CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:06594cb8f332809a70287bf4a265254fee818016 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-132 Sentence denotes Fever screening of seasonal influenza patients using a cost-effective thermopile array with small pixels for close-range thermometry
TextSentencer_T1 0-132 Sentence denotes Fever screening of seasonal influenza patients using a cost-effective thermopile array with small pixels for close-range thermometry
TextSentencer_T2 134-142 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 134-142 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 145-291 Sentence denotes Fever screening of patients with suspected infectious diseases is important to prevent the transmission of infections in places of mass gathering.
TextSentencer_T3 145-291 Sentence denotes Fever screening of patients with suspected infectious diseases is important to prevent the transmission of infections in places of mass gathering.
TextSentencer_T4 292-392 Sentence denotes Infrared thermography is a fast, non-invasive, and noncontact method of monitoring body temperature.
TextSentencer_T4 292-392 Sentence denotes Infrared thermography is a fast, non-invasive, and noncontact method of monitoring body temperature.
TextSentencer_T5 393-580 Sentence denotes For these reasons it has been used extensively for fever screening at airport quarantine stations in many countries since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003.
TextSentencer_T5 393-580 Sentence denotes For these reasons it has been used extensively for fever screening at airport quarantine stations in many countries since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003.
TextSentencer_T6 581-669 Sentence denotes 1, 2 However, many thermography systems used in airports are expensive and non-portable.
TextSentencer_T6 581-669 Sentence denotes 1, 2 However, many thermography systems used in airports are expensive and non-portable.
TextSentencer_T7 670-805 Sentence denotes In this regard, we designed a thermopile array for fever screening of patients with suspected infectious diseases in clinical settings.
TextSentencer_T7 670-805 Sentence denotes In this regard, we designed a thermopile array for fever screening of patients with suspected infectious diseases in clinical settings.
TextSentencer_T8 806-868 Sentence denotes Two key concepts were used in designing this thermopile array.
TextSentencer_T8 806-868 Sentence denotes Two key concepts were used in designing this thermopile array.
TextSentencer_T9 869-1029 Sentence denotes First, we aimed to promote the widespread use of thermal imaging for mass screening, particularly in developing countries, where costeffectiveness is necessary.
TextSentencer_T9 869-1029 Sentence denotes First, we aimed to promote the widespread use of thermal imaging for mass screening, particularly in developing countries, where costeffectiveness is necessary.
TextSentencer_T10 1030-1139 Sentence denotes Hence, we developed this thermopile array for measuring body temperature using low-cost thermopile detectors.
TextSentencer_T10 1030-1139 Sentence denotes Hence, we developed this thermopile array for measuring body temperature using low-cost thermopile detectors.
TextSentencer_T11 1140-1319 Sentence denotes Second, the thermopile array was designed as a compact module to facilitate its integration into medical applications such that clinicians would find the device convenient to use.
TextSentencer_T11 1140-1319 Sentence denotes Second, the thermopile array was designed as a compact module to facilitate its integration into medical applications such that clinicians would find the device convenient to use.
TextSentencer_T12 1320-1452 Sentence denotes In fact, we have applied this thermopile array to a vital sign-based infection screening system that is currently under development.
TextSentencer_T12 1320-1452 Sentence denotes In fact, we have applied this thermopile array to a vital sign-based infection screening system that is currently under development.
TextSentencer_T13 1453-1597 Sentence denotes 3 Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility of this thermopile array for the detection of elevated body temperature in seasonal influenza patients.
TextSentencer_T13 1453-1597 Sentence denotes 3 Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility of this thermopile array for the detection of elevated body temperature in seasonal influenza patients.
TextSentencer_T14 1598-1714 Sentence denotes The thermopile array (Chino Corp., Tokyo, Japan) comprises 48 Â 47 = 2256 pixels with multiple thermopile detectors.
TextSentencer_T14 1598-1714 Sentence denotes The thermopile array (Chino Corp., Tokyo, Japan) comprises 48 Â 47 = 2256 pixels with multiple thermopile detectors.
TextSentencer_T15 1715-1846 Sentence denotes Because human skin emits infrared light at a wavelength range of 2-20 mm, we set the measurement wavelength at approximately 10 mm.
TextSentencer_T15 1715-1846 Sentence denotes Because human skin emits infrared light at a wavelength range of 2-20 mm, we set the measurement wavelength at approximately 10 mm.
TextSentencer_T16 1847-1922 Sentence denotes The thermopile array was calibrated at a range of 20-40 8C and a Objective:
TextSentencer_T16 1847-1922 Sentence denotes The thermopile array was calibrated at a range of 20-40 8C and a Objective:
TextSentencer_T17 1923-2076 Sentence denotes Infrared thermography systems have been used for fever screening at many airports since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003.
TextSentencer_T17 1923-2076 Sentence denotes Infrared thermography systems have been used for fever screening at many airports since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003.
TextSentencer_T18 2077-2139 Sentence denotes However, many of these systems are expensive and non-portable.
TextSentencer_T18 2077-2139 Sentence denotes However, many of these systems are expensive and non-portable.
TextSentencer_T19 2140-2312 Sentence denotes Therefore, we developed a cost-effective and compact (2.9 Â 5.8 Â 2.0 cm) thermopile array for fever screening of patients with infectious diseases in the clinical setting.
TextSentencer_T19 2140-2312 Sentence denotes Therefore, we developed a cost-effective and compact (2.9 Â 5.8 Â 2.0 cm) thermopile array for fever screening of patients with infectious diseases in the clinical setting.
TextSentencer_T20 2313-2321 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T20 2313-2321 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T21 2322-2464 Sentence denotes The array was created with small pixels (48 Â 47 = 2256 pixels) fabricated on a silicon wafer using microelectromechanical systems technology.
TextSentencer_T21 2322-2464 Sentence denotes The array was created with small pixels (48 Â 47 = 2256 pixels) fabricated on a silicon wafer using microelectromechanical systems technology.
TextSentencer_T22 2465-2636 Sentence denotes We tested this array on 155 febrile and afebrile patients (35.4 8C axillary temperature 39.3 8C) with seasonal influenza at the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T22 2465-2636 Sentence denotes We tested this array on 155 febrile and afebrile patients (35.4 8C axillary temperature 39.3 8C) with seasonal influenza at the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T23 2637-2645 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T23 2637-2645 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T24 2646-2849 Sentence denotes The maximum facial temperature, measured by the array at 0.3 m from the subject, exhibited a positive correlation with axillary temperature measured using a contact-type thermometer (r = 0.71, p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T24 2646-2849 Sentence denotes The maximum facial temperature, measured by the array at 0.3 m from the subject, exhibited a positive correlation with axillary temperature measured using a contact-type thermometer (r = 0.71, p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T25 2850-3062 Sentence denotes The sensitivity and specificity of the thermopile array in identifying the febrile subjects were 80.5% and 93.3%, respectively, setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature at an appropriate value.
TextSentencer_T25 2850-3062 Sentence denotes The sensitivity and specificity of the thermopile array in identifying the febrile subjects were 80.5% and 93.3%, respectively, setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature at an appropriate value.
TextSentencer_T26 3063-3075 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T26 3063-3075 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T27 3076-3335 Sentence denotes Our cost-effective thermopile array appears promising for future close-range fever screening of patients with infectious diseases at primary care doctor clinics, health care centers, and quarantine stations in developing and developed countries. (Figure 1a ).
TextSentencer_T27 3076-3335 Sentence denotes Our cost-effective thermopile array appears promising for future close-range fever screening of patients with infectious diseases at primary care doctor clinics, health care centers, and quarantine stations in developing and developed countries. (Figure 1a ).
TextSentencer_T28 3336-3420 Sentence denotes The present study was carried out at the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T28 3336-3420 Sentence denotes The present study was carried out at the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T29 3421-3692 Sentence denotes The 155 inpatients (aged 25 AE 6 years; 35.4 8C axillary temperature 39.3 8C) were diagnosed with seasonal (2012-2014) influenza based on several symptoms such as fever, headache, and sore throat, as well as the result obtained using a rapid test kit (Quidel Corp., USA).
TextSentencer_T29 3421-3692 Sentence denotes The 155 inpatients (aged 25 AE 6 years; 35.4 8C axillary temperature 39.3 8C) were diagnosed with seasonal (2012-2014) influenza based on several symptoms such as fever, headache, and sore throat, as well as the result obtained using a rapid test kit (Quidel Corp., USA).
TextSentencer_T30 3693-3822 Sentence denotes All patients were prescribed an antivirus medication (oseltamivir or zanamivir), and some patients had a normal body temperature.
TextSentencer_T30 3693-3822 Sentence denotes All patients were prescribed an antivirus medication (oseltamivir or zanamivir), and some patients had a normal body temperature.
TextSentencer_T31 3823-3895 Sentence denotes The thermopile array was placed 0.3 m from the face of each participant.
TextSentencer_T31 3823-3895 Sentence denotes The thermopile array was placed 0.3 m from the face of each participant.
TextSentencer_T32 3896-4151 Sentence denotes Because the facial temperature is much higher than the surrounding ambient temperature, the maximum facial temperature (around the inner corner of the eye) can be derived from a two-dimensional thermal facial image by simple image processing (Figure 1b) .
TextSentencer_T32 3896-4151 Sentence denotes Because the facial temperature is much higher than the surrounding ambient temperature, the maximum facial temperature (around the inner corner of the eye) can be derived from a two-dimensional thermal facial image by simple image processing (Figure 1b) .
TextSentencer_T33 4152-4237 Sentence denotes Subjects who wore eyeglasses removed them before the facial temperature measurements.
TextSentencer_T33 4152-4237 Sentence denotes Subjects who wore eyeglasses removed them before the facial temperature measurements.
TextSentencer_T34 4238-4293 Sentence denotes The thermal image data were obtained at 6-Hz intervals.
TextSentencer_T34 4238-4293 Sentence denotes The thermal image data were obtained at 6-Hz intervals.
TextSentencer_T35 4294-4410 Sentence denotes Thermal image acquisition and image processing were performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).
TextSentencer_T35 4294-4410 Sentence denotes Thermal image acquisition and image processing were performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).
TextSentencer_T36 4411-4542 Sentence denotes We set the ambient temperature to 22.2-23.8 8C and the relative humidity to 36-40% to ensure reproducible environmental conditions.
TextSentencer_T36 4411-4542 Sentence denotes We set the ambient temperature to 22.2-23.8 8C and the relative humidity to 36-40% to ensure reproducible environmental conditions.
TextSentencer_T37 4543-4693 Sentence denotes To obtain measurements for cross-referencing, we measured the axillary temperature using a contact-type clinical thermometer (MC-107BW; Omron, Japan).
TextSentencer_T37 4543-4693 Sentence denotes To obtain measurements for cross-referencing, we measured the axillary temperature using a contact-type clinical thermometer (MC-107BW; Omron, Japan).
TextSentencer_T38 4694-4844 Sentence denotes We compared the maximum facial temperature obtained by the thermopile array with the axillary temperature measured using the contact-type thermometer.
TextSentencer_T38 4694-4844 Sentence denotes We compared the maximum facial temperature obtained by the thermopile array with the axillary temperature measured using the contact-type thermometer.
TextSentencer_T39 4845-4965 Sentence denotes Moreover, we also evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the thermopile array in identifying the febrile subjects.
TextSentencer_T39 4845-4965 Sentence denotes Moreover, we also evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the thermopile array in identifying the febrile subjects.
TextSentencer_T40 4966-5191 Sentence denotes The correlation plot of the maximum facial temperature monitored by the thermopile array and the axillary temperatures measured using the contact-type thermometer for the 155 seasonal influenza patients is shown in Figure 2 .
TextSentencer_T40 4966-5191 Sentence denotes The correlation plot of the maximum facial temperature monitored by the thermopile array and the axillary temperatures measured using the contact-type thermometer for the 155 seasonal influenza patients is shown in Figure 2 .
TextSentencer_T41 5192-5327 Sentence denotes The thermopile array measurements exhibited a positive correlation with the contact-type thermometer measurements (r = 0.71, p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T41 5192-5327 Sentence denotes The thermopile array measurements exhibited a positive correlation with the contact-type thermometer measurements (r = 0.71, p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T42 5328-5490 Sentence denotes Comparison of the maximum facial temperature and reference axillary temperature showed an average mean difference of 1.03 8C with a standard deviation of 0.19 8C.
TextSentencer_T42 5328-5490 Sentence denotes Comparison of the maximum facial temperature and reference axillary temperature showed an average mean difference of 1.03 8C with a standard deviation of 0.19 8C.
TextSentencer_T43 5491-5580 Sentence denotes As mentioned above, some of the influenza patients had mild or no fever after medication.
TextSentencer_T43 5491-5580 Sentence denotes As mentioned above, some of the influenza patients had mild or no fever after medication.
TextSentencer_T44 5581-5772 Sentence denotes Therefore, we evaluated the thermopile array for discriminating febrile patients from afebrile subjects by setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature in the thermopile array.
TextSentencer_T44 5581-5772 Sentence denotes Therefore, we evaluated the thermopile array for discriminating febrile patients from afebrile subjects by setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature in the thermopile array.
TextSentencer_T45 5773-5889 Sentence denotes This approach has been used and generally approved in some recent studies on the evaluation of thermography systems.
TextSentencer_T45 5773-5889 Sentence denotes This approach has been used and generally approved in some recent studies on the evaluation of thermography systems.
TextSentencer_T46 5890-6014 Sentence denotes 4, 5 By using the axillary temperature as the reference, the axillary temperatures of 36/155 febrile patients were >37.5 8C.
TextSentencer_T46 5890-6014 Sentence denotes 4, 5 By using the axillary temperature as the reference, the axillary temperatures of 36/155 febrile patients were >37.5 8C.
TextSentencer_T47 6015-6158 Sentence denotes The sensitivity and specificity were 80.5% and 93.3%, respectively, for setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature at 36.5 8C.
TextSentencer_T47 6015-6158 Sentence denotes The sensitivity and specificity were 80.5% and 93.3%, respectively, for setting the threshold cut-off of maximum facial temperature at 36.5 8C.
TextSentencer_T48 6159-6367 Sentence denotes The explanation for this is that although the thermopile array accurately measures human body temperature, some of the patients were misdiagnosed as normal because they were taking medication to reduce fever.
TextSentencer_T48 6159-6367 Sentence denotes The explanation for this is that although the thermopile array accurately measures human body temperature, some of the patients were misdiagnosed as normal because they were taking medication to reduce fever.
TextSentencer_T49 6368-6495 Sentence denotes The results indicated that the thermopile array accurately captured elevated human body temperature in close-range thermometry.
TextSentencer_T49 6368-6495 Sentence denotes The results indicated that the thermopile array accurately captured elevated human body temperature in close-range thermometry.
TextSentencer_T50 6496-6598 Sentence denotes The outbreak of an infectious disease, such as swine or avian influenza, is a threat to global health.
TextSentencer_T50 6496-6598 Sentence denotes The outbreak of an infectious disease, such as swine or avian influenza, is a threat to global health.
TextSentencer_T51 6599-6764 Sentence denotes Using thermal imaging techniques for fever screening has become a standard procedure at airport quarantine stations because they are more accurate than self-reports.
TextSentencer_T51 6599-6764 Sentence denotes Using thermal imaging techniques for fever screening has become a standard procedure at airport quarantine stations because they are more accurate than self-reports.
TextSentencer_T52 6765-6991 Sentence denotes Commercial thermal imaging systems typically cost several thousand dollars; 6 meanwhile, some researchers have developed inexpensive do-it-yourself infrared scanners to promote the widespread use of thermal imaging technology.
TextSentencer_T52 6765-6991 Sentence denotes Commercial thermal imaging systems typically cost several thousand dollars; 6 meanwhile, some researchers have developed inexpensive do-it-yourself infrared scanners to promote the widespread use of thermal imaging technology.
TextSentencer_T53 6992-7097 Sentence denotes 7 In this study, we proposed a cost-effective sensor with $2000 pixels to measure human body temperature.
TextSentencer_T53 6992-7097 Sentence denotes 7 In this study, we proposed a cost-effective sensor with $2000 pixels to measure human body temperature.
TextSentencer_T54 7098-7334 Sentence denotes However, the main limitation of our thermopile array is that the operational distance between the thermopile array and the subject is 0.5 m, as opposed to approximately 1.0-3.0 m for some high-resolution commercial thermography systems.
TextSentencer_T54 7098-7334 Sentence denotes However, the main limitation of our thermopile array is that the operational distance between the thermopile array and the subject is 0.5 m, as opposed to approximately 1.0-3.0 m for some high-resolution commercial thermography systems.
TextSentencer_T55 7335-7574 Sentence denotes Therefore, this thermopile array will be more suitable for close-range fever screening of patients with infectious diseases at primary care doctor offices, health care centers, and quarantine stations in developing and developed countries.
TextSentencer_T55 7335-7574 Sentence denotes Therefore, this thermopile array will be more suitable for close-range fever screening of patients with infectious diseases at primary care doctor offices, health care centers, and quarantine stations in developing and developed countries.
TextSentencer_T56 7575-7592 Sentence denotes Ethical approval:
TextSentencer_T56 7575-7592 Sentence denotes Ethical approval:
TextSentencer_T57 7593-7752 Sentence denotes This study is part of a vital sign-based infection screening system project approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T57 7593-7752 Sentence denotes This study is part of a vital sign-based infection screening system project approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital.
TextSentencer_T58 7753-7761 Sentence denotes Funding:
TextSentencer_T58 7753-7761 Sentence denotes Funding:
TextSentencer_T59 7762-7767 Sentence denotes None.
TextSentencer_T59 7762-7767 Sentence denotes None.
TextSentencer_T60 7768-7789 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest:
TextSentencer_T60 7768-7789 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest:
TextSentencer_T61 7790-7834 Sentence denotes The authors declare no conflict of interest.
TextSentencer_T61 7790-7834 Sentence denotes The authors declare no conflict of interest.