PMC:2700745 / 43718-44847 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"19176218-16917113-100518394","span":{"begin":307,"end":311},"obj":"16917113"},{"id":"19176218-16917113-100518394","span":{"begin":307,"end":311},"obj":"16917113"},{"id":"19176218-12724572-3579313","span":{"begin":1080,"end":1084},"obj":"12724572"},{"id":"19176218-12724572-3579313","span":{"begin":1080,"end":1084},"obj":"12724572"},{"id":"19176218-14575089-3579314","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1128},"obj":"14575089"},{"id":"19176218-14575089-3579314","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1128},"obj":"14575089"}],"text":"In one ARDS model using six to eight-week-old BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with influenza virus A H5N1 (A/Chicken/Hebei/108/2002), the animals developed typical ARDS, with highly edematous lungs, dramatic increases in lung weights, progressively more hypoxemia and 80% mortality by day 8 (Xu et al., 2006). Histological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltrates in the alveoli with a significant increase in neutrophils, interstitial edema and hemorrhage. Levels of TNF-α and L-6 in bronchiolar lavage fluids were significantly increased. The model thus displayed some of the more significant signs and symptoms associated with ARDS in humans. A summary of current animal models available for studying ARDS in H5N1 influenza is shown in Table 6 .\nTable 6 Summary of current animal models available for studying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developing in the setting of H5N1 avian influenza.\nVirus Animal Model References\nInfluenza A H5N1 Mouse (BALB/c) Xu et al. (2006)\nA/Chicken/Hebei/108/2002\n\u2028\u2028\nInfluenza A H5N1 Cynomolgus macaques Kuiken et al. (2003)\nA/HongKong/156/97 Rimmelzwaan et al. (2003)"}