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better define the spermatogenic stage at which Dmrt7−/− male germ cells arrest and die, we used antibodies against several stage-specific germ cell markers. TRA98 is expressed in PGCs and spermatogonia [43]. In the wild-type adult testis, strongly staining TRA98-positive cells form a layer one cell deep; however, in the mutant TRA98, strongly positive cells were abnormally organized, and some tubules had a layer several cells deep (Figure 3A). The BC7 antibody recognizes spermatocytes in the leptotene to early-pachytene stages [44]. Dmrt7 mutant testes had BC7-positive cells in approximately normal numbers, but again abnormally organized, with many positive cells in the center rather than the periphery of the tubules (Figure 3B). The TRA369 antibody recognizes a calmegin protein expressed in pachytene spermatocytes through elongated spermatids [45]. In contrast to the earlier stages, far fewer TRA369-positive cells were present in mutant testes relative to wild-type (Figure 3C). We also quantitated the number of cells at each meiotic stage using spermatocyte spreads, assaying chromosome-pairing status by staining for SYCP3, a component of the synaptonemal complex (Figure 4). We found that Dmrt7 mutants accumulate pachytene cells but have greatly reduced numbers of cells in late-pachynema and beyond. Together, these results confirm that the meiotic arrest in Dmrt7 mutants occurs primarily during pachynema and results in efficient elimination of arrested cells."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"17447844-9568529-85805833","span":{"begin":206,"end":208},"obj":"9568529"},{"id":"17447844-8286583-85805834","span":{"begin":537,"end":539},"obj":"8286583"},{"id":"17447844-1449797-85805835","span":{"begin":860,"end":862},"obj":"1449797"},{"id":"T69424","span":{"begin":206,"end":208},"obj":"9568529"},{"id":"T64408","span":{"begin":537,"end":539},"obj":"8286583"},{"id":"T17112","span":{"begin":860,"end":862},"obj":"1449797"}],"text":"To better define the spermatogenic stage at which Dmrt7−/− male germ cells arrest and die, we used antibodies against several stage-specific germ cell markers. TRA98 is expressed in PGCs and spermatogonia [43]. In the wild-type adult testis, strongly staining TRA98-positive cells form a layer one cell deep; however, in the mutant TRA98, strongly positive cells were abnormally organized, and some tubules had a layer several cells deep (Figure 3A). The BC7 antibody recognizes spermatocytes in the leptotene to early-pachytene stages [44]. Dmrt7 mutant testes had BC7-positive cells in approximately normal numbers, but again abnormally organized, with many positive cells in the center rather than the periphery of the tubules (Figure 3B). The TRA369 antibody recognizes a calmegin protein expressed in pachytene spermatocytes through elongated spermatids [45]. In contrast to the earlier stages, far fewer TRA369-positive cells were present in mutant testes relative to wild-type (Figure 3C). We also quantitated the number of cells at each meiotic stage using spermatocyte spreads, assaying chromosome-pairing status by staining for SYCP3, a component of the synaptonemal complex (Figure 4). We found that Dmrt7 mutants accumulate pachytene cells but have greatly reduced numbers of cells in late-pachynema and beyond. Together, these results confirm that the meiotic arrest in Dmrt7 mutants occurs primarily during pachynema and results in efficient elimination of arrested cells."}

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{"project":"craft-ca-core-ex-dev","denotations":[{"id":"T10894","span":{"begin":182,"end":186},"obj":"CL:0000670"},{"id":"T10895","span":{"begin":191,"end":204},"obj":"CL:0000020"},{"id":"T10881","span":{"begin":21,"end":34},"obj":"GO:0007283"},{"id":"T10882","span":{"begin":50,"end":55},"obj":"PR_EXT:000006549"},{"id":"T10883","span":{"begin":55,"end":56},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_nullness_or_absence"},{"id":"T10884","span":{"begin":57,"end":58},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_nullness_or_absence"},{"id":"T10885","span":{"begin":59,"end":63},"obj":"PATO_UBERON_EXT:male_or_bearer_of_maleness"},{"id":"T10886","span":{"begin":59,"end":74},"obj":"CL:0000015"},{"id":"T10887","span":{"begin":69,"end":74},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10888","span":{"begin":86,"end":89},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T10889","span":{"begin":99,"end":109},"obj":"GO:0042571"},{"id":"T10890","span":{"begin":141,"end":150},"obj":"CL:0000586"},{"id":"T10891","span":{"begin":146,"end":150},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10892","span":{"begin":151,"end":158},"obj":"CHEBI_SO_EXT:molecular_indicator_or_label_or_marker_or_tag"},{"id":"T10893","span":{"begin":169,"end":178},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T10896","span":{"begin":218,"end":227},"obj":"SO_EXT:wild_type_entity_or_quality"},{"id":"T10897","span":{"begin":228,"end":233},"obj":"UBERON:0007023"},{"id":"T10898","span":{"begin":234,"end":240},"obj":"UBERON:0000473"},{"id":"T10899","span":{"begin":275,"end":280},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10900","span":{"begin":298,"end":302},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10901","span":{"begin":325,"end":331},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_altered_entity_or_alteration_process"},{"id":"T10902","span":{"begin":357,"end":362},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10903","span":{"begin":399,"end":406},"obj":"UBERON:0000025"},{"id":"T10904","span":{"begin":427,"end":432},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10905","span":{"begin":459,"end":467},"obj":"GO:0042571"},{"id":"T10906","span":{"begin":479,"end":492},"obj":"CL:0000017"},{"id":"T10907","span":{"begin":500,"end":509},"obj":"GO:0000237"},{"id":"T10908","span":{"begin":519,"end":528},"obj":"GO:0000239"},{"id":"T10909","span":{"begin":542,"end":547},"obj":"PR_EXT:000006549"},{"id":"T10910","span":{"begin":548,"end":554},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_altered_entity_or_alteration_process"},{"id":"T10911","span":{"begin":555,"end":561},"obj":"UBERON:0000473"},{"id":"T10912","span":{"begin":579,"end":584},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10913","span":{"begin":669,"end":674},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10914","span":{"begin":722,"end":729},"obj":"UBERON:0000025"},{"id":"T10915","span":{"begin":754,"end":762},"obj":"GO:0042571"},{"id":"T10916","span":{"begin":776,"end":784},"obj":"PR_EXT:000005573"},{"id":"T10917","span":{"begin":785,"end":792},"obj":"CHEBI_PR_EXT:protein"},{"id":"T10918","span":{"begin":793,"end":802},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T10919","span":{"begin":806,"end":815},"obj":"GO:0000239"},{"id":"T10920","span":{"begin":816,"end":829},"obj":"CL:0000017"},{"id":"T10921","span":{"begin":848,"end":858},"obj":"CL:0000018"},{"id":"T10922","span":{"begin":926,"end":931},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10923","span":{"begin":948,"end":954},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_altered_entity_or_alteration_process"},{"id":"T10924","span":{"begin":955,"end":961},"obj":"UBERON:0000473"},{"id":"T10925","span":{"begin":974,"end":983},"obj":"SO_EXT:wild_type_entity_or_quality"},{"id":"T10926","span":{"begin":1031,"end":1036},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10927","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1058},"obj":"GO:0098762"},{"id":"T10928","span":{"begin":1065,"end":1077},"obj":"CL:0000017"},{"id":"T10929","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1106},"obj":"GO_SO_EXT:chromosome"},{"id":"T10930","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1114},"obj":"GO:0007129"},{"id":"T10931","span":{"begin":1138,"end":1143},"obj":"PR_EXT:000015865"},{"id":"T10932","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1184},"obj":"GO:0000795"},{"id":"T10933","span":{"begin":1211,"end":1216},"obj":"PR_EXT:000006549"},{"id":"T10934","span":{"begin":1217,"end":1224},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_altered_entity"},{"id":"T10935","span":{"begin":1236,"end":1245},"obj":"GO:0000239"},{"id":"T10936","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1251},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10937","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1293},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T10938","span":{"begin":1302,"end":1311},"obj":"GO:0000239"},{"id":"T10939","span":{"begin":1365,"end":1372},"obj":"GO:0007126"},{"id":"T10940","span":{"begin":1383,"end":1388},"obj":"PR_EXT:000006549"},{"id":"T10941","span":{"begin":1389,"end":1396},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_altered_entity"},{"id":"T10942","span":{"begin":1421,"end":1430},"obj":"GO:0000239"},{"id":"T10943","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1467},"obj":"GO_EXT:killing"},{"id":"T10944","span":{"begin":1480,"end":1485},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"}],"text":"To better define the spermatogenic stage at which Dmrt7−/− male germ cells arrest and die, we used antibodies against several stage-specific germ cell markers. TRA98 is expressed in PGCs and spermatogonia [43]. In the wild-type adult testis, strongly staining TRA98-positive cells form a layer one cell deep; however, in the mutant TRA98, strongly positive cells were abnormally organized, and some tubules had a layer several cells deep (Figure 3A). The BC7 antibody recognizes spermatocytes in the leptotene to early-pachytene stages [44]. Dmrt7 mutant testes had BC7-positive cells in approximately normal numbers, but again abnormally organized, with many positive cells in the center rather than the periphery of the tubules (Figure 3B). The TRA369 antibody recognizes a calmegin protein expressed in pachytene spermatocytes through elongated spermatids [45]. In contrast to the earlier stages, far fewer TRA369-positive cells were present in mutant testes relative to wild-type (Figure 3C). We also quantitated the number of cells at each meiotic stage using spermatocyte spreads, assaying chromosome-pairing status by staining for SYCP3, a component of the synaptonemal complex (Figure 4). We found that Dmrt7 mutants accumulate pachytene cells but have greatly reduced numbers of cells in late-pachynema and beyond. Together, these results confirm that the meiotic arrest in Dmrt7 mutants occurs primarily during pachynema and results in efficient elimination of arrested cells."}