Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
S1 |
0-124 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Regulation of I kappa B alpha and p105 in monocytes and macrophages persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus. |
S2 |
125-254 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mechanisms regulating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence in human monocytes/macrophages are partially understood. |
S3 |
255-337 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Persistent HIV infection of U937 monocytic cells results in NF-kappa B activation. |
S4 |
338-469 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Whether virus-induced NF-kappa B activation is a mechanism that favors continuous viral replication in macrophages remains unknown. |
S5 |
470-661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To further delineate the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of NF-kappa B in HIV-infected monocytes and macrophages, we have focused on the regulation of the I kappa B molecules. |
S6 |
662-799 |
Sentence |
denotes |
First, we show that persistent HIV infection results in the activation of NF-kappa B not only in monocytic cells but also in macrophages. |
S7 |
800-910 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In HIV-infected cells, I kappa B alpha protein levels are decreased secondary to enhanced protein degradation. |
S8 |
911-1099 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This parallels the increased I kappa B alpha synthesis secondary to increased I kappa B alpha gene transcription, i.e., increased RNA and transcriptional activity of its promoter-enhancer. |
S9 |
1100-1312 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Another protein with I kappa B function, p105, is also modified in HIV-infected cells: p105 and p50 steady-state protein levels are increased as a result of increased synthesis and proteolytic processing of p105. |
S10 |
1313-1450 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transcriptional activity of p105 is also increased in infected cells and is also mediated by NF-kappa B through a specific kappa B motif. |
S11 |
1451-1669 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results demonstrate the existence of a triple autoregulatory loop in monocytes and macrophages involving HIV, p105 and p50, and MAD3, with the end result of persistent NF-kappa B activation and viral persistence. |
S12 |
1670-1840 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, persistent HIV infection of monocytes and macrophages provides a useful model with which to study concomitant modifications of different I kappa B molecules. |