PMC:2668061 / 12297-15065 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"19061982-11254456-2048683","span":{"begin":101,"end":103},"obj":"11254456"},{"id":"19061982-15202071-2048683","span":{"begin":101,"end":103},"obj":"15202071"},{"id":"19061982-11254456-2048684","span":{"begin":135,"end":137},"obj":"11254456"},{"id":"19061982-10577916-2048685","span":{"begin":299,"end":302},"obj":"10577916"},{"id":"19061982-15202071-2048686","span":{"begin":472,"end":474},"obj":"15202071"},{"id":"19061982-18551166-2048687","span":{"begin":553,"end":555},"obj":"18551166"},{"id":"19061982-15202071-2048688","span":{"begin":822,"end":824},"obj":"15202071"},{"id":"19061982-17909833-2048689","span":{"begin":1133,"end":1135},"obj":"17909833"},{"id":"19061982-11254456-2048690","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1289},"obj":"11254456"},{"id":"19061982-15202071-2048690","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1289},"obj":"15202071"},{"id":"19061982-15202071-2048691","span":{"begin":1427,"end":1429},"obj":"15202071"}],"text":"Comparative data\nComparative data for North African populations were obtained from the literature.34,47 For Moroccan and Saharawi data,34 haplogroup resolution was increased to facilitate comparison with haplogroups determined here by the consideration of previously published data on the marker 12f248 and by typing of the hgG-defining marker M201 on chromosomes belonging to hgF∗(xH,I,J,K). Haplogroup G was also undetermined in the published Algerian and Tunisian data,47 so this haplogroup was predicted from Y-STR haplotypes via a published method.49 We used the Bayesian and support vector machine (SVM) approaches, with our Iberian sample as the training set, and we based the predictions on the 14 Y-STRs (the list above, omitting DYS385a/b, and DYS460-462) that are shared between our data and the published data.47 A single Algerian chromosome among the ten hgF∗(xH,I,J,K) cases was predicted with high confidence to belong to hgG (100% [Bayesian] and 96% [SVM]); this low level of the haplogroup in North Africa is consistent with the Moroccan and Saharawi samples and with an independently published set of Algerian data.50 In comparisons among Iberian samples typed here, 17 Y-STRs were considered; when comparisons were done with published data on North African samples,34,47 the number of Y-STRs was reduced to eight for compatibility with the published data, after adjustment of allele nomenclature for DYS389I.47\nComparative data for Sephardic Jewish populations were extracted from a large collection of Y haplotypes assembled by D.M.B. and K.S. The term “Sephardic Jews” is used here in its narrow sense,51 referring to Jewish men deriving from originally Ladino-speaking communities that emanated directly from the Iberian Exile. Included males noted in their informed consents that they, their fathers, and their paternal grandfathers are Sephardic Jews from the specified community. A sample of 174 males was compiled (Table S1), made up of self-defined Sephardic Jewish males either from the Iberian Peninsula itself or from countries that received major migrations of Sephardic Jews after the expulsion of 1492–1496, as follows: Belmonte, Portugal (16); Bulgaria (49); Djerba (13); Greece (2); Spain (3); Turkey (91). Countries that received exiles from the Iberian Peninsula but that themselves had substantial preexisting Jewish communities (Italy and the North African countries) were not included. Haplogroups were equivalent to those typed in the Iberian Peninsula samples, except that sublineages of hgR1b3 were not defined. In haplogroup comparisons, therefore, all of these sublineages were combined into hgR1b3 (also known as R-M269) itself. Data on eight Y-STRs were available, allowing comparison with Iberian and North African data."}