CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:0b8d789e2116efa9e813dd4763020174f3f26968 JSONTXT 8 Projects

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TextSentencer_T1 2-10 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T1 2-10 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 13-169 Sentence denotes Prasad also elaborated on an extension of the technique, whereby a magnetic core is encapsulated within a silica nanoparticle and targeted to tumour tissue.
TextSentencer_T2 13-169 Sentence denotes Prasad also elaborated on an extension of the technique, whereby a magnetic core is encapsulated within a silica nanoparticle and targeted to tumour tissue.
TextSentencer_T3 170-279 Sentence denotes The magnetically impregnated tumour cells could then be killed by exposing the tissue to a DC magnetic field.
TextSentencer_T3 170-279 Sentence denotes The magnetically impregnated tumour cells could then be killed by exposing the tissue to a DC magnetic field.
TextSentencer_T4 280-504 Sentence denotes This is a potentially complementary technique to PDT, as Prasad explained, 'If photodynamic drugs can be encapsulated within such nanoparticles, they can work as dual-killers, by the magnetic as well as photodynamic action.'
TextSentencer_T4 280-504 Sentence denotes This is a potentially complementary technique to PDT, as Prasad explained, 'If photodynamic drugs can be encapsulated within such nanoparticles, they can work as dual-killers, by the magnetic as well as photodynamic action.'
TextSentencer_T5 505-627 Sentence denotes So, will PDT finally be associated with words such as 'routine' and 'successful', rather than 'promising' and 'potential'?
TextSentencer_T5 505-627 Sentence denotes So, will PDT finally be associated with words such as 'routine' and 'successful', rather than 'promising' and 'potential'?
TextSentencer_T6 628-1151 Sentence denotes Stan Brown of the University of Leeds, UK (http://www.leeds.ac.uk/), a PDT expert not connected with the study, has mixed feelings. ' The two fundamental problems to be overcome in developing PDT are to achieve good selectivity and lack of generalized skin photosensitivity,' he said. 'If this approach can achieve either of these then that would represent significant progress.' However, he cautioned that without in vivo data, it is not quite clear whether the nanoparticle approach will do everything the authors expect.
TextSentencer_T6 628-1151 Sentence denotes Stan Brown of the University of Leeds, UK (http://www.leeds.ac.uk/), a PDT expert not connected with the study, has mixed feelings. ' The two fundamental problems to be overcome in developing PDT are to achieve good selectivity and lack of generalized skin photosensitivity,' he said. 'If this approach can achieve either of these then that would represent significant progress.' However, he cautioned that without in vivo data, it is not quite clear whether the nanoparticle approach will do everything the authors expect.
TextSentencer_T7 1153-1323 Sentence denotes Chronic hepatitis B virus affects ~300 million people worldwide [2, 3] and a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of viral-induced hepatocellular injury is required.
TextSentencer_T7 1153-1323 Sentence denotes Chronic hepatitis B virus affects ~300 million people worldwide [2, 3] and a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of viral-induced hepatocellular injury is required.
TextSentencer_T8 1324-1470 Sentence denotes The Fgl2/fibroleukin protein is also triggered by corona virus in mice, which suggests a possible link to the human corona virus that causes SARS.
TextSentencer_T8 1324-1470 Sentence denotes The Fgl2/fibroleukin protein is also triggered by corona virus in mice, which suggests a possible link to the human corona virus that causes SARS.
TextSentencer_T9 1471-1616 Sentence denotes Almost 80,000 people become infected with hepatitis B virus each year in the USA, despite the fact that it is a vaccine-preventable disease [4] .
TextSentencer_T9 1471-1616 Sentence denotes Almost 80,000 people become infected with hepatitis B virus each year in the USA, despite the fact that it is a vaccine-preventable disease [4] .
TextSentencer_T10 1617-1793 Sentence denotes There are >1 million chronically infected individuals within the USA and these patients are at risk of developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
TextSentencer_T10 1617-1793 Sentence denotes There are >1 million chronically infected individuals within the USA and these patients are at risk of developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
TextSentencer_T11 1794-1896 Sentence denotes Chronic hepatitis B virus can often lead to severe complications and death after decades of infection.
TextSentencer_T11 1794-1896 Sentence denotes Chronic hepatitis B virus can often lead to severe complications and death after decades of infection.
TextSentencer_T12 1897-2039 Sentence denotes Fgl2/fibroleukin is an immune coagulant, which can directly cleave prothrombin into thrombin and has the characteristics of a serine protease.
TextSentencer_T12 1897-2039 Sentence denotes Fgl2/fibroleukin is an immune coagulant, which can directly cleave prothrombin into thrombin and has the characteristics of a serine protease.
TextSentencer_T13 2040-2182 Sentence denotes Expression is markedly upregulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which is also important in viralinduced liver disease in humans and model systems.
TextSentencer_T13 2040-2182 Sentence denotes Expression is markedly upregulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which is also important in viralinduced liver disease in humans and model systems.
TextSentencer_T14 2183-2311 Sentence denotes It was initially cloned from CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and shares homology of its carboxyl terminus with fibrinogen β and γ chains.
TextSentencer_T14 2183-2311 Sentence denotes It was initially cloned from CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and shares homology of its carboxyl terminus with fibrinogen β and γ chains.
TextSentencer_T15 2312-2408 Sentence denotes The viral pathogens that cause liver disease are not all directly cytopathic for the hepatocyte.
TextSentencer_T15 2312-2408 Sentence denotes The viral pathogens that cause liver disease are not all directly cytopathic for the hepatocyte.
TextSentencer_T16 2409-2594 Sentence denotes For example, an immune response to the virus causes the hepatocellular injury that is associated with hepatitis B virus, rather than direct hepatocellular necrosis induced by the virus.
TextSentencer_T16 2409-2594 Sentence denotes For example, an immune response to the virus causes the hepatocellular injury that is associated with hepatitis B virus, rather than direct hepatocellular necrosis induced by the virus.
TextSentencer_T17 2595-2742 Sentence denotes Fibrin deposition and thrombosis within the microvasculature of the liver is also important in the immune response to viral infection of the liver.
TextSentencer_T17 2595-2742 Sentence denotes Fibrin deposition and thrombosis within the microvasculature of the liver is also important in the immune response to viral infection of the liver.
TextSentencer_T18 2743-2995 Sentence denotes Importantly, the pathways by which vascular thromboses and fibrin generation occurs in viral hepatitis might be mechanistically distinct from the classical pathways of coagulation, which are induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide or mechanical trauma.
TextSentencer_T18 2743-2995 Sentence denotes Importantly, the pathways by which vascular thromboses and fibrin generation occurs in viral hepatitis might be mechanistically distinct from the classical pathways of coagulation, which are induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide or mechanical trauma.
TextSentencer_T19 2996-3171 Sentence denotes The link between Fgl2/fibroleukin and liver disease was identified when a protein with unique clotting ability was isolated from the livers of mice infected with corona virus.
TextSentencer_T19 2996-3171 Sentence denotes The link between Fgl2/fibroleukin and liver disease was identified when a protein with unique clotting ability was isolated from the livers of mice infected with corona virus.
TextSentencer_T20 3172-3326 Sentence denotes That protein was Fgl2/fibroleukin, which, once produced, cleaves prothrombin to thrombin, resulting in a fibrin clot at the site of acute viral infection.
TextSentencer_T20 3172-3326 Sentence denotes That protein was Fgl2/fibroleukin, which, once produced, cleaves prothrombin to thrombin, resulting in a fibrin clot at the site of acute viral infection.
TextSentencer_T21 3327-3535 Sentence denotes Therefore, this new research has generated Fgl2/fibroleukin-deficient mice to further study and define the role of this protein in the initiation and localization of fibrin deposition in viral hepatitis [1] .
TextSentencer_T21 3327-3535 Sentence denotes Therefore, this new research has generated Fgl2/fibroleukin-deficient mice to further study and define the role of this protein in the initiation and localization of fibrin deposition in viral hepatitis [1] .
TextSentencer_T22 3536-3723 Sentence denotes The effect of Fgl2/fibroleukin genotype on in vitro and in vivo responses to murine hepatitis virus type-3 (MHV3) was then assessed, together with Fgl2/fibroleukin expression in patients.
TextSentencer_T22 3536-3723 Sentence denotes The effect of Fgl2/fibroleukin genotype on in vitro and in vivo responses to murine hepatitis virus type-3 (MHV3) was then assessed, together with Fgl2/fibroleukin expression in patients.
TextSentencer_T23 3724-3924 Sentence denotes A model of MHV3 -a member of the Coronaviridae group of positive-stranded enveloped RNA viruses -was employed and infected mice developed markedly reduced liver necrosis and showed increased survival.
TextSentencer_T23 3724-3924 Sentence denotes A model of MHV3 -a member of the Coronaviridae group of positive-stranded enveloped RNA viruses -was employed and infected mice developed markedly reduced liver necrosis and showed increased survival.
TextSentencer_T24 3925-3973 Sentence denotes Fibrin deposition was also reduced ( Figure 1 ).
TextSentencer_T24 3925-3973 Sentence denotes Fibrin deposition was also reduced ( Figure 1 ).
TextSentencer_T25 3974-4070 Sentence denotes Thus, hepatocellular injury induced by MHV3 is dependent on the Fgl2/fibroleukin prothrombinase.
TextSentencer_T25 3974-4070 Sentence denotes Thus, hepatocellular injury induced by MHV3 is dependent on the Fgl2/fibroleukin prothrombinase.
TextSentencer_T26 4071-4312 Sentence denotes The study also shows that Fgl2/fibroleukin mRNA expression and protein production varies markedly in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B versus those with minimal chronic viral hepatitis B, being highly correlated with fibrin expression.
TextSentencer_T26 4071-4312 Sentence denotes The study also shows that Fgl2/fibroleukin mRNA expression and protein production varies markedly in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B versus those with minimal chronic viral hepatitis B, being highly correlated with fibrin expression.
TextSentencer_T27 4313-4544 Sentence denotes Philip Marsden, lead author of the study and Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto, says, 'Fibrin deposition in tissue is very important and Fgl2/fibroleukin is only now recognised as being important in liver disease'.
TextSentencer_T27 4313-4544 Sentence denotes Philip Marsden, lead author of the study and Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto, says, 'Fibrin deposition in tissue is very important and Fgl2/fibroleukin is only now recognised as being important in liver disease'.
TextSentencer_T28 4545-4770 Sentence denotes Marsden believes this work paves the way for future therapies and provides a new approach to combating viral disease. 'I am excited by this work and believe it will make a real difference to hepatitis patients', says Marsden.
TextSentencer_T28 4545-4770 Sentence denotes Marsden believes this work paves the way for future therapies and provides a new approach to combating viral disease. 'I am excited by this work and believe it will make a real difference to hepatitis patients', says Marsden.
TextSentencer_T29 4771-4905 Sentence denotes The pharmacological blockade of Fgl2/fibroleukin could offer an important new treatment approach in hepatitis B virus-induced disease.
TextSentencer_T29 4771-4905 Sentence denotes The pharmacological blockade of Fgl2/fibroleukin could offer an important new treatment approach in hepatitis B virus-induced disease.
TextSentencer_T30 4906-5061 Sentence denotes Marsden comments, 'Antibodies are now being generated to neutralize Fgl2 activity, which we hope will be useful in treating patients with viral hepatitis'.
TextSentencer_T30 4906-5061 Sentence denotes Marsden comments, 'Antibodies are now being generated to neutralize Fgl2 activity, which we hope will be useful in treating patients with viral hepatitis'.
TextSentencer_T31 5062-5412 Sentence denotes Thomas Lane, Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California (http://www.ucla.edu/), commented: 'These results are novel and exciting in that they use a genetic approach to clearly show that Fgl2/fibroleukin expression is important in contributing to the pathology of experimental viralinduced hepatitis.
TextSentencer_T31 5062-5412 Sentence denotes Thomas Lane, Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California (http://www.ucla.edu/), commented: 'These results are novel and exciting in that they use a genetic approach to clearly show that Fgl2/fibroleukin expression is important in contributing to the pathology of experimental viralinduced hepatitis.
TextSentencer_T32 5413-5528 Sentence denotes While the evidence is compelling, additional work is necessary to determine if this is a safe and effective target.
TextSentencer_T32 5413-5528 Sentence denotes While the evidence is compelling, additional work is necessary to determine if this is a safe and effective target.
TextSentencer_T33 5529-5715 Sentence denotes However, these observations lend significant support to arguments that targeting Fgl2/fibroleukin offers a novel method for intervention and treatment for patients with viral hepatitis.'
TextSentencer_T33 5529-5715 Sentence denotes However, these observations lend significant support to arguments that targeting Fgl2/fibroleukin offers a novel method for intervention and treatment for patients with viral hepatitis.'
TextSentencer_T34 5716-5836 Sentence denotes With the recent worldwide outbreak of SARS, the relevance of this work in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is timely.
TextSentencer_T34 5716-5836 Sentence denotes With the recent worldwide outbreak of SARS, the relevance of this work in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is timely.
TextSentencer_T35 5837-6084 Sentence denotes However, as Marsden is keen to stress, there is as yet no direct evidence to link Fgl2/fibroleukin and SARS. ' We are now examining patients with SARS for Fgl2 activity and the possible use of neutralizing antibodies for their treatment,' he says.
TextSentencer_T35 5837-6084 Sentence denotes However, as Marsden is keen to stress, there is as yet no direct evidence to link Fgl2/fibroleukin and SARS. ' We are now examining patients with SARS for Fgl2 activity and the possible use of neutralizing antibodies for their treatment,' he says.
TextSentencer_T36 6085-6238 Sentence denotes As a logical target for molecular manipulation, the clotting protein offers hope for the development of newer treatment protocols for hepatitis patients.
TextSentencer_T36 6085-6238 Sentence denotes As a logical target for molecular manipulation, the clotting protein offers hope for the development of newer treatment protocols for hepatitis patients.
TextSentencer_T37 6239-6498 Sentence denotes This research opens the way for initial thoughts of a hepatitis treatment by blocking a clotting protein and, if such inhibitors are generated that work in hepatitis patients, perhaps the same inhibitors have the potential to be used in the treatment of SARS.
TextSentencer_T37 6239-6498 Sentence denotes This research opens the way for initial thoughts of a hepatitis treatment by blocking a clotting protein and, if such inhibitors are generated that work in hepatitis patients, perhaps the same inhibitors have the potential to be used in the treatment of SARS.
TextSentencer_T38 6499-6639 Sentence denotes ' Marine cyanobacteria are unusual in that they generate molecules in which sub-units of fatty acids are structurally linked to amino acids.
TextSentencer_T38 6499-6639 Sentence denotes ' Marine cyanobacteria are unusual in that they generate molecules in which sub-units of fatty acids are structurally linked to amino acids.
TextSentencer_T39 6640-6853 Sentence denotes This polyketide-peptide backbone generates enormous chemical diversity, which researchers at Oregon State University in Corvallis (OSU; http://oreganstate.edu) are now beginning to mine for novel drug action [1] .
TextSentencer_T39 6640-6853 Sentence denotes This polyketide-peptide backbone generates enormous chemical diversity, which researchers at Oregon State University in Corvallis (OSU; http://oreganstate.edu) are now beginning to mine for novel drug action [1] .
TextSentencer_T40 6854-7218 Sentence denotes 'There are just two microbial groups that really integrate those two types of pathways with the abundance and frequency that we see in cyanobacteria: the cyanobacteria and the myxobacteria,' said Bill Gerwick, whose group at the College of Pharmacy at OSU, is now screening the products of cyanobacterial secondary metabolism for anti-cancer effects, among others.
TextSentencer_T40 6854-7218 Sentence denotes 'There are just two microbial groups that really integrate those two types of pathways with the abundance and frequency that we see in cyanobacteria: the cyanobacteria and the myxobacteria,' said Bill Gerwick, whose group at the College of Pharmacy at OSU, is now screening the products of cyanobacterial secondary metabolism for anti-cancer effects, among others.
TextSentencer_T41 7219-7511 Sentence denotes The team is also exploring novel 'tailoring' functions by which the cyanobacteria appear to modify the basic polyketide-peptide backbone of these metabolites. 'After the backbone is made, these [tailoring functions] come in and create unusual little functional groups along it,' said Gerwick.
TextSentencer_T41 7219-7511 Sentence denotes The team is also exploring novel 'tailoring' functions by which the cyanobacteria appear to modify the basic polyketide-peptide backbone of these metabolites. 'After the backbone is made, these [tailoring functions] come in and create unusual little functional groups along it,' said Gerwick.
TextSentencer_T42 7512-7583 Sentence denotes 'In particular, we find abundant use of halogen atoms in cyanobacteria.
TextSentencer_T42 7512-7583 Sentence denotes 'In particular, we find abundant use of halogen atoms in cyanobacteria.
TextSentencer_T43 7584-7781 Sentence denotes So they incorporate chlorine, bromine and even iodine into some of these molecular structures, and they do so creating chemical functional groups that have really never been seen before in nature.'
TextSentencer_T43 7584-7781 Sentence denotes So they incorporate chlorine, bromine and even iodine into some of these molecular structures, and they do so creating chemical functional groups that have really never been seen before in nature.'
TextSentencer_T44 7782-7879 Sentence denotes Not surprisingly, it turns out that those novel functional groups have novel therapeutic actions.
TextSentencer_T44 7782-7879 Sentence denotes Not surprisingly, it turns out that those novel functional groups have novel therapeutic actions.
TextSentencer_T45 7880-8157 Sentence denotes Having fractionated a crude organic extract from one Puerto Rican collection of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, for instance, Gerwick's group succeeded in isolating three new secondary metabolites, including a tryptophan derivative, as well as several potent neurotoxins.
TextSentencer_T45 7880-8157 Sentence denotes Having fractionated a crude organic extract from one Puerto Rican collection of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, for instance, Gerwick's group succeeded in isolating three new secondary metabolites, including a tryptophan derivative, as well as several potent neurotoxins.
TextSentencer_T46 8158-8258 Sentence denotes Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is used in the treatment of migraine, among other things.
TextSentencer_T46 8158-8258 Sentence denotes Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is used in the treatment of migraine, among other things.
TextSentencer_T47 8259-8414 Sentence denotes The neurotoxins could turn out to be useful as tool compounds, says Gerwick, because they could act as biochemical inhibitors in the study of cell biology.
TextSentencer_T47 8259-8414 Sentence denotes The neurotoxins could turn out to be useful as tool compounds, says Gerwick, because they could act as biochemical inhibitors in the study of cell biology.
TextSentencer_T48 8415-8599 Sentence denotes Using MS and NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the structures of the three metabolites, Gerwick's team found that they all showed evidence of this convergent fatty acid-amino acid pathway.
TextSentencer_T48 8415-8599 Sentence denotes Using MS and NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the structures of the three metabolites, Gerwick's team found that they all showed evidence of this convergent fatty acid-amino acid pathway.
TextSentencer_T49 8600-8845 Sentence denotes Gerwick's lab is currently involved in a large anti-cancer drug-screening program in collaboration with Novartis (http://www.novartis.com) and the National Cancer Institute (http://www. nci.nih.gov), part of the US National Institutes of Health.
TextSentencer_T49 8600-8845 Sentence denotes Gerwick's lab is currently involved in a large anti-cancer drug-screening program in collaboration with Novartis (http://www.novartis.com) and the National Cancer Institute (http://www. nci.nih.gov), part of the US National Institutes of Health.
TextSentencer_T50 8846-8935 Sentence denotes Three of their compounds have already progressed through this program to clinical trials.
TextSentencer_T50 8846-8935 Sentence denotes Three of their compounds have already progressed through this program to clinical trials.
TextSentencer_T51 8936-9163 Sentence denotes Although their best success to date has been with compounds isolated from sponges, says Gerwick, new research suggests that some of these might actually have been produced by cyanobacteria living symbiotically with the sponges.
TextSentencer_T51 8936-9163 Sentence denotes Although their best success to date has been with compounds isolated from sponges, says Gerwick, new research suggests that some of these might actually have been produced by cyanobacteria living symbiotically with the sponges.
TextSentencer_T52 9164-9311 Sentence denotes His team is also following up cyanobacterial candidates for neuroprotective compounds, as well as insecticides, antibiotics and antiinflammatories.
TextSentencer_T52 9164-9311 Sentence denotes His team is also following up cyanobacterial candidates for neuroprotective compounds, as well as insecticides, antibiotics and antiinflammatories.
TextSentencer_T53 9312-9423 Sentence denotes Burkhard Haefner [2] of the Department of Inflammatory Disease at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and
TextSentencer_T53 9312-9423 Sentence denotes Burkhard Haefner [2] of the Department of Inflammatory Disease at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and