PMC:2675008 / 11390-14110 JSONTXT

{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2675008","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2675008","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2675008","text":"Table 2 Baseline values and total fluids (oral plus intravenous) given until birth\nControl group elective caesarean (n = 26) n(%) Total fluids given until birth Chi-square P value Fischer P value\nFluid group 1 \u003c1000 ml (n = 113) n(%) Fluid group 2 1000–2500 ml (n = 87) n(%) Fluid group 3 \u003e2500 ml (n = 61) n(%)\nInitial groups*\nVaginal \u003c4 hours — 88 (78) 20 (23) 1 (2)\nVaginal \u003e4 hours, no epidural — 13 (12) 34 (39) 6 (10)\nVaginal \u003e4 hours with epidural — 0 (0) 30 (34) 40 (66)\nEmergency caesarean section — 12 (11) 3 (3) 14 (23)\nElective caesarean section 26 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)\nParity\nNullipara 12 (46) 23 (20) 44 (51) 46 (75)\nMultipara 14 (54) 90 (80) 43 (49) 15 (25) \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001\nComplications\nGestational diabetes 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (3) 0 (0)\nPre-eclampsia 0 (0) 3 (3) 0 (0) 5 (8)\nHypertension 0 (0) 5 (4) 1 (1) 1 (2)\nOnset of labour\nNone 26 (100) 5 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0)\nInduction — 8 (7) 7 (8) 8 (13)\nSpontaneous — 100 (88) 80 (92) 53 (87) 0.455**\nDelivery\nVaginal, spontaneous — 98 (87) 71 (82) 37 (61) 0.001*** 0.001\nVaginal, instrumental*** — 3 (3) 13 (15) 10 (16)\nCaesarean section 26 (100) 12 (11) 3 (3) 14 (23)\nIndication for caesarean section\nBreech 17 (65) 6 (5) 0 (0) 0 (0)\nPrevious uterine operation 7 (27) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)\nFetal asphyxia — 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (2)\nFailure to progress — 2 (2) 2 (2) 12 (20)\nOthers 2 (8) 3 (3) 0 (0) 1 (2)\nAnalgesia\nEpidural**** — 1 (1) 36 (41) 52 (85)\nSpinal — 1 (1) 3 (3) 0 (0)\nOxytocin\nYes — 14 (12) 57 (66) 59 (97) \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001\n≥5 units — 1 (1) 12 (14) 27 (44) 0.012*****\nMaternal p-Na\n≤130 mmol/l 0 (0) 1 (1) 4 (5) 16 (26) \u003c0.001 0.001\nMaternal p-glucose\n\u003e12 mmol/l 0 (0) 2 (2) 2 (2) 7 (11) 0.013 0.009\nInfant\nApgar \u003c7 at 1 minute 0 (0) 4 (4) 5 (6) 5 (8) 0.219\nApgar \u003c7 at 5 minutes 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0)\nWeight loss \u003e10% 1 (4) 2 (2) 3 (3) 5 (8) 0.050\nHypoglycaemia 2 (8) 4 (4) 3 (3) 2 (3) 1.00\nRespiratory problem 1 (4) 5 (4) 7 (8) 8 (13) 0.065\nGroup differences are compared with chi-square test. When significant differences are found or when cases are few, Fischer's exact test is performed to analyse differences between fluid groups 1 and 3.\n* Vaginal \u003c4 hours or \u003c4 hours: Vaginal delivery, labour of shorter or longer duration than 4 hours. Epidural: epidural or spinal analgesia.\n** Induction versus spontaneous onset of labour.\n*** Vaginal spontaneous delivery versus instrumental vaginal delivery plus delivery by emergency caesarean section.\n**** One woman received combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labour.\n***** Calculation only includes women who received oxytocin for augmentation of 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