LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7216762 / 86-13244 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T3 0-43 Sentence denotes COVID-19 and the Chemical Biology Community
T4 44-165 Sentence denotes Laura Kiessling, ACS Chemical Biology, Editor-in-Chief, and Christina MacLaughlin, ACS Chemical Biology, Managing Editor:
T5 166-338 Sentence denotes The spread of COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic, and we as a global community are watching as hot spots of this illness emerge across not only countries but continents.
T6 339-497 Sentence denotes As the situation has progressed, the focus of scientists and their ability to undertake most experiments has been limited to facilitating physical distancing.
T7 498-682 Sentence denotes Still, research addressing varied aspects of diagnosing, treating, and mitigating the spread of COVID-19 is not only continuing but accelerating with the goal of reducing loss of life.
T8 683-739 Sentence denotes Chemical biologists have integral contributions to make:
T9 740-854 Sentence denotes Chemical tools can address challenges in biology, which is what is required to understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2.
T10 855-1109 Sentence denotes Given that Italy is now under tremendous stress from COVID-19, we asked an Italian scientist to discuss the strategies that academic and industrial laboratories in Italy are pursuing to limit the impact of the virus both on their research and on society.
T11 1110-1331 Sentence denotes We hope that this perspective along with that of our Chinese colleagues will provide insight into the important scientific advancements and the human aspects of advancing science in the face of a rapidly growing pandemic.
T12 1333-1359 Sentence denotes When the Others Become Us:
T13 1360-1417 Sentence denotes A Chemist’s Perspective of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy
T14 1418-1507 Sentence denotes Sara Sattin, Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy:
T15 1509-1540 Sentence denotes The Situation in Northern Italy
T16 1541-1694 Sentence denotes The epicenter of the current epidemic in Italy, the Lombardy region, is fighting a hard battle against an invisible enemy, the propagation of SARS-CoV-2.
T17 1695-1859 Sentence denotes At the time of writing (March 17, 2020)1 the region registers more than half (51%) of the total national confirmed cases (31.506) with a fatality rate at almost 8%.
T18 1860-2117 Sentence denotes Of special concern, in general, and for me personally, is the situation in the province of Bergamo, with almost 4000 cases (3993) and many fatalities (460, almost 12%), where two small towns not far from where I was born and raised are paying a brutal toll.
T19 2118-2461 Sentence denotes Of little comfort is the knowledge that the majority of infected people (up to 80%) are likely asymptomatic and go by undetected, as revealed by a study conducted in the small village of Vo’ Euganeo (not far from Padua), where all 3000 residents were tested after lockdown.2 These results mirror those recently published by Li and co-workers.3
T20 2462-2716 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Art work acknowledging the incredible work carried out by all the medical staff, affixed on the wall of the Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital in Bergamo, the Italian province with the highest infection rate and the highest death toll so far (credit:
T21 2717-2759 Sentence denotes Franco Rivolli Art and LP GRAFICA S.r.l.).
T22 2761-2800 Sentence denotes Teaching and Academic Research in Milan
T23 2801-2936 Sentence denotes This balance and the constant sound of the ambulance sirens is weighing heavily on our minds when thinking about keeping doing science.
T24 2937-3157 Sentence denotes At the University of Milan, where I work, since the 24th of February we have been caught up in a crescendo of restrictive measures, at first stopping on-site lectures and then locking research laboratories 2 weeks later.
T25 3158-3315 Sentence denotes Even professors and assistant professors have been discouraged from accessing the site for preparing or carrying out online teaching: please do it from home.
T26 3316-3451 Sentence denotes Only essential in-person activities, such as refills of cryogenic gases to NMR instruments, are currently authorized in our department.
T27 3452-3620 Sentence denotes Chemistry courses are more effectively taught in the classroom, where the classical chalk and blackboard approach is paired with a direct interaction with the students.
T28 3621-3719 Sentence denotes The many teaching laboratories we usually implement consolidate, hands-on, the knowledge acquired.
T29 3720-3825 Sentence denotes This winning combination has been cut by the impending safety requirements, shifting to e-learning alone.
T30 3826-3944 Sentence denotes This resulted in many colleagues being elbows-deep in the last minute preparation of online versions of their courses.
T31 3945-4192 Sentence denotes On the other hand, for the few fortunate enough to have completed their teaching duties the past semester, this might be a good time to write those papers that were laying unfinished on our desks, or to finally catch up with the recent literature.
T32 4193-4464 Sentence denotes From a research point of view, while computational studies can continue from home, even if with a few mishaps here and there in remote access to servers or software licenses, all wet-lab experiments are on hold, and presumably will be for (at least) one (or more) months.
T33 4465-4605 Sentence denotes This of course leads to personal concerns about being able to fulfill the commitment made upon receiving both national and European funding.
T34 4606-4763 Sentence denotes Not less worrying is that the must of social distancing, if long lasting, would negatively impinge on the intrinsically collective nature of research groups.
T35 4764-4846 Sentence denotes Returning to business as usual might not be as straightforward as one might think.
T36 4847-5017 Sentence denotes As a society, especially for the younger generations, a useful lesson would be realizing that social media cannot fully substitute human contact and face-to-face talking.
T37 5019-5050 Sentence denotes Recent Efforts against COVID-19
T38 5051-5376 Sentence denotes In this increasingly surreal situation, I am pleased to ascertain that the Italian ability of “fare di necessità virtù,” i.e., making lemonade out of the lemons life gives you, is still undisputed, as testified by the number of initiatives carried out by the local and national scientific community and by the private sector.
T39 5378-5395 Sentence denotes Clinical Isolates
T40 5396-5507 Sentence denotes Especially active have been, of course, the institutions devoted primarily to the study of infectious diseases.
T41 5508-5936 Sentence denotes After isolating (January 29th) and diagnosing (January 30th) the first two cases of COVID-19 in the country (two Chinese tourists that arrived in Rome), researchers at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) Spallanzani promptly isolated the viral strain 3 days later (February 2nd).4 The patients were treated with an experimental antiviral, Remdesivir, that is under development for Ebola and Marburg infections.
T42 5937-6101 Sentence denotes The drug was administered “for compassionate use,” given the current lack of specific authorizations, and the couple was declared officially cured on February 26th.
T43 6102-6324 Sentence denotes Other clinical isolates from Italian patients have been obtained both at the Luigi Sacco Hospital, which is also a research campus for the University of Milan (Department of Biomedical and Clinical sciences), and at the S.
T44 6325-6362 Sentence denotes Raffaele Hospital (March 3rd to 4th).
T45 6363-6518 Sentence denotes These isolates and their genome sequencing are the foundation on which to start our quest for effective drugs and, likely on a longer time frame, vaccines.
T46 6520-6535 Sentence denotes Clinical Trials
T47 6536-6694 Sentence denotes The two most promising repurposed drugs that have been used during the current emergency are now entering legitimate clinical trials for COVID-19, as follows.
T48 6695-7143 Sentence denotes The Italian Drug Association (AIFA) and Gilead have recently announced that Italy will take part in two Phase III clinical trials that will allow an assessment of the efficacy and safety of the experimental drug Remdesivir in COVID-19 patients.5 As mentioned above, this drug is currently being administered “for compassionate use” for emergency treatment of COVID-19 patients in critical condition that do not have alternative therapeutic options.
T49 7144-7281 Sentence denotes Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody developed for treating rheumatoid arthritis, was first used to treat some COVID-19 patients in Naples.
T50 7282-7487 Sentence denotes It inhibits the receptor of IL-6, likely damping the effect of the cytokine storms (i.e., massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that overstimulates the immune system) observed in more severe cases.
T51 7488-7699 Sentence denotes Today, AIFA swiftly authorized the beginning of a clinical trial,6 involving many hospitals in Italy, that was made possible also by Roche committing to supply the drug for free for the whole emergency duration.
T52 7701-7736 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2
T53 7737-8056 Sentence denotes Even before the appearance of COVID-19 cases in Italy, a group led by Prof. Zehender at the University of Milan performed a temporal reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny.7 The results suggest that the epidemic originated between October and November 2019, a few weeks before the identification of the first cases.
T54 8057-8365 Sentence denotes We now know that this is spot on, since the first confirmed case reported has been fixed at November 17th.8 Analysis of the reproduction number R of the virus (i.e., the number of secondary cases induced by a single infected individual) increased in December 2019, leading to the current pandemic (Figure 2).
T55 8366-8626 Sentence denotes R usually decreases over the course of an epidemic, due to the reduced number of susceptible individuals, but in this case the increase might be due to the acquisition of a more efficient human-to-human transmission trait (i.e., via the now infamous droplets).
T56 8627-8724 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Bayesian skyline plot of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.7 Ne is the effective population size.
T57 8725-8809 Sentence denotes Time 0 = January 30, 2020, then 18.2 days, 36.5 days, 54.7 days, and 73 days before.
T58 8810-8968 Sentence denotes The thick solid line represents the median value of the estimates, and the blue area, the 95% HPD (higher posterior density interval, i.e. credible interval).
T59 8969-9064 Sentence denotes Apparent is the rapid increase in the number of infections in the second half of December 2019.
T60 9065-9104 Sentence denotes Reprinted with permission from ref (7).
T61 9105-9146 Sentence denotes Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
T62 9148-9225 Sentence denotes Has the Majority of the Population Already Come into Contact with SARS-CoV-2?
T63 9226-9358 Sentence denotes This is the fundamental question that two colleagues of the University of Milan, Prof. Bollati and Dr. Milani, are trying to answer.
T64 9359-9542 Sentence denotes They designed a study to determine whether a large cohort of asymptomatic people already have circulating antibodies against the virus, both short-term response and memory antibodies.
T65 9543-9646 Sentence denotes In parallel, volunteers will be tested for the presence, in the respiratory tract, of the virus itself.
T66 9647-9965 Sentence denotes This will lead, in the first place, to an understanding of whether the virus had been circulating long before the outbreak of the epidemic (allowing the immune system to generate a long-term immune response in some individuals) and, second, to a cross-checking of the results of swabs and detection of false negatives.
T67 9966-10017 Sentence denotes The results will need to be interpreted cautiously.
T68 10018-10268 Sentence denotes Indeed, viral RNA quantification is an established diagnostic tool, but the interpretation of the presence of specific antibodies is still under debate, as it is currently unknown whether they will confer long-term immunity against future infections.
T69 10269-10469 Sentence denotes The protocol for safe sample collection (timing of individual appointments and access to the dedicated location) has been designed in collaboration with the Italian Association of Blood Donors (AVIS).
T70 10470-10606 Sentence denotes The call for voluntary participation to all the people working at the university registered more than 1500 volunteers in less than 24 h.
T71 10607-10824 Sentence denotes The study, named UNICORN (UNIversity against CORoNavirus), funded by the University of Milan, has already obtained ethics committee approval and is ready to start as soon as citizens’ mobility restrictions are lifted.
T72 10826-10868 Sentence denotes Development of More Rapid Diagnostic Tools
T73 10869-11053 Sentence denotes It is apparent that quick and reliable tests for positivity to SARS-CoV-2 are of paramount importance for identifying infected individuals and breaking the contagion propagation chain.
T74 11054-11229 Sentence denotes Current analysis methods rely on the amplification of viral genetic material isolated from the patient sample (generally a nasopharyngeal swab) that takes altogether 6 to 7 h.
T75 11230-11358 Sentence denotes This takes into account the lengthy careful preparation of dangerous samples in a P3 facility followed by a pushed PCR protocol.
T76 11359-11617 Sentence denotes An Italian multinational company, DiaSorin, has developed a much quicker analytical solution that will allow for obtaining a viral positivity answer in 60 min.9 The company completed, in collaboration with the above-mentioned Spallanzani Institute and the S.
T77 11618-11923 Sentence denotes Matteo Hospital in Pavia, all the necessary tests and obtained EU and FDA–EUA (Emergency Use Authorization) approval.10 The test was developed taking into account 150 viral sequences deposited in worldwide databases, in order to detect all the currently known variants and minimize false negative results.
T78 11924-12072 Sentence denotes Compatibly with the necessary production scale-up, this represents a strong asset for the quick analysis of samples directly at POC (point of care).
T79 12073-12244 Sentence denotes The escalation of this pandemic found the world utterly unprepared to face it as a united front, as the situation would require for maximum contagion containment efficacy.
T80 12245-12321 Sentence denotes Italy found itself instead as the unfortunate Western pioneer of this fight.
T81 12322-12426 Sentence denotes As a country, we are still days (?) away from the peak, and we have already paid a steep price as it is.
T82 12427-12927 Sentence denotes To conclude on a more auspicious note, the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), a big private–public partnership in the life sciences, launched their 21st call putting on the Table 45 M € for collaborative projects of public and private institutions to fight against COVID-19.11 They are looking for proposals that will develop antivirals and therapeutics for the current or future outbreaks or rapid diagnostic tools for the detection of asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic infected individuals.
T83 12928-13158 Sentence denotes Despite the many scientific efforts described here and the titanic efforts of our doctors and nurses, the only truly effective “vaccine” we have available at the moment is social distancing, so #staysafe, #stayhome, #iorestoacasa.