PMC:2778502 / 3468-4427 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":59,"end":67},"obj":"PATO_0000380"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":68,"end":71},"obj":"PATO_0000322"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":658,"end":661},"obj":"PATO_0000322"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":258,"end":268},"obj":"PATO_0001668"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":176,"end":181},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":210,"end":215},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":306,"end":310},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":187,"end":198},"obj":"PATO_0000085"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":337,"end":344},"obj":"PATO_0000392"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":437,"end":452},"obj":"CHEBI_71416"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":454,"end":468},"obj":"CHEBI_71415"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":530,"end":539},"obj":"CHEBI_63580"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":628,"end":637},"obj":"CHEBI_63580"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":802,"end":811},"obj":"CHEBI_63580"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":684,"end":687},"obj":"CHEBI_15422"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":684,"end":687},"obj":"CHEBI_30616"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":735,"end":741},"obj":"PATO_0001020"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":864,"end":873},"obj":"CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":883,"end":897},"obj":"CHEBI_81579"}],"text":"3. Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemias\nG6PD deficiency is the most frequent red cell enzymopathy associated with hemolysis. Hemolysis may be precipitated by infection, fava beans, and drugs. The sensitivity to various drugs depends on the inherited mutation and the associated degree of deficiency. In most cases, drug-induced hemolysis is self-limited. The deficiency is X-linked, so manifested more commonly and severely in males. Primaquine, phenazopyridine, nitrofurantoin, and certain sulfas have been associated with hemolysis [5].\nRibavirin, used with peginterferon for treatment of hepatitis C, has been associated with anemia. Ribavirin concentrates within red blood cells, depletes ATP, and promotes hemolysis via oxidative membrane damage. While the anemia will improve by stopping or dose-reducing ribavirin, such strategies may compromise the efficacy of the antiviral therapy. Erythropoietin has been reported to be helpful in moderating the anemia [6]."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"19960059-7949118-1061310","span":{"begin":526,"end":527},"obj":"7949118"},{"id":"19960059-17397412-1061311","span":{"begin":956,"end":957},"obj":"17397412"}],"text":"3. Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemias\nG6PD deficiency is the most frequent red cell enzymopathy associated with hemolysis. Hemolysis may be precipitated by infection, fava beans, and drugs. The sensitivity to various drugs depends on the inherited mutation and the associated degree of deficiency. In most cases, drug-induced hemolysis is self-limited. The deficiency is X-linked, so manifested more commonly and severely in males. Primaquine, phenazopyridine, nitrofurantoin, and certain sulfas have been associated with hemolysis [5].\nRibavirin, used with peginterferon for treatment of hepatitis C, has been associated with anemia. Ribavirin concentrates within red blood cells, depletes ATP, and promotes hemolysis via oxidative membrane damage. While the anemia will improve by stopping or dose-reducing ribavirin, such strategies may compromise the efficacy of the antiviral therapy. Erythropoietin has been reported to be helpful in moderating the anemia [6]."}