Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T988 |
0-3 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T989 |
14-24 |
NN |
denotes |
checkpoint |
T990 |
4-13 |
NN |
denotes |
pachytene |
T991 |
28-33 |
VBN |
denotes |
known |
T992 |
25-27 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T993 |
34-36 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T994 |
37-44 |
VB |
denotes |
monitor |
T995 |
45-48 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T996 |
49-56 |
NNS |
denotes |
aspects |
T997 |
57-59 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T998 |
60-67 |
JJ |
denotes |
meiotic |
T999 |
79-89 |
NN |
denotes |
metabolism |
T1000 |
68-78 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T1001 |
90-92 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1002 |
93-95 |
NNP |
denotes |
S. |
T1003 |
96-106 |
NNP |
denotes |
cerevisiae |
T1004 |
107-110 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T1005 |
111-113 |
NNP |
denotes |
C. |
T1006 |
114-121 |
NNP |
denotes |
elegans |
T1007 |
121-123 |
: |
denotes |
: |
T1008 |
123-124 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T1009 |
124-125 |
LS |
denotes |
1 |
T1010 |
131-137 |
NN |
denotes |
repair |
T1011 |
125-126 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T1012 |
127-130 |
NN |
denotes |
DSB |
T1013 |
138-141 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T1014 |
142-143 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T1015 |
143-144 |
LS |
denotes |
2 |
T1016 |
157-165 |
NN |
denotes |
synapsis |
T1017 |
144-145 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T1018 |
146-156 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T1019 |
166-167 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T1020 |
169-171 |
CD |
denotes |
12 |
T1021 |
167-168 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T1022 |
168-169 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1023 |
171-172 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T1024 |
172-173 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T1025 |
173-435 |
sentence |
denotes |
In mice, both spermatocytes and oocytes harboring mutations that disrupt DSB repair (such as Dmc1, Msh5, and Atm) are efficiently eliminated in pachynema, but spermatocytes are much more sensitive to DSB repair–independent synapsis defects than oocytes [13–15]. |
T1026 |
174-176 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T1027 |
304-314 |
VBN |
denotes |
eliminated |
T1028 |
177-181 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T1029 |
181-183 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1030 |
183-187 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T1031 |
188-201 |
NNS |
denotes |
spermatocytes |
T1032 |
202-205 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T1033 |
206-213 |
NNS |
denotes |
oocytes |
T1034 |
214-223 |
VBG |
denotes |
harboring |
T1035 |
224-233 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T1036 |
234-238 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T1037 |
239-246 |
VBP |
denotes |
disrupt |
T1038 |
247-250 |
NN |
denotes |
DSB |
T1039 |
251-257 |
NN |
denotes |
repair |
T1040 |
258-259 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T1041 |
259-263 |
JJ |
denotes |
such |
T1042 |
264-266 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T1043 |
267-271 |
NN |
denotes |
Dmc1 |
T1044 |
271-273 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1045 |
273-277 |
NN |
denotes |
Msh5 |
T1046 |
277-279 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1047 |
279-282 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T1048 |
283-286 |
NN |
denotes |
Atm |
T1049 |
286-287 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T1050 |
288-291 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T1051 |
292-303 |
RB |
denotes |
efficiently |
T1052 |
315-317 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1053 |
318-327 |
NN |
denotes |
pachynema |
T1054 |
327-329 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1055 |
329-332 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T1056 |
333-346 |
NNS |
denotes |
spermatocytes |
T1057 |
347-350 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T1058 |
351-355 |
RB |
denotes |
much |
T1059 |
356-360 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T1060 |
361-370 |
JJ |
denotes |
sensitive |
T1061 |
371-373 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T1062 |
374-377 |
NN |
denotes |
DSB |
T1063 |
406-413 |
NNS |
denotes |
defects |
T1064 |
378-384 |
NN |
denotes |
repair |
T1065 |
385-396 |
JJ |
denotes |
independent |
T1066 |
384-385 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T1067 |
397-405 |
NN |
denotes |
synapsis |
T1068 |
414-418 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T1069 |
419-426 |
NNS |
denotes |
oocytes |
T1070 |
427-428 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T1071 |
428-430 |
CD |
denotes |
13 |
T1072 |
430-431 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T1073 |
431-433 |
CD |
denotes |
15 |
T1074 |
433-434 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T1075 |
434-435 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T1076 |
435-786 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, because recombination is required for synapsis in mice (mutations in recombination genes such as Dmc1 cause extensive asynapsis [16]), it has remained formally uncertain whether there is a distinct pachytene checkpoint that responds to defects in meiotic recombination, and if so, whether it would be identical to that used in somatic cells. |
T1077 |
436-443 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T1078 |
587-595 |
VBN |
denotes |
remained |
T1079 |
443-445 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1080 |
445-452 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T1081 |
470-478 |
VBN |
denotes |
required |
T1082 |
453-466 |
NN |
denotes |
recombination |
T1083 |
467-469 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T1084 |
479-482 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T1085 |
483-491 |
NN |
denotes |
synapsis |
T1086 |
492-494 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1087 |
495-499 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T1088 |
500-501 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T1089 |
547-552 |
VBP |
denotes |
cause |
T1090 |
501-510 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T1091 |
511-513 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1092 |
514-527 |
NN |
denotes |
recombination |
T1093 |
528-533 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T1094 |
534-538 |
JJ |
denotes |
such |
T1095 |
539-541 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T1096 |
542-546 |
NN |
denotes |
Dmc1 |
T1097 |
553-562 |
JJ |
denotes |
extensive |
T1098 |
563-572 |
NN |
denotes |
asynapsis |
T1099 |
573-574 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T1100 |
574-576 |
CD |
denotes |
16 |
T1101 |
576-577 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T1102 |
577-578 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T1103 |
578-580 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1104 |
580-582 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T1105 |
583-586 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T1106 |
596-604 |
RB |
denotes |
formally |
T1107 |
605-614 |
JJ |
denotes |
uncertain |
T1108 |
615-622 |
IN |
denotes |
whether |
T1109 |
629-631 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T1110 |
623-628 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T1111 |
632-633 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T1112 |
653-663 |
NN |
denotes |
checkpoint |
T1113 |
634-642 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T1114 |
643-652 |
NN |
denotes |
pachytene |
T1115 |
664-668 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T1116 |
669-677 |
VBZ |
denotes |
responds |
T1117 |
678-680 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T1118 |
681-688 |
NNS |
denotes |
defects |
T1119 |
689-691 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1120 |
692-699 |
JJ |
denotes |
meiotic |
T1121 |
700-713 |
NN |
denotes |
recombination |
T1122 |
713-715 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1123 |
715-718 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T1124 |
719-721 |
IN |
denotes |
if |
T1125 |
722-724 |
RB |
denotes |
so |
T1126 |
743-745 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T1127 |
724-726 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1128 |
726-733 |
IN |
denotes |
whether |
T1129 |
734-736 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T1130 |
737-742 |
MD |
denotes |
would |
T1131 |
746-755 |
JJ |
denotes |
identical |
T1132 |
756-758 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T1133 |
759-763 |
DT |
denotes |
that |
T1134 |
764-768 |
VBN |
denotes |
used |
T1135 |
769-771 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1136 |
772-779 |
JJ |
denotes |
somatic |
T1137 |
780-785 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T1138 |
785-786 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T1139 |
786-926 |
sentence |
denotes |
The mechanisms of putative pachytene checkpoint control remain unknown in mammals, since no mutations have been identified that abolish it. |
T1140 |
787-790 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T1141 |
791-801 |
NNS |
denotes |
mechanisms |
T1142 |
843-849 |
VBP |
denotes |
remain |
T1143 |
802-804 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T1144 |
805-813 |
JJ |
denotes |
putative |
T1145 |
835-842 |
NN |
denotes |
control |
T1146 |
814-823 |
NN |
denotes |
pachytene |
T1147 |
824-834 |
NN |
denotes |
checkpoint |
T1148 |
850-857 |
JJ |
denotes |
unknown |
T1149 |
858-860 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T1150 |
861-868 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T1151 |
868-870 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T1152 |
870-875 |
IN |
denotes |
since |
T1153 |
899-909 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T1154 |
876-878 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T1155 |
879-888 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T1156 |
889-893 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T1157 |
894-898 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T1158 |
910-914 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T1159 |
915-922 |
VBP |
denotes |
abolish |
T1160 |
923-925 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T1161 |
925-926 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R680 |
T1124 |
T1125 |
mark |
if,so |
R681 |
T1125 |
T1126 |
advcl |
so,be |
R682 |
T1126 |
T1109 |
conj |
be,is |
R683 |
T1127 |
T1126 |
punct |
", ",be |
R684 |
T1128 |
T1126 |
mark |
whether,be |
R685 |
T1129 |
T1126 |
nsubj |
it,be |
R686 |
T1130 |
T1126 |
aux |
would,be |
R687 |
T1131 |
T1126 |
acomp |
identical,be |
R688 |
T1132 |
T1131 |
prep |
to,identical |
R689 |
T1133 |
T1132 |
pobj |
that,to |
R690 |
T1134 |
T1133 |
acl |
used,that |
R691 |
T1135 |
T1134 |
prep |
in,used |
R692 |
T1136 |
T1137 |
amod |
somatic,cells |
R693 |
T1137 |
T1135 |
pobj |
cells,in |
R694 |
T1138 |
T1078 |
punct |
.,remained |
R695 |
T1140 |
T1141 |
det |
The,mechanisms |
R696 |
T1141 |
T1142 |
nsubj |
mechanisms,remain |
R697 |
T1143 |
T1141 |
prep |
of,mechanisms |
R698 |
T1144 |
T1145 |
amod |
putative,control |
R699 |
T1145 |
T1143 |
pobj |
control,of |
R700 |
T1146 |
T1147 |
compound |
pachytene,checkpoint |
R701 |
T1147 |
T1145 |
compound |
checkpoint,control |
R702 |
T1148 |
T1142 |
acomp |
unknown,remain |
R703 |
T1149 |
T1142 |
prep |
in,remain |
R704 |
T1150 |
T1149 |
pobj |
mammals,in |
R705 |
T1151 |
T1142 |
punct |
", ",remain |
R706 |
T1152 |
T1153 |
mark |
since,identified |
R707 |
T1153 |
T1142 |
advcl |
identified,remain |
R708 |
T1154 |
T1155 |
det |
no,mutations |
R709 |
T1155 |
T1153 |
nsubjpass |
mutations,identified |
R710 |
T1156 |
T1153 |
aux |
have,identified |
R711 |
T1157 |
T1153 |
auxpass |
been,identified |
R712 |
T1158 |
T1159 |
dep |
that,abolish |
R549 |
T988 |
T989 |
det |
The,checkpoint |
R550 |
T989 |
T991 |
nsubjpass |
checkpoint,known |
R551 |
T990 |
T989 |
compound |
pachytene,checkpoint |
R552 |
T992 |
T991 |
auxpass |
is,known |
R553 |
T993 |
T994 |
aux |
to,monitor |
R554 |
T994 |
T991 |
xcomp |
monitor,known |
R555 |
T995 |
T996 |
nummod |
two,aspects |
R556 |
T996 |
T994 |
dobj |
aspects,monitor |
R557 |
T997 |
T996 |
prep |
of,aspects |
R558 |
T998 |
T999 |
amod |
meiotic,metabolism |
R559 |
T999 |
T997 |
pobj |
metabolism,of |
R560 |
T1000 |
T999 |
compound |
chromosome,metabolism |
R561 |
T1001 |
T999 |
prep |
in,metabolism |
R562 |
T1002 |
T1003 |
compound |
S.,cerevisiae |
R563 |
T1003 |
T1001 |
pobj |
cerevisiae,in |
R564 |
T1004 |
T1003 |
cc |
and,cerevisiae |
R565 |
T1005 |
T1006 |
compound |
C.,elegans |
R566 |
T1006 |
T1003 |
conj |
elegans,cerevisiae |
R567 |
T1007 |
T996 |
punct |
: ,aspects |
R568 |
T1008 |
T1009 |
punct |
(,1 |
R569 |
T1009 |
T1010 |
meta |
1,repair |
R570 |
T1010 |
T996 |
appos |
repair,aspects |
R571 |
T1011 |
T1009 |
punct |
),1 |
R572 |
T1012 |
T1010 |
compound |
DSB,repair |
R573 |
T1013 |
T1010 |
cc |
and,repair |
R574 |
T1014 |
T1015 |
punct |
(,2 |
R575 |
T1015 |
T1016 |
meta |
2,synapsis |
R576 |
T1016 |
T1010 |
conj |
synapsis,repair |
R577 |
T1017 |
T1015 |
punct |
),2 |
R578 |
T1018 |
T1016 |
compound |
chromosome,synapsis |
R579 |
T1019 |
T1020 |
punct |
[,12 |
R580 |
T1020 |
T991 |
parataxis |
12,known |
R581 |
T1021 |
T1020 |
nummod |
2,12 |
R582 |
T1022 |
T1020 |
punct |
",",12 |
R583 |
T1023 |
T1020 |
punct |
],12 |
R584 |
T1024 |
T991 |
punct |
.,known |
R585 |
T1026 |
T1027 |
prep |
In,eliminated |
R586 |
T1028 |
T1026 |
pobj |
mice,In |
R587 |
T1029 |
T1027 |
punct |
", ",eliminated |
R588 |
T1030 |
T1031 |
preconj |
both,spermatocytes |
R589 |
T1031 |
T1027 |
nsubjpass |
spermatocytes,eliminated |
R590 |
T1032 |
T1031 |
cc |
and,spermatocytes |
R591 |
T1033 |
T1031 |
conj |
oocytes,spermatocytes |
R592 |
T1034 |
T1031 |
acl |
harboring,spermatocytes |
R593 |
T1035 |
T1034 |
dobj |
mutations,harboring |
R594 |
T1036 |
T1037 |
dep |
that,disrupt |
R595 |
T1037 |
T1035 |
relcl |
disrupt,mutations |
R596 |
T1038 |
T1039 |
compound |
DSB,repair |
R597 |
T1039 |
T1037 |
dobj |
repair,disrupt |
R598 |
T1040 |
T1035 |
punct |
(,mutations |
R599 |
T1041 |
T1042 |
amod |
such,as |
R600 |
T1042 |
T1035 |
prep |
as,mutations |
R601 |
T1043 |
T1042 |
pobj |
Dmc1,as |
R602 |
T1044 |
T1043 |
punct |
", ",Dmc1 |
R603 |
T1045 |
T1043 |
conj |
Msh5,Dmc1 |
R604 |
T1046 |
T1045 |
punct |
", ",Msh5 |
R605 |
T1047 |
T1045 |
cc |
and,Msh5 |
R606 |
T1048 |
T1045 |
conj |
Atm,Msh5 |
R607 |
T1049 |
T1027 |
punct |
),eliminated |
R608 |
T1050 |
T1027 |
auxpass |
are,eliminated |
R609 |
T1051 |
T1027 |
advmod |
efficiently,eliminated |
R610 |
T1052 |
T1027 |
prep |
in,eliminated |
R611 |
T1053 |
T1052 |
pobj |
pachynema,in |
R612 |
T1054 |
T1027 |
punct |
", ",eliminated |
R613 |
T1055 |
T1027 |
cc |
but,eliminated |
R614 |
T1056 |
T1057 |
nsubj |
spermatocytes,are |
R615 |
T1057 |
T1027 |
conj |
are,eliminated |
R616 |
T1058 |
T1059 |
advmod |
much,more |
R617 |
T1059 |
T1060 |
advmod |
more,sensitive |
R618 |
T1060 |
T1057 |
acomp |
sensitive,are |
R619 |
T1061 |
T1060 |
prep |
to,sensitive |
R620 |
T1062 |
T1063 |
nmod |
DSB,defects |
R621 |
T1063 |
T1061 |
pobj |
defects,to |
R622 |
T1064 |
T1065 |
npadvmod |
repair,independent |
R623 |
T1065 |
T1067 |
amod |
independent,synapsis |
R624 |
T1066 |
T1065 |
punct |
–,independent |
R625 |
T1067 |
T1063 |
compound |
synapsis,defects |
R626 |
T1068 |
T1060 |
prep |
than,sensitive |
R627 |
T1069 |
T1068 |
pobj |
oocytes,than |
R628 |
T1070 |
T1071 |
punct |
[,13 |
R629 |
T1071 |
T1027 |
parataxis |
13,eliminated |
R630 |
T1072 |
T1073 |
punct |
–,15 |
R631 |
T1073 |
T1071 |
prep |
15,13 |
R632 |
T1074 |
T1071 |
punct |
],13 |
R633 |
T1075 |
T1027 |
punct |
.,eliminated |
R634 |
T1077 |
T1078 |
advmod |
However,remained |
R635 |
T1079 |
T1078 |
punct |
", ",remained |
R636 |
T1080 |
T1081 |
mark |
because,required |
R637 |
T1081 |
T1078 |
advcl |
required,remained |
R638 |
T1082 |
T1081 |
nsubjpass |
recombination,required |
R639 |
T1083 |
T1081 |
auxpass |
is,required |
R640 |
T1084 |
T1081 |
prep |
for,required |
R641 |
T1085 |
T1084 |
pobj |
synapsis,for |
R642 |
T1086 |
T1085 |
prep |
in,synapsis |
R643 |
T1087 |
T1086 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R644 |
T1088 |
T1089 |
punct |
(,cause |
R645 |
T1089 |
T1081 |
parataxis |
cause,required |
R646 |
T1090 |
T1089 |
nsubj |
mutations,cause |
R647 |
T1091 |
T1090 |
prep |
in,mutations |
R648 |
T1092 |
T1093 |
compound |
recombination,genes |
R649 |
T1093 |
T1091 |
pobj |
genes,in |
R650 |
T1094 |
T1095 |
amod |
such,as |
R651 |
T1095 |
T1093 |
prep |
as,genes |
R652 |
T1096 |
T1095 |
pobj |
Dmc1,as |
R653 |
T1097 |
T1098 |
amod |
extensive,asynapsis |
R654 |
T1098 |
T1089 |
dobj |
asynapsis,cause |
R655 |
T1099 |
T1100 |
punct |
[,16 |
R656 |
T1100 |
T1089 |
parataxis |
16,cause |
R657 |
T1101 |
T1100 |
punct |
],16 |
R658 |
T1102 |
T1089 |
punct |
),cause |
R659 |
T1103 |
T1078 |
punct |
", ",remained |
R660 |
T1104 |
T1078 |
nsubj |
it,remained |
R661 |
T1105 |
T1078 |
aux |
has,remained |
R662 |
T1106 |
T1107 |
advmod |
formally,uncertain |
R663 |
T1107 |
T1078 |
acomp |
uncertain,remained |
R664 |
T1108 |
T1109 |
mark |
whether,is |
R665 |
T1109 |
T1078 |
advcl |
is,remained |
R666 |
T1110 |
T1109 |
expl |
there,is |
R667 |
T1111 |
T1112 |
det |
a,checkpoint |
R668 |
T1112 |
T1109 |
attr |
checkpoint,is |
R669 |
T1113 |
T1112 |
amod |
distinct,checkpoint |
R670 |
T1114 |
T1112 |
compound |
pachytene,checkpoint |
R671 |
T1115 |
T1116 |
dep |
that,responds |
R672 |
T1116 |
T1112 |
relcl |
responds,checkpoint |
R673 |
T1117 |
T1116 |
prep |
to,responds |
R674 |
T1118 |
T1117 |
pobj |
defects,to |
R675 |
T1119 |
T1118 |
prep |
in,defects |
R676 |
T1120 |
T1121 |
amod |
meiotic,recombination |
R677 |
T1121 |
T1119 |
pobj |
recombination,in |
R678 |
T1122 |
T1109 |
punct |
", ",is |
R679 |
T1123 |
T1109 |
cc |
and,is |
R713 |
T1159 |
T1153 |
ccomp |
abolish,identified |
R714 |
T1160 |
T1159 |
dobj |
it,abolish |
R715 |
T1161 |
T1142 |
punct |
.,remain |