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of Alk5 in neural crest cells leads to persistent truncus arteriosus type A2. A-D, Casting-dye analysis of OFT morphogenesis at E17.0. Control (A), Tgfbr2/Wnt1-Cre mutant [8] (B) demonstrating the PTA type A4 (= truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch [30]) and Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants demonstrating the right-sided (C) and left-sided (D) arches of the truncus. E-P, Histological cross-sections on four different levels (rostral to caudal) at E17.0. In a control (E-H), the ascending aorta (Ao) and pulmonary trunk (PT) are separated by the conotruncal septum. In Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants (I-P) the conotruncal septum fails to form, and either left-sided (I-L) or right-sided (M-P) aortic arch can be seen. Aberrant branching of carotid arteries from the truncus has been illustrated by black arrows (J and M). Ao, aorta; PT, pulmonary trunk; RSA, right subclavian artery; RCA, right carotid artery; LCA; left carotid artery; LSA, left subclavian artery; IAA, interrupted aortic arch; PTA, persistent truncus arteriosus."}

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