
BB-norm+ner@ldeleger:BB-norm+ner-24361838 / 115-2050
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bionlp-ost-19-BB-norm-ner-train
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Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | NCBI_Taxonomy | OntoBiotope |
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T2 | 0-1935 | Paragraph | denotes | In this study, a Salmonella Typhimurium lytic bacteriophage, Φ st1, which was isolated from chicken faecal material, was evaluated as a candidate for biocontrol of Salmonella in chickens. The morphology of Φ st1 showed strong resemblance to members of the Siphoviridae family. Φ st1 was observed to be a DNA phage with an estimated genome size of 121 kbp. It was found to be able to infect S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar, with a stronger lytic activity against the former. Subsequent characterisation of Φ st1 against S. Typhimurium showed that Φ st1 has a latent period of 40 min with an average burst size of 22 particles per infective centre. Approximately 86.1% of the phage adsorbed to the host cells within the initial 5 min of infection. At the optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) (0.1), the highest reduction rate of S. Typhimurium (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and increment in phage titre (3.8 log₁₀ PFU/ml) was observed. Φ st1 produced adsorption rates of 88.4-92.2% at pH7-9 and demonstrated the highest bacteria reduction (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) at pH9. Φ st1 also showed an insignificant different (P>0.05) reduction rate of host cells at 37 °C (6.4 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and 42 °C (6.0 log₁₀ CFU/ml). The in vivo study using Φ st1 showed that intracloacal inoculation of ~10¹² PFU/ml of the phage in the chickens challenged with ~10¹⁰ CFU/ml of S. Typhimurium was able to reduce (P<0.05) the S. Typhimurium more rapidly than the untreated group. The Salmonella count reduced to 2.9 log₁₀ CFU/ml within 6h of post-challenge and S. Typhimurium was not detected at and after 24h of post-challenge. Reduction of Salmonella count in visceral organs was also observed at 6h post-challenge. Approximately 1.6 log₁₀ FU/ml Φ st1 was found to persist in the caecal wall of the chicks at 72 h of post-challenge. The present study indicated that Φ st1 may serve as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the Salmonella count in caecal content of chickens. | ||
T7 | 17-59 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella Typhimurium lytic bacteriophage | 12333 | |
T8 | 17-39 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T9 | 40-45 | Phenotype | denotes | lytic | OBT:000107 | |
T10 | 61-66 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T12 | 92-115 | Habitat | denotes | chicken faecal material | OBT:001102 | |
T11 | 92-99 | Habitat | denotes | chicken | OBT:003314 | |
T13 | 164-174 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella | 590 | |
T14 | 178-186 | Habitat | denotes | chickens | OBT:003314 | |
T15 | 206-211 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T16 | 256-268 | Microorganism | denotes | Siphoviridae | 10699 | |
T17 | 277-282 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T18 | 390-404 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T19 | 409-417 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Hadar | 149385 | |
T20 | 435-449 | Phenotype | denotes | lytic activity | OBT:000107 | |
T21 | 501-506 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T22 | 515-529 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T23 | 542-547 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T24 | 692-702 | Habitat | denotes | host cells | OBT:000061 | |
T25 | 826-840 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T26 | 922-927 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T27 | 1052-1057 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T28 | 1124-1134 | Habitat | denotes | host cells | OBT:000061 | |
T29 | 1217-1222 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T30 | 1235-1247 | Habitat | denotes | intracloacal | OBT:001488 | |
T31 | 1296-1304 | Habitat | denotes | chickens | OBT:003314|OBT:000700 | |
T32 | 1337-1351 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T33 | 1384-1398 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T34 | 1442-1452 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella | 590 | |
T35 | 1519-1533 | Microorganism | denotes | S. Typhimurium | 90371 | |
T36 | 1600-1610 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella | 590 | |
T37 | 1620-1635 | Habitat | denotes | visceral organs | OBT:000364 | |
T38 | 1706-1711 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T40 | 1740-1765 | Habitat | denotes | caecal wall of the chicks | OBT:001006 | |
T39 | 1740-1746 | Habitat | denotes | caecal | OBT:001471 | |
T41 | 1759-1765 | Habitat | denotes | chicks | OBT:000700|OBT:003314|OBT:003263 | |
T42 | 1826-1831 | Microorganism | denotes | Φ st1 | 12333 | |
T43 | 1888-1898 | Microorganism | denotes | Salmonella | 590 | |
T44 | 1908-1934 | Habitat | denotes | caecal content of chickens | OBT:001470 | |
T45 | 1908-1914 | Habitat | denotes | caecal | OBT:001471 | |
T46 | 1926-1934 | Habitat | denotes | chickens | OBT:003314 |