19802 Protein denotes TNF
T16333 19803-19810 Localization denotes release
T16334 19811-19818 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16335 19972-19975 Protein denotes TNF
T16336 19976-19983 Localization denotes release
T16337 19984-19991 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16338 20155-20158 Protein denotes TNF
T16339 20159-20166 Localization denotes release
T16340 20167-20174 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16606 21377-21381 Protein denotes THP1
T16607 21369-21376 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16968 23180-23187 Protein denotes Antigen
T16969 23188-23198 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16970 23253-23259 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16971 23260-23270 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16972 23414-23421 Protein denotes HLA-ABC
T16973 23423-23429 Protein denotes HLA-DR
T16974 23431-23435 Protein denotes CD14
T16975 23437-23443 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16976 23449-23453 Protein denotes CD58
T16977 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16978 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16979 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16980 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16981 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17454 25505-25508 Protein denotes CGN
T17455 25520-25526 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17456 25531-25536 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17457 25496-25504 Protein_catabolism denotes Degraded
T17458 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17459 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17460 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17461 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17462 25636-25642 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17463 25647-25652 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17464 25707-25710 Protein denotes CGN
T17465 25712-25719 Protein denotes β-actin
T17466 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17467 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17468 25720-25730 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17469 25720-25730 Gene_expression denotes expression
T18200 27996-27999 Protein denotes CGN
T18201 28014-28019 Protein denotes NF-kB
T18202 27987-27995 Protein_catabolism denotes Degraded
T18203 28000-28009 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T18204 28000-28009 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T18205 28081-28095 Protein denotes NF-κB reporter
T18206 28126-28136 Protein denotes luciferase
T18207 28112-28122 Gene_expression denotes expression
T18208 28457-28474 Protein denotes IκBα or α−tubulin
T18209 28549-28554 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18210 28535-28545 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T18211 28527-28534 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T18212 28820-28825 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18213 28826-28837 Protein denotes p50 subunit
T18214 28839-28842 Protein denotes p50
T18215 28847-28852 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18216 28853-28864 Protein denotes p65 subunit
T18217 28866-28869 Protein denotes p65
T18218 28915-28918 Protein denotes ERK
T18219 29082-29087 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18220 29068-29078 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T18221 29060-29067 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T18222 29152-29157 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18223 29158-29169 Protein denotes p50 subunit
T18224 29173-29178 Protein denotes NF-κB
T18225 29179-29182 Protein denotes p65
T670 984-990 Protein denotes ICAM-1
R536 T662 T664 themeOf TNF,Secretion
R537 T663 T666 themeOf NF-κB,Activation
R538 T664 T665 themeOf Secretion,Upregulation
R539 T664 T667 themeOf Secretion,Induces
R540 T665 T668 themeOf Upregulation,Induces
R541 T666 T667 causeOf Activation,Induces
R542 T666 T668 causeOf Activation,Induces
R543 T671 T672 themeOf expression,increased
R544 T675 T678 causeOf dCGN,stimulated
R545 T676 T677 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R546 T677 T678 themeOf expression,stimulated
R547 T679 T680 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R548 T681 T682 themeOf CGN,degraded
R555 T670 T671 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R1767 T2034 T2036 themeOf Nuclear Factor-κB,activation
R1768 T2035 T2037 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R1769 T2038 T2039 themeOf NF-κB,regulates
R1770 T2040 T2043 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R1771 T2042 T2044 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R1772 T2043 T2045 themeOf expression,increased
R1773 T2044 T2046 themeOf expression,stimulated
R1774 T2047 T2048 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R1775 T2049 T2050 themeOf CGN,degraded
R3271 T3656 T3658 themeOf myeloperoxidase,collected
R3272 T3657 T3659 themeOf MPO,collected
R3273 T3660 T3661 themeOf MPO,expressed
R3274 T3662 T3663 themeOf MPO,degradation
R4090 T4558 T4559 themeOf Surface Antigen,Expression
R4091 T4560 T4561 themeOf Fc receptors,binding
R4212 T4731 T4732 themeOf TNF,expressed
R5797 T6512 T6513 themeOf NF-κB,Activation
R5798 T6514 T6516 themeOf NF−κΒ,activation
R5799 T6515 T6516 Site Nuclear,activation
R7214 T8185 T8186 themeOf "CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α",Degraded
R7215 T8185 T8187 themeOf "CGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced-TNF-α",Production
R7216 T8188 T8191 causeOf dCGN,stimulate
R7217 T8189 T8190 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7218 T8190 T8191 themeOf production,stimulate
R7219 T8192 T8193 themeOf TNF-α,induced
R7220 T8194 T8195 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7221 T8195 T8196 themeOf production,increase
R7222 T8197 T8198 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7223 T8198 T8199 themeOf production,increase
R7224 T8200 T8201 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7225 T8201 T8202 themeOf production,increased
R7226 T8203 T8205 themeOf TNF-α,secreted
R7227 T8206 T8207 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7228 T8207 T8208 themeOf production,induced
R7229 T8209 T8210 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R7230 T8211 T8212 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7231 T8212 T8213 themeOf production,increase
R7232 T8214 T8215 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7233 T8215 T8216 themeOf production,increase
R7234 T8217 T8218 themeOf TNF-α,released
R7235 T8219 T8220 themeOf TNF-α,production
R7236 T8220 T8221 themeOf production,dependent
R7237 T8222 T8223 themeOf TNF-α,release
R8398 T9548 T9550 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8399 T9549 T9551 themeOf CD54,expression
R8400 T9550 T9552 themeOf expression,stimulated
R8401 T9551 T9553 themeOf expression,stimulated
R8402 T9554 T9555 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8403 T9555 T9556 themeOf expression,increase
R8404 T9557 T9559 themeOf lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3,reduced
R8405 T9558 T9560 themeOf CD58,reduced
R8406 T9561 T9563 themeOf major histocompatibility complex molecules,expression
R8407 T9562 T9564 themeOf CD14,expression
R8408 T9563 T9565 themeOf expression,reduced
R8409 T9564 T9566 themeOf expression,reduced
R8410 T9573 T9575 themeOf IgG1,control
R8411 T9574 T9576 themeOf anti-CD58 antibody,control
R8625 T9853 T9855 themeOf ICAM-1,Expression
R8626 T9854 T9856 themeOf TNF-α mRNA,Expression
R8627 T9855 T9857 themeOf Expression,Increase
R8628 T9856 T9858 themeOf Expression,Increase
R8629 T9859 T9861 themeOf surface ICAM-1,expression
R8630 T9860 T9862 themeOf TNF-α,production
R8631 T9861 T9863 themeOf expression,increase
R8632 T9862 T9864 themeOf production,increase
R8633 T9865 T9869 themeOf ICAM-1,increase
R8634 T9866 T9870 themeOf TNF-α,increase
R8635 T9868 T9871 themeOf β-actin mRNA,affected
R9562 T11070 T11072 themeOf Degraded CGN Induce IκB Degradation,Activation
R9563 T11071 T11073 themeOf NF-κB,Activation
R9564 T11074 T11077 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9565 T11075 T11078 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9566 T11076 T11079 causeOf nuclear factor NF-κB,controlled
R9567 T11076 T11080 causeOf nuclear factor NF-κB,controlled
R9568 T11077 T11079 themeOf expression,controlled
R9569 T11078 T11080 themeOf expression,controlled
R9570 T11081 T11083 themeOf IκB,phosphorylation
R9571 T11082 T11084 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R9572 T11086 T11088 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R9573 T11087 T11089 themeOf luciferase,increase
R9574 T11088 T11090 themeOf activation,induced
R9575 T11091 T11092 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R9576 T11092 T11093 themeOf activation,induced
R9577 T11094 T11095 themeOf NF-κB,detecting
R9578 T11096 T11097 themeOf NF-κB subunits,activated
R9579 T11098 T11101 themeOf p50,activation
R9580 T11101 T11102 themeOf activation,induced
R9581 T11103 T11105 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R9582 T11104 T11106 causeOf Fig. 7C,induced
R9583 T11105 T11106 themeOf activation,induced
R9584 T11109 T11112 themeOf p50,increase
R9585 T11112 T11113 themeOf increase,induced
R9586 T11114 T11116 themeOf NF-κB,increase
R9587 T11115 T11117 themeOf Fig. 7D,increase
R9588 T11118 T11121 themeOf p50,activated
R9589 T11120 T11122 themeOf NF-κB isoform,activated
R9590 T11123 T11124 themeOf inhibitor IκBα,degradation
R9591 T11125 T11127 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R9592 T11126 T11128 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R9593 T11130 T11131 themeOf p65,degraded
R13259 T15435 T15436 themeOf CGN,degraded
R13261 T15438 T15439 themeOf TNF,production
R13265 T15440 T15441 themeOf TNF,production
R13268 T15441 T15442 themeOf production,induced
R13271 T15443 T15444 themeOf TNF,produce
R13275 T15445 T15446 themeOf CGN,degraded
R13278 T15447 T15448 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13279 T15447 T15450 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13282 T15448 T15449 themeOf secreted,induced
R13283 T15453 T15454 themeOf CD14,expressed
R13288 T15455 T15456 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13289 T15456 T15457 themeOf secretion,induced
R13290 T15459 T15460 themeOf TNF,secreted
R13291 T15460 T15461 themeOf secreted,induced
R13292 T15462 T15463 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13293 T15465 T15466 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13294 T15492 T15493 themeOf CGN,degraded
R13295 T15466 T15467 themeOf secretion,inhibited
R13296 T15495 T15497 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13297 T15470 T15471 themeOf TLR4,secretion
R13298 T15496 T15498 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R13299 T15497 T15499 themeOf expression,responsible
R13300 T15498 T15500 themeOf expression,responsible
R13301 T15501 T15503 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13302 T15502 T15504 themeOf inhibitor protein IκB,degradation
R13303 T15471 T15472 themeOf secretion,activated
R13304 T15504 T15505 themeOf degradation,activation
R13305 T15474 T15475 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13306 T15506 T15513 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13307 T15507 T15514 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R13308 T15507 T15518 themeOf IκBα,translocation
R13309 T15508 T15519 themeOf p65,translocation
R13310 T15509 T15520 themeOf p50,translocation
R13311 T15475 T15476 themeOf expression,enhanced
R13312 T15512 T15516 themeOf luciferase,activation
R13313 T15513 T15517 themeOf activation,induced
R13314 T15477 T15478 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13315 T15515 T15518 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R13316 T15515 T15519 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R13317 T15515 T15520 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R13318 T15518 T15521 themeOf translocation,activation
R13319 T15479 T15480 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13320 T15519 T15522 themeOf translocation,activation
R13321 T15520 T15523 themeOf translocation,activation
R13322 T15480 T15481 themeOf expression,induced
R13323 T15524 T15525 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13324 T15482 T15485 themeOf ICAM-1,increased
R13325 T15525 T15526 themeOf activation,induced
R13326 T15527 T15528 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13327 T15528 T15529 themeOf activation,induced
R13328 T15482 T15486 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13329 T15483 T15487 themeOf LFA-3,expression
R13330 T15532 T15534 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13331 T15533 T15536 themeOf cdk4,expression
R13332 T15534 T15535 themeOf activation,suppressed
R13333 T15484 T15488 themeOf CD58,expression
R13334 T15536 T15537 themeOf expression,necessary
R13335 T15486 T15489 themeOf expression,increased
R13336 T15538 T15541 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R13337 T15487 T15490 themeOf expression,increased
R13338 T15542 T15544 themeOf p21,expression
R13339 T15543 T15545 themeOf cdk4,expression
R13340 T15488 T15491 themeOf expression,increased
R13341 T15546 T15549 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13342 T15546 T15550 themeOf ICAM-1,production
R13343 T15547 T15551 themeOf TNF-α,production
R13344 T15552 T15553 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13345 T15554 T15557 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R13346 T15556 T15558 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R13347 T15557 T15559 themeOf expression,increased
R13348 T15558 T15560 themeOf expression,stimulated
R13349 T15561 T15562 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R14003 T16324 T16325 themeOf TNF,secretion
R14004 T16325 T16326 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R14005 T16327 T16328 themeOf TNF,released
R14006 T16329 T16330 themeOf TNF,release
R14007 T16330 T16331 themeOf release,induced
R14008 T16332 T16333 themeOf TNF,release
R14009 T16333 T16334 themeOf release,induced
R14010 T16335 T16336 themeOf TNF,release
R14011 T16336 T16337 themeOf release,induced
R14012 T16338 T16339 themeOf TNF,release
R14013 T16339 T16340 themeOf release,induced
R14249 T16606 T16607 themeOf THP1,induced
R14537 T16968 T16969 themeOf Antigen,expression
R14538 T16970 T16971 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14539 T16972 T16977 themeOf HLA-ABC,expression
R14540 T16973 T16978 themeOf HLA-DR,expression
R14541 T16974 T16979 themeOf CD14,expression
R14542 T16975 T16980 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14543 T16976 T16981 themeOf CD58,expression
R14929 T17454 T17457 themeOf CGN,Degraded
R14930 T17455 T17458 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14931 T17456 T17459 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14932 T17457 T17460 causeOf Degraded,stimulated
R14933 T17457 T17461 causeOf Degraded,stimulated
R14934 T17458 T17460 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14935 T17459 T17461 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14936 T17462 T17466 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14937 T17463 T17467 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14938 T17464 T17468 themeOf CGN,expression
R14939 T17465 T17469 themeOf β-actin,expression
R15552 T18200 T18202 themeOf CGN,Degraded
R15553 T18200 T18203 causeOf CGN,activated
R15554 T18200 T18204 causeOf CGN,activated
R15555 T18201 T18203 themeOf NF-kB,activated
R15556 T18202 T18204 themeOf Degraded,activated
R15557 T18206 T18207 themeOf luciferase,expression
R15558 T18209 T18210 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R15559 T18210 T18211 themeOf activation,induced
R15560 T18219 T18220 themeOf NF-κB,activation
R15561 T18220 T18221 themeOf activation,induced

bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue Negation Speculation
T60 104-111 Positive_regulation denotes through
T61 655-661 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T62 662-679 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T63 974-983 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T64 984-990 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T65 991-1001 Gene_expression denotes expression
T66 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T67 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T68 1220-1225 Protein denotes TNF-α
T69 1226-1236 Gene_expression denotes expression
T70 1241-1250 Localization denotes secretion
T741 2769-2773 Protein denotes IL-8
T742 2774-2784 Gene_expression denotes production
T743 2839-2842 Positive_regulation denotes via
T744 4129-4138 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T745 4139-4145 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T746 4146-4156 Gene_expression denotes expression
T747 4169-4175 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T748 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T749 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T750 4223-4228 Protein denotes TNF-α
T751 4229-4239 Gene_expression denotes expression
T752 4244-4253 Localization denotes secretion
T3114 8391-8394 Protein denotes MPO
T3115 8450-8453 Protein denotes MPO
T3116 8462-8471 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T4581 11166-11167 Protein denotes β
T4582 11264-11267 Protein denotes TNF
T5474 13595-13600 Protein denotes I-κBα
T7226 878-17731 Positive_regulation denotes inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced
T7227 17732-17737 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7228 17738-17748 Gene_expression denotes Production
T7229 17814-17823 Positive_regulation denotes stimulate true
T7230 17824-17829 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7231 17830-17840 Gene_expression denotes production
T7232 17946-17951 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7233 17957-17964 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T7234 17978-17989 Positive_regulation denotes stimulation
T7235 18051-18059 Positive_regulation denotes resulted
T7236 18087-18095 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7237 18099-18104 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7238 18105-18115 Gene_expression denotes production
T7239 18140-18149 Regulation denotes dependent
T7240 18262-18270 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7241 18274-18279 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7242 18280-18290 Gene_expression denotes production
T7243 18338-18343 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7244 18344-18354 Gene_expression denotes production
T7245 18355-18364 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T7246 18459-18467 Localization denotes secreted
T7247 18468-18473 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7248 18507-18512 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7249 18579-18586 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T7250 18587-18592 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7251 18593-18603 Gene_expression denotes production
T7252 18668-18673 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7253 18674-18682 Gene_expression denotes produced
T7254 18683-18685 Positive_regulation denotes by
T7255 18719-18727 Gene_expression denotes produced
T7256 18728-18730 Positive_regulation denotes by
T7257 18900-18908 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7258 18912-18917 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7259 18918-18928 Gene_expression denotes production
T7260 18940-18953 Positive_regulation denotes This increase
T7261 18957-18962 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7262 18963-18973 Gene_expression denotes production
T7263 19060-19065 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7264 19070-19078 Localization denotes released true
T7265 19131-19136 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7266 19137-19147 Gene_expression denotes production
T7267 19176-19185 Regulation denotes dependent true
T7268 19315-19320 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7269 19321-19328 Localization denotes release
T8728 21910-21916 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8729 21917-21927 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T8730 21931-21938 Positive_regulation denotes Induced
T8731 22318-22328 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T8732 22329-22339 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8733 22343-22349 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8734 22351-22355 Protein denotes CD54
T8735 22395-22403 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8736 22407-22413 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8737 22414-22424 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8738 22516-22556 Protein denotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
T8739 22558-22562 Protein denotes CD58
T8740 22577-22584 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T8741 22651-22661 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8742 22770-22785 Protein denotes monocyte marker
T8743 22786-22790 Protein denotes CD14
T8744 22805-22812 Negative_regulation denotes reduced true
T8745 23884-23890 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8746 24278-24284 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9619 25191-25201 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9620 25206-25211 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9621 25212-25222 Gene_expression denotes production
T9622 25255-25267 Positive_regulation denotes upregulation
T9624 25325-25332 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T9625 25325-25332 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T9626 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9627 25342-25350 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9628 25368-25374 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9629 25379-25384 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9630 25395-25402 Protein denotes β-actin
T9631 25424-25432 Regulation denotes affected true
T10028 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T10029 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T10030 25858-25864 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T10031 25869-25874 Protein denotes TNF-α
T10032 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T10033 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T10034 26195-26203 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T10035 26207-26217 Protein denotes luciferase
T10036 26576-26590 Protein denotes NF-κB subunits
T10037 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10038 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10039 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T10040 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T10041 26675-26678 Protein denotes p50
T10042 26683-26686 Protein denotes p65
T10043 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10044 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10045 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T10046 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T10047 27286-27289 Protein denotes p50
T10048 27294-27297 Protein denotes p65
T10049 27547-27558 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T10050 27566-27575 Protein denotes inhibitor
T10051 27576-27580 Protein denotes IκBα
T10052 27652-27656 Protein denotes IκBα
T10053 27657-27668 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation true
T10054 27722-27726 Protein denotes IκBα
T10055 27740-27748 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T10056 27806-27810 Protein denotes IκBα
T10057 27829-27834 Negative_regulation denotes masks
T10058 27839-27868 Entity denotes nuclear localisation sequence
T10059 27872-27875 Protein denotes p65
T10060 27900-27908 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T11468 32550-32560 Gene_expression denotes production
T11469 32564-32567 Protein denotes TNF
T11470 32596-32610 Positive_regulation denotes in response to
T11471 32630-32637 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11472 32647-32657 Gene_expression denotes production
T11473 32661-32664 Protein denotes TNF
T11474 32825-32832 Gene_expression denotes produce
T11475 32833-32836 Protein denotes TNF
T11476 33104-33107 Protein denotes TNF
T11477 33108-33116 Localization denotes secreted
T11478 33124-33131 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11479 33170-33178 Localization denotes secreted
T11480 33255-33263 Localization denotes presence
T11481 33255-33263 Localization denotes presence
T11482 33271-33275 Protein denotes CD14
T11483 33280-33294 Protein denotes TLR4 receptors
T11484 33368-33378 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11485 33368-33378 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11486 33422-33426 Protein denotes CD14
T11487 33434-33443 Gene_expression denotes expressed true
T11488 33474-33483 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T11489 33628-33635 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11490 33636-33639 Protein denotes TNF
T11491 33640-33649 Localization denotes secretion
T11492 33663-33666 Protein denotes TNF
T11493 33667-33675 Regulation denotes response
T11494 33731-33739 Negative_regulation denotes decrease
T11495 33851-33854 Protein denotes TNF
T11496 33855-33863 Localization denotes secreted
T11497 33877-33884 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11498 33999-34002 Protein denotes TNF
T11499 34003-34012 Localization denotes secretion
T11500 34196-34205 Negative_regulation denotes inhibited
T11501 34211-34218 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11502 34219-34222 Protein denotes TNF
T11503 34223-34232 Localization denotes secretion
T11504 34246-34250 Protein denotes TLR4
T11505 34302-34310 Protein denotes receptor
T11506 34385-34389 Protein denotes TLR4
T11507 34393-34402 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T11508 34481-34485 Protein denotes TLR4
T11509 34704-34714 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11510 34722-34739 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T11511 34740-34746 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11512 34751-34759 Positive_regulation denotes enhanced
T11513 34798-34808 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11514 34812-34818 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11515 34972-34982 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11516 34986-34992 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11517 34993-35000 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11518 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11519 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11520 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11521 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11522 35394-35400 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11523 35405-35410 Protein denotes LFA-3
T11524 35412-35416 Protein denotes CD58
T11525 35550-35557 Gene_expression denotes express
T11526 35561-35570 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11527 35581-35587 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11528 35588-35606 Protein denotes adhesion molecules
T11529 35779-35788 Regulation denotes regulates
T11530 35779-35788 Regulation denotes regulates
T11531 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T11532 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T11533 35811-35817 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11534 35822-35827 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11535 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11536 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11537 35977-35988 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T11538 35992-35996 Protein denotes IκBα
T11539 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T11540 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T11541 36015-36018 Protein denotes p65
T11542 36023-36026 Protein denotes p50
T11543 36044-36051 Entity denotes nucleus
T11544 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11545 36082-36092 Regulation denotes responsive
T11546 36093-36103 Protein denotes luciferase
T11547 36796-36806 Negative_regulation denotes suppressed
T11548 36807-36811 Protein denotes cdk4
T11549 36812-36822 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11550 37010-37013 Protein denotes p21
T11551 37024-37031 Regulation denotes effects true
T11552 37024-37031 Regulation denotes effects true
T11553 37043-37046 Protein denotes p21
T11554 37051-37055 Protein denotes cdk4
T11555 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11556 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11557 37241-37247 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T11558 37241-37247 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T11559 37248-37258 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11560 37284-37290 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11561 37295-37300 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11562 37301-37311 Gene_expression denotes production
T11563 37341-37347 Positive_regulation denotes higher
T11564 37348-37358 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11565 37362-37368 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11566 37536-37542 Positive_regulation denotes induce
T11567 38200-38209 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11568 38210-38216 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11569 38217-38227 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11570 38240-38246 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11571 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T11572 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T11573 38303-38308 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11574 38309-38319 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11575 38324-38333 Localization denotes secretion
T15842 19527-19537 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T15843 19538-19541 Protein denotes TNF
T15844 19542-19551 Localization denotes secretion
T15845 19578-19581 Protein denotes TNF
T15846 19582-19590 Localization denotes released
T15847 19683-19686 Protein denotes TNF
T15848 19687-19694 Localization denotes release
T15849 19695-19702 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15850 19799-19802 Protein denotes TNF
T15851 19803-19810 Localization denotes release
T15852 19811-19818 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15853 19972-19975 Protein denotes TNF
T15854 19976-19983 Localization denotes release
T15855 19984-19991 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15856 20155-20158 Protein denotes TNF
T15857 20159-20166 Localization denotes release
T15858 20167-20174 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16650 23431-23435 Protein denotes CD14
T16651 23437-23443 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16652 23449-23453 Protein denotes CD58
T17517 28104-28111 Positive_regulation denotes driving true
T17518 28112-28122 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17519 28126-28136 Protein denotes luciferase
T17520 28457-28461 Protein denotes IκBα
T17521 28826-28829 Protein denotes p50
T17522 28839-28842 Protein denotes p50
T17523 28853-28856 Protein denotes p65
T17524 28866-28869 Protein denotes p65
T17525 29158-29161 Protein denotes p50
T17526 29179-29182 Protein denotes p65
T16642 22967-22977 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T16643 22978-22984 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16644 22985-22995 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16645 23253-23259 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16646 23260-23270 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16647 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16648 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16649 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17309 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17310 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17311 25520-25526 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17312 25531-25536 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17313 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17314 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17315 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17316 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17317 25636-25642 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17318 25647-25652 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17319 25712-25719 Protein denotes β-actin
T17320 25720-25730 Gene_expression denotes expression
T9608 25105-25111 Positive_regulation denotes Induce
T9609 25105-25111 Positive_regulation denotes Induce
T9610 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9611 25115-25123 Positive_regulation denotes Increase
T9612 25127-25133 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9613 25138-25143 Protein denotes TNF-α
T9614 25144-25159 Transcription denotes mRNA Expression
T9615 25144-25159 Transcription denotes mRNA Expression
T9616 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9617 25164-25172 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T9618 25184-25190 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T9623 25255-25267 Positive_regulation denotes upregulation
T4579 10963-10966 Protein denotes TNF
T4580 11160-11165 Protein denotes TNF-α
T53 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T54 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T55 53-56 Protein denotes TNF
T56 57-66 Localization denotes Secretion
T57 71-77 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T58 78-90 Positive_regulation denotes Upregulation
T59 104-111 Positive_regulation denotes through
T6611 16230-16245 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T5233 12708-12718 Protein denotes luciferase
T5234 12899-12909 Protein denotes Luciferase
T4742 12041-12048 Protein denotes β-actin
T4743 12176-12181 Protein denotes TNF-α
T4744 12312-12318 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T3113 8374-8389 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
R552 T56 T53 themeOf Secretion,Induces
R553 T57 T58 themeOf ICAM-1,Upregulation
R554 T58 T54 themeOf Upregulation,Induces
R571 T741 T742 themeOf IL-8,production
R572 T742 T743 themeOf production,via
R573 T745 T746 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R574 T746 T744 themeOf expression,increased
R575 T750 T751 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R576 T750 T752 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R577 T751 T748 themeOf expression,stimulated
R578 T752 T749 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R6418 T7235 T7239 themeOf resulted,dependent
R6419 T7236 T7235 themeOf increase,resulted
R6420 T7237 T7238 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6421 T7238 T7236 themeOf production,increase
R6422 T7241 T7242 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6423 T7242 T7240 themeOf production,increase
R6424 T7243 T7244 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6425 T7244 T7245 themeOf production,increased
R6432 T7255 T7256 themeOf produced,by
R6433 T7258 T7259 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6434 T7259 T7257 themeOf production,increase
R6435 T7261 T7262 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6436 T7262 T7260 themeOf production,This increase
R6437 T7263 T7264 themeOf TNF-α,released
R6438 T7265 T7266 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6439 T7266 T7267 themeOf production,dependent
R6440 T7268 T7269 themeOf TNF-α,release
R7674 T8728 T8729 themeOf ICAM-1,Expression
R7675 T8729 T8730 themeOf Expression,Induced
R7676 T8732 T8731 themeOf expression,stimulated
R7677 T8733 T8732 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R7678 T8734 T8733 equivalentTo CD54,ICAM-1
R7679 T8736 T8737 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R7680 T8737 T8735 themeOf expression,increase
R7681 T8738 T8740 themeOf lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3,reduced
R7682 T8739 T8738 equivalentTo CD58,lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
R7683 T8741 T8744 themeOf expression,reduced
R7684 T8743 T8741 themeOf CD14,expression
R8429 T9610 T9608 themeOf Increase,Induce
R8430 T9611 T9609 themeOf Increase,Induce
R8431 T9612 T9614 themeOf ICAM-1,mRNA Expression
R8432 T9613 T9615 themeOf TNF-α,mRNA Expression
R8433 T9614 T9610 themeOf mRNA Expression,Increase
R8434 T9615 T9611 themeOf mRNA Expression,Increase
R8435 T9618 T9619 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8436 T9618 T9623 themeOf ICAM-1,upregulation
R8437 T9619 T9617 themeOf expression,increase
R8438 T9620 T9621 themeOf TNF-α,production
R8439 T9620 T9622 themeOf TNF-α,upregulation
R8440 T9621 T9616 themeOf production,increase
R8441 T9626 T9625 themeOf increase,induced
R8442 T9627 T9624 themeOf increase,induced
R8443 T9628 T9627 themeOf ICAM-1,increase
R8444 T9629 T9626 themeOf TNF-α,increase
R8445 T9630 T9631 themeOf β-actin,affected
R8670 T10028 T10033 themeOf expression,controlled
R8671 T10029 T10032 themeOf expression,controlled
R8672 T10030 T10029 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8673 T10031 T10028 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R8674 T10035 T10034 themeOf luciferase,increase
R8675 T10039 T10037 themeOf activation,induced
R8676 T10040 T10038 themeOf activation,induced
R8677 T10041 T10040 themeOf p50,activation
R8678 T10042 T10039 themeOf p65,activation
R8679 T10045 T10044 themeOf increase,induced
R8680 T10046 T10043 themeOf increase,induced
R8681 T10047 T10046 themeOf p50,increase
R8682 T10048 T10045 themeOf p65,increase
R8683 T10051 T10049 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R8684 T10052 T10053 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R8685 T10054 T10055 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R8686 T10056 T10057 causeOf IκBα,masks
R8687 T10056 T10060 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R8688 T10058 T10057 themeOf nuclear localisation sequence,masks
R8689 T10058 T10059 partOf nuclear localisation sequence,p65
R9722 T11469 T11468 themeOf TNF,production
R9729 T11482 T11480 themeOf CD14,presence
R9730 T11482 T11485 themeOf CD14,expression
R9731 T11483 T11481 themeOf TLR4 receptors,presence
R9732 T11483 T11484 themeOf TLR4 receptors,expression
R9733 T11486 T11487 themeOf CD14,expressed
R9734 T11486 T11488 themeOf CD14,expressed
R9735 T11490 T11491 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9736 T11491 T11489 themeOf secretion,induced
R9737 T11492 T11493 themeOf TNF,response
R9738 T11493 T11494 themeOf response,decrease
R9739 T11495 T11496 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9740 T11496 T11497 themeOf secreted,induced
R9741 T11498 T11499 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9742 T11501 T11500 themeOf induced,inhibited
R9743 T11502 T11503 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9744 T11503 T11501 themeOf secretion,induced
R9745 T11506 T11507 themeOf TLR4,activated
R9746 T11509 T11512 themeOf expression,enhanced
R9747 T11511 T11509 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9748 T11514 T11513 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9749 T11515 T11517 themeOf expression,induced
R9750 T11516 T11515 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9751 T11520 T11518 themeOf expression,increased
R9752 T11521 T11519 themeOf expression,increased
R9753 T11522 T11521 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9754 T11523 T11520 themeOf LFA-3,expression
R9755 T11524 T11523 equivalentTo CD58,LFA-3
R9756 T11525 T11526 themeOf express,increased
R9757 T11527 T11525 themeOf ICAM-1,express
R9758 T11531 T11529 themeOf responsible,regulates
R9759 T11532 T11530 themeOf responsible,regulates
R9760 T11533 T11536 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9761 T11534 T11535 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9762 T11535 T11532 themeOf expression,responsible
R9763 T11536 T11531 themeOf expression,responsible
R9764 T11538 T11537 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R9765 T11541 T11540 themeOf p65,translocation
R9766 T11542 T11539 themeOf p50,translocation
R9767 T11543 T11540 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R9768 T11543 T11539 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R9769 T11545 T11544 themeOf responsive,activation
R9770 T11546 T11545 themeOf luciferase,responsive
R9771 T11548 T11549 themeOf cdk4,expression
R9772 T11549 T11547 themeOf expression,suppressed
R9773 T11553 T11556 themeOf p21,expression
R9774 T11554 T11555 themeOf cdk4,expression
R9775 T11555 T11551 themeOf expression,effects
R9776 T11556 T11552 themeOf expression,effects
R9777 T11559 T11558 themeOf expression,higher
R9778 T11560 T11559 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9779 T11561 T11562 themeOf TNF-α,production
R9780 T11562 T11557 themeOf production,higher
R9781 T11563 T11566 themeOf higher,induce
R9782 T11564 T11563 themeOf expression,higher
R9783 T11565 T11564 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9784 T11568 T11569 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9785 T11569 T11567 themeOf expression,increased
R9786 T11573 T11574 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9787 T11573 T11575 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R9788 T11574 T11572 themeOf expression,stimulated
R9789 T11575 T11571 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13579 T15843 T15844 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13580 T15844 T15842 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13581 T15845 T15846 themeOf TNF,released
R13582 T15847 T15848 themeOf TNF,release
R13583 T15848 T15849 themeOf release,induced
R13584 T15850 T15851 themeOf TNF,release
R13585 T15851 T15852 themeOf release,induced
R13586 T15853 T15854 themeOf TNF,release
R13587 T15854 T15855 themeOf release,induced
R13588 T15856 T15857 themeOf TNF,release
R13589 T15857 T15858 themeOf release,induced
R14825 T17317 T17315 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14826 T17318 T17316 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14827 T17319 T17320 themeOf β-actin,expression
R14948 T17518 T17517 themeOf expression,driving
R14949 T17519 T17518 themeOf luciferase,expression
R14950 T17522 T17521 equivalentTo p50,p50
R14951 T17524 T17523 equivalentTo p65,p65
R14262 T16643 T16644 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14263 T16644 T16642 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14264 T16645 T16646 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14265 T16650 T16648 themeOf CD14,expression
R14266 T16651 T16647 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14267 T16652 T16649 themeOf CD58,expression
R14821 T17311 T17314 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14822 T17312 T17313 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14823 T17313 T17310 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14824 T17314 T17309 themeOf expression,stimulated
R22 T64 T65 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R23 T65 T63 themeOf expression,increased
R24 T68 T69 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R25 T68 T70 themeOf TNF-α,secretion
R26 T69 T67 themeOf expression,stimulated
R27 T70 T66 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R549 T53 T59 themeOf Induces,through
R550 T54 T60 themeOf Induces,through
R551 T55 T56 themeOf TNF,Secretion
R9721 T11468 T11470 themeOf production,in response to
R9723 T11472 T11471 themeOf production,induced
R9724 T11473 T11472 themeOf TNF,production
R9725 T11475 T11474 themeOf TNF,produce
R9726 T11476 T11477 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9727 T11476 T11479 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9728 T11477 T11478 themeOf secreted,induced
R2770 T3114 T3113 equivalentTo MPO,myeloperoxidase
R2771 T3115 T3116 themeOf MPO,expressed
R6412 T7227 T7228 themeOf TNF-α,Production
R6413 T7228 T7226 themeOf Production,"inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced"
R6414 T7230 T7231 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6415 T7231 T7229 themeOf production,stimulate
R6416 T7232 T7233 themeOf TNF-α,induced
R6417 T7233 T7234 themeOf induced,stimulation
R6426 T7247 T7246 themeOf TNF-α,secreted
R6427 T7250 T7251 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6428 T7251 T7249 themeOf production,induced
R6429 T7252 T7253 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R6430 T7252 T7255 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R6431 T7253 T7254 themeOf produced,by

bionlp-st-ge-2016-uniprot

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T318 53-56 P01375 denotes TNF
T319 71-77 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T320 400-403 P26358 denotes aim
T321 655-661 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T322 984-990 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T323 1178-1184 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T324 1220-1223 P01375 denotes TNF
T325 1220-1225 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T1339 2769-2773 P10145 denotes IL-8
T1340 4139-4145 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T1341 4169-4175 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T1342 4223-4226 P01375 denotes TNF
T1343 4223-4228 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T2944 7254-7257 Q15025 denotes Van
T3815 9389-9395 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T4381 10909-10917 Q04864 denotes relative
T4644 10963-10966 P01375 denotes TNF
T4645 11160-11163 P01375 denotes TNF
T4646 11160-11165 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T4647 11264-11267 P01375 denotes TNF
T4947 12041-12048 P60709 denotes β-actin
T4948 12176-12179 P01375 denotes TNF
T4949 12176-12181 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T4950 12312-12318 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T5333 12708-12718 P08659 denotes luciferase
T5334 12899-12909 P08659 denotes Luciferase
T5928 13201-13203 P0A7Z4 denotes pH
T5929 14690-14693 P19838 denotes p50
T5930 14690-14701 P19838 denotes p50 subunit
T5931 14727-14730 Q04206 denotes p65
T5932 14727-14730 P21579 denotes p65
T7627 17732-17735 P01375 denotes TNF
T7628 17732-17737 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7629 17824-17827 P01375 denotes TNF
T7630 17824-17829 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7631 17946-17949 P01375 denotes TNF
T7632 17946-17951 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7633 18099-18102 P01375 denotes TNF
T7634 18099-18104 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7635 18274-18277 P01375 denotes TNF
T7636 18274-18279 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7637 18338-18341 P01375 denotes TNF
T7638 18338-18343 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7639 18468-18471 P01375 denotes TNF
T7640 18468-18473 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7641 18507-18510 P01375 denotes TNF
T7642 18507-18512 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7643 18587-18590 P01375 denotes TNF
T7644 18587-18592 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7645 18668-18671 P01375 denotes TNF
T7646 18668-18673 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7647 18912-18915 P01375 denotes TNF
T7648 18912-18917 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7649 18957-18960 P01375 denotes TNF
T7650 18957-18962 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7651 19060-19063 P01375 denotes TNF
T7652 19060-19065 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7653 19131-19134 P01375 denotes TNF
T7654 19131-19136 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T7655 19315-19318 P01375 denotes TNF
T7656 19315-19320 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T9091 21910-21916 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9092 22343-22349 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9093 22407-22413 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9094 22516-22556 P19256 denotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
T9095 22558-22562 P19256 denotes CD58
T9096 22786-22790 P08571 denotes CD14
T9097 23884-23890 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9098 24073-24079 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9099 24098-24102 P19256 denotes CD58
T9100 24159-24165 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9101 24278-24284 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9102 24361-24365 P19256 denotes CD58
T9700 25127-25133 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9701 25138-25141 P01375 denotes TNF
T9702 25138-25143 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T9703 25184-25190 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9704 25206-25209 P01375 denotes TNF
T9705 25206-25211 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T9706 25368-25374 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T9707 25379-25382 P01375 denotes TNF
T9708 25379-25384 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T9709 25395-25402 P60709 denotes β-actin
T10479 25858-25864 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T10480 25869-25872 P01375 denotes TNF
T10481 25869-25874 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T10482 26207-26217 P08659 denotes luciferase
T10483 26675-26678 P19838 denotes p50
T10484 26683-26686 P21579 denotes p65
T10485 26683-26686 Q04206 denotes p65
T10486 27286-27289 P19838 denotes p50
T10487 27294-27297 Q04206 denotes p65
T10488 27294-27297 P21579 denotes p65
T10489 27465-27468 P19838 denotes p50
T10490 27469-27472 P21579 denotes p65
T10491 27469-27472 Q04206 denotes p65
T10492 27576-27580 P25963 denotes IκBα
T10493 27652-27656 P25963 denotes IκBα
T10494 27722-27726 P25963 denotes IκBα
T10495 27806-27810 P25963 denotes IκBα
T10496 27829-27834 Q8IWZ3 denotes masks
T10497 27872-27875 Q04206 denotes p65
T10498 27872-27875 P21579 denotes p65
T13234 29647-29651 P00519 denotes able
T13235 30246-30250 P00519 denotes able
T13236 32564-32567 P01375 denotes TNF
T13237 32661-32664 P01375 denotes TNF
T13238 32833-32836 P01375 denotes TNF
T13239 33104-33107 P01375 denotes TNF
T13240 33271-33275 P08571 denotes CD14
T13241 33280-33284 O00206 denotes TLR4
T13242 33422-33426 P08571 denotes CD14
T13243 33636-33639 P01375 denotes TNF
T13244 33663-33666 P01375 denotes TNF
T13245 33851-33854 P01375 denotes TNF
T13246 33999-34002 P01375 denotes TNF
T13247 34169-34173 P08571 denotes CD14
T13248 34219-34222 P01375 denotes TNF
T13249 34246-34250 O00206 denotes TLR4
T13250 34385-34389 O00206 denotes TLR4
T13251 34481-34485 O00206 denotes TLR4
T13252 34740-34746 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13253 34812-34818 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13254 34986-34992 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13255 35394-35400 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13256 35412-35416 P19256 denotes CD58
T13257 35581-35587 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13258 35811-35817 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13259 35822-35825 P01375 denotes TNF
T13260 35822-35827 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T13261 35992-35996 P25963 denotes IκBα
T13262 36015-36018 Q04206 denotes p65
T13263 36015-36018 P21579 denotes p65
T13264 36023-36026 P19838 denotes p50
T13265 36093-36103 P08659 denotes luciferase
T13266 37284-37290 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13267 37295-37298 P01375 denotes TNF
T13268 37295-37300 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T13269 37362-37368 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13270 38210-38216 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13271 38240-38246 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T13272 38303-38306 P01375 denotes TNF
T13273 38303-38308 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T16054 19538-19541 P01375 denotes TNF
T16055 19578-19581 P01375 denotes TNF
T16056 19683-19686 P01375 denotes TNF
T16057 19799-19802 P01375 denotes TNF
T16058 19972-19975 P01375 denotes TNF
T16059 20155-20158 P01375 denotes TNF
T16787 22978-22984 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T16788 23253-23259 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T16789 23431-23435 P08571 denotes CD14
T16790 23437-23443 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T16791 23449-23453 P19256 denotes CD58
T17120 24682-24688 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T17121 25051-25057 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T17362 25520-25526 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T17363 25531-25534 P01375 denotes TNF
T17364 25531-25536 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T17365 25636-25642 P05362 denotes ICAM-1
T17366 25647-25650 P01375 denotes TNF
T17367 25647-25652 P01375 denotes TNF-α
T17368 25712-25719 P60709 denotes β-actin
T17825 28126-28136 P08659 denotes luciferase
T17826 28457-28461 P25963 denotes IκBα
T17827 28826-28829 P19838 denotes p50
T17828 28826-28837 P19838 denotes p50 subunit
T17829 28839-28842 P19838 denotes p50
T17830 28853-28856 P21579 denotes p65
T17831 28853-28856 Q04206 denotes p65
T17832 28866-28869 P21579 denotes p65
T17833 28866-28869 Q04206 denotes p65
T17834 29158-29161 P19838 denotes p50
T17835 29158-29169 P19838 denotes p50 subunit
T17836 29179-29182 Q04206 denotes p65
T17837 29179-29182 P21579 denotes p65

test2

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue Negation Speculation
T36 45-52 Positive_regulation denotes Induces
T37 53-56 Protein denotes TNF
T38 57-66 Localization denotes Secretion
T39 71-77 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T40 78-90 Positive_regulation denotes Upregulation
T41 655-661 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T42 662-679 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T43 974-983 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T44 984-990 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T45 991-1001 Gene_expression denotes expression
T46 1209-1219 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T47 1220-1225 Protein denotes TNF-α
T48 1226-1236 Gene_expression denotes expression
T49 1241-1250 Localization denotes secretion
T719 2769-2773 Protein denotes IL-8
T720 2774-2784 Gene_expression denotes production
T721 4129-4138 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T722 4139-4145 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T723 4146-4156 Gene_expression denotes expression
T724 4158-4168 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T725 4169-4175 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T726 4176-4185 Regulation denotes dependent
T727 4212-4222 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T728 4223-4228 Protein denotes TNF-α
T729 4229-4239 Gene_expression denotes expression
T730 4244-4253 Localization denotes secretion
T3096 8374-8389 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T3097 8391-8394 Protein denotes MPO
T3098 8450-8453 Protein denotes MPO
T3099 8462-8471 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T4231 10453-10460 Binding denotes binding
T4574 10963-10966 Protein denotes TNF
T4575 11160-11165 Protein denotes TNF-α
T4576 11166-11167 Protein denotes β
T4577 11264-11267 Protein denotes TNF
T4739 12041-12048 Protein denotes β-actin
T4740 12176-12181 Protein denotes TNF-α
T4741 12312-12318 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T5231 12708-12718 Protein denotes luciferase
T5232 12899-12909 Protein denotes Luciferase
T5472 13595-13600 Protein denotes I-κBα
T6602 16230-16245 Protein denotes myeloperoxidase
T7185 878-17731 Positive_regulation denotes inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced
T7186 17732-17737 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7187 17738-17748 Gene_expression denotes Production true
T7188 17814-17823 Positive_regulation denotes stimulate
T7189 17824-17829 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7190 17830-17840 Gene_expression denotes production
T7191 17946-17951 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7192 17957-17964 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T7193 18051-18059 Positive_regulation denotes resulted
T7194 18087-18095 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7195 18099-18104 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7196 18105-18115 Gene_expression denotes production
T7197 18262-18270 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7198 18274-18279 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7199 18280-18290 Gene_expression denotes production
T7200 18338-18343 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7201 18344-18354 Gene_expression denotes production
T7202 18355-18364 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T7203 18459-18467 Gene_expression denotes secreted
T7204 18468-18473 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7205 18507-18512 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7206 18579-18586 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T7207 18587-18592 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7208 18593-18603 Gene_expression denotes production
T7209 18668-18673 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7210 18674-18682 Gene_expression denotes produced true
T7211 18719-18727 Gene_expression denotes produced
T7212 18751-18759 Localization denotes detected true
T7213 18900-18908 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7214 18912-18917 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7215 18918-18928 Gene_expression denotes production
T7216 18945-18953 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T7217 18957-18962 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7218 18963-18973 Gene_expression denotes production
T7219 19060-19065 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7220 19070-19078 Localization denotes released
T7221 19131-19136 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7222 19137-19147 Gene_expression denotes production
T7223 19315-19320 Protein denotes TNF-α
T7224 19321-19328 Localization denotes release
T8709 21910-21916 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8710 21917-21927 Gene_expression denotes Expression
T8711 21931-21938 Positive_regulation denotes Induced
T8712 22318-22328 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T8713 22329-22339 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8714 22343-22349 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8715 22351-22355 Protein denotes CD54
T8716 22395-22403 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T8717 22407-22413 Protein denotes ICAM-1 true
T8718 22414-22424 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8719 22516-22556 Protein denotes lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
T8720 22558-22562 Protein denotes CD58
T8721 22577-22584 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T8722 22651-22661 Gene_expression denotes expression
T8723 22770-22785 Protein denotes monocyte marker
T8724 22786-22790 Protein denotes CD14
T8725 22805-22812 Negative_regulation denotes reduced
T8726 23884-23890 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T8727 24278-24284 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T10000 25825-25835 Gene_expression denotes expression
T10001 25858-25864 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T10002 25869-25874 Protein denotes TNF-α
T10003 25878-25888 Regulation denotes controlled
T10004 25982-25993 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T10005 26195-26203 Positive_regulation denotes increase
T10006 26207-26217 Protein denotes luciferase
T10007 26353-26360 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10008 26576-26590 Protein denotes NF-κB subunits
T10009 26649-26656 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10010 26657-26667 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T10011 26675-26678 Protein denotes p50
T10012 26683-26686 Protein denotes p65
T10013 27259-27266 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T10014 27270-27278 Positive_regulation denotes increase true
T10015 27286-27289 Protein denotes p50
T10016 27294-27297 Protein denotes p65
T10017 27547-27558 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T10018 27566-27575 Protein denotes inhibitor
T10019 27576-27580 Protein denotes IκBα
T10020 27652-27656 Protein denotes IκBα
T10021 27657-27668 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T10022 27722-27726 Protein denotes IκBα
T10023 27740-27748 Protein_catabolism denotes degraded
T10024 27806-27810 Protein denotes IκBα
T10025 27839-27846 Entity denotes nuclear
T10026 27847-27859 Localization denotes localisation
T10027 27872-27875 Protein denotes p65
T11353 32550-32560 Gene_expression denotes production
T11354 32564-32567 Protein denotes TNF
T11355 32630-32637 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11356 32647-32657 Gene_expression denotes production
T11357 32661-32664 Protein denotes TNF
T11358 32825-32832 Gene_expression denotes produce
T11359 32833-32836 Protein denotes TNF
T11360 32875-32882 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11361 33104-33107 Protein denotes TNF
T11362 33108-33116 Localization denotes secreted
T11363 33124-33131 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11364 33170-33178 Localization denotes secreted
T11365 33235-33245 Binding denotes associated true
T11366 33271-33275 Protein denotes CD14
T11367 33280-33294 Protein denotes TLR4 receptors
T11368 33422-33426 Protein denotes CD14
T11369 33434-33443 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T11370 33474-33483 Gene_expression denotes expressed
T11371 33628-33635 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11372 33636-33639 Protein denotes TNF
T11373 33640-33649 Localization denotes secretion
T11374 33663-33666 Protein denotes TNF
T11375 33731-33739 Negative_regulation denotes decrease
T11376 33851-33854 Protein denotes TNF
T11377 33855-33863 Localization denotes secreted
T11378 33877-33884 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11379 33924-33931 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11380 33999-34002 Protein denotes TNF
T11381 34003-34012 Localization denotes secretion
T11382 34196-34205 Negative_regulation denotes inhibited
T11383 34211-34218 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11384 34219-34222 Protein denotes TNF
T11385 34223-34232 Localization denotes secretion
T11386 34246-34250 Protein denotes TLR4
T11387 34302-34310 Protein denotes receptor
T11388 34385-34389 Protein denotes TLR4
T11389 34393-34402 Positive_regulation denotes activated
T11390 34430-34439 Localization denotes secretion
T11391 34481-34485 Protein denotes TLR4
T11392 34704-34714 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11393 34722-34739 Protein denotes adhesion molecule
T11394 34740-34746 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11395 34751-34759 Positive_regulation denotes enhanced
T11396 34798-34808 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11397 34812-34818 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11398 34972-34982 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11399 34986-34992 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11400 34993-35000 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T11401 35363-35372 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11402 35373-35383 Gene_expression denotes expression true
T11403 35394-35400 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11404 35405-35410 Protein denotes LFA-3 true
T11405 35412-35416 Protein denotes CD58
T11406 35550-35557 Gene_expression denotes express
T11407 35561-35570 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11408 35581-35587 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11409 35588-35606 Protein denotes adhesion molecules
T11410 35779-35788 Regulation denotes regulates
T11411 35795-35806 Regulation denotes responsible
T11412 35811-35817 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11413 35822-35827 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11414 35828-35838 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11415 35977-35988 Protein_catabolism denotes degradation
T11416 35992-35996 Protein denotes IκBα
T11417 35998-36011 Localization denotes translocation
T11418 36015-36018 Protein denotes p65
T11419 36023-36026 Protein denotes p50
T11420 36044-36051 Entity denotes nucleus
T11421 36059-36069 Positive_regulation denotes activation
T11422 36093-36103 Protein denotes luciferase
T11423 36796-36806 Negative_regulation denotes suppressed
T11424 36807-36811 Protein denotes cdk4
T11425 36812-36822 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11426 37010-37013 Protein denotes p21
T11427 37043-37046 Protein denotes p21
T11428 37051-37055 Protein denotes cdk4
T11429 37056-37066 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11430 37248-37258 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11431 37284-37290 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11432 37295-37300 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11433 37301-37311 Gene_expression denotes production
T11434 37348-37358 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11435 37362-37368 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11436 38200-38209 Positive_regulation denotes increased
T11437 38210-38216 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11438 38217-38227 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11439 38229-38239 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T11440 38240-38246 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T11441 38292-38302 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T11442 38303-38308 Protein denotes TNF-α
T11443 38309-38319 Gene_expression denotes expression
T11444 38324-38333 Localization denotes secretion
T15824 19527-19537 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T15825 19538-19541 Protein denotes TNF
T15826 19542-19551 Localization denotes secretion
T15827 19578-19581 Protein denotes TNF
T15828 19582-19590 Localization denotes released
T15829 19683-19686 Protein denotes TNF
T15830 19687-19694 Localization denotes release
T15831 19695-19702 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15832 19799-19802 Protein denotes TNF
T15833 19803-19810 Localization denotes release
T15834 19811-19818 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15835 19972-19975 Protein denotes TNF
T15836 19976-19983 Localization denotes release
T15837 19984-19991 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T15838 20155-20158 Protein denotes TNF
T15839 20159-20166 Localization denotes release
T15840 20167-20174 Positive_regulation denotes induced
T16632 22967-22977 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T16633 22978-22984 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16634 22985-22995 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16635 23253-23259 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16636 23260-23270 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16637 23387-23397 Gene_expression denotes expression
T16638 23431-23435 Protein denotes CD14
T16639 23437-23443 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T16640 23449-23453 Protein denotes CD58
T17300 25509-25519 Positive_regulation denotes stimulated
T17301 25520-25526 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17302 25531-25536 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17303 25542-25552 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17304 25622-25632 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17305 25636-25642 Protein denotes ICAM-1
T17306 25647-25652 Protein denotes TNF-α
T17307 25712-25719 Protein denotes β-actin
T17308 25720-25730 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17507 28104-28111 Positive_regulation denotes driving true
T17508 28112-28122 Gene_expression denotes expression
T17509 28126-28136 Protein denotes luciferase
T17510 28457-28461 Protein denotes IκBα
T17511 28826-28829 Protein denotes p50
T17512 28839-28842 Protein denotes p50
T17513 28853-28856 Protein denotes p65
T17514 28866-28869 Protein denotes p65
T17515 29158-29161 Protein denotes p50
T17516 29179-29182 Protein denotes p65
R13 T37 T38 themeOf TNF,Secretion
R14 T38 T36 themeOf Secretion,Induces
R15 T39 T40 themeOf ICAM-1,Upregulation
R16 T40 T36 themeOf Upregulation,Induces
R17 T44 T45 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R18 T45 T43 themeOf expression,increased
R19 T47 T48 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R20 T48 T46 themeOf expression,stimulated
R21 T49 T46 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R564 T719 T720 themeOf IL-8,production
R565 T722 T723 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R566 T723 T721 themeOf expression,increased
R567 T726 T724 themeOf dependent,stimulated
R568 T728 T729 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R569 T729 T727 themeOf expression,stimulated
R570 T730 T727 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R2768 T3097 T3096 equivalentTo MPO,myeloperoxidase
R2769 T3098 T3099 themeOf MPO,expressed
R6388 T7186 T7187 themeOf TNF-α,Production
R6389 T7187 T7185 themeOf Production,"inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, arresting the cells in G1 phase. In addition, dCGN increased ICAM-1 expression in both PBM and THP-1 cells with a major effect seen after 40 kDa dCGN exposure. Also, dCGN stimulated monocyte aggregation in vitro that was prevented by incubation with anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Finally, dCGN stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion by both PBM and THP-1 cells. All these effects were linked to NF-κB activation. These data strongly suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have a pronounced effect on monocytes, characteristic of an inflammatory phenotype. Introduction Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight sulphated polysaccharide (>200 kDa) derived from red algae (Rhodophyceae). Three main forms of CGN have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. They differ from each other in sulphation degree and solubility [1], [2]. Native CGN is thought to be harmless and is widely used as a food additive to improve texture. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, acid treatment at high temperature (80°C) triggers CGN hydrolysis to lower molecular weight (<50 kDa) compounds known as poligeenan or degraded CGN (dCGN). These dCGNs induce inflammation and have been widely used as models of colitis in several species, including rats [3], rabbits [4] and guinea pigs [5]. The role of dCGN as a tumor-promoting factor remains controversial [4], [6]–[8]. Although the native form is thought to be harmless for human consumption, small amounts of dCGN are probably produced by acid hydrolysis during gastric digestion [9], [10] or interaction with intestinal bacteria [11], [12]. Whereas the effects of native and dCGN on intestinal inflammation have been extensively analyzed in animal models, only few studies have been conducted using human cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to native form CGN and IL-8 production by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, NCM460, via Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation [13], [14]. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation [15], [16]. Macrophage infiltration and accumulation is a common characteristic of intestinal diseases [17]. Macrophages represent 10% of total lamina propria cells, secrete a wide range of biologically active compounds and express cell-adhesion molecules. The immune cell response to an inflammatory stimulus seems to be amplified or directly generated by cells exposed to sulphated polysaccharides such as carrageenans. Indeed, inflammation induced by dCGN was associated with recruitment of macrophages to inflammation sites [18], [19]. Also, inflammation induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS), another sulphated compound, was directly associated with macrophages recruitment [20], since DSS still provoked inflammation after T-lymphocyte and NK cell depletion [20]. Although inflammation can be induced by dCGN, there are no data on human monocyte responses to dCGN exposure. Therefore, to investigate the effects of dCGN on human monocytes, normal Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBM) and tumoral monocyte/macrophage THP-1 cells were exposed to 10 kDa and 40 kDa dCGN. We found that dCGN inhibited THP-1 cell proliferation in vitro, increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent monocyte aggregation, and stimulated TNF-α expression and secretion. These responses were more pronounced after 40 kDa dCGN exposure and were linked to NF-κB activation. In addition, the 40 kDa dCGN, but not the 10 kDa dCGN induced in vivo colitis as shown by the inflammatory response in the rat colon. These results suggest that the degraded forms of CGN have an important effect on monocytes resulting in an inflammatory phenotype. Materials and Methods Preparation of Degraded Carrageenan Two preparations of degraded carrageenan with low, (∼10 kDa; C10), and medium, (∼40 kDa; C40) molecular weight were prepared from native iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosum (generously provided by Sanofi Biosystems Industry, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Native carrageenan was dissolved in distilled water (5% w/v) under vigorous stirring and heated to 60°C. Then, the carrageenan solution was submitted to two different treatments to obtain both low and medium molecular weight fractions. Briefly, for the low molecular weight fraction, carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 min at 80°C. After neutralization with NaOH 4N, the solution was ultra filtered through a hollow fibre cartridge with MW cut-off 5 kDa, (Amicon Inc, Beverly, USA). For the medium molecular weight fraction, the carrageenan solution was hydrolyzed with 0.3% (v/v) concentrated sulphuric acid for 30 min at 60°C. After neutralization, the supernatant was ultra filtered (MW cut-off 100 kDa). The filtrate was submitted to a second ultra filtration (MW cut-off 5 kDa). Both preparations of dCGN were precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, dried at room temperature and ground to small particles (1 mm in diameter). Using gel-permeation chromatography in combination with light scattering measurements (see Viebke et al. [21]), it was confirmed that the low fraction had an average molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the medium fraction of 40 kDa. The sulphate content of polysaccharides in both fractions was measured following the method of Quemener et al. [22]. Finally, the absence of polysaccharide structure modifications in the two fractions was confirmed using 2H-NMR spectroscopy. The absence of LPS contamination in the two fractions was confirmed using the e-Toxate® kit (Sigma, St Quentin Fallavier, France). Before use in cell culture, the two fractions were dissolved in complete medium during 30 min at 56°C. Animals, Chemicals and Diet Male Wistar rats (150 g average weight) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum with standard rodent laboratory chow. Degraded iota-carrageenans were administered in the drinking water (5% w/v) for 55 days to 2 groups of six animals each. The first group received the low molecular weight carrageenan (10 kDa dCGN) and the second received the medium molecular weight carrageenan (40 kDa dCGN). An additional group of four rats were maintained on regular tap water (control group). To increase palatability 0.2% sucrose was added to the drinking water of all groups (Van der Waaji et al., [23]). Fresh carrageenan solutions were prepared daily. Evaluation of Colitis Body weight, liquid and food consumption, diarrhea and rectal bleeding (detected by eye inspection) were recorded throughout the feeding period. After 55 days, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The length of the colon was measured as described by Okayashu et al. [24]. Then, each colon was ligated in sections of 2 cm and 1 to 2 ml of 10% formalin was infused into the intestinal lumen. The moderately distended segment was sectioned and fixed in 10% formalin. The following day, the intestinal content was removed by vortexing. The fixed segment was kept in 10% formalin at 4°C until the paraffin embedding procedure. To evaluate the degree of inflammation, this segment of colon was opened longitudinally and macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation were recorded as previously described [25], [26]. The toluidine blue staining was used for identification of sulphated polysaccharides in the intestinal mucosa. On the day of sacrifice, a fresh sample of each colon (50 mg) was collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay according to Krawisz et al., [27]. The level of MPO, mainly expressed by neutrophils, indicates the rate of recruitment of neutrophils to the intestinal mucosa. One unit of MPO activity corresponds to the degradation of 1 µmol of peroxide per minute at 25°C. Cell Culture All tissue culture reagents were from Invitrogen (Cergy Pontoise, France). THP-1 human monocytic cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from heparinized blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Monocytes were then isolated by adherence to culture flasks as described [28]. For cell aggregation, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of C10 or C40 for 72 h. Cell colonies were monitored under an inverted phase contrast microscope coupled through a video camera to a computer. In some wells, neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (2.5 µg/ml) (Tebu, Le Perray en Yvelines, France) was added. Cell Cycle Analysis THP-1 cells in exponential growth phase were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenans for 24 h before being stained with propidium iodide using the DNA-Prep Coulter kit according to the manufacturer's instruction (Beckman-Coulter, Villepinte, France). Cell DNA content was then analyzed by flow cytometry using an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). Raw data for the distribution of DNA content of 30,000 cells retrieved from the cytometer were expressed as the percentage of G0/G1 through G2/M populations. Multicycle AV software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA) was used to generate DNA content frequency histograms and facilitate data analysis. Cell Surface Antigen Expression Analysis Peripheral Blood Monocytes or THP-1 cells were exposed to complete medium in the presence or absence of carrageenan for 36 h. After two washes in PBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+, cells were incubated in PBS containing 0.1% gelatin and 8% AB human serum to prevent binding to Fc receptors. Then, 5×105 cells were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C for 30 min. Two other washes in PBS preceded incubation with FITC-conjugated goat antibody anti-mouse IgG diluted 1/1000 at 4°C for 30 min (Tebu). After two additional washes, analysis of stained cells was performed on an EPICS XL2 (Beckman-Coulter). The cell population was gated according to its forward and wide-angle light scattering. Data were expressed as mean relative fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 3000 cells. TNF Activity Bioassay Monocytes or THP-1 cells were cultured with or without different concentrations of CGNs or LPS (Salmonella typhosa, Sigma) for 24 h or the indicated time. Biologically active TNF-α/β in tissue culture supernatant was measured using the WEHI 164 clone 13-cell killing assay [29]. TNF concentrations are expressed as pg/ml. RT-PCR Analysis Total RNA from monocytes was isolated using TRIzol Reagent™ (Invitrogen). cDNA was generated on 1 µg of total RNA in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). PCR was done in the linear range of amplification (determined for each primer pair-cDNA combination). Standard PCR reactions were performed with 1 µl of the cDNA solution, 50 µM of each primer solution, 10 mM of each dNTP, 25 mM MgCl2, 10X Goldstar DNA polymerase reaction buffer, and 0.5 units of Goldstar DNA polymerase (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium). First PCR cycle consisted of 1 min at 92°C, 1 min at 58°C and 1 min at 72°C; then each PCR cycle consisted of 40 sec at 92°C, 40 sec at 58°C and 50 sec at 72°C. cDNA for β-actin was amplified for 28 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-GGCATCGTGATGGACTCCG-3′ and antisense 5′GCTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGA-3′. cDNA for TNF-α was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos: sense 5′-AAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGT-3′ and antisense 5′-CAGATAGATGGGCTCATACC-3′. cDNA for ICAM-1 was amplified for 35 cycles using the oligos sense 5′-GTAGCAGCCGCAGTCATAATGG-3′ and antisense 5′-A TGCTGTTGTATCTGACTGAGG-3′. NF-kB Transcription Reporter Gene Assay The plasmid 3XMHC-luc (a generous gift from Drs. J. Westwick and D.A. Brenner, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) contains three copies of NF-κB-responsive element from the MHC class I locus, placed upstream of the luciferase gene. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were transiently transfected as previously described [30], and then cultured for 4 h alone or with increasing concentration of either C10 or C40. Luciferase activity was determined using a luminometer (Monolight 2010 Luminometer, Ann Arbor, MI). Western Blot Analysis THP-1 cells were stimulated for various lengths of time with 0.1 mg/ml C10 or C40, or 10 µg/ml LPS. Cells were then pelleted, washed and homogenised in lysis buffer (10 mM Hepes, pH 7.9, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.6% NP-40, and 0.5 mM PMSF) on ice. Homogenates were sonicated, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm to remove cellular debris, and supernatant collected. Protein concentration was determined using the DC Protein Assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins in samples (15 µg total proteins) were resolved in a denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. I-κBα protein was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA) followed by a horseradish peroxidase-coupled goat polyclonal antibody against rabbit Ig (Caltag Laboratories). Finally, IκB bands were revealed using the ECL™ detection system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Les Ullis, France) according to the manufacturers' instruction. Antibody to α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz) was use as loading control. For nuclear NF-κB, THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 mg/ml C10 or C40 for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then pelleted and nuclei separated as described [31]. Nuclei were washed and homogenized directly in loading (Laemli) buffer and heated for 5 minutes at 100°C. Proteins in samples were resolved in a denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Membranes were incubated in blocking buffer (1% BSA, in PBS) for two hours at room temperature. Membranes were subsequently probed with the corresponding antibody in blocking buffer, overnight. Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-NF-κB p50 subunit (# sc-114) or anti-NF-κB p65 subunit (# sc-109) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology were used. Membranes were washed six times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, 5 minutes each time, and incubated with a 1/3000 dilution of HRP-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-rabbit IgG in 5% nonfat dry milk and 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing six more times in PBS with 0.05% Tween 20, antibody-reactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence substrate (SuperSignal; Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To confirm that equivalent amounts of protein were loaded in each line, membranes were also Western blotted for ERK as described [32]. Analysis of NF-κB Activation by Flow Cytometry Nuclear activation of NF−κΒ by flow cytometry was performed as described [31]. Statistical Analysis The results were expressed as the mean value ± S.E.M. of individual experiments. The statistical significance of the differences between mean values was assessed by the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Degraded CGN Induce Colonic Inflammation All rats developed diarrhea during degraded carrageenan administration and gross evidence of blood was frequently detected in the stools. Colon length dramatically decreased in all treated rats with a more pronounced effect being observed in the 40 kDa dCGN treated group (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, prolonged exposure to 40 kDa dCGN resulted in high macroscopic and histological scores of inflammation (Fig. 1B, C). Only weak myeloperoxidase activity was detected in both control and dCGN-treated groups (Fig. 1D), indicating that granulocytes did not play a major role in the inflammation at that stage. Histological examination revealed various degrees of mucosal inflammation. Rats treated with 10 kDa dCGN showed edema, epithelium atrophy and slight lymphocyte infiltration (data not shown). These symptoms were totally absent in the colon of control rats (Fig. 1E). More severe mucosal injuries including ulceration, hyperplastic epithelium, crypt distortion and a strong macrophage infiltration, were observed in the 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (Fig. 1F). No sulphated polysaccharides were detected by toluidine blue staining of colon mucosa from rats treated with either the 10 or 40 kDa dCGN (not shown). Although we cannot exclude that dCGN mat not have retained in the section during the histology procedure, this indicates that these polymers may not have been phagocytosed. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008666.g001 Figure 1 Degraded CGN induced colon inflammation in rats. Histograms showing the effect of degraded CGN on: colon length (A); macroscopic (B) and histological (C) inflammation score of colon; Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (D). Control rats (white bars); 10 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (grey bars); 40 kDa degraded CGN-treated rats (black bars). * p<0.05 from control. ** p<0.01 from control. Histological analysis of colon from control rats (E), and from 40 kDa dCGN-treated rats (F). Degraded CGN Induced"
R6390 T7189 T7190 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6391 T7190 T7188 themeOf production,stimulate
R6392 T7194 T7193 themeOf increase,resulted
R6393 T7195 T7196 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6394 T7196 T7194 themeOf production,increase
R6395 T7198 T7199 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6396 T7199 T7197 themeOf production,increase
R6397 T7200 T7201 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6398 T7201 T7202 themeOf production,increased
R6399 T7204 T7203 themeOf TNF-α,secreted
R6400 T7207 T7208 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6401 T7208 T7206 themeOf production,induced
R6402 T7209 T7212 themeOf TNF-α,detected
R6403 T7209 T7210 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R6404 T7209 T7211 themeOf TNF-α,produced
R6405 T7214 T7215 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6406 T7215 T7213 themeOf production,increase
R6407 T7217 T7218 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6408 T7218 T7216 themeOf production,increase
R6409 T7219 T7220 themeOf TNF-α,released
R6410 T7221 T7222 themeOf TNF-α,production
R6411 T7223 T7224 themeOf TNF-α,release
R7661 T8709 T8710 themeOf ICAM-1,Expression
R7662 T8710 T8711 themeOf Expression,Induced
R7663 T8713 T8712 themeOf expression,stimulated
R7664 T8714 T8713 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R7665 T8715 T8713 themeOf CD54,expression
R7666 T8715 T8714 equivalentTo CD54,ICAM-1
R7667 T8717 T8718 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R7668 T8718 T8716 themeOf expression,increase
R7669 T8719 T8721 themeOf lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3,reduced
R7670 T8720 T8719 equivalentTo CD58,lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3
R7671 T8722 T8725 themeOf expression,reduced
R7672 T8723 T8722 themeOf monocyte marker,expression
R7673 T8724 T8722 themeOf CD14,expression
R8656 T10000 T10003 themeOf expression,controlled
R8657 T10001 T10000 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R8658 T10002 T10000 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R8659 T10006 T10005 themeOf luciferase,increase
R8660 T10010 T10009 themeOf activation,induced
R8661 T10011 T10010 themeOf p50,activation
R8662 T10012 T10010 themeOf p65,activation
R8663 T10014 T10013 themeOf increase,induced
R8664 T10015 T10014 themeOf p50,increase
R8665 T10016 T10014 themeOf p65,increase
R8666 T10019 T10018 themeOf IκBα,inhibitor
R8667 T10019 T10017 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R8668 T10020 T10021 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R8669 T10022 T10023 themeOf IκBα,degraded
R9663 T11354 T11353 themeOf TNF,production
R9664 T11356 T11355 themeOf production,induced
R9665 T11357 T11356 themeOf TNF,production
R9666 T11359 T11358 themeOf TNF,produce
R9667 T11361 T11362 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9668 T11361 T11364 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9669 T11362 T11363 themeOf secreted,induced
R9670 T11366 T11365 themeOf CD14,associated
R9671 T11367 T11365 themeOf TLR4 receptors,associated
R9672 T11368 T11370 themeOf CD14,expressed
R9673 T11368 T11369 themeOf CD14,expressed
R9674 T11372 T11373 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9675 T11373 T11371 themeOf secretion,induced
R9676 T11376 T11377 themeOf TNF,secreted
R9677 T11377 T11378 themeOf secreted,induced
R9678 T11377 T11379 themeOf secreted,induced
R9679 T11378 T11379 themeOf induced,induced
R9680 T11380 T11381 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9681 T11383 T11382 themeOf induced,inhibited
R9682 T11384 T11385 themeOf TNF,secretion
R9683 T11385 T11383 themeOf secretion,induced
R9684 T11388 T11390 themeOf TLR4,secretion
R9685 T11388 T11389 themeOf TLR4,activated
R9686 T11392 T11395 themeOf expression,enhanced
R9687 T11393 T11392 themeOf adhesion molecule,expression
R9688 T11394 T11392 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9689 T11397 T11396 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9690 T11398 T11400 themeOf expression,induced
R9691 T11399 T11398 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9692 T11402 T11401 themeOf expression,increased
R9693 T11403 T11402 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9694 T11404 T11402 themeOf LFA-3,expression
R9695 T11405 T11404 equivalentTo CD58,LFA-3
R9696 T11406 T11407 themeOf express,increased
R9697 T11408 T11409 themeOf ICAM-1,adhesion molecules
R9698 T11408 T11406 themeOf ICAM-1,express
R9699 T11408 T11407 themeOf ICAM-1,increased
R9700 T11409 T11407 themeOf adhesion molecules,increased
R9701 T11411 T11410 themeOf responsible,regulates
R9702 T11412 T11414 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9703 T11413 T11414 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9704 T11414 T11411 themeOf expression,responsible
R9705 T11416 T11415 themeOf IκBα,degradation
R9706 T11418 T11417 themeOf p65,translocation
R9707 T11419 T11417 themeOf p50,translocation
R9708 T11420 T11417 locationOf nucleus,translocation
R9709 T11424 T11425 themeOf cdk4,expression
R9710 T11425 T11423 themeOf expression,suppressed
R9711 T11427 T11429 themeOf p21,expression
R9712 T11428 T11429 themeOf cdk4,expression
R9713 T11431 T11433 themeOf ICAM-1,production
R9714 T11432 T11433 themeOf TNF-α,production
R9715 T11435 T11434 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9716 T11437 T11438 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R9717 T11438 T11436 themeOf expression,increased
R9718 T11442 T11443 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R9719 T11443 T11441 themeOf expression,stimulated
R9720 T11444 T11441 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13568 T15825 T15826 themeOf TNF,secretion
R13569 T15826 T15824 themeOf secretion,stimulated
R13570 T15827 T15828 themeOf TNF,released
R13571 T15829 T15830 themeOf TNF,release
R13572 T15830 T15831 themeOf release,induced
R13573 T15832 T15833 themeOf TNF,release
R13574 T15833 T15834 themeOf release,induced
R13575 T15835 T15836 themeOf TNF,release
R13576 T15836 T15837 themeOf release,induced
R13577 T15838 T15839 themeOf TNF,release
R13578 T15839 T15840 themeOf release,induced
R14256 T16633 T16634 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14257 T16634 T16632 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14258 T16635 T16636 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14259 T16638 T16637 themeOf CD14,expression
R14260 T16639 T16637 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14261 T16640 T16637 themeOf CD58,expression
R14815 T17301 T17303 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14816 T17302 T17303 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14817 T17303 T17300 themeOf expression,stimulated
R14818 T17305 T17304 themeOf ICAM-1,expression
R14819 T17306 T17304 themeOf TNF-α,expression
R14820 T17307 T17308 themeOf β-actin,expression
R14944 T17508 T17507 themeOf expression,driving
R14945 T17509 T17508 themeOf luciferase,expression
R14946 T17512 T17511 equivalentTo p50,p50
R14947 T17514 T17513 equivalentTo p65,p65