PMC:2427286 / 5863-7119 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"18374297-11073453-2052347","span":{"begin":501,"end":503},"obj":"11073453"},{"id":"18374297-15959808-2052348","span":{"begin":505,"end":507},"obj":"15959808"},{"id":"18374297-12781138-2052349","span":{"begin":509,"end":511},"obj":"12781138"},{"id":"18374297-17275346-2052350","span":{"begin":513,"end":515},"obj":"17275346"},{"id":"18374297-11073453-2052351","span":{"begin":896,"end":898},"obj":"11073453"}],"text":"In addition to the contemporary subjects, we needed estimates of the likely genetic composition of the Crusaders. Historical sources17, 18, 19 show that four Crusades reached Lebanon—the first, second, third, and sixth—and that the main populations contributing were the French, Germans, English, and Italians; these sources suggest that the approximate numbers of men participating from the four countries were similar (Table 1). Y haplogroup frequencies are known in each of these modern populations12, 13, 14, 15, so if we assume that haplogroup frequencies were similar at the time of the Crusades, a weighted average western European haplogroup composition can be constructed (Table 2). This needed to be provided as numbers rather than frequencies for the tests described below. We therefore first scaled the total contribution from each country according to the smallest sample (the French12, n = 45) to produce the “weighted total” column in Table 2. We then divided each weighted total by the haplogroup frequency in that country to give a weighted number for each haplogroup from each country. Finally, we calculated the sum of these weighted numbers for each haplogroup and used the closest integer (bottom row in Table 2) in the analyses below."}