CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:8ba20a12c92103d82364b8abca49cfcd91d91c13 JSONTXT 8 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-121 Sentence denotes N-glycan Cryptic Antigens as Active Immunological Targets in Prostate Cancer Patients NIH Public Access Author Manuscript
TextSentencer_T1 0-121 Sentence denotes N-glycan Cryptic Antigens as Active Immunological Targets in Prostate Cancer Patients NIH Public Access Author Manuscript
TextSentencer_T2 123-131 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 123-131 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 132-299 Sentence denotes Although tumor-associated abnormal glycosylation has been recognized for decades, information regarding host recognition of the evolving tumor glycome remains elusive.
TextSentencer_T3 132-299 Sentence denotes Although tumor-associated abnormal glycosylation has been recognized for decades, information regarding host recognition of the evolving tumor glycome remains elusive.
TextSentencer_T4 300-473 Sentence denotes We report here a carbohydrate microarray analysis of a number of tumor-associated carbohydrates for their serum antibody reactivities and potential immunogenicity in humans.
TextSentencer_T4 300-473 Sentence denotes We report here a carbohydrate microarray analysis of a number of tumor-associated carbohydrates for their serum antibody reactivities and potential immunogenicity in humans.
TextSentencer_T5 474-542 Sentence denotes These are the precursors, cores and internal sequences of N-glycans.
TextSentencer_T5 474-542 Sentence denotes These are the precursors, cores and internal sequences of N-glycans.
TextSentencer_T6 543-659 Sentence denotes They are usually masked by other sugar moieties and belong to a class of glyco-antigens that are normally "cryptic".
TextSentencer_T6 543-659 Sentence denotes They are usually masked by other sugar moieties and belong to a class of glyco-antigens that are normally "cryptic".
TextSentencer_T7 660-743 Sentence denotes However, viral expression of these carbohydrates may trigger host immune responses.
TextSentencer_T7 660-743 Sentence denotes However, viral expression of these carbohydrates may trigger host immune responses.
TextSentencer_T8 744-947 Sentence denotes For examples, HIV-1 and SARS-CoV display Man9 clusters and tri-or multi-antennary type II (Galβ1→4GlcNAc) chains (Tri/m-II), respectively; viral neutralizing antibodies often target these sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T8 744-947 Sentence denotes For examples, HIV-1 and SARS-CoV display Man9 clusters and tri-or multi-antennary type II (Galβ1→4GlcNAc) chains (Tri/m-II), respectively; viral neutralizing antibodies often target these sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T9 948-1070 Sentence denotes We asked, therefore, whether prostate tumor expression of corresponding carbohydrates triggers antibody responses in vivo.
TextSentencer_T9 948-1070 Sentence denotes We asked, therefore, whether prostate tumor expression of corresponding carbohydrates triggers antibody responses in vivo.
TextSentencer_T10 1071-1245 Sentence denotes Using carbohydrate microarrays, we analyzed a panel of human sera, including 17 samples from prostate cancer patients and 12 from men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
TextSentencer_T10 1071-1245 Sentence denotes Using carbohydrate microarrays, we analyzed a panel of human sera, including 17 samples from prostate cancer patients and 12 from men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
TextSentencer_T11 1246-1404 Sentence denotes We observed that IgG antibodies targeting the Man9-or Tri-/m-II-autoantigens are readily detectable in the sera of men with BPH, as well as those with cancer.
TextSentencer_T11 1246-1404 Sentence denotes We observed that IgG antibodies targeting the Man9-or Tri-/m-II-autoantigens are readily detectable in the sera of men with BPH, as well as those with cancer.
TextSentencer_T12 1405-1499 Sentence denotes Importantly, these antibody activities were selectively increased in prostate cancer patients.
TextSentencer_T12 1405-1499 Sentence denotes Importantly, these antibody activities were selectively increased in prostate cancer patients.
TextSentencer_T13 1500-1616 Sentence denotes Thus, human immune systems actively recognize these N-glycan cryptic carbohydrates and produce targeting antibodies.
TextSentencer_T13 1500-1616 Sentence denotes Thus, human immune systems actively recognize these N-glycan cryptic carbohydrates and produce targeting antibodies.
TextSentencer_T14 1617-1721 Sentence denotes This finding shads a light on a class of previously less studied immunological targets of human cancers.
TextSentencer_T14 1617-1721 Sentence denotes This finding shads a light on a class of previously less studied immunological targets of human cancers.
TextSentencer_T15 1722-1836 Sentence denotes Identifying the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic values of these targets will require further investigation.
TextSentencer_T15 1722-1836 Sentence denotes Identifying the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic values of these targets will require further investigation.
TextSentencer_T16 1838-1979 Sentence denotes Recognition of tumor-associated abnormal glycosylation has raised a great interest in the potential for carbohydrate-based cancer biomarkers.
TextSentencer_T16 1838-1979 Sentence denotes Recognition of tumor-associated abnormal glycosylation has raised a great interest in the potential for carbohydrate-based cancer biomarkers.
TextSentencer_T17 1980-2221 Sentence denotes For prostate cancer (PCa), a number of tumor-associated aberrant carbohydrates have been identified and characterized, including the glyco-isoforms of PSA [1] [2] [3] , sulfated glycolipid [4] and blood group antigens and precursors [5, 6] .
TextSentencer_T17 1980-2221 Sentence denotes For prostate cancer (PCa), a number of tumor-associated aberrant carbohydrates have been identified and characterized, including the glyco-isoforms of PSA [1] [2] [3] , sulfated glycolipid [4] and blood group antigens and precursors [5, 6] .
TextSentencer_T18 2222-2272 Sentence denotes The latter represent a diverse panel of O-glycans.
TextSentencer_T18 2222-2272 Sentence denotes The latter represent a diverse panel of O-glycans.
TextSentencer_T19 2273-2640 Sentence denotes These include, but are not limited to, T antigen [7, 8] , Tn, sialyl and globo-H [9] ; the branched and linear type II backbone regions (I and i antigens); the difucosylated Le y or the monofucosyl, or monosialyl compound of sialyl-Le x , blood group H and Le b [10] ; type I backbone-based sialyl-Le a [11] ; and sialyl-Le x in association with metastatic PCa [12] .
TextSentencer_T19 2273-2640 Sentence denotes These include, but are not limited to, T antigen [7, 8] , Tn, sialyl and globo-H [9] ; the branched and linear type II backbone regions (I and i antigens); the difucosylated Le y or the monofucosyl, or monosialyl compound of sialyl-Le x , blood group H and Le b [10] ; type I backbone-based sialyl-Le a [11] ; and sialyl-Le x in association with metastatic PCa [12] .
TextSentencer_T20 2641-2834 Sentence denotes While carbohydrate researchers are exploring the diversities of tumor glycome, other investigators have turned their attention to the immunological properties of tumor-associated carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T20 2641-2834 Sentence denotes While carbohydrate researchers are exploring the diversities of tumor glycome, other investigators have turned their attention to the immunological properties of tumor-associated carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T21 2835-3154 Sentence denotes Wandall et al. [13] developed an O-glycopeptide microarray to monitor human autoantibody responses to tumor antigens that they successfully used to detect cancer-associated IgG autoantibodies against different aberrant O-glycopeptide epitopes derived from MUC1 in sera from breast, ovarian and prostate cancer patients.
TextSentencer_T21 2835-3154 Sentence denotes Wandall et al. [13] developed an O-glycopeptide microarray to monitor human autoantibody responses to tumor antigens that they successfully used to detect cancer-associated IgG autoantibodies against different aberrant O-glycopeptide epitopes derived from MUC1 in sera from breast, ovarian and prostate cancer patients.
TextSentencer_T22 3155-3405 Sentence denotes Last year Blixt et al. [13, 14] reported that the presence and level of autoantibodies were significantly higher in the sera from cancer patients compared with sera from the control subjects and a highly significant correlation with age was observed.
TextSentencer_T22 3155-3405 Sentence denotes Last year Blixt et al. [13, 14] reported that the presence and level of autoantibodies were significantly higher in the sera from cancer patients compared with sera from the control subjects and a highly significant correlation with age was observed.
TextSentencer_T23 3406-3638 Sentence denotes High levels of a subset of autoantibodies to the core3MUC1 and STnMUC1 glycoforms (GlcNAcβ1-3GalNAc-MUC1 and NeuAcα2, 6GalNAc-MUC1, respectively) were significantly associated with reduced incidence and increased time to metastasis.
TextSentencer_T23 3406-3638 Sentence denotes High levels of a subset of autoantibodies to the core3MUC1 and STnMUC1 glycoforms (GlcNAcβ1-3GalNAc-MUC1 and NeuAcα2, 6GalNAc-MUC1, respectively) were significantly associated with reduced incidence and increased time to metastasis.
TextSentencer_T24 3639-3781 Sentence denotes These results suggest that autoantibodies to aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 in early stage breast cancer are associated with a better prognosis.
TextSentencer_T24 3639-3781 Sentence denotes These results suggest that autoantibodies to aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 in early stage breast cancer are associated with a better prognosis.
TextSentencer_T25 3782-3909 Sentence denotes Padler-Karavani et al. [15] found that human carcinomas can metabolically incorporate the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc.
TextSentencer_T25 3782-3909 Sentence denotes Padler-Karavani et al. [15] found that human carcinomas can metabolically incorporate the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc.
TextSentencer_T26 3910-4073 Sentence denotes That monosaccharide differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by one oxygen atom but is able to trigger a differential antibody response.
TextSentencer_T26 3910-4073 Sentence denotes That monosaccharide differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by one oxygen atom but is able to trigger a differential antibody response.
TextSentencer_T27 4074-4349 Sentence denotes Using a novel sialoglycan microarray presenting multiple Neu5Gc-glycans and control Neu5Ac-glycans, these investigators found that antibodies against Neu5Gcalpha2-6GalNAcβ1-O-Ser/Thr (GcSTn) are more prominent in patients with carcinomas than in patients with other diseases.
TextSentencer_T27 4074-4349 Sentence denotes Using a novel sialoglycan microarray presenting multiple Neu5Gc-glycans and control Neu5Ac-glycans, these investigators found that antibodies against Neu5Gcalpha2-6GalNAcβ1-O-Ser/Thr (GcSTn) are more prominent in patients with carcinomas than in patients with other diseases.
TextSentencer_T28 4350-4512 Sentence denotes Thus, these xeno-autoantibodies and xenoautoantigens are considered potential targets for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in human carcinomas.
TextSentencer_T28 4350-4512 Sentence denotes Thus, these xeno-autoantibodies and xenoautoantigens are considered potential targets for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in human carcinomas.
TextSentencer_T29 4513-4695 Sentence denotes Our laboratory has been investigating a class of cryptic glycan markers that are differentially expressed among different Gleason grades of PCa and metastatic tumors [16] [17] [18] .
TextSentencer_T29 4513-4695 Sentence denotes Our laboratory has been investigating a class of cryptic glycan markers that are differentially expressed among different Gleason grades of PCa and metastatic tumors [16] [17] [18] .
TextSentencer_T30 4696-4878 Sentence denotes These markers include high-mannose (Man9) clusters; tri-antennary type II or multivalent type II (Tri/m-II) chains; and the agalactosyl derivatives, Tri-/m-Gn (GlcNAc)-glycoepitopes.
TextSentencer_T30 4696-4878 Sentence denotes These markers include high-mannose (Man9) clusters; tri-antennary type II or multivalent type II (Tri/m-II) chains; and the agalactosyl derivatives, Tri-/m-Gn (GlcNAc)-glycoepitopes.
TextSentencer_T31 4879-4984 Sentence denotes As illustrated in Figure 1 , they share the N-glycan Man-cores but differ in the terminal sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T31 4879-4984 Sentence denotes As illustrated in Figure 1 , they share the N-glycan Man-cores but differ in the terminal sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T32 4985-5163 Sentence denotes Unlike the fully glycosylated cellular N-glycans, which are often capped by Neu5Ac, these targets expose the internal sequences that are normally "cryptic" to the immune systems.
TextSentencer_T32 4985-5163 Sentence denotes Unlike the fully glycosylated cellular N-glycans, which are often capped by Neu5Ac, these targets expose the internal sequences that are normally "cryptic" to the immune systems.
TextSentencer_T33 5164-5255 Sentence denotes However, some viral pathogens express these carbohydrates on the surfaces of their virions.
TextSentencer_T33 5164-5255 Sentence denotes However, some viral pathogens express these carbohydrates on the surfaces of their virions.
TextSentencer_T34 5256-5422 Sentence denotes For examples, the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein gp120 are heavily coated with Man9 clusters [19, 20] and the spike protein of SARS-CoV expresses Tri/m-II moieties [21] .
TextSentencer_T34 5256-5422 Sentence denotes For examples, the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein gp120 are heavily coated with Man9 clusters [19, 20] and the spike protein of SARS-CoV expresses Tri/m-II moieties [21] .
TextSentencer_T35 5423-5525 Sentence denotes Importantly, viral neutralizing antibodies often target these carbohydrates [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] .
TextSentencer_T35 5423-5525 Sentence denotes Importantly, viral neutralizing antibodies often target these carbohydrates [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] .
TextSentencer_T36 5526-5659 Sentence denotes One of the open questions is whether host immune systems recognize and respond to the tumor-expressed N-glycan cryptic carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T36 5526-5659 Sentence denotes One of the open questions is whether host immune systems recognize and respond to the tumor-expressed N-glycan cryptic carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T37 5660-5782 Sentence denotes Newsom-Davis and Wang et al. [24] recently reported that a tumor cell-based vaccine elicited anti-Man9-cluster antibodies.
TextSentencer_T37 5660-5782 Sentence denotes Newsom-Davis and Wang et al. [24] recently reported that a tumor cell-based vaccine elicited anti-Man9-cluster antibodies.
TextSentencer_T38 5783-5875 Sentence denotes In this experiment, Fas-ligand-transfected melanoma cells were used for animal immunization.
TextSentencer_T38 5783-5875 Sentence denotes In this experiment, Fas-ligand-transfected melanoma cells were used for animal immunization.
TextSentencer_T39 5876-6028 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a monoclonal antibody (mAb), TM10, established by this immunization strategy illustrates a unique binding profile.
TextSentencer_T39 5876-6028 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a monoclonal antibody (mAb), TM10, established by this immunization strategy illustrates a unique binding profile.
TextSentencer_T40 6029-6235 Sentence denotes TM10 does not bind to the cell surface of untransformed normal cells but strongly binds to a number of murine and human tumor cell lines, including those from melanoma, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers.
TextSentencer_T40 6029-6235 Sentence denotes TM10 does not bind to the cell surface of untransformed normal cells but strongly binds to a number of murine and human tumor cell lines, including those from melanoma, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers.
TextSentencer_T41 6236-6539 Sentence denotes Our carbohydrate microarray analysis revealed that TM10 recognizes the oligomannosyl epitopes presented by two Man9 clusters, (Man9)n-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and [(Man9)4]n-KLH [24] , which were constructed to investigate the HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes recognized by a human mAb 2G12 [19, 20] .
TextSentencer_T41 6236-6539 Sentence denotes Our carbohydrate microarray analysis revealed that TM10 recognizes the oligomannosyl epitopes presented by two Man9 clusters, (Man9)n-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and [(Man9)4]n-KLH [24] , which were constructed to investigate the HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes recognized by a human mAb 2G12 [19, 20] .
TextSentencer_T42 6540-6682 Sentence denotes These findings promoted us to investigate whether human immune systems recognize and respond to these tumor-associated cryptic glyco-antigens.
TextSentencer_T42 6540-6682 Sentence denotes These findings promoted us to investigate whether human immune systems recognize and respond to these tumor-associated cryptic glyco-antigens.
TextSentencer_T43 6683-6814 Sentence denotes In the current study, we characterized a panel of sera from men with PCa and sera from men with BPH using carbohydrate microarrays.
TextSentencer_T43 6683-6814 Sentence denotes In the current study, we characterized a panel of sera from men with PCa and sera from men with BPH using carbohydrate microarrays.
TextSentencer_T44 6815-6980 Sentence denotes Our rationale was that if these tumor carbohydrates were immunogenic in vivo, cancer patients would be possible to mount antibody responses to corresponding targets.
TextSentencer_T44 6815-6980 Sentence denotes Our rationale was that if these tumor carbohydrates were immunogenic in vivo, cancer patients would be possible to mount antibody responses to corresponding targets.
TextSentencer_T45 6981-7125 Sentence denotes Detection of these antibodies in PCa subjects by carbohydrate microarrays would provide evidence to pin down the specific immunological targets.
TextSentencer_T45 6981-7125 Sentence denotes Detection of these antibodies in PCa subjects by carbohydrate microarrays would provide evidence to pin down the specific immunological targets.
TextSentencer_T46 7126-7178 Sentence denotes Results of this study are summarized in this report.
TextSentencer_T46 7126-7178 Sentence denotes Results of this study are summarized in this report.
TextSentencer_T47 7179-7324 Sentence denotes A panel of 29 banked human sera specimens for analysis in this study was kindly provided by Dr. Zeqi (Joe) Zhou, of Egenix, Inc. (Millbrook, NY).
TextSentencer_T47 7179-7324 Sentence denotes A panel of 29 banked human sera specimens for analysis in this study was kindly provided by Dr. Zeqi (Joe) Zhou, of Egenix, Inc. (Millbrook, NY).
TextSentencer_T48 7325-7426 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of PCa (N=17) or BPH (N=12) was based on the results of prostate needle biopsy in a clinic.
TextSentencer_T48 7325-7426 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of PCa (N=17) or BPH (N=12) was based on the results of prostate needle biopsy in a clinic.
TextSentencer_T49 7427-7505 Sentence denotes Surgical Gleason grade information is, however, not available for this cohort.
TextSentencer_T49 7427-7505 Sentence denotes Surgical Gleason grade information is, however, not available for this cohort.
TextSentencer_T50 7506-7566 Sentence denotes The specimens were blinded before we conducted our analysis.
TextSentencer_T50 7506-7566 Sentence denotes The specimens were blinded before we conducted our analysis.
TextSentencer_T51 7567-7677 Sentence denotes Cy3-conjugated anti-human IgG used for carbohydrate microarray assay was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
TextSentencer_T51 7567-7677 Sentence denotes Cy3-conjugated anti-human IgG used for carbohydrate microarray assay was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
TextSentencer_T52 7678-7807 Sentence denotes Carbohydrate antigens, glycoconjugates and other antigen preparations applied in this study are listed in Supplementary Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T52 7678-7807 Sentence denotes Carbohydrate antigens, glycoconjugates and other antigen preparations applied in this study are listed in Supplementary Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T53 7808-7946 Sentence denotes The microarrays used comprised 32 distinct antigen preparations, including 16 potential autoantigens and 16 common environmental antigens.
TextSentencer_T53 7808-7946 Sentence denotes The microarrays used comprised 32 distinct antigen preparations, including 16 potential autoantigens and 16 common environmental antigens.
TextSentencer_T54 7947-8154 Sentence denotes The latter were selected because they often detect significant anti-carbohydrate antibodies in human circulation and can provide control probes for monitoring the global antibody profiles in a given subject.
TextSentencer_T54 7947-8154 Sentence denotes The latter were selected because they often detect significant anti-carbohydrate antibodies in human circulation and can provide control probes for monitoring the global antibody profiles in a given subject.
TextSentencer_T55 8155-8332 Sentence denotes Members of the N-glycan cryptic sugar moieties illustrated in Figure 1 , including Man-cores, Tri-/m-Gn and Tri/m-II, were presented by a panel of spotted carbohydrate antigens.
TextSentencer_T55 8155-8332 Sentence denotes Members of the N-glycan cryptic sugar moieties illustrated in Figure 1 , including Man-cores, Tri-/m-Gn and Tri/m-II, were presented by a panel of spotted carbohydrate antigens.
TextSentencer_T56 8333-8493 Sentence denotes These include native human glycoproteins OR, ASOR and AGOR, as well as two synthetic high-mannose clusters, (Man9)n-KLH and [(Man9)4]n-KLH [25] [26] [27] [28] .
TextSentencer_T56 8333-8493 Sentence denotes These include native human glycoproteins OR, ASOR and AGOR, as well as two synthetic high-mannose clusters, (Man9)n-KLH and [(Man9)4]n-KLH [25] [26] [27] [28] .
TextSentencer_T57 8494-8650 Sentence denotes For microarray printing, polysaccharides and glycoproteins were dissolved in saline and lipids were prepared as liposomes as described [29] [30] [31] [32] .
TextSentencer_T57 8494-8650 Sentence denotes For microarray printing, polysaccharides and glycoproteins were dissolved in saline and lipids were prepared as liposomes as described [29] [30] [31] [32] .
TextSentencer_T58 8651-8870 Sentence denotes Antigen solutions or liposome suspensions were spotted onto nitrocellulose-coated FAST slides (Schleicher & Schuell) by a high-precision robot designed to produce cDNA microarrays (Cartesian Technologies' PixSys 5500C).
TextSentencer_T58 8651-8870 Sentence denotes Antigen solutions or liposome suspensions were spotted onto nitrocellulose-coated FAST slides (Schleicher & Schuell) by a high-precision robot designed to produce cDNA microarrays (Cartesian Technologies' PixSys 5500C).
TextSentencer_T59 8871-9026 Sentence denotes Immediately before use, the printed microarray slides were washed in 1xPBS at room temperature (RT) for 5 min and blocked with 1% BSA-PBS at RT for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T59 8871-9026 Sentence denotes Immediately before use, the printed microarray slides were washed in 1xPBS at room temperature (RT) for 5 min and blocked with 1% BSA-PBS at RT for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T60 9027-9201 Sentence denotes They were incubated with 50 μl of sera (1:25) at RT for 1 hour, washed and then incubated with titrated secondary anti-human IgG antibodies coupled with Cy3 at RT for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T60 9027-9201 Sentence denotes They were incubated with 50 μl of sera (1:25) at RT for 1 hour, washed and then incubated with titrated secondary anti-human IgG antibodies coupled with Cy3 at RT for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T61 9202-9290 Sentence denotes The stained slides were then rinsed five times and air-dried at RT before being scanned.
TextSentencer_T61 9202-9290 Sentence denotes The stained slides were then rinsed five times and air-dried at RT before being scanned.
TextSentencer_T62 9291-9421 Sentence denotes The ScanArray5000A Microarray Scanner (PerkinElmer Life Science) was used to scan the stained microarrays for fluorescent signals.
TextSentencer_T62 9291-9421 Sentence denotes The ScanArray5000A Microarray Scanner (PerkinElmer Life Science) was used to scan the stained microarrays for fluorescent signals.
TextSentencer_T63 9422-9566 Sentence denotes Fluorescent intensity values for each array spot and its background were calculated using ScanArray Express software (PerkinElmer Life Science).
TextSentencer_T63 9422-9566 Sentence denotes Fluorescent intensity values for each array spot and its background were calculated using ScanArray Express software (PerkinElmer Life Science).
TextSentencer_T64 9567-9805 Sentence denotes Carbohydrate array datasets for 29 microarray assays, including sera from 17 PCa patients and 12 BPH patients, were standardized and statistically analyzed using the JMP Genomics software package from SAS Institute (Cary, North Carolina).
TextSentencer_T64 9567-9805 Sentence denotes Carbohydrate array datasets for 29 microarray assays, including sera from 17 PCa patients and 12 BPH patients, were standardized and statistically analyzed using the JMP Genomics software package from SAS Institute (Cary, North Carolina).
TextSentencer_T65 9806-10008 Sentence denotes The standardized antibody reactivity (IgG) is shown as microarray scores, which are the log2 transformed (medianbackground) values normalized by setting their interquartile ranges (IQR) to be identical.
TextSentencer_T65 9806-10008 Sentence denotes The standardized antibody reactivity (IgG) is shown as microarray scores, which are the log2 transformed (medianbackground) values normalized by setting their interquartile ranges (IQR) to be identical.
TextSentencer_T66 10009-10099 Sentence denotes One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the results obtained among groups and/or subgroups.
TextSentencer_T66 10009-10099 Sentence denotes One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the results obtained among groups and/or subgroups.
TextSentencer_T67 10100-10199 Sentence denotes Student's t test was applied to calculate the significance of differences among comparative groups.
TextSentencer_T67 10100-10199 Sentence denotes Student's t test was applied to calculate the significance of differences among comparative groups.
TextSentencer_T68 10200-10321 Sentence denotes The first step of this carbohydrate microarray analysis was to characterize the global antibody profiles of all subjects.
TextSentencer_T68 10200-10321 Sentence denotes The first step of this carbohydrate microarray analysis was to characterize the global antibody profiles of all subjects.
TextSentencer_T69 10322-10497 Sentence denotes These profiles were measured as the relative serum antibody reactivities (IgG scores) with a diverse panel of antigens spotted in the same carbohydrate microarray (Figure 2 ).
TextSentencer_T69 10322-10497 Sentence denotes These profiles were measured as the relative serum antibody reactivities (IgG scores) with a diverse panel of antigens spotted in the same carbohydrate microarray (Figure 2 ).
TextSentencer_T70 10498-10733 Sentence denotes Statistical analyses were followed to identify the glycan markers that detect significant levels of autoantibodies in human circulation ( Figure 3 ) and further to those that capture PCa-associated autoantibody signatures ( Figure 4 ).
TextSentencer_T70 10498-10733 Sentence denotes Statistical analyses were followed to identify the glycan markers that detect significant levels of autoantibodies in human circulation ( Figure 3 ) and further to those that capture PCa-associated autoantibody signatures ( Figure 4 ).
TextSentencer_T71 10734-10873 Sentence denotes In Figure 2 , the antibody profiles are illustrated as overlay plots with IgG scores on the Yaxis and antigen probes aligned on the X-axis.
TextSentencer_T71 10734-10873 Sentence denotes In Figure 2 , the antibody profiles are illustrated as overlay plots with IgG scores on the Yaxis and antigen probes aligned on the X-axis.
TextSentencer_T72 10874-10979 Sentence denotes Each colored symbol represents the IgG score of a given antibody specificity detected from a sera sample.
TextSentencer_T72 10874-10979 Sentence denotes Each colored symbol represents the IgG score of a given antibody specificity detected from a sera sample.
TextSentencer_T73 10980-11102 Sentence denotes The anti-self-antibody activities, including anti-carbohydrates and anti-lipids, are plotted to the left of a dashed line.
TextSentencer_T73 10980-11102 Sentence denotes The anti-self-antibody activities, including anti-carbohydrates and anti-lipids, are plotted to the left of a dashed line.
TextSentencer_T74 11103-11204 Sentence denotes Antinon-self-antibodies, mainly anti-microbial polysaccharides, are plotted to the right of the line.
TextSentencer_T74 11103-11204 Sentence denotes Antinon-self-antibodies, mainly anti-microbial polysaccharides, are plotted to the right of the line.
TextSentencer_T75 11205-11401 Sentence denotes Although the sera from the BPH and PCa subjects illustrate general similarity in their global antibody profiles, antibody reactivities targeting Man9 clusters spiked in the PCa sera ( Figure 2A) .
TextSentencer_T75 11205-11401 Sentence denotes Although the sera from the BPH and PCa subjects illustrate general similarity in their global antibody profiles, antibody reactivities targeting Man9 clusters spiked in the PCa sera ( Figure 2A) .
TextSentencer_T76 11402-11513 Sentence denotes Figure 3 and 4 further examined statistically significant detection of autoantibodies by this microarray assay.
TextSentencer_T76 11402-11513 Sentence denotes Figure 3 and 4 further examined statistically significant detection of autoantibodies by this microarray assay.
TextSentencer_T77 11514-11609 Sentence denotes In these figures, each dot represents the mean value of triplicate array detection of a sample.
TextSentencer_T77 11514-11609 Sentence denotes In these figures, each dot represents the mean value of triplicate array detection of a sample.
TextSentencer_T78 11610-11855 Sentence denotes The mean of given group of subjects (represented by the green bar) and standard deviations (shown as a green diamond around the mean value) are shown to describe the size of the difference in relation to the distribution of values in each group.
TextSentencer_T78 11610-11855 Sentence denotes The mean of given group of subjects (represented by the green bar) and standard deviations (shown as a green diamond around the mean value) are shown to describe the size of the difference in relation to the distribution of values in each group.
TextSentencer_T79 11856-11937 Sentence denotes The comparison circles for Student's t-tests appear to the right of the diamonds.
TextSentencer_T79 11856-11937 Sentence denotes The comparison circles for Student's t-tests appear to the right of the diamonds.
TextSentencer_T80 11938-12105 Sentence denotes The intersection of the circles illustrates the significance of the difference; the more the circles intersect, the less the significance of difference and vice versa.
TextSentencer_T80 11938-12105 Sentence denotes The intersection of the circles illustrates the significance of the difference; the more the circles intersect, the less the significance of difference and vice versa.
TextSentencer_T81 12106-12187 Sentence denotes Figure 3 addressed whether a given autoantigen detected antibodies in human sera.
TextSentencer_T81 12106-12187 Sentence denotes Figure 3 addressed whether a given autoantigen detected antibodies in human sera.
TextSentencer_T82 12188-12304 Sentence denotes One-way analysis was performed to examine the significance of the differences of IgG scores among pairs of antigens.
TextSentencer_T82 12188-12304 Sentence denotes One-way analysis was performed to examine the significance of the differences of IgG scores among pairs of antigens.
TextSentencer_T83 12305-12385 Sentence denotes For examples, we examined pairs of OR-AGOR, OR-ASOR and AGOR-ASOR, respectively.
TextSentencer_T83 12305-12385 Sentence denotes For examples, we examined pairs of OR-AGOR, OR-ASOR and AGOR-ASOR, respectively.
TextSentencer_T84 12386-12491 Sentence denotes OR, ASOR and AGOR are identical in their protein component but differ in the glyco-epitopes they express.
TextSentencer_T84 12386-12491 Sentence denotes OR, ASOR and AGOR are identical in their protein component but differ in the glyco-epitopes they express.
TextSentencer_T85 12492-12610 Sentence denotes AGOR and ASOR display Tri/m-Gn and Tri/m-II, respectively; OR do not surface-display either of the two glyco-epitopes.
TextSentencer_T85 12492-12610 Sentence denotes AGOR and ASOR display Tri/m-Gn and Tri/m-II, respectively; OR do not surface-display either of the two glyco-epitopes.
TextSentencer_T86 12611-12713 Sentence denotes Thus, their pairwise comparison is sufficient for revealing the carbohydrate-specific binding signals.
TextSentencer_T86 12611-12713 Sentence denotes Thus, their pairwise comparison is sufficient for revealing the carbohydrate-specific binding signals.
TextSentencer_T87 12714-12784 Sentence denotes As shown in Figure 3A and 3B, OR did not detect measurable antibodies.
TextSentencer_T87 12714-12784 Sentence denotes As shown in Figure 3A and 3B, OR did not detect measurable antibodies.
TextSentencer_T88 12785-12919 Sentence denotes By contrast, its asialo form, ASOR (Tri/m-II) and agalato form, AGOR (Tri/m-Gn) captured highly significant amounts of IgG antibodies.
TextSentencer_T88 12785-12919 Sentence denotes By contrast, its asialo form, ASOR (Tri/m-II) and agalato form, AGOR (Tri/m-Gn) captured highly significant amounts of IgG antibodies.
TextSentencer_T89 12920-12998 Sentence denotes Figure 3C and 3D show one-way analysis among KLH, Man9 (2G12) and Man9 (TM10).
TextSentencer_T89 12920-12998 Sentence denotes Figure 3C and 3D show one-way analysis among KLH, Man9 (2G12) and Man9 (TM10).
TextSentencer_T90 12999-13069 Sentence denotes These antigens share the KLH carrier but differ in carbohydrate units.
TextSentencer_T90 12999-13069 Sentence denotes These antigens share the KLH carrier but differ in carbohydrate units.
TextSentencer_T91 13070-13147 Sentence denotes Man9 (2G12) and Man9 (TM10) display Man9 in different cluster configurations.
TextSentencer_T91 13070-13147 Sentence denotes Man9 (2G12) and Man9 (TM10) display Man9 in different cluster configurations.
TextSentencer_T92 13148-13362 Sentence denotes By comparing antibodies captured by these conjugates with those of the KLH control, it was determined that the two Man9 clusters detected highly significant amounts of IgG antibodies in both the PCa and BPH groups.
TextSentencer_T92 13148-13362 Sentence denotes By comparing antibodies captured by these conjugates with those of the KLH control, it was determined that the two Man9 clusters detected highly significant amounts of IgG antibodies in both the PCa and BPH groups.
TextSentencer_T93 13363-13524 Sentence denotes Figure 4 examined whether a detected serum autoantibody differed significantly between the PCa and BPH groups in order to identify potential "signatures" of PCa.
TextSentencer_T93 13363-13524 Sentence denotes Figure 4 examined whether a detected serum autoantibody differed significantly between the PCa and BPH groups in order to identify potential "signatures" of PCa.
TextSentencer_T94 13525-13633 Sentence denotes For this purpose, autoantibodies detected in the PCa group were compared to those detected in the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T94 13525-13633 Sentence denotes For this purpose, autoantibodies detected in the PCa group were compared to those detected in the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T95 13634-13751 Sentence denotes The two Man9 clusters detected significantly increased levels of autoantibodies in the PCa group ( Figure 4C and 4D).
TextSentencer_T95 13634-13751 Sentence denotes The two Man9 clusters detected significantly increased levels of autoantibodies in the PCa group ( Figure 4C and 4D).
TextSentencer_T96 13752-13833 Sentence denotes Man9 (TM10) appears to be more effective than Man9 (2G12) in capturing serum IgG.
TextSentencer_T96 13752-13833 Sentence denotes Man9 (TM10) appears to be more effective than Man9 (2G12) in capturing serum IgG.
TextSentencer_T97 13834-13932 Sentence denotes AGOR and ASOR did not detect significantly different levels of IgG between the PCa and BPH groups.
TextSentencer_T97 13834-13932 Sentence denotes AGOR and ASOR did not detect significantly different levels of IgG between the PCa and BPH groups.
TextSentencer_T98 13933-14119 Sentence denotes However, a wide distribution of IgG ASOR scores among samples from PCa patients was observed with a significant proportion of samples producing elevated levels of IgG ASOR ( Figure 4B ).
TextSentencer_T98 13933-14119 Sentence denotes However, a wide distribution of IgG ASOR scores among samples from PCa patients was observed with a significant proportion of samples producing elevated levels of IgG ASOR ( Figure 4B ).
TextSentencer_T99 14120-14258 Sentence denotes In this study, we examined a panel of tumor-associated cryptic carbohydrate antigens for their potential immunogenic activities in humans.
TextSentencer_T99 14120-14258 Sentence denotes In this study, we examined a panel of tumor-associated cryptic carbohydrate antigens for their potential immunogenic activities in humans.
TextSentencer_T100 14259-14376 Sentence denotes Our interest was to identify the carbohydrates that are able to trigger anti-carbohydrate antibody responses in vivo.
TextSentencer_T100 14259-14376 Sentence denotes Our interest was to identify the carbohydrates that are able to trigger anti-carbohydrate antibody responses in vivo.
TextSentencer_T101 14377-14533 Sentence denotes Our assumption is that tumor carbohydrates with such immunological properties are suitable for development of tumor immunoassays and targeted immunotherapy.
TextSentencer_T101 14377-14533 Sentence denotes Our assumption is that tumor carbohydrates with such immunological properties are suitable for development of tumor immunoassays and targeted immunotherapy.
TextSentencer_T102 14534-14602 Sentence denotes The repertoire of human serum antibodies is broad and diverse [33] .
TextSentencer_T102 14534-14602 Sentence denotes The repertoire of human serum antibodies is broad and diverse [33] .
TextSentencer_T103 14603-14787 Sentence denotes How to standardize microarray datasets so that antibody profiles of different subjects can be quantitatively measured and meaningfully compared was a technical challenge to this study.
TextSentencer_T103 14603-14787 Sentence denotes How to standardize microarray datasets so that antibody profiles of different subjects can be quantitatively measured and meaningfully compared was a technical challenge to this study.
TextSentencer_T104 14788-14896 Sentence denotes We introduced the concept of Relative Antibody Reactivity (RAR) to standardize the global antibody profiles.
TextSentencer_T104 14788-14896 Sentence denotes We introduced the concept of Relative Antibody Reactivity (RAR) to standardize the global antibody profiles.
TextSentencer_T105 14897-15130 Sentence denotes In this way, the antibody profiles in comparison are independent of the serum antibody concentration, which is often subjected to the influences by a subject's physiological or pathological status in having blood drawn in the clinic.
TextSentencer_T105 14897-15130 Sentence denotes In this way, the antibody profiles in comparison are independent of the serum antibody concentration, which is often subjected to the influences by a subject's physiological or pathological status in having blood drawn in the clinic.
TextSentencer_T106 15131-15287 Sentence denotes Figure 2 presents the RAR profiles captured for all tested sera samples, including those from both PCa patients (Figure 2A ) and BPH subjects ( Figure 2B ).
TextSentencer_T106 15131-15287 Sentence denotes Figure 2 presents the RAR profiles captured for all tested sera samples, including those from both PCa patients (Figure 2A ) and BPH subjects ( Figure 2B ).
TextSentencer_T107 15288-15461 Sentence denotes Visual inspection of this figure readily reveals that the global patterns of antigen-specific antibodies are impressively similar across subjects in both BPH and PCa groups.
TextSentencer_T107 15288-15461 Sentence denotes Visual inspection of this figure readily reveals that the global patterns of antigen-specific antibodies are impressively similar across subjects in both BPH and PCa groups.
TextSentencer_T108 15462-15578 Sentence denotes However, spikes of autoantibody activities emerged against the background of the conserved global antibody profiles.
TextSentencer_T108 15462-15578 Sentence denotes However, spikes of autoantibody activities emerged against the background of the conserved global antibody profiles.
TextSentencer_T109 15579-15688 Sentence denotes Interestingly, a number of spikes were identified in the same antigen ID# locations in the PCa-and BPH-plots.
TextSentencer_T109 15579-15688 Sentence denotes Interestingly, a number of spikes were identified in the same antigen ID# locations in the PCa-and BPH-plots.
TextSentencer_T110 15689-15792 Sentence denotes These are antigen ID #10, #12 and #26, which are Man9(2G12), Man9 (TM10) and cardiolipin, respectively.
TextSentencer_T110 15689-15792 Sentence denotes These are antigen ID #10, #12 and #26, which are Man9(2G12), Man9 (TM10) and cardiolipin, respectively.
TextSentencer_T111 15793-15930 Sentence denotes Based on this observation, we infer that preexisting autoantibodies contribute to the enhanced antibody responses to tumor carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T111 15793-15930 Sentence denotes Based on this observation, we infer that preexisting autoantibodies contribute to the enhanced antibody responses to tumor carbohydrates.
TextSentencer_T112 15931-16177 Sentence denotes Further investigation is required to determine whether autoantibodies produced by PCa patients, especially those with aggressive PCa, carry specific molecular signatures, such as selectively used germ-line genes or hyper-mutations in IgV regions.
TextSentencer_T112 15931-16177 Sentence denotes Further investigation is required to determine whether autoantibodies produced by PCa patients, especially those with aggressive PCa, carry specific molecular signatures, such as selectively used germ-line genes or hyper-mutations in IgV regions.
TextSentencer_T113 16178-16416 Sentence denotes Practical approaches to address these issues include establishment of immobilized human B cell clones or determination of IgV region sequences by cloning and sequencing them from single antibody-positive B cells [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] .
TextSentencer_T113 16178-16416 Sentence denotes Practical approaches to address these issues include establishment of immobilized human B cell clones or determination of IgV region sequences by cloning and sequencing them from single antibody-positive B cells [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] .
TextSentencer_T114 16417-16634 Sentence denotes These approaches support recovery of the original pairs of V H and V L segments, which is essential for examining the clonal relationship among cells of different binding affinities with and without somatic mutations.
TextSentencer_T114 16417-16634 Sentence denotes These approaches support recovery of the original pairs of V H and V L segments, which is essential for examining the clonal relationship among cells of different binding affinities with and without somatic mutations.
TextSentencer_T115 16635-16798 Sentence denotes In the background of the RAR-standardized global antibody profiles, we further examined statistically meaningful detection of autoantibodies in human circulations.
TextSentencer_T115 16635-16798 Sentence denotes In the background of the RAR-standardized global antibody profiles, we further examined statistically meaningful detection of autoantibodies in human circulations.
TextSentencer_T116 16799-16931 Sentence denotes This effort is exploratory since it hits an immunological paradigm regarding human immune recognition of self-carbohydrate antigens.
TextSentencer_T116 16799-16931 Sentence denotes This effort is exploratory since it hits an immunological paradigm regarding human immune recognition of self-carbohydrate antigens.
TextSentencer_T117 16932-17022 Sentence denotes Figure 3A and 3B show one-way analysis of the IgG scores associated with OR, ASOR or AGOR.
TextSentencer_T117 16932-17022 Sentence denotes Figure 3A and 3B show one-way analysis of the IgG scores associated with OR, ASOR or AGOR.
TextSentencer_T118 17023-17109 Sentence denotes OR is an abundant human serum glycoprotein that is also known as α1-acid glycoprotein.
TextSentencer_T118 17023-17109 Sentence denotes OR is an abundant human serum glycoprotein that is also known as α1-acid glycoprotein.
TextSentencer_T119 17110-17212 Sentence denotes As expected, this assay did not detect antibody to this fully glycosylated native human serum protein.
TextSentencer_T119 17110-17212 Sentence denotes As expected, this assay did not detect antibody to this fully glycosylated native human serum protein.
TextSentencer_T120 17213-17380 Sentence denotes By contrast, carbohydrate microarrays detected significant levels of anti-ASOR (IgG ASOR ) and anti-AGOR (IgG AGOR ) antibodies in sera from both BPH and PCa patients.
TextSentencer_T120 17213-17380 Sentence denotes By contrast, carbohydrate microarrays detected significant levels of anti-ASOR (IgG ASOR ) and anti-AGOR (IgG AGOR ) antibodies in sera from both BPH and PCa patients.
TextSentencer_T121 17381-17535 Sentence denotes Since OR, ASOR and AGOR have identical protein components, the differential antibody activities associated with them reflects glycanbinding specificities.
TextSentencer_T121 17381-17535 Sentence denotes Since OR, ASOR and AGOR have identical protein components, the differential antibody activities associated with them reflects glycanbinding specificities.
TextSentencer_T122 17536-17638 Sentence denotes As illustrated in Figure 1 , corresponding cryptic moieties of OR were marked by other sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T122 17536-17638 Sentence denotes As illustrated in Figure 1 , corresponding cryptic moieties of OR were marked by other sugar moieties.
TextSentencer_T123 17639-17762 Sentence denotes Thus, IgG ASOR captured by ASOR is predominantly Tri/m-II-specific; IgG AGOR detected by AGOR reflects binding of Tri/m-Gn.
TextSentencer_T123 17639-17762 Sentence denotes Thus, IgG ASOR captured by ASOR is predominantly Tri/m-II-specific; IgG AGOR detected by AGOR reflects binding of Tri/m-Gn.
TextSentencer_T124 17763-17945 Sentence denotes Detection of IgG ASOR in human circulations is of particularly interesting since their targeting carbohydrates, Tri-/m-II, are characterized by having β(1,6)-branched type II chains.
TextSentencer_T124 17763-17945 Sentence denotes Detection of IgG ASOR in human circulations is of particularly interesting since their targeting carbohydrates, Tri-/m-II, are characterized by having β(1,6)-branched type II chains.
TextSentencer_T125 17946-18081 Sentence denotes Hyper-expression of β(1,6)-branched type II chains, as determined by PHA-L staining, has been found in a number of human cancers [39] .
TextSentencer_T125 17946-18081 Sentence denotes Hyper-expression of β(1,6)-branched type II chains, as determined by PHA-L staining, has been found in a number of human cancers [39] .
TextSentencer_T126 18082-18167 Sentence denotes Tissue-expression of this marker was also confirmed in the majority of PCa [16, 17] .
TextSentencer_T126 18082-18167 Sentence denotes Tissue-expression of this marker was also confirmed in the majority of PCa [16, 17] .
TextSentencer_T127 18168-18344 Sentence denotes In viewing Figure 4B , we further noticed that a significant number of dots of IgG ASOR in the PCa group are located above the upper 95% confidence limit line of the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T127 18168-18344 Sentence denotes In viewing Figure 4B , we further noticed that a significant number of dots of IgG ASOR in the PCa group are located above the upper 95% confidence limit line of the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T128 18345-18554 Sentence denotes This indicates that while the group means between PCa and BPH did not differ significantly (P=0.14306), a subset of PCa patients produced significantly increased levels of IgG ASOR compared with the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T128 18345-18554 Sentence denotes This indicates that while the group means between PCa and BPH did not differ significantly (P=0.14306), a subset of PCa patients produced significantly increased levels of IgG ASOR compared with the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T129 18555-18642 Sentence denotes The IgG ASOR specificities were also found in SARS-CoV neutralization antibodies [21] .
TextSentencer_T129 18555-18642 Sentence denotes The IgG ASOR specificities were also found in SARS-CoV neutralization antibodies [21] .
TextSentencer_T130 18643-18774 Sentence denotes It would be highly interesting if SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies bind to and effectively kill the Tri-/m-II-positive tumor cells.
TextSentencer_T130 18643-18774 Sentence denotes It would be highly interesting if SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies bind to and effectively kill the Tri-/m-II-positive tumor cells.
TextSentencer_T131 18775-19120 Sentence denotes Figure 3C and 3D show that the two Man9 clusters captured substantially increased levels of IgGs compared to those detected by their common KLH carrier molecule. [(Man9)4]n-KLH preserves well the HIV-1-specific Man9-glyco-epitopes recognized by 2G12. (Man9) n-KLH is poorly reactive with 2G12 but is highly reactive with the anti-tumor mAb TM10.
TextSentencer_T131 18775-19120 Sentence denotes Figure 3C and 3D show that the two Man9 clusters captured substantially increased levels of IgGs compared to those detected by their common KLH carrier molecule. [(Man9)4]n-KLH preserves well the HIV-1-specific Man9-glyco-epitopes recognized by 2G12. (Man9) n-KLH is poorly reactive with 2G12 but is highly reactive with the anti-tumor mAb TM10.
TextSentencer_T132 19121-19322 Sentence denotes Since IgG scores associated with Man9 (TM10) are significantly higher than the IgG scores of Man9 (2G12), IgG Man9 detected in human sera are likely dominated by TM10-like anti-Man9-cluster antibodies.
TextSentencer_T132 19121-19322 Sentence denotes Since IgG scores associated with Man9 (TM10) are significantly higher than the IgG scores of Man9 (2G12), IgG Man9 detected in human sera are likely dominated by TM10-like anti-Man9-cluster antibodies.
TextSentencer_T133 19323-19512 Sentence denotes Figure 4 illustrates further that both Man9 (TM10) and Man9 (2G12) detected significantly increased amounts of IgG antibodies in sera from the PCa group compared to sera from the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T133 19323-19512 Sentence denotes Figure 4 illustrates further that both Man9 (TM10) and Man9 (2G12) detected significantly increased amounts of IgG antibodies in sera from the PCa group compared to sera from the BPH group.
TextSentencer_T134 19513-19649 Sentence denotes The Man9 (TM10) conjugate is the most effective one in capturing serum IgGs among all autoantigens examined in this microarray analysis.
TextSentencer_T134 19513-19649 Sentence denotes The Man9 (TM10) conjugate is the most effective one in capturing serum IgGs among all autoantigens examined in this microarray analysis.
TextSentencer_T135 19650-19888 Sentence denotes In the context of tumor cell-surface expression of the TM10-antigens [24] and intensive expression of oligomannoses in the higher Gleason grade cancers [16] , IgG Man9 appears to be an attractive serum biomarker for further investigation.
TextSentencer_T135 19650-19888 Sentence denotes In the context of tumor cell-surface expression of the TM10-antigens [24] and intensive expression of oligomannoses in the higher Gleason grade cancers [16] , IgG Man9 appears to be an attractive serum biomarker for further investigation.
TextSentencer_T136 19889-20113 Sentence denotes In summary, we have found in this study that autoantibodies targeting the Man9-or Tri-/m-II-glyco-antigens are readily detectable in human sera and that these antibody reactivities were selectively increased in PCa subjects.
TextSentencer_T136 19889-20113 Sentence denotes In summary, we have found in this study that autoantibodies targeting the Man9-or Tri-/m-II-glyco-antigens are readily detectable in human sera and that these antibody reactivities were selectively increased in PCa subjects.
TextSentencer_T137 20114-20271 Sentence denotes An extended analysis of a larger cohort of PCa and BPH subjects is clearly required to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of these autoantibodies.
TextSentencer_T137 20114-20271 Sentence denotes An extended analysis of a larger cohort of PCa and BPH subjects is clearly required to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of these autoantibodies.
TextSentencer_T138 20272-20450 Sentence denotes However, current study has sufficiently demonstrated that human immune systems actively recognize the Man9-and Tri-/m-II-expressing autoantigens and produce targeting antibodies.
TextSentencer_T138 20272-20450 Sentence denotes However, current study has sufficiently demonstrated that human immune systems actively recognize the Man9-and Tri-/m-II-expressing autoantigens and produce targeting antibodies.
TextSentencer_T139 20451-20695 Sentence denotes Since these carbohydrate moieties are generally "cryptic" but become highly expressed or surface-exposed in a number of tumors, it is worthwhile to further investigate their potential for the targeted immunotherapy against corresponding tumors.
TextSentencer_T139 20451-20695 Sentence denotes Since these carbohydrate moieties are generally "cryptic" but become highly expressed or surface-exposed in a number of tumors, it is worthwhile to further investigate their potential for the targeted immunotherapy against corresponding tumors.
TextSentencer_T140 20696-20838 Sentence denotes Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of the host immune recognition and antibody responses to this class of cryptic glyco-antigens.
TextSentencer_T140 20696-20838 Sentence denotes Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of the host immune recognition and antibody responses to this class of cryptic glyco-antigens.
TextSentencer_T141 20839-20905 Sentence denotes Refer to Web version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.
TextSentencer_T141 20839-20905 Sentence denotes Refer to Web version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.
TextSentencer_T142 20906-20996 Sentence denotes The project described was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant Number U01CA128416.
TextSentencer_T142 20906-20996 Sentence denotes The project described was supported by National Cancer Institute Grant Number U01CA128416.
TextSentencer_T143 20997-21176 Sentence denotes The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.
TextSentencer_T143 20997-21176 Sentence denotes The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.
TextSentencer_T144 21177-21269 Sentence denotes Sera from 17 subjects with PCa and 12 with BPH were characterized using carbohydrate arrays.
TextSentencer_T144 21177-21269 Sentence denotes Sera from 17 subjects with PCa and 12 with BPH were characterized using carbohydrate arrays.
TextSentencer_T145 21270-21379 Sentence denotes Array datasets were processed and statistically analyzed using SAS Institute's JMP Genomics software package.
TextSentencer_T145 21270-21379 Sentence denotes Array datasets were processed and statistically analyzed using SAS Institute's JMP Genomics software package.
TextSentencer_T146 21380-21547 Sentence denotes Results are presented as overlay plots to illustrate the antibody profiles of each subject and to enable a visual comparison of the two groups, cancer (A) vs. BPH (B).
TextSentencer_T146 21380-21547 Sentence denotes Results are presented as overlay plots to illustrate the antibody profiles of each subject and to enable a visual comparison of the two groups, cancer (A) vs. BPH (B).
TextSentencer_T147 21548-21641 Sentence denotes Each dot in the plot is the mean value (IgG score) of triplicate array detection of a sample.
TextSentencer_T147 21548-21641 Sentence denotes Each dot in the plot is the mean value (IgG score) of triplicate array detection of a sample.
TextSentencer_T148 21642-21705 Sentence denotes The microarray datasets are presented in Supplemental Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T148 21642-21705 Sentence denotes The microarray datasets are presented in Supplemental Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T149 21706-21809 Sentence denotes One-way analysis was performed to compare group means among selected autoantigens listed in each panel.
TextSentencer_T149 21706-21809 Sentence denotes One-way analysis was performed to compare group means among selected autoantigens listed in each panel.
TextSentencer_T150 21810-21914 Sentence denotes Each dot in the panels represents the mean value (IgG score) of triplicate array detection of a subject.
TextSentencer_T150 21810-21914 Sentence denotes Each dot in the panels represents the mean value (IgG score) of triplicate array detection of a subject.
TextSentencer_T151 21915-22007 Sentence denotes The means are shown as bars and standard deviations as green diamonds around the mean value.
TextSentencer_T151 21915-22007 Sentence denotes The means are shown as bars and standard deviations as green diamonds around the mean value.
TextSentencer_T152 22008-22161 Sentence denotes The comparison circles for Student's t-tests appear to the right of the means diamonds to illustrate the significance of the differences among the means.
TextSentencer_T152 22008-22161 Sentence denotes The comparison circles for Student's t-tests appear to the right of the means diamonds to illustrate the significance of the differences among the means.
TextSentencer_T153 22162-22277 Sentence denotes By graphically showing the intersections, these circles allow visual inspection of the significance of differences.
TextSentencer_T153 22162-22277 Sentence denotes By graphically showing the intersections, these circles allow visual inspection of the significance of differences.
TextSentencer_T154 22278-22368 Sentence denotes The more the circles intersect, the less the significance of difference is and vice versa.
TextSentencer_T154 22278-22368 Sentence denotes The more the circles intersect, the less the significance of difference is and vice versa.