PMC:1069006 / 1772-4481 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"15781495-3306260-76989415","span":{"begin":737,"end":738},"obj":"3306260"},{"id":"15781495-10665125-76989416","span":{"begin":739,"end":740},"obj":"10665125"},{"id":"15781495-3306260-76989417","span":{"begin":865,"end":866},"obj":"3306260"},{"id":"15781495-10589904-76989418","span":{"begin":867,"end":868},"obj":"10589904"},{"id":"15781495-7494042-76989419","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1096},"obj":"7494042"},{"id":"15781495-12967485-76989419","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1096},"obj":"12967485"},{"id":"15781495-7494042-76989420","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1194},"obj":"7494042"},{"id":"15781495-11832529-76989421","span":{"begin":1552,"end":1553},"obj":"11832529"},{"id":"15781495-15094275-76989422","span":{"begin":1653,"end":1654},"obj":"15094275"},{"id":"15781495-15094275-76989423","span":{"begin":1890,"end":1891},"obj":"15094275"},{"id":"15781495-11677609-76989424","span":{"begin":2181,"end":2182},"obj":"11677609"},{"id":"15781495-11677608-76989424","span":{"begin":2181,"end":2182},"obj":"11677608"},{"id":"15781495-12644504-76989424","span":{"begin":2181,"end":2182},"obj":"12644504"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nSalmonella are important pathogens in humans and animals. Taxonomically, there are two species in the genus Salmonella: S.enterica (six subspecies) and S.bongori (one subspecies). Members of the seven subspecies can be serotyped into one of more than 2500 different serovars according to somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. Some serovars such as S.Typhi and S.Paratyphi are highly adapted to humans without other known natural hosts, while others such as S.Typhimurium have a broad host range and infect a wide variety of animal hosts. A few serovars such as S.Choleraesuis have a narrow host range and occasionally infect humans. Nevertheless, when S.Choleraesuis infects humans, it usually causes invasive infections (1,2). It is one of the most common etiologic organisms for infective aneurysms, a devastating endovascular infection in humans (1,3). S.Choleraesuis also can cause swine paratyphoid, with clinical manifestations of enterocolitis and septicemia (4). Furthermore, it is a common bacterial isolate from swine with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (4–6), which is now found worldwide and leads to considerable economic loss in the swine industry (5).\nAntimicrobial therapy is essential in the treatment of S.Choleraesuis infections in humans. The emergence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and notably, fluoroquinolone antibiotics in S.Choleraesuis has aroused concern on the use of these agents for the treatment of systemic infections caused by this organism (7). A multidrug-resistant strain of S.Choleraesuis was recently isolated from a patient with sepsis (8). This isolate, SC-B67, was resistant to all antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat patients with invasive salmonellosis, including ceftriaxone [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 16 μg/ml] and ciprofloxacin (MIC, 32 μg/ml) (8). To investigate the virulence factors, host-specificity and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of S.Choleraesuis, we sequenced the whole genome of S.Choleraesuis SC-B67. This work enabled us to perform comparative analyses with two other sequenced serovars, S.Typhi and S.Typhimurium (9–11). The three Salmonella serovars compared here are associated with three distinct human disease syndromes: typhoid fever caused by S.Typhi, self-limited enterocolitis by S.Typhimurium, and septicemic diseases with little involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by S.Choleraesuis. In this study, we discovered significant differences in genomic composition and organization of these serovars, and we identified several mechanisms underlying the unique pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanism of S.Choleraesuis."}