CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:065b4479aa47cf07a1955ffd52ec2985a2a16a02 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-107 Sentence denotes Presence and molecular characterisation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Peru
TextSentencer_T1 0-107 Sentence denotes Presence and molecular characterisation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Peru
TextSentencer_T2 109-117 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 109-117 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 118-444 Sentence denotes The presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated in 274 faecal samples of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 12 herds from Peru by immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes from Giardia spp., as well as the ssu-rRNA gene from Cryptosporidium spp.
TextSentencer_T3 118-444 Sentence denotes The presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated in 274 faecal samples of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 12 herds from Peru by immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes from Giardia spp., as well as the ssu-rRNA gene from Cryptosporidium spp.
TextSentencer_T4 445-554 Sentence denotes A total of 137 samples (50.0%) were positive for Giardia spp., and 12 samples (4.4%) for Cryptosporidium spp.
TextSentencer_T4 445-554 Sentence denotes A total of 137 samples (50.0%) were positive for Giardia spp., and 12 samples (4.4%) for Cryptosporidium spp.
TextSentencer_T5 555-619 Sentence denotes In ten samples (3.6%), co-infection by both pathogens was found.
TextSentencer_T5 555-619 Sentence denotes In ten samples (3.6%), co-infection by both pathogens was found.
TextSentencer_T6 620-727 Sentence denotes Herd prevalence was found to be 91.7% (11/12 herds) for Giardia and 58.3% (7/12 herds) for Cryptosporidium.
TextSentencer_T6 620-727 Sentence denotes Herd prevalence was found to be 91.7% (11/12 herds) for Giardia and 58.3% (7/12 herds) for Cryptosporidium.
TextSentencer_T7 728-882 Sentence denotes Regarding the age of the animals, although Giardia was detected in animals as young as 1 week, the prevalence increased with age, reaching 80% by 8 weeks.
TextSentencer_T7 728-882 Sentence denotes Regarding the age of the animals, although Giardia was detected in animals as young as 1 week, the prevalence increased with age, reaching 80% by 8 weeks.
TextSentencer_T8 883-991 Sentence denotes Similarly, the highest percentage of Cryptosporidium detection (20%) was also found in the 8 week-old group.
TextSentencer_T8 883-991 Sentence denotes Similarly, the highest percentage of Cryptosporidium detection (20%) was also found in the 8 week-old group.
TextSentencer_T9 992-1057 Sentence denotes By PCR, 92 of the 274 analysed samples were positive for Giardia.
TextSentencer_T9 992-1057 Sentence denotes By PCR, 92 of the 274 analysed samples were positive for Giardia.
TextSentencer_T10 1058-1283 Sentence denotes Sequencing of the amplicons showed the existence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in 67 samples; G. duodenalis assemblage E in 24 samples; and inconsistent results between the two molecular markers used in a further sample.
TextSentencer_T10 1058-1283 Sentence denotes Sequencing of the amplicons showed the existence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in 67 samples; G. duodenalis assemblage E in 24 samples; and inconsistent results between the two molecular markers used in a further sample.
TextSentencer_T11 1284-1447 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium was only detected by PCR in 3 of the 274 samples; Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in two samples and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in one sample.
TextSentencer_T11 1284-1447 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium was only detected by PCR in 3 of the 274 samples; Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in two samples and Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in one sample.
TextSentencer_T12 1448-1599 Sentence denotes This study is the first performing molecular characterisation of both parasites in Peruvian alpacas, and the first report of C. ubiquitum in this host.
TextSentencer_T12 1448-1599 Sentence denotes This study is the first performing molecular characterisation of both parasites in Peruvian alpacas, and the first report of C. ubiquitum in this host.
TextSentencer_T13 1600-1778 Sentence denotes The identification of G. duodenalis assemblage A, C. parvum and C. ubiquitum, suggests that zoonotic transmission of these enteropathogens between alpacas and humans is possible.
TextSentencer_T13 1600-1778 Sentence denotes The identification of G. duodenalis assemblage A, C. parvum and C. ubiquitum, suggests that zoonotic transmission of these enteropathogens between alpacas and humans is possible.
TextSentencer_T14 1780-2097 Sentence denotes The South American camelids (SACs) are a group of artiodactyl mammals of the family Camelidae which most other ruminant species, they are at increased risk of acquiring infections of diverse aetiology during the first months of life, and diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal animals.
TextSentencer_T14 1780-2097 Sentence denotes The South American camelids (SACs) are a group of artiodactyl mammals of the family Camelidae which most other ruminant species, they are at increased risk of acquiring infections of diverse aetiology during the first months of life, and diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal animals.
TextSentencer_T15 2098-2300 Sentence denotes The most common pathogens causing diarrhoea in neonatal SACs are coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and coccidia (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T15 2098-2300 Sentence denotes The most common pathogens causing diarrhoea in neonatal SACs are coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and coccidia (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T16 2301-2476 Sentence denotes Giardia and Cryptosporidium are two genera of protozoan parasites that infect humans, domesticated livestock, companion animals and wildlife worldwide (Xiao and Fayer, 2008) .
TextSentencer_T16 2301-2476 Sentence denotes Giardia and Cryptosporidium are two genera of protozoan parasites that infect humans, domesticated livestock, companion animals and wildlife worldwide (Xiao and Fayer, 2008) .
TextSentencer_T17 2477-2579 Sentence denotes G. duodenalis is considered a multispecies complex infecting humans and many other species of mammals.
TextSentencer_T17 2477-2579 Sentence denotes G. duodenalis is considered a multispecies complex infecting humans and many other species of mammals.
TextSentencer_T18 2580-2917 Sentence denotes Using a variety of genetic loci, eight genetic groups or assemblages (A → H) of G. duodenalis have been recognised: assemblages A and B from humans and many other mammals; assemblages C and D from dogs; assemblage E from artiodactyls; assemblage F from cats; assemblage G from rodents; and assemblage H from seals (Feng and Xiao, 2011) .
TextSentencer_T18 2580-2917 Sentence denotes Using a variety of genetic loci, eight genetic groups or assemblages (A → H) of G. duodenalis have been recognised: assemblages A and B from humans and many other mammals; assemblages C and D from dogs; assemblage E from artiodactyls; assemblage F from cats; assemblage G from rodents; and assemblage H from seals (Feng and Xiao, 2011) .
TextSentencer_T19 2918-3018 Sentence denotes The genus Cryptosporidium currently comprises 19 valid species and over 40 genotypes (Fayer, 2010) .
TextSentencer_T19 2918-3018 Sentence denotes The genus Cryptosporidium currently comprises 19 valid species and over 40 genotypes (Fayer, 2010) .
TextSentencer_T20 3019-3134 Sentence denotes Ruminants can be infected by several Cryptosporidium species, being Cryptosporidium parvum the most commonly found.
TextSentencer_T20 3019-3134 Sentence denotes Ruminants can be infected by several Cryptosporidium species, being Cryptosporidium parvum the most commonly found.
TextSentencer_T21 3135-3239 Sentence denotes Together with Cryptosporidium hominis, this species is responsible for the majority of human infections.
TextSentencer_T21 3135-3239 Sentence denotes Together with Cryptosporidium hominis, this species is responsible for the majority of human infections.
TextSentencer_T22 3240-3389 Sentence denotes However, in some areas, such as Peru, Cryptosporidium meleagridis infection rates are as high as those of C. parvum (Cama et al., 2008; Xiao, 2010) .
TextSentencer_T22 3240-3389 Sentence denotes However, in some areas, such as Peru, Cryptosporidium meleagridis infection rates are as high as those of C. parvum (Cama et al., 2008; Xiao, 2010) .
TextSentencer_T23 3390-3505 Sentence denotes These parasites have been previously reported in SAC, including alpacas (Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T23 3390-3505 Sentence denotes These parasites have been previously reported in SAC, including alpacas (Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T24 3506-3702 Sentence denotes However, despite their economic importance, little information is available, and few studies have used molecular methods to characterise the Giardia and Cryptosporidium involved in the infections.
TextSentencer_T24 3506-3702 Sentence denotes However, despite their economic importance, little information is available, and few studies have used molecular methods to characterise the Giardia and Cryptosporidium involved in the infections.
TextSentencer_T25 3703-3889 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in alpacas from the Peruvian altiplano, applying molecular tests to characterise the isolates.
TextSentencer_T25 3703-3889 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in alpacas from the Peruvian altiplano, applying molecular tests to characterise the isolates.
TextSentencer_T26 3890-4180 Sentence denotes Between the years 2009 and 2010, a total of 274 faecal samples were collected directly from the rectums of suri (silky-haired) and huacaya (crimped-haired) breed alpacas (V. pacos), selected at random from 12 herds located in the Puno and Cusco regions of the Peruvian altiplano (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T26 3890-4180 Sentence denotes Between the years 2009 and 2010, a total of 274 faecal samples were collected directly from the rectums of suri (silky-haired) and huacaya (crimped-haired) breed alpacas (V. pacos), selected at random from 12 herds located in the Puno and Cusco regions of the Peruvian altiplano (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T27 4181-4439 Sentence denotes After collection, aliquots of the faecal samples were resuspended in distilled water, put into screw top specimen cups, labelled with the animal identification and sent to the laboratory of Animal Health and Zoonoses (SALUVET) research group (Madrid, Spain).
TextSentencer_T27 4181-4439 Sentence denotes After collection, aliquots of the faecal samples were resuspended in distilled water, put into screw top specimen cups, labelled with the animal identification and sent to the laboratory of Animal Health and Zoonoses (SALUVET) research group (Madrid, Spain).
TextSentencer_T28 4440-4571 Sentence denotes Data regarding sampling location, age, breed, sex and presence or absence of diarrhoeic processes were also recorded when possible.
TextSentencer_T28 4440-4571 Sentence denotes Data regarding sampling location, age, breed, sex and presence or absence of diarrhoeic processes were also recorded when possible.
TextSentencer_T29 4572-4737 Sentence denotes Immunofluorescence staining was performed using the Crypto/Giardia Cel IF Test (Cellabs Pty Ltd., Brookvale, Australia) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
TextSentencer_T29 4572-4737 Sentence denotes Immunofluorescence staining was performed using the Crypto/Giardia Cel IF Test (Cellabs Pty Ltd., Brookvale, Australia) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
TextSentencer_T30 4738-4919 Sentence denotes The cysts/oocysts were identified by epifluorescence microscopy at 400× magnification on the basis of their size, shape and the pattern and intensity of immunofluorescence staining.
TextSentencer_T30 4738-4919 Sentence denotes The cysts/oocysts were identified by epifluorescence microscopy at 400× magnification on the basis of their size, shape and the pattern and intensity of immunofluorescence staining.
TextSentencer_T31 4920-5146 Sentence denotes For detection, the whole slide was examined and the intensity of infection was determined semi-quantitatively according to the average number of parasitic forms in 10 randomly selected microscopic fields at 400× magnification:
TextSentencer_T31 4920-5146 Sentence denotes For detection, the whole slide was examined and the intensity of infection was determined semi-quantitatively according to the average number of parasitic forms in 10 randomly selected microscopic fields at 400× magnification:
TextSentencer_T32 5147-5260 Sentence denotes 0 (no cysts/oocysts), 1 (1 cyst/oocyst), 2 (2-5 cysts/oocysts), 3 (6-10 cysts/oocysts) and 4 (≥10 cysts/oocysts).
TextSentencer_T32 5147-5260 Sentence denotes 0 (no cysts/oocysts), 1 (1 cyst/oocyst), 2 (2-5 cysts/oocysts), 3 (6-10 cysts/oocysts) and 4 (≥10 cysts/oocysts).
TextSentencer_T33 5261-5356 Sentence denotes Nucleic acids were extracted from the faecal samples as described by McLauchlin et al. (1999) .
TextSentencer_T33 5261-5356 Sentence denotes Nucleic acids were extracted from the faecal samples as described by McLauchlin et al. (1999) .
TextSentencer_T34 5357-5673 Sentence denotes Briefly, 200 l of the sample was mechanically disrupted in the presence of guanidinium thiocyanate with zirconia beads using a Bead-Beater-8 TM (BioSpec Products, Inc., Batlesville, OK, USA) and the DNA released from disrupted cysts/oocysts was purified using coarse activated silica and stored at −20 • C until use.
TextSentencer_T34 5357-5673 Sentence denotes Briefly, 200 l of the sample was mechanically disrupted in the presence of guanidinium thiocyanate with zirconia beads using a Bead-Beater-8 TM (BioSpec Products, Inc., Batlesville, OK, USA) and the DNA released from disrupted cysts/oocysts was purified using coarse activated silica and stored at −20 • C until use.
TextSentencer_T35 5674-5902 Sentence denotes For the molecular characterisation of Giardia isolates, two nested PCR protocols were used to amplify fragments of 292 bp and 510 bp of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes, respectively (Appelbee et al., 2003; Lalle et al., 2005) .
TextSentencer_T35 5674-5902 Sentence denotes For the molecular characterisation of Giardia isolates, two nested PCR protocols were used to amplify fragments of 292 bp and 510 bp of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes, respectively (Appelbee et al., 2003; Lalle et al., 2005) .
TextSentencer_T36 5903-6041 Sentence denotes For Cryptosporidium, a two-step nested PCR protocol amplifying a fragment of 819-825 bp of the ssu-rRNA was employed (Xiao et al., 2000) .
TextSentencer_T36 5903-6041 Sentence denotes For Cryptosporidium, a two-step nested PCR protocol amplifying a fragment of 819-825 bp of the ssu-rRNA was employed (Xiao et al., 2000) .
TextSentencer_T37 6042-6104 Sentence denotes Negative and positive controls were included for all PCR runs.
TextSentencer_T37 6042-6104 Sentence denotes Negative and positive controls were included for all PCR runs.
TextSentencer_T38 6105-6192 Sentence denotes The PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on 1% agarose/ethidium bromide gels.
TextSentencer_T38 6105-6192 Sentence denotes The PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on 1% agarose/ethidium bromide gels.
TextSentencer_T39 6193-6536 Sentence denotes PCR products were purified using GeneClean ® Turbo Kit (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) and sequenced in both directions using the forward and reverse inner primers with the Big Dye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems) and a 3730 DNA analyser (Applied Biosystems) at the Unidad Genómica del Parque Científico de Madrid.
TextSentencer_T39 6193-6536 Sentence denotes PCR products were purified using GeneClean ® Turbo Kit (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) and sequenced in both directions using the forward and reverse inner primers with the Big Dye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems) and a 3730 DNA analyser (Applied Biosystems) at the Unidad Genómica del Parque Científico de Madrid.
TextSentencer_T40 6537-6696 Sentence denotes Sequence data was examined using SeqMan ® 7.0 (DNASTAR ® , Madison, WI, USA) and BioEdit 7.0.5.3 ( ® 1997-2005 Tom Hall, Ibis Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
TextSentencer_T40 6537-6696 Sentence denotes Sequence data was examined using SeqMan ® 7.0 (DNASTAR ® , Madison, WI, USA) and BioEdit 7.0.5.3 ( ® 1997-2005 Tom Hall, Ibis Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
TextSentencer_T41 6697-6995 Sentence denotes The resulting sequences were compared with those of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. deposited in GenBank (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) using the program BLAST v.2.2.12 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD, USA).
TextSentencer_T41 6697-6995 Sentence denotes The resulting sequences were compared with those of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. deposited in GenBank (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) using the program BLAST v.2.2.12 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD, USA).
TextSentencer_T42 6996-7185 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were made using MEGA 5 (Tamura et al., 2011) on the basis of genetic distances calculated by the Kimura two-parameter model (Kimura, 1980) .
TextSentencer_T42 6996-7185 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were made using MEGA 5 (Tamura et al., 2011) on the basis of genetic distances calculated by the Kimura two-parameter model (Kimura, 1980) .
TextSentencer_T43 7186-7340 Sentence denotes Prevalence data with respect to breed, age, sex and presence or absence of diarrhoeic processes were analysed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.
TextSentencer_T43 7186-7340 Sentence denotes Prevalence data with respect to breed, age, sex and presence or absence of diarrhoeic processes were analysed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.
TextSentencer_T44 7341-7456 Sentence denotes Intensity of infection was analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric anova) using the GraphPad Instat ® ,
TextSentencer_T44 7341-7456 Sentence denotes Intensity of infection was analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric anova) using the GraphPad Instat ® ,
TextSentencer_T45 7458-7726 Sentence denotes 22 15 (68.2) 1.6 12/0 (100) 3 (13.6) 1 C. parvum 11 35 24 (68.6) 2.7 16/2 (88.9) 1 (2.9) 1 -12 8 6 (75.0) 2.5 2/0 (100) a Determined semiquantitatively according to the average number of parasitic forms in 10 randomly selected microscopic fields at 400× magnification:
TextSentencer_T45 7458-7726 Sentence denotes 22 15 (68.2) 1.6 12/0 (100) 3 (13.6) 1 C. parvum 11 35 24 (68.6) 2.7 16/2 (88.9) 1 (2.9) 1 -12 8 6 (75.0) 2.5 2/0 (100) a Determined semiquantitatively according to the average number of parasitic forms in 10 randomly selected microscopic fields at 400× magnification:
TextSentencer_T46 7727-8084 Sentence denotes 0 (no cysts/oocysts), 1 (≤1 cyst/oocyst), 2 (2-5 cysts/oocysts), 3 (6-10 cysts/oocysts) and 4 (≥10 cysts/oocysts). b G. duodenalis assemblage A or E. c Percentage of samples in which the assemblage A of G. duodenalis was identified respect to the number of amplified samples. d There was an incongruence between the two molecular markers used in one sample.
TextSentencer_T46 7727-8084 Sentence denotes 0 (no cysts/oocysts), 1 (≤1 cyst/oocyst), 2 (2-5 cysts/oocysts), 3 (6-10 cysts/oocysts) and 4 (≥10 cysts/oocysts). b G. duodenalis assemblage A or E. c Percentage of samples in which the assemblage A of G. duodenalis was identified respect to the number of amplified samples. d There was an incongruence between the two molecular markers used in one sample.
TextSentencer_T47 8085-8170 Sentence denotes version 3.05, statistical software (©1992-2000 GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).
TextSentencer_T47 8085-8170 Sentence denotes version 3.05, statistical software (©1992-2000 GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA).
TextSentencer_T48 8171-8246 Sentence denotes Differences were considered significant at a probability level of P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T48 8171-8246 Sentence denotes Differences were considered significant at a probability level of P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T49 8247-8397 Sentence denotes The nucleotide sequences of the isolates analysed in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers JN812214-JN812336.
TextSentencer_T49 8247-8397 Sentence denotes The nucleotide sequences of the isolates analysed in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers JN812214-JN812336.
TextSentencer_T50 8398-8615 Sentence denotes The application of immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR techniques on 274 alpaca faecal samples showed that 137 animals (50.0%) were infected by Giardia spp. and 12 animals by Cryptosporidium spp. (4.4%) ( Table 1 ).
TextSentencer_T50 8398-8615 Sentence denotes The application of immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR techniques on 274 alpaca faecal samples showed that 137 animals (50.0%) were infected by Giardia spp. and 12 animals by Cryptosporidium spp. (4.4%) ( Table 1 ).
TextSentencer_T51 8616-8688 Sentence denotes In 10 of these samples (3.6%), co-infection by both pathogens was found.
TextSentencer_T51 8616-8688 Sentence denotes In 10 of these samples (3.6%), co-infection by both pathogens was found.
TextSentencer_T52 8689-8796 Sentence denotes Giardia was detected in 11/12 herds examined (91.7%), with intra-herd prevalence ranging from 18.2% to 75%.
TextSentencer_T52 8689-8796 Sentence denotes Giardia was detected in 11/12 herds examined (91.7%), with intra-herd prevalence ranging from 18.2% to 75%.
TextSentencer_T53 8797-8851 Sentence denotes The intensity of infection varied between 1.0 and 2.7.
TextSentencer_T53 8797-8851 Sentence denotes The intensity of infection varied between 1.0 and 2.7.
TextSentencer_T54 8852-9025 Sentence denotes Although Giardia was detected in animals as young as 1 week, the prevalence and the intensity of infection increased with age reaching 80% and 2.8, respectively, at 8 weeks.
TextSentencer_T54 8852-9025 Sentence denotes Although Giardia was detected in animals as young as 1 week, the prevalence and the intensity of infection increased with age reaching 80% and 2.8, respectively, at 8 weeks.
TextSentencer_T55 9026-9177 Sentence denotes Prevalence values of 50% and 20% were observed in animals 10 weeks and older than 10 weeks of age, respectively, but at lower intensities of infection.
TextSentencer_T55 9026-9177 Sentence denotes Prevalence values of 50% and 20% were observed in animals 10 weeks and older than 10 weeks of age, respectively, but at lower intensities of infection.
TextSentencer_T56 9178-9340 Sentence denotes No statistically significant differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were observed in relation to breed, sex, or the existence of diarrhoeic process.
TextSentencer_T56 9178-9340 Sentence denotes No statistically significant differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were observed in relation to breed, sex, or the existence of diarrhoeic process.
TextSentencer_T57 9341-9477 Sentence denotes By PCR amplification of fragments of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes, 92 of the 274 analysed samples (33.6%) were positive for Giardia.
TextSentencer_T57 9341-9477 Sentence denotes By PCR amplification of fragments of the ssu-rRNA and ␤-giardin genes, 92 of the 274 analysed samples (33.6%) were positive for Giardia.
TextSentencer_T58 9478-9694 Sentence denotes Sequencing of amplicons showed the existence of G. duodenalis assemblage A in 67 samples; G. duodenalis assemblage E in 24 samples; and in one sample there was an inconsistency between the two molecular markers used.
TextSentencer_T58 9478-9694 Sentence denotes Sequencing of amplicons showed the existence of G. duodenalis assemblage A in 67 samples; G. duodenalis assemblage E in 24 samples; and in one sample there was an inconsistency between the two molecular markers used.
TextSentencer_T59 9695-9930 Sentence denotes For the amplified fragment of the ssu-rRNA gene, 6 sequences were observed, two matched others deposited in GenBank and 4 were new sequences (one close to G. duodenalis assemblage A and 3 close to G. duodenalis assemblage E) (Fig. 1) .
TextSentencer_T59 9695-9930 Sentence denotes For the amplified fragment of the ssu-rRNA gene, 6 sequences were observed, two matched others deposited in GenBank and 4 were new sequences (one close to G. duodenalis assemblage A and 3 close to G. duodenalis assemblage E) (Fig. 1) .
TextSentencer_T60 9931-10094 Sentence denotes For the amplified fragment of the ␤-giardin gene, 3 sequences were observed, one corresponding to G. duodenalis assemblage A and two to G. duodenalis assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T60 9931-10094 Sentence denotes For the amplified fragment of the ␤-giardin gene, 3 sequences were observed, one corresponding to G. duodenalis assemblage A and two to G. duodenalis assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T61 10095-10190 Sentence denotes All sequences showed several SNPs with respect to the sequences deposited in GenBank (Fig. 2) .
TextSentencer_T61 10095-10190 Sentence denotes All sequences showed several SNPs with respect to the sequences deposited in GenBank (Fig. 2) .
TextSentencer_T62 10191-10361 Sentence denotes Faecal samples containing both G. duodenalis assemblages A and E were detected in 5 herds, whereas 5 herds contained only assemblage A and one herd had only assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T62 10191-10361 Sentence denotes Faecal samples containing both G. duodenalis assemblages A and E were detected in 5 herds, whereas 5 herds contained only assemblage A and one herd had only assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T63 10362-10455 Sentence denotes Overall, G. duodenalis assemblage A was identified in a higher percentage of samples (73.6%).
TextSentencer_T63 10362-10455 Sentence denotes Overall, G. duodenalis assemblage A was identified in a higher percentage of samples (73.6%).
TextSentencer_T64 10456-10563 Sentence denotes No significant differences were observed in relation to breed, sex or the presence of diarrhoeic processes.
TextSentencer_T64 10456-10563 Sentence denotes No significant differences were observed in relation to breed, sex or the presence of diarrhoeic processes.
TextSentencer_T65 10564-10736 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy in 12 faecal samples (4.4%) from animals aged ≥5 weeks belonging to 7 herds (58.3%) ( Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T65 10564-10736 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy in 12 faecal samples (4.4%) from animals aged ≥5 weeks belonging to 7 herds (58.3%) ( Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T66 10737-10852 Sentence denotes Intra-herd prevalence ranged from 2.9% to 13.6%, and the intensity of infection was very low (<1 oocyst per field).
TextSentencer_T66 10737-10852 Sentence denotes Intra-herd prevalence ranged from 2.9% to 13.6%, and the intensity of infection was very low (<1 oocyst per field).
TextSentencer_T67 10853-10982 Sentence denotes By amplification of a fragment of the ssu-rRNA, C. parvum was identified in two samples and C. ubiquitum in one sample (Fig. 3) .
TextSentencer_T67 10853-10982 Sentence denotes By amplification of a fragment of the ssu-rRNA, C. parvum was identified in two samples and C. ubiquitum in one sample (Fig. 3) .
TextSentencer_T68 10983-11158 Sentence denotes This work constitutes the first extensive study in which the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated in alpacas in their natural habitat (Peruvian altiplano).
TextSentencer_T68 10983-11158 Sentence denotes This work constitutes the first extensive study in which the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated in alpacas in their natural habitat (Peruvian altiplano).
TextSentencer_T69 11159-11716 Sentence denotes Currently, published data about these two protozoan parasites in alpacas is limited, involving mainly descriptions of clinical cases (Bidewell and Cattell, 1998; Shapiro et al., 2005; Starkey et al., 2007; Waitt et al., 2008) ; isolated cases (Ey et al., 1997; Spano et al., 1997 Spano et al., , 1998 Morgan et al., 1998; Ryan et al., 2003; Stewart et al., 2005) or epidemiological studies performed at farms located in countries such as the USA and UK where these animals have been introduced (Cebra et al., 2003; Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T69 11159-11716 Sentence denotes Currently, published data about these two protozoan parasites in alpacas is limited, involving mainly descriptions of clinical cases (Bidewell and Cattell, 1998; Shapiro et al., 2005; Starkey et al., 2007; Waitt et al., 2008) ; isolated cases (Ey et al., 1997; Spano et al., 1997 Spano et al., , 1998 Morgan et al., 1998; Ryan et al., 2003; Stewart et al., 2005) or epidemiological studies performed at farms located in countries such as the USA and UK where these animals have been introduced (Cebra et al., 2003; Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T70 11717-11851 Sentence denotes In SAC, the first case of Giardia infection was described in 1987 in an asymptomatic young llama in Wisconsin (Kiorpes et al., 1987) .
TextSentencer_T70 11717-11851 Sentence denotes In SAC, the first case of Giardia infection was described in 1987 in an asymptomatic young llama in Wisconsin (Kiorpes et al., 1987) .
TextSentencer_T71 11852-12013 Sentence denotes Subsequently, Giardia was identified as the enteropathogen involved in 18% of diarrhoea cases in unweaned llama and alpaca crias in Oregon (Cebra et al., 2003) .
TextSentencer_T71 11852-12013 Sentence denotes Subsequently, Giardia was identified as the enteropathogen involved in 18% of diarrhoea cases in unweaned llama and alpaca crias in Oregon (Cebra et al., 2003) .
TextSentencer_T72 12014-12268 Sentence denotes In addition, data collected between the years 1999 and 2004 from 58 clinical cases of diarrhoea in alpacas less than 4 months of age at Ohio State University revealed that 32.8% of the crias were positive for Giardia spp. (Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T72 12014-12268 Sentence denotes In addition, data collected between the years 1999 and 2004 from 58 clinical cases of diarrhoea in alpacas less than 4 months of age at Ohio State University revealed that 32.8% of the crias were positive for Giardia spp. (Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T73 12269-12438 Sentence denotes Recently, Trout et al. (2008) reported the detection of Giardia by PCR analysis in 4.9% of the faecal samples from 61 adult alpacas and crias from two farms in Maryland.
TextSentencer_T73 12269-12438 Sentence denotes Recently, Trout et al. (2008) reported the detection of Giardia by PCR analysis in 4.9% of the faecal samples from 61 adult alpacas and crias from two farms in Maryland.
TextSentencer_T74 12439-12537 Sentence denotes The 3 positive samples were obtained from 14 and 27 month old females and from a 13 week old male.
TextSentencer_T74 12439-12537 Sentence denotes The 3 positive samples were obtained from 14 and 27 month old females and from a 13 week old male.
TextSentencer_T75 12538-12811 Sentence denotes In our study, immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR analysis of faecal samples from 274 alpacas originating from 12 herds has revealed a global prevalence of 50.0%, reaching 75.0% in some herds, and highlighting the elevated prevalence of Giardia in these domestic animals.
TextSentencer_T75 12538-12811 Sentence denotes In our study, immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR analysis of faecal samples from 274 alpacas originating from 12 herds has revealed a global prevalence of 50.0%, reaching 75.0% in some herds, and highlighting the elevated prevalence of Giardia in these domestic animals.
TextSentencer_T76 12812-12962 Sentence denotes Overall, high percentages (14.3-80.0%) of positive animals were found in all age groups, except 9 weeks in which the 2 samples analysed were negative.
TextSentencer_T76 12812-12962 Sentence denotes Overall, high percentages (14.3-80.0%) of positive animals were found in all age groups, except 9 weeks in which the 2 samples analysed were negative.
TextSentencer_T77 12963-13145 Sentence denotes Infection rates over 50% were observed in animals of ages 5-10 weeks, and were also elevated in animals as young as 1 week old (42.9%) as well as in older animals, >10 weeks (20.0%).
TextSentencer_T77 12963-13145 Sentence denotes Infection rates over 50% were observed in animals of ages 5-10 weeks, and were also elevated in animals as young as 1 week old (42.9%) as well as in older animals, >10 weeks (20.0%).
TextSentencer_T78 13146-13471 Sentence denotes These results are in agreement with data reported in a previous alpaca study for the same age group, 32.8% in animals <8-9 weeks of age (Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) , as well as with the 15.6% found in llamas and alpacas between 4 and 17 weeks of age (Cebra et al., 2003) , although the percentages found here are superior.
TextSentencer_T78 13146-13471 Sentence denotes These results are in agreement with data reported in a previous alpaca study for the same age group, 32.8% in animals <8-9 weeks of age (Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) , as well as with the 15.6% found in llamas and alpacas between 4 and 17 weeks of age (Cebra et al., 2003) , although the percentages found here are superior.
TextSentencer_T79 13472-13720 Sentence denotes However, in llamas detection of Giardia was higher in animals 0-2 months of age (25.0%), followed by groups of 2-4 (12.5%), 4-12 (5.3%) and 13-24 (3.2%) months, not detecting the parasite in animals 25 to >96 months of age (Rulofson et al., 2001) .
TextSentencer_T79 13472-13720 Sentence denotes However, in llamas detection of Giardia was higher in animals 0-2 months of age (25.0%), followed by groups of 2-4 (12.5%), 4-12 (5.3%) and 13-24 (3.2%) months, not detecting the parasite in animals 25 to >96 months of age (Rulofson et al., 2001) .
TextSentencer_T80 13721-13866 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium, as Giardia, has been reported in alpacas in the few clinical reports or epidemiological studies performed outside South America.
TextSentencer_T80 13721-13866 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium, as Giardia, has been reported in alpacas in the few clinical reports or epidemiological studies performed outside South America.
TextSentencer_T81 13867-14089 Sentence denotes A prevalence of 8.8% was reported by the Veterinary Laboratory Agency Service in England and Wales in samples from alpaca and llama crias submitted for a diagnosis of diarrhoea between 1999 and 2005 (Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T81 13867-14089 Sentence denotes A prevalence of 8.8% was reported by the Veterinary Laboratory Agency Service in England and Wales in samples from alpaca and llama crias submitted for a diagnosis of diarrhoea between 1999 and 2005 (Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T82 14090-14296 Sentence denotes In addition, prevalences of 6.7% and 25.9% were observed in llama and alpaca crias with diarrhoea aged between 1-2 and 1-14 weeks, respectively, from USA (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T82 14090-14296 Sentence denotes In addition, prevalences of 6.7% and 25.9% were observed in llama and alpaca crias with diarrhoea aged between 1-2 and 1-14 weeks, respectively, from USA (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006) .
TextSentencer_T83 14297-14459 Sentence denotes In the present study, the total prevalence for Cryptosporidium was 4.4%, being present in 58.3% of the herds analysed although at very low intensity of infection.
TextSentencer_T83 14297-14459 Sentence denotes In the present study, the total prevalence for Cryptosporidium was 4.4%, being present in 58.3% of the herds analysed although at very low intensity of infection.
TextSentencer_T84 14460-14744 Sentence denotes The low number of oocysts observed in the faecal samples (<1 oocyst per microscopic field at 400× magnification) and the small amount of faecal sample available could account for the differences in detection observed in the present study between immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR.
TextSentencer_T84 14460-14744 Sentence denotes The low number of oocysts observed in the faecal samples (<1 oocyst per microscopic field at 400× magnification) and the small amount of faecal sample available could account for the differences in detection observed in the present study between immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR.
TextSentencer_T85 14745-14904 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected by microscopy in 12 faecal samples, whereas molecular characterisation could only be achieved in 3 of these samples.
TextSentencer_T85 14745-14904 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected by microscopy in 12 faecal samples, whereas molecular characterisation could only be achieved in 3 of these samples.
TextSentencer_T86 14905-14948 Sentence denotes The highest intraherd prevalence was 13.6%.
TextSentencer_T86 14905-14948 Sentence denotes The highest intraherd prevalence was 13.6%.
TextSentencer_T87 14949-15074 Sentence denotes In contrast to other studies, positive animals were found in age groups 5 (9.1%), 6 (6.6%), 8 (20%) and >10 (5.7%) weeks old.
TextSentencer_T87 14949-15074 Sentence denotes In contrast to other studies, positive animals were found in age groups 5 (9.1%), 6 (6.6%), 8 (20%) and >10 (5.7%) weeks old.
TextSentencer_T88 15075-15195 Sentence denotes However, Cryptosporidium was not detected in any of the 61 alpaca samples from two Maryland farms (Trout et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T88 15075-15195 Sentence denotes However, Cryptosporidium was not detected in any of the 61 alpaca samples from two Maryland farms (Trout et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T89 15196-15315 Sentence denotes This may be due to the age of the animals examined, since in this study, the age range was 10 weeks to 10 years of age.
TextSentencer_T89 15196-15315 Sentence denotes This may be due to the age of the animals examined, since in this study, the age range was 10 weeks to 10 years of age.
TextSentencer_T90 15316-15508 Sentence denotes Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been included amongst the most common pathogens causing diarrhoea in neonatal camelids (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006; Waitt et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T90 15316-15508 Sentence denotes Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been included amongst the most common pathogens causing diarrhoea in neonatal camelids (Cebra et al., 2003; Whitehead and Anderson, 2006; Waitt et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T91 15509-15692 Sentence denotes In the present work, it was not possible to establish this association although the prevalence for both Giardia and Cryptosporidium detected in diarrhoeic samples was slightly higher.
TextSentencer_T91 15509-15692 Sentence denotes In the present work, it was not possible to establish this association although the prevalence for both Giardia and Cryptosporidium detected in diarrhoeic samples was slightly higher.
TextSentencer_T92 15693-15835 Sentence denotes The average intensity of infection observed in diarrhoeic samples, however, was equal to or lower than that observed in nondiarrhoeic samples.
TextSentencer_T92 15693-15835 Sentence denotes The average intensity of infection observed in diarrhoeic samples, however, was equal to or lower than that observed in nondiarrhoeic samples.
TextSentencer_T93 15836-15972 Sentence denotes This may be due to the age of the animals (>5 weeks in the case of Cryptosporidium) or to the dilution of the diarrhoeic faecal samples.
TextSentencer_T93 15836-15972 Sentence denotes This may be due to the age of the animals (>5 weeks in the case of Cryptosporidium) or to the dilution of the diarrhoeic faecal samples.
TextSentencer_T94 15973-16111 Sentence denotes Subclinical infection with Giardia and Cryptosporidium has been previously reported in alpacas (Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T94 15973-16111 Sentence denotes Subclinical infection with Giardia and Cryptosporidium has been previously reported in alpacas (Trout et al., 2008; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T95 16112-16212 Sentence denotes In addition, G. duodenalis was reported in 3.4% of 354 asymptomatic llamas (Rulofson et al., 2001) .
TextSentencer_T95 16112-16212 Sentence denotes In addition, G. duodenalis was reported in 3.4% of 354 asymptomatic llamas (Rulofson et al., 2001) .
TextSentencer_T96 16213-16353 Sentence denotes Trout et al. (2008) suggested that the absence of clinical signs could indicate that Giardia might not necessarily be pathogenic in alpacas.
TextSentencer_T96 16213-16353 Sentence denotes Trout et al. (2008) suggested that the absence of clinical signs could indicate that Giardia might not necessarily be pathogenic in alpacas.
TextSentencer_T97 16354-16685 Sentence denotes However, shedding of the resistant forms of these parasites can extend beyond the period of diarrhoea and excretion is intermittent (Buret et al., 1990; Thompson et al., 2008) , therefore the time at which samples are collected and the number of samples analysed per animal are critical to establish any association with diarrhoea.
TextSentencer_T97 16354-16685 Sentence denotes However, shedding of the resistant forms of these parasites can extend beyond the period of diarrhoea and excretion is intermittent (Buret et al., 1990; Thompson et al., 2008) , therefore the time at which samples are collected and the number of samples analysed per animal are critical to establish any association with diarrhoea.
TextSentencer_T98 16686-16891 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, subclinical shedding of cysts or oocysts has important implications at herd management level, since apparently healthy animals can be a source of infection to other animals in their vicinity.
TextSentencer_T98 16686-16891 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, subclinical shedding of cysts or oocysts has important implications at herd management level, since apparently healthy animals can be a source of infection to other animals in their vicinity.
TextSentencer_T99 16892-17069 Sentence denotes Early molecular analysis of Giardia from alpacas in Australia (4 isolates) suggested that this host could be infected by assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis (Ey et al., 1997) .
TextSentencer_T99 16892-17069 Sentence denotes Early molecular analysis of Giardia from alpacas in Australia (4 isolates) suggested that this host could be infected by assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis (Ey et al., 1997) .
TextSentencer_T100 17070-17183 Sentence denotes Later, Trout et al. (2008) identified G. duodenalis assemblage A in 3 of 61 animals examined and no assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T100 17070-17183 Sentence denotes Later, Trout et al. (2008) identified G. duodenalis assemblage A in 3 of 61 animals examined and no assemblage E.
TextSentencer_T101 17184-17464 Sentence denotes In the present study, DNA sequence analysis revealed that amongst the 92 samples positive by PCR, 67 samples contained G. duodenalis assemblage A; 24 samples G. duodenalis assemblage E; and in the remaining sample there was an inconsistency between the two molecular markers used.
TextSentencer_T101 17184-17464 Sentence denotes In the present study, DNA sequence analysis revealed that amongst the 92 samples positive by PCR, 67 samples contained G. duodenalis assemblage A; 24 samples G. duodenalis assemblage E; and in the remaining sample there was an inconsistency between the two molecular markers used.
TextSentencer_T102 17465-17635 Sentence denotes These results show a clear predominance of the widely distributed zoonotic assemblage A in all age groups over assemblage E, which shows specificity to artiodactyl hosts.
TextSentencer_T102 17465-17635 Sentence denotes These results show a clear predominance of the widely distributed zoonotic assemblage A in all age groups over assemblage E, which shows specificity to artiodactyl hosts.
TextSentencer_T103 17636-18014 Sentence denotes The first studies in which Cryptosporidium isolates were characterised by molecular methods were those performed with the A1 alpaca isolate originating from Peru (Spano et al., 1997 Morgan et al., 1998) and with an alpaca isolate from the Czech Republic (Ryan et al., 2003) , which showed consistent PCR, PCR-RFLP, and sequence analysis results for multiple loci with C. parvum.
TextSentencer_T103 17636-18014 Sentence denotes The first studies in which Cryptosporidium isolates were characterised by molecular methods were those performed with the A1 alpaca isolate originating from Peru (Spano et al., 1997 Morgan et al., 1998) and with an alpaca isolate from the Czech Republic (Ryan et al., 2003) , which showed consistent PCR, PCR-RFLP, and sequence analysis results for multiple loci with C. parvum.
TextSentencer_T104 18015-18175 Sentence denotes Later, this result was confirmed using several isolates from alpaca crias with and without diarrhoea in USA and UK (Starkey et al., 2007; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T104 18015-18175 Sentence denotes Later, this result was confirmed using several isolates from alpaca crias with and without diarrhoea in USA and UK (Starkey et al., 2007; Twomey et al., 2008) .
TextSentencer_T105 18176-18249 Sentence denotes Similarly, in the present study, C. parvum was identified in two animals.
TextSentencer_T105 18176-18249 Sentence denotes Similarly, in the present study, C. parvum was identified in two animals.
TextSentencer_T106 18250-18389 Sentence denotes In addition, we describe here the presence, for the first time in this host, of C. ubiquitum in a female alpaca older than 10 weeks of age.
TextSentencer_T106 18250-18389 Sentence denotes In addition, we describe here the presence, for the first time in this host, of C. ubiquitum in a female alpaca older than 10 weeks of age.
TextSentencer_T107 18390-18741 Sentence denotes This recently named Cryptosporidium species was previously identified as Cryptosporidium cervine genotype and occasionally as the cervid, W4 or genotype 3 genotype, and has been shown by molecular testing to infect the greatest number of host species of any species of Cryptosporidium, being found in domestic and wild ruminants, rodents and primates.
TextSentencer_T107 18390-18741 Sentence denotes This recently named Cryptosporidium species was previously identified as Cryptosporidium cervine genotype and occasionally as the cervid, W4 or genotype 3 genotype, and has been shown by molecular testing to infect the greatest number of host species of any species of Cryptosporidium, being found in domestic and wild ruminants, rodents and primates.
TextSentencer_T108 18742-18825 Sentence denotes C. ubiquitum has also been involved in human infections worldwide, including Peru .
TextSentencer_T108 18742-18825 Sentence denotes C. ubiquitum has also been involved in human infections worldwide, including Peru .
TextSentencer_T109 18826-19062 Sentence denotes In summary, this is the first study carrying out the molecular characterisation of a large number of Giardia isolates from alpacas, identifying for the first time G. duodenalis assemblages A and E in alpacas from the Peruvian altiplano.
TextSentencer_T109 18826-19062 Sentence denotes In summary, this is the first study carrying out the molecular characterisation of a large number of Giardia isolates from alpacas, identifying for the first time G. duodenalis assemblages A and E in alpacas from the Peruvian altiplano.
TextSentencer_T110 19063-19147 Sentence denotes We also report for the first time the presence of C. ubiquitum in these populations.
TextSentencer_T110 19063-19147 Sentence denotes We also report for the first time the presence of C. ubiquitum in these populations.
TextSentencer_T111 19148-19535 Sentence denotes Because humans can be infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A, the high prevalence of Giardia detected, together with the identification of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum in these samples, suggests that zoonotic transmission of giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis between alpaca and humans can occur, and therefore these animals should be considered as potential sources of infection for humans.
TextSentencer_T111 19148-19535 Sentence denotes Because humans can be infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A, the high prevalence of Giardia detected, together with the identification of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum in these samples, suggests that zoonotic transmission of giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis between alpaca and humans can occur, and therefore these animals should be considered as potential sources of infection for humans.
TextSentencer_T112 19536-19679 Sentence denotes In fact, an outbreak of human cryptosporidiosis caused by C. parvum attributable to an alpaca source has been reported (Starkey et al., 2007) .
TextSentencer_T112 19536-19679 Sentence denotes In fact, an outbreak of human cryptosporidiosis caused by C. parvum attributable to an alpaca source has been reported (Starkey et al., 2007) .
TextSentencer_T113 19680-19863 Sentence denotes Moreover, and due to the high prevalence of these two protozoan infections in humans in Peru (Checkley et al., 1997; Pérez Cordón et al., 2008) , the inverse situation may also occur.
TextSentencer_T113 19680-19863 Sentence denotes Moreover, and due to the high prevalence of these two protozoan infections in humans in Peru (Checkley et al., 1997; Pérez Cordón et al., 2008) , the inverse situation may also occur.
TextSentencer_T114 19864-19971 Sentence denotes Further studies are therefore needed to investigate the epidemiology of these diseases in Peruvian alpacas.
TextSentencer_T114 19864-19971 Sentence denotes Further studies are therefore needed to investigate the epidemiology of these diseases in Peruvian alpacas.
TextSentencer_T115 19972-20076 Sentence denotes for enabling the sample collection and Karol Guzmán and Jorge Maximiliano for their help and assistance.
TextSentencer_T115 19972-20076 Sentence denotes for enabling the sample collection and Karol Guzmán and Jorge Maximiliano for their help and assistance.
TextSentencer_T116 20077-20172 Sentence denotes We also thank Dr. Jane Wheeler for the careful reading of this manuscript and helpful comments.
TextSentencer_T116 20077-20172 Sentence denotes We also thank Dr. Jane Wheeler for the careful reading of this manuscript and helpful comments.