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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 23-27 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T2 182-186 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T3 375-379 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T4 585-589 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T5 845-849 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T6 1189-1193 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T7 1232-1236 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T8 1379-1383 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T9 1521-1525 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T10 2194-2208 Body_part denotes surfaces, hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25240
T11 2204-2208 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T12 2364-2368 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T13 2663-2667 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T14 2991-2995 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T15 3009-3013 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T16 3072-3076 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T17 3200-3204 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T18 3301-3305 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T19 3515-3519 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T20 3760-3764 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T21 4324-4328 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T22 4491-4495 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T23 4613-4617 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T24 4902-4906 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T25 5871-5880 Body_part denotes Cellulose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82748
T26 7850-7859 Body_part denotes capillary http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63194
T27 9662-9666 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T28 10036-10040 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T29 10423-10427 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T30 10792-10796 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T31 11290-11294 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T32 12096-12100 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T33 12230-12234 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T34 12800-12804 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T35 13031-13035 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T36 13235-13239 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T37 13414-13419 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T38 13486-13491 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T39 13535-13540 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T40 13820-13824 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T41 14825-14829 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T42 15306-15310 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T43 15425-15429 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T44 15464-15468 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T45 15488-15492 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T46 15822-15826 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T47 16229-16233 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T48 16247-16251 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T49 16541-16545 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T50 16957-16961 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T51 17682-17686 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T52 17845-17849 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T53 18412-18416 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T54 18547-18551 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T55 18775-18779 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T56 19074-19078 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T57 19179-19183 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 23-27 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T2 182-186 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 375-379 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T4 585-589 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T5 845-849 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T6 1189-1193 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T7 1232-1236 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T8 1379-1383 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T9 1521-1525 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T10 2204-2208 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T11 2364-2368 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T12 2663-2667 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T13 2991-2995 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T14 3009-3013 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T15 3072-3076 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T16 3200-3204 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T17 3301-3305 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T18 3515-3519 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T19 3760-3764 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T20 4324-4328 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T21 4491-4495 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T22 4613-4617 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T23 4902-4906 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T24 7253-7259 Body_part denotes septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003037
T25 7401-7407 Body_part denotes septum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003037
T26 7850-7859 Body_part denotes capillary http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001982
T27 10036-10040 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T28 10792-10796 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T29 11290-11294 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T30 12096-12100 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T31 12230-12234 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T32 13820-13824 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T33 14825-14829 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T34 15306-15310 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T35 15425-15429 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T36 15464-15468 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T37 15488-15492 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T38 15764-15769 Body_part denotes hands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T39 15822-15826 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T40 16229-16233 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T41 16247-16251 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T42 16541-16545 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T43 16957-16961 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T44 17682-17686 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T45 17845-17849 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T46 18412-18416 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T47 18547-18551 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T48 18775-18779 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T49 19074-19078 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T50 19179-19183 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 44-52 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 110-118 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 1765-1773 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 2022-2030 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 2091-2099 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 2131-2139 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 2243-2252 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T8 8971-8973 Disease denotes NB http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005072
T9 9152-9155 Disease denotes MRD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019982
T10 9745-9747 Disease denotes BS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008876
T11 9961-9968 Disease denotes sterile http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005047
T12 13846-13849 Disease denotes MRD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019982
T13 15779-15787 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 15926-15934 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T15 16729-16737 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 18227-18235 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T17 18348-18358 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T18 18953-18962 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T19 19050-19058 Disease denotes CoViD-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 19115-19124 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 128-131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 139-140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 292-293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 578-584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T5 780-783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 970-978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T7 999-1005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T8 1996-1997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 2034-2037 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T10 2222-2225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11 2233-2234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T12 2755-2756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 2790-2792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002878 denotes EC
T14 2807-2808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2908-2910 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002878 denotes EC
T16 2932-2933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T17 3535-3536 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 3643-3644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3921-3922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 4089-4094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T21 4548-4563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007226 denotes label? and (ii)
T22 4668-4673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T23 5032-5037 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T24 5095-5096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 5247-5255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T26 5326-5331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T27 5457-5458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 5516-5517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 6743-6751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T30 6931-6932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 7231-7232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 7487-7489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T33 7633-7634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T34 7685-7686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 7716-7717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 7835-7836 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T37 8166-8167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 8428-8429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 8723-8727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Test
T40 8746-8754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T41 8759-8765 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T42 8862-8863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 9005-9006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T44 9455-9459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T45 9662-9666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T46 9708-9716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T47 9721-9727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T48 9748-9750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161 denotes EN
T49 9861-9867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T50 9906-9914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T51 9969-9974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tubes
T52 10423-10427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T53 10474-10475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 10507-10508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 10513-10516 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T56 10641-10642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T57 10715-10718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T58 10843-10846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T59 11283-11289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T60 11391-11395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3, 4
T61 11847-11848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 11970-11971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T63 12020-12021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T64 12303-12311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T65 12512-12520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T66 12658-12659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 12743-12747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T68 12769-12773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T69 12800-12804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T70 12924-12928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T71 12950-12954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T72 12986-12987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 13031-13035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T74 13132-13136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T75 13158-13162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T76 13235-13239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T77 13332-13336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T78 13360-13364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007735 denotes ml−1
T79 13379-13380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T80 13414-13419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T81 13486-13491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T82 13535-13540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T83 13596-13597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 13624-13625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 13684-13692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T86 13747-13755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T87 13984-13990 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T88 14186-14188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T89 14386-14392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T90 14432-14437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T91 14450-14456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T92 14473-14476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T93 14506-14507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T94 14508-14513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T95 14630-14632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T96 14664-14669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T97 14711-14716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T98 14914-14918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3, 4
T99 15038-15043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T100 15045-15047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T101 15167-15171 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3, 4
T102 15325-15326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T103 15522-15527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T104 15990-15991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T105 16072-16073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T106 16357-16363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T107 16441-16444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T108 16487-16490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T109 16498-16499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T110 16588-16594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T111 16740-16745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T112 16765-16769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T113 16865-16871 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T114 16947-16955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T115 16972-16978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T116 17123-17131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T117 17177-17185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T118 17521-17528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T119 17521-17528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T120 17564-17572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T121 17656-17664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T122 17710-17713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T123 17733-17741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T124 18203-18208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T125 18294-18299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T126 18634-18640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T127 18843-18848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T128 19105-19106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T129 19348-19354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T130 19533-19534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T131 19635-19640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T132 19680-19681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T133 19765-19767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007074 denotes kb
T134 19765-19767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051988 denotes kb
T135 20015-20016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 418-427 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T2 524-531 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T3 557-564 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T5 675-684 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T6 725-732 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T7 794-801 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T8 809-817 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T9 1108-1117 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T10 1237-1250 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T11 1369-1378 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T12 1695-1703 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T13 1712-1725 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T14 2350-2357 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T16 3014-3027 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T17 3306-3319 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T18 3390-3399 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T19 3493-3501 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T20 3537-3545 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T21 3765-3778 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T22 3805-3812 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T23 3933-3941 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T24 3966-3979 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T25 4012-4025 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T26 4089-4094 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T27 4113-4120 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T28 4523-4530 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T29 4548-4553 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T30 4604-4612 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T31 4668-4673 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T32 4828-4833 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T33 4860-4867 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T34 4888-4895 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T35 4977-4985 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T36 5032-5037 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T37 5195-5202 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T38 5233-5246 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T39 5326-5331 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T40 5386-5393 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T42 5607-5614 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T44 5638-5645 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T45 5664-5671 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T46 5695-5700 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T47 5733-5740 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T48 5768-5773 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T49 5805-5812 Chemical denotes Alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T50 5814-5819 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T51 5821-5838 Chemical denotes isopropyl alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824
T52 5821-5830 Chemical denotes isopropyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30353
T53 5831-5838 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T55 5871-5880 Chemical denotes Cellulose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18246
T56 5911-5917 Chemical denotes parfum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48318
T57 5941-5946 Chemical denotes Water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T58 5958-5965 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T60 5977-5983 Chemical denotes parfum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48318
T61 5995-6003 Chemical denotes limonene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15384
T62 6005-6013 Chemical denotes linalool http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17580
T63 6056-6063 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T64 6085-6090 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T65 6132-6139 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T67 6141-6146 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T68 6148-6157 Chemical denotes propylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16052
T69 6158-6164 Chemical denotes glycol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_13643
T70 6186-6202 Chemical denotes sodium hydroxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32145
T71 6186-6192 Chemical denotes sodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26708
T72 6193-6202 Chemical denotes hydroxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16234
T73 6204-6210 Chemical denotes citral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23316
T74 6212-6223 Chemical denotes citronellol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50462
T75 6225-6233 Chemical denotes geraniol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17447
T76 6235-6253 Chemical denotes hydroxycitronellal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53459
T77 6255-6263 Chemical denotes linalool http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17580
T78 6265-6273 Chemical denotes limonene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15384
T79 6313-6320 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T81 6322-6327 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T82 6391-6400 Chemical denotes propylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16052
T83 6401-6407 Chemical denotes glycol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_13643
T84 6409-6424 Chemical denotes triethanolamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28621
T85 6426-6429 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
T86 6446-6456 Chemical denotes castor oil http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140618
T87 6458-6466 Chemical denotes limonene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15384
T88 6468-6483 Chemical denotes sodium benzoate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_113455
T89 6468-6474 Chemical denotes sodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26708
T90 6475-6483 Chemical denotes benzoate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16150
T91 6485-6502 Chemical denotes potassium sorbate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77868
T92 6485-6494 Chemical denotes potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216
T93 6495-6502 Chemical denotes sorbate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36550
T94 6504-6515 Chemical denotes citric acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30769
T95 6511-6515 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T96 6549-6556 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T97 6659-6667 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T98 6729-6742 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T99 6839-6846 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T100 6916-6918 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056
T101 6957-6969 Chemical denotes polyacrylate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51134|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60746
T103 6997-6999 Chemical denotes PA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30745|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30768|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74753|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7959|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8429
T108 7233-7237 Chemical denotes PTFE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53251
T109 7244-7252 Chemical denotes silicone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48140|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61459
T111 7594-7596 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T112 7645-7648 Chemical denotes DPC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34756|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53074
T114 7668-7670 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T115 7837-7849 Chemical denotes fused silica http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46729
T116 7843-7849 Chemical denotes silica http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563
T117 7939-7941 Chemical denotes PA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30745|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30768|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74753|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7959|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8429
T122 8138-8145 Chemical denotes carrier http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T123 8154-8160 Chemical denotes helium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30217|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33681
T125 8370-8377 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T126 8457-8464 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T127 8578-8585 Chemical denotes mixture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004
T128 8691-8706 Chemical denotes triethanolamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28621
T129 8732-8745 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T130 9570-9572 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T131 10126-10134 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T132 10261-10268 Chemical denotes mixture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004
T133 10343-10345 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T134 10611-10618 Chemical denotes Ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T135 10679-10681 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056
T136 10707-10709 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T137 10770-10777 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T138 10835-10842 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T139 11134-11141 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T140 11260-11267 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T141 11576-11583 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T142 11722-11730 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T143 11797-11799 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T144 11893-11900 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T145 12011-12018 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T146 12043-12050 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T147 12073-12075 Chemical denotes GC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73890
T148 12195-12202 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T149 12354-12367 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T150 14143-14160 Chemical denotes isopropyl alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824
T151 14143-14152 Chemical denotes isopropyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30353
T152 14153-14160 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T154 14190-14197 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T155 14399-14406 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T156 14432-14437 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T157 14489-14496 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T158 14508-14513 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T159 14566-14573 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T160 14598-14605 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T161 14648-14655 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T162 14664-14669 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T163 14711-14716 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T164 14746-14753 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T166 14895-14902 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T167 14934-14943 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T168 14973-14982 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T169 15038-15043 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T170 15142-15149 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T172 15234-15243 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T173 15478-15487 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T174 15522-15527 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T175 15676-15683 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T176 15685-15693 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T177 15813-15821 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T178 15889-15902 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T179 16252-16265 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T180 16272-16280 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T181 16386-16394 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T182 16409-16417 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T183 16568-16576 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T184 16605-16613 Chemical denotes methanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790
T185 17148-17157 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T186 17271-17278 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T187 17521-17534 Chemical denotes organic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64709
T188 17529-17534 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T189 17550-17563 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T190 17588-17599 Chemical denotes citric acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30769
T191 17595-17599 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T192 17668-17675 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T194 17789-17796 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T196 17809-17817 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T197 17818-17831 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T198 17890-17897 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T200 18005-18012 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879
T202 18163-18173 Chemical denotes antibiotic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T203 18402-18411 Chemical denotes cosmetics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T204 18745-18753 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T205 18766-18774 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T206 18843-18848 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T207 18858-18865 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T208 19170-19178 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T209 19229-19236 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T210 19331-19338 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T211 19590-19598 Chemical denotes cosmetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64857
T212 19635-19640 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 44-52 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
12 148-153 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
13 524-531 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
14 557-564 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
15 719-720 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
16 721-722 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
17 725-732 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
18 794-801 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
19 809-817 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
20 110-118 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
21 1765-1773 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
29 2375-2380 Gene denotes ABHRs
30 1998-2013 Species denotes new coronavirus Tax:2697049
31 2022-2032 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
32 2131-2141 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
33 2350-2357 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
34 2091-2099 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
35 2243-2252 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
39 3805-3812 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
40 4113-4120 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
41 4523-4530 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
44 4860-4867 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
45 4888-4895 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
91 6329-6345 Species denotes aloe barbadensis Tax:34199
92 6365-6370 Species denotes lemon Tax:2708
93 5638-5645 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
94 5664-5671 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
95 5695-5700 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
96 5733-5740 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
97 5768-5773 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
98 5805-5812 Chemical denotes Alcohol MESH:D000438
99 5814-5819 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
100 5821-5838 Chemical denotes isopropyl alcohol MESH:D019840
101 5840-5848 Chemical denotes glycerin MESH:D005990
102 5850-5880 Chemical denotes Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose MESH:D065347
103 5941-5946 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
104 5958-5965 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
105 5967-5975 Chemical denotes glycerin MESH:D005990
106 5977-5983 Chemical denotes parfum
107 5985-5993 Chemical denotes carbomer MESH:C479038
108 5995-6003 Chemical denotes limonene MESH:D000077222
109 6005-6013 Chemical denotes linalool MESH:C018584
110 6015-6035 Chemical denotes aminomethyl propanol MESH:C006551
111 6056-6063 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
112 6085-6090 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
113 6132-6139 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
114 6141-6146 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
115 6148-6164 Chemical denotes propylene glycol MESH:D019946
116 6166-6174 Chemical denotes carbomer MESH:C479038
117 6176-6184 Chemical denotes glycerin MESH:D005990
118 6186-6202 Chemical denotes sodium hydroxide MESH:D012972
119 6204-6210 Chemical denotes citral MESH:C007076
120 6212-6223 Chemical denotes citronellol MESH:C007078
121 6225-6233 Chemical denotes geraniol MESH:C007836
122 6235-6253 Chemical denotes hydroxycitronellal MESH:C020755
123 6255-6263 Chemical denotes linalool MESH:C018584
124 6265-6273 Chemical denotes limonene MESH:D000077222
125 6275-6282 Chemical denotes CI42090 MESH:C006796
126 6313-6320 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
127 6322-6327 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
128 6381-6389 Chemical denotes carbomer MESH:C479038
129 6391-6407 Chemical denotes propylene glycol MESH:D019946
130 6409-6424 Chemical denotes triethanolamine MESH:C009546
131 6426-6456 Chemical denotes PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil
132 6458-6466 Chemical denotes limonene MESH:D000077222
133 6468-6483 Chemical denotes sodium benzoate MESH:D020160
134 6485-6502 Chemical denotes potassium sorbate MESH:D013011
135 6504-6515 Chemical denotes citric acid MESH:D019343
137 5607-5614 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
140 6549-6556 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
141 6562-6563 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
143 6675-6683 Chemical denotes Alcohols MESH:D000438
146 5195-5202 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
147 5386-5393 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
152 6839-6846 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
153 6957-6969 Chemical denotes polyacrylate
154 7244-7252 Chemical denotes silicone MESH:D012828
155 6916-6923 CellLine denotes HS-SPME CVCL:W404
158 8154-8160 Chemical denotes helium MESH:D006371
159 7745-7748 Disease denotes FID
165 8370-8377 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
166 8457-8464 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
167 8518-8531 Chemical denotes Carbopol® 974
168 8562-8577 Chemical denotes hydro-alcoholic
169 8691-8706 Chemical denotes triethanolamine MESH:C009546
176 8807-8828 Species denotes Staphylococcus aureus Tax:1280
177 8882-8898 Species denotes Escherichia coli Tax:562
178 9564-9568 Chemical denotes Agar MESH:D000362
179 9069-9077 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
180 9206-9214 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
181 9296-9304 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
183 10611-10618 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
191 11893-11900 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
192 11950-11958 Chemical denotes Carbopol MESH:C006912
193 12011-12018 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
194 12043-12050 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
195 12195-12202 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
196 11800-11803 Disease denotes FID
197 12076-12079 Disease denotes FID
209 10770-10777 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
210 10835-10842 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
211 11134-11141 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
212 11260-11267 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
213 11273-11274 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
214 11336-11337 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
215 11363-11364 Chemical denotes w MESH:D014414
216 11576-11583 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
217 11722-11730 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
218 10710-10713 Disease denotes FID
219 10679-10686 CellLine denotes HS-SPME CVCL:W404
222 13757-13764 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
223 13769-13778 Species denotes S. aureus Tax:1280
232 12613-12622 Species denotes S. aureus Tax:1280
233 12627-12634 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
234 12709-12718 Species denotes S. aureus Tax:1280
235 12841-12848 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
236 13046-13055 Species denotes S. aureus Tax:1280
237 13250-13257 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
238 13443-13452 Species denotes S. aureus Tax:1280
239 13584-13591 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
242 14143-14160 Chemical denotes isopropyl alcohol MESH:D019840
243 14190-14197 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
252 14399-14406 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
253 14489-14496 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
254 14566-14573 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
255 14598-14605 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
256 14648-14655 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
257 14746-14753 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
258 14895-14902 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
259 15142-15149 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
263 15676-15683 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
264 15779-15787 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
265 15926-15934 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
270 16386-16394 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
271 16409-16417 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
272 16568-16576 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
273 16605-16613 Chemical denotes methanol MESH:D000432
283 16729-16739 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
284 18227-18237 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
285 17271-17278 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
286 17521-17534 Chemical denotes organic acids
287 17588-17599 Chemical denotes citric acid MESH:D019343
288 17668-17675 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
289 17789-17796 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
290 17890-17897 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
291 18005-18012 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
294 18858-18865 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
295 18953-18962 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
300 19229-19236 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
301 19331-19338 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
302 19050-19058 Disease denotes CoViD-19 MESH:C000657245
303 19115-19124 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1041-1052 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T2 3409-3419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T3 5647-5657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes Regulation
T4 14318-14329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T5 14958-14969 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T6 15193-15204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T7 19520-19531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-53 Sentence denotes Analysis of Commercial Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19:
T2 54-95 Sentence denotes Are We Getting the Products that We Need?
T3 97-105 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 106-198 Sentence denotes The CoViD-19 pandemic has caused a sudden spike in demand and production of hand sanitisers.
T5 199-313 Sentence denotes Concerns are rising regarding the quality of such products, as the safeguard of consumers is a priority worldwide.
T6 314-479 Sentence denotes We analyse here the ethanolic content of seven off-the-shelf hand sanitiser gels (two biocides and five cosmetics) from the Italian market, using gas chromatography.
T7 480-565 Sentence denotes The WHO recommends that products containing ethanol should have 60–95% (v/v) alcohol.
T8 566-733 Sentence denotes Four of the tested hand gels have ethanolic contents within the recommended range, while three products (all cosmetics) contain < 60% (v/v), i.e. 52.1% (w/w), ethanol.
T9 734-802 Sentence denotes The product with the lowest alcoholic content has 37.1% w/w ethanol.
T10 803-861 Sentence denotes Toxic methanol is not found in any of the hand sanitisers.
T11 862-979 Sentence denotes We show, in addition, that products with the highest ethanolic content have generally greater antibacterial activity.
T12 980-1166 Sentence denotes In conclusion, all tested products are complying with the EU regulations, as the three “substandard” products are classified as cosmetics, whose purpose is cleaning and not disinfecting.
T13 1167-1278 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, if such hand cleaners were inappropriately used as hand disinfectants, they might be ineffective.
T14 1279-1389 Sentence denotes Thus, consumer safety relays on awareness and ability to distinguish between biocidal and cosmetics hand gels.
T15 1390-1576 Sentence denotes The obtained results might sensitise the scientific community, health agencies and ultimately consumers towards the risks of using hand sanitisers of substandard alcoholic concentration.
T16 1577-1783 Sentence denotes If the wrong product is chosen by consumers, public health can be compromised by the inappropriate use of “low-dosed” cosmetic gels as disinfectants, particularly during the period of the CoViD-19 pandemic.
T17 1785-1818 Sentence denotes Electronic supplementary material
T18 1819-1955 Sentence denotes The online version of this article (10.1208/s12249-020-01818-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
T19 1957-1969 Sentence denotes INTRODUCTION
T20 1970-2113 Sentence denotes At the beginning of 2020, a new coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2, has started to spread worldwide leading to the so-called CoViD-19 pandemic (1).
T21 2114-2276 Sentence denotes Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is an air-born pathogen but can also spread through surfaces, hand sanitisation has become a primary infection prevention measure (2).
T22 2277-2499 Sentence denotes As health agencies around the world have started to recommend the use of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs), the demand and sale of such products skyrocketed, leading to sudden shortages of this commodity in most markets (3).
T23 2500-2639 Sentence denotes In Europe, many businesses have increased their production of ABHRs, while others have even shifted their manufacturing lines to ABHRs (4).
T24 2640-2765 Sentence denotes In this run to produce hand sanitisers, the risk of substandard products being introduced into the market could be a reality.
T25 2766-3032 Sentence denotes The European Community (EC) stated that “a steep increase in the submission to the Cosmetics Product Notification Portal” was notified to the EC, urging the issue of a clear guidance on legislation for production of leave-on hand cleaners and hand disinfectants (4).
T26 3033-3190 Sentence denotes It is emphasised in this guidance that hand sanitisers aiming at protecting public health by disinfecting should follow the legislation of biocidal products.
T27 3191-3264 Sentence denotes Cosmetic hand sanitisers are instead supposed to clean and not disinfect.
T28 3265-3420 Sentence denotes Thus, companies must be aware that “hand disinfectants” are subject to rules established under the biocidal products—and not cosmetics products—regulation.
T29 3421-3531 Sentence denotes Individuals from the general public are unlikely to distinguish between cosmetic and biocidal hand sanitisers.
T30 3532-3665 Sentence denotes If a cosmetic ABHR is used improperly for the purpose of disinfection, then this product becomes, practically, a substandard product.
T31 3666-3728 Sentence denotes Disinfection in ABHRs is dependent on alcoholic concentration.
T32 3729-3819 Sentence denotes Health agencies recommend that hand disinfectants must contain 60–95% (v/v) ethanol (5–7).
T33 3820-4175 Sentence denotes Keeping this alcoholic range as the reference concentration to ensure disinfection efficacy there is a risk that cosmetic products, which are not disinfectants but might be improperly used as disinfectants, do not need to have the alcoholic concentration stated in the label and could contain ethanol in concentrations lower than the aforementioned range.
T34 4176-4260 Sentence denotes In this case, the product may not be effective in killing pathogenic microorganisms.
T35 4261-4417 Sentence denotes We reached this conclusion in our recently published review on hand sanitisers (3), provoking further questions that inspired the current original research.
T36 4418-4675 Sentence denotes These new questions that we address here are as follows: (i) do biocidal hand sanitisers contain as much ethanol as stated in the label? and (ii) what is the actual ethanolic content in cosmetic hand sanitisers (being not mandatorily reported in the label)?
T37 4676-4781 Sentence denotes Is the ethanolic content within or below the range recommended by health agencies to ensure disinfection?
T38 4782-5045 Sentence denotes In view to ultimately safeguard consumers, we probe here the concentration of ethanol in seven commercial ethanol-based hand sanitiser gels purchased in the Italian market, two biocides and five cosmetic products, comparing the obtained results with label claims.
T39 5046-5156 Sentence denotes We also assess their antibacterial properties as a preliminary result of their potential disinfection ability.
T40 5158-5179 Sentence denotes MATERIALS AND METHODS
T41 5181-5190 Sentence denotes Materials
T42 5191-5295 Sentence denotes The ethanol concentration (% w/w) and the antimicrobial activity of seven different ABHRs was evaluated.
T43 5296-5423 Sentence denotes The composition (according to label claims) and regulatory classification of the analysed alcohol gels are reported in Table I.
T44 5424-5536 Sentence denotes All products were purchased from a local pharmacy, except for Gel 4, which was purchased in a local supermarket.
T45 5537-5619 Sentence denotes Table I The composition and regulatory classification of the analysed alcohol gels
T46 5620-5657 Sentence denotes Entry Composition Ethanol* Regulation
T47 5658-5713 Sentence denotes Gel 1 Ethanol** 66 g; excipients and water up to 100 g.
T48 5714-5726 Sentence denotes 66% Cosmetic
T49 5727-5786 Sentence denotes Gel 2 Ethanol (96%) 74 g; excipients and water up to 100 g.
T50 5787-5798 Sentence denotes 74% Biocide
T51 5799-5918 Sentence denotes Gel 3 Alcohol; water; isopropyl alcohol; glycerin; Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose; Aloe barbadensis leaf juice; parfum.
T52 5919-5934 Sentence denotes N/R*** Cosmetic
T53 5935-6036 Sentence denotes Gel 4 Water; Denatured alcohol; glycerin; parfum; carbomer; limonene; linalool; aminomethyl propanol.
T54 6037-6049 Sentence denotes N/R Cosmetic
T55 6050-6103 Sentence denotes Gel 5 Ethanol 70 g; excipients and water up to 100 g.
T56 6104-6115 Sentence denotes 70% Biocide
T57 6116-6283 Sentence denotes Gel 6 Denatured alcohol; water; propylene glycol; carbomer, glycerin; sodium hydroxide; citral; citronellol; geraniol; hydroxycitronellal; linalool, limonene; CI42090.
T58 6284-6296 Sentence denotes N/R Cosmetic
T59 6297-6516 Sentence denotes Gel 7 Denatured alcohol; water; aloe barbadensis leaf juice; citrus lemon peel oil; carbomer; propylene glycol; triethanolamine; PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, limonene; sodium benzoate; potassium sorbate; citric acid.
T60 6517-6529 Sentence denotes 60% Cosmetic
T61 6530-6672 Sentence denotes *The percentage of ethanol is w/w for the products authorised as biocide, while the unit is unknown, since not reported, for the cosmetic ones
T62 6673-6776 Sentence denotes **Alcohols, as well as other ingredients with potential antimicrobial activity, are highlighted in bold
T63 6777-6796 Sentence denotes ***N/R not reported
T64 6798-6838 Sentence denotes Determination of Ethanolic Concentration
T65 6839-7006 Sentence denotes Ethanol was extracted from samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using a fibre coated with 85-μm polyacrylate film (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA).
T66 7007-7092 Sentence denotes Before use, the fibre was conditioned following the instructions of the manufacturer.
T67 7093-7260 Sentence denotes An aliquot (500 mg) of each sanitising gel sample (1–7) and calibration standards was transferred to an 8-ml screw-capped amber vial with a PTFE-lined silicone septum.
T68 7261-7329 Sentence denotes The vial was thermostated for 1 min at 30 °C before SPME extraction.
T69 7330-7493 Sentence denotes The SPME fibre was inserted into the headspace of the vial through the septum on the screw cap, then it was exposed to the headspace of the vial for 20 s at 35 °C.
T70 7494-7632 Sentence denotes After the extraction, SPME fibre was removed from the vial and inserted into the gas chromatograph (GC) injection system for the analysis.
T71 7633-7759 Sentence denotes A DANI 1000 DPC (Norwalk, CT, USA) GC provided with a split-splitless injector and a flame ionisation detector (FID) was used.
T72 7760-7834 Sentence denotes The injector was set in splitless mode for 5 min and maintained at 250 °C.
T73 7835-7993 Sentence denotes A fused silica capillary column, Supelcowax-10 (60 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm f.t.; Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA), was used for the chromatographic separation.
T74 7994-8096 Sentence denotes The initial oven temperature, 65 °C, was raised at 6°C/min to 155 °C, and then at 20 °C/min to 250 °C.
T75 8097-8133 Sentence denotes The detector temperature was 260 °C.
T76 8134-8190 Sentence denotes The carrier gas was helium with a flow rate of 1 ml/min.
T77 8191-8312 Sentence denotes The chromatograms were acquired and processed using Clarity integration software (DataApex Ltd., Prague, Czech Republic).
T78 8313-8478 Sentence denotes The external calibration curve for the quantification of ethanol was obtained by analysing standard gel samples at a different concentration of ethanol (40–70% w/w).
T79 8479-8601 Sentence denotes These gels were prepared by dispersing Carbopol® 974 (1% w/w) to the corresponding hydro-alcoholic mixture under stirring.
T80 8602-8707 Sentence denotes The dispersions were left under stirring for 24 h and, then pH was adjusted to 7.0 using triethanolamine.
T81 8709-8727 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial Test
T82 8728-8806 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial activity was tested against two different bacterial strains:
T83 8807-8917 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 for gram positive and a clinical isolated Escherichia coli for gram negative.
T84 8918-9004 Sentence denotes Each strain was grown aerobically in Nutrient Broth (NB; Oxoid, UK) at 37 °C for 24 h.
T85 9005-9348 Sentence denotes A preliminary assay was prepared in order to assess (i) the non-toxicity of the liquid culture media used for dilutions (maximum recovery diluent, MRD, Oxoid, UK) of bacterial suspension, (ii) the non-toxicity of the neutraliser (D/E Neutralising Broth; Liofilchem, Italy) and (iii) the non-toxicity of the different gels after neutralisation.
T86 9349-9467 Sentence denotes In order to do so, bacterial suspensions and the different diluents were left in contact at 37 °C for the test period.
T87 9468-9617 Sentence denotes After this, decimal dilutions were performed, samples were inoculated in triplicate on Nutrient Agar (NA; Oxoid, UK) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
T88 9618-9688 Sentence denotes Counting was performed and the total viable cell count was calculated.
T89 9689-9945 Sentence denotes Vitality reduction activity was tested according to the BS EN 1040:2005 (European Committee for Standardization [ECS], 2005) as modified by Grispoldi et al. (8), using the tested neutraliser to stop the antibacterial activity of the gels at any given time.
T90 9946-10121 Sentence denotes For the assay, sterile tubes were prepared with solutions of bacterial suspension and the hand sanitisers were diluted to different v/v concentrations (33%, 50%, 66% and 75%).
T91 10122-10188 Sentence denotes The solution was left in contact with the diluted ABHRs for 8 min.
T92 10189-10243 Sentence denotes Then, the appropriate volume of neutraliser was added.
T93 10244-10301 Sentence denotes After 5 min, the mixture decimal dilutions were prepared.
T94 10302-10378 Sentence denotes Samples were inoculated in triplicate on NA and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
T95 10379-10449 Sentence denotes Counting was performed and the total viable cell count was calculated.
T96 10450-10600 Sentence denotes Only the plates showing a number of colonies included in a 1.5 102–3.0 103 (maximum deviation of 10%) were used to perform the result calculation (9).
T97 10602-10609 Sentence denotes RESULTS
T98 10611-10640 Sentence denotes Ethanol Content Determination
T99 10641-10812 Sentence denotes A simple and rapid analytical method, HS-SPME in combination with GC/FID, has been used for the extraction and quantification of ethanol in commercial hand sanitiser gels.
T100 10813-10938 Sentence denotes The quantification of ethanol has been successfully performed by external standard method, with good precision and linearity.
T101 10939-11238 Sentence denotes Values of inter-assay coefficients of variation lower than 7.8% indicate that the technique is reproducible, while the calibration curve prepared by analysing standard gels with known content of ethanol shows linear relationship with highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation (r = 0.9971) (Fig. 1a).
T102 11239-11373 Sentence denotes The concentration of ethanol (% w/w) in the tested hand sanitiser gels ranges from 37.1 ± 1.9% w/w (gel 6) to 66.1 ± 2.0% w/w (gel 5).
T103 11374-11563 Sentence denotes Three gels (gels 3, 4 and 6) have an average ethanolic content below the lower limit (60% v/v, i.e. 52.1% w/w) of the WHO recommended range (5), while four are within the recommended range.
T104 11564-11645 Sentence denotes The highest ethanol concentration (≥ 60% w/w) was determined for gels 1, 2 and 5.
T105 11646-11718 Sentence denotes Among these, gel 2 and gel 5 are those authorised as biocides (Table I).
T106 11719-11789 Sentence denotes No methanol was detected in any of the analysed gels (data not shown).
T107 11790-11901 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 GC/FID analysis of ethanolic content in the gels. a Calibration curve for the quantification of ethanol.
T108 11902-12122 Sentence denotes The calibration curve was prepared by analysing Carbopol® gels with a standard concentration (40–70% w/w) of ethanol. b The concentration of ethanol (% w/w) determined by GC/FID in the analysed hand sanitiser gels (1–7).
T109 12123-12287 Sentence denotes The red line indicates the lower limit of the range of concentration of ethanol recommended by the WHO for hand sanitisers. “*” indicates products that are biocides
T110 12289-12329 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial Activity of Alcoholic Gels
T111 12330-12494 Sentence denotes After validation of the antimicrobial assay (for more information, see the supporting information), the antibacterial efficacy of the commercial gels was evaluated.
T112 12495-12654 Sentence denotes The bactericidal activity of dilutions (from 33% v/v to 75% v/v) of the seven commercial gels upon 8 min contact with S. aureus and E. coli is shown in Fig. 2.
T113 12655-12982 Sentence denotes At a concentration of 33% v/v, vitality reduction for S. aureus ranged between 0.25 cfu ml−1 (gel 4) and 4.91 cfu ml−1 (gel 2); the total viable cell count at the same concentration for E. coli was 0 for gel 2 and 7, while the vitality reduction ranged between 0.2 cfu ml−1 (gel 1) and 0.46 cfu ml−1 (gel 5) for the other gels.
T114 12983-13375 Sentence denotes At a concentration of 50% v/v, the total viable cell count for S. aureus was 0 for gel 2 and 7, while the vitality reduction ranged between 0.24 cfu ml−1 (gel 3) and 7.53 cfu ml−1 (gel 5) for the other gels; at the same concentration, the total viable cell count for E. coli was 0 for gels 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7, while the vitality reduction was 0.5 cfu ml−1 for gel 3 and 8.11 cfu ml−1 for gel 5.
T115 13376-13592 Sentence denotes At a concentration of 66% v/v, viable cells were observed only for S. aureus in gels 3 and 4, while no viable cells were counted for the other gels; no viable cells were counted at the same concentration for E. coli.
T116 13593-13693 Sentence denotes At a concentration of 75% v/v, a complete reduction was observed for all the gels for both bacteria.
T117 13694-13845 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Vitality reduction (Log cfu/ml) for the model bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) after contact with diluted (33–75% v/v) hand sanitiser gel (1–7).
T118 13846-13906 Sentence denotes MRD is the maximum recovery diluent used as negative control
T119 13908-13918 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION
T120 13919-14087 Sentence denotes The result of our analysis reveals that three of the seven ABHRs tested have ethanolic content below the range recommended by regulatory agencies (60 to 95% v/v) (5–7).
T121 14088-14310 Sentence denotes However, one of these gels, i.e. gel 3, contains, also isopropyl alcohol (Table I) in addition to 52% ethanol; thus, the overall alcoholic content of this product is likely to be within the expected range for disinfection.
T122 14311-14438 Sentence denotes The EU regulations for biocides (10) require that the concentration of the active (e.g. ethanol) should be stated in the label.
T123 14439-14676 Sentence denotes Of the two tested biocides, gel 5 has ≈ 66% (w/w) ethanol, against a label claim of 70% (w/w), and gel 2 contained ≈ 64% (w/w) ethanol, against 74% (w/w; with ethanol 96%, corresponding to ≈ 71% with absolute ethanol) of the label claim.
T124 14677-14811 Sentence denotes Despite some discrepancy with the label claim, both biocides contain alcohol well within the range recommended by the health agencies.
T125 14812-14954 Sentence denotes On the other hand, products containing “substandard” (< 60% v/v) concentrations of ethanol, i.e. gels 3, 4 and 6, are all cosmetics (Table I).
T126 14955-15150 Sentence denotes EU regulations on cosmetics require that all ingredients should be reported in the label (11), in descending order of weight, while there is no requirement to report the concentration of alcohol.
T127 15151-15205 Sentence denotes Thus, also gels 3, 4 and 6 comply with EU regulations.
T128 15206-15324 Sentence denotes Such products are, however, cosmetics to be used solely for cleansing purposes and not suitable for hand disinfection.
T129 15325-15529 Sentence denotes A question arises to whether consumers would be able to distinguish between two basically identical hand product types, which are biocidal hand gels and cosmetics hand gels (differing only for the label).
T130 15530-15797 Sentence denotes Most probably many consumers are unable to choose the right product for the right purpose, with high chance that “under-dosed” (i.e. < 60% v/v of ethanol) cosmetic gels are improperly used by individuals who intend to disinfect their hands amid the CoViD-19 pandemic.
T131 15798-15949 Sentence denotes This risk that cosmetic hand sanitisers might be sold and used inappropriately in place of disinfectants is not remote amid the CoViD-19 health crisis.
T132 15950-16171 Sentence denotes Indeed, in April 2020, after witnessing a sharp increase in the submissions to the Cosmetics Product Notification Portal, a clarification for economic operators was deemed “urgently needed” by the European Commission (4).
T133 16172-16314 Sentence denotes The “Guidance on the applicable legislation for leave-on hand cleaners and hand disinfectants (gel, solution, etc.)” was thus promptly issued.
T134 16315-16395 Sentence denotes It is worth noting that none of the ABHRs tested contains any trace of methanol.
T135 16396-16577 Sentence denotes The issue of methanol contamination in ABHRs has been recently raised by the US FDA, which has issued a list of nearly 90 “do-not-use” dangerous hand sanitisers containing methanol.
T136 16578-16652 Sentence denotes Among the tested products, methanol content ranged between 1 and 80% (12).
T137 16653-16878 Sentence denotes Given the stringent safety measures and difficulty in sourcing and handling SARS-CoV-2 virus, the antibacterial test of Fig. 2 aimed to provide some preliminary results on the intrinsic disinfection power of the tested ABHRs.
T138 16879-16987 Sentence denotes It is worth noting that to better discriminate on the antibacterial activity, hand gels were tested diluted.
T139 16988-17132 Sentence denotes In agreement with their high ethanolic content and regulatory classification, both biocides (gels 2 and 5) elicit strong antibacterial activity.
T140 17133-17279 Sentence denotes Among the five cosmetics, the antibacterial activity is variable between products and not always directly related to the concentration of ethanol.
T141 17280-17407 Sentence denotes For example, gel 7, which ranks fourth out of the seven gels in terms of ethanolic content, showed strong antibacterial effect.
T142 17408-17573 Sentence denotes This can possibly be attributed to the presence of other ingredients in the formulations (e.g. preservatives and organic acids) that can have antimicrobial activity.
T143 17574-17747 Sentence denotes For instance, citric acid (present in gel 7) can substantially increase viricidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitisers (13) and it has also antibacterial activity (14).
T144 17748-17906 Sentence denotes Overall, although ingredients other than alcohol can have an adjuvant antimicrobial effect, safe hand disinfection should rely exclusively on alcohol content.
T145 17907-18017 Sentence denotes Health agencies discourage the use of all products other than those containing at least 60% (v/v) alcohol (5).
T146 18018-18190 Sentence denotes Scientists, as well, suggest not adding bactericidal agents to ABHRs as they do not add clear benefits (15), while some may increase the risk of antibiotic resistance (16).
T147 18191-18428 Sentence denotes If and once virus-like particles of SARS-CoV-2 will be ready available, future experimental work shall focus on the evaluation of the stability of these non-infectious viral mimics upon exposure to biocidal and cosmetics hand sanitisers.
T148 18429-18608 Sentence denotes In conclusion, we propose to answer the provocative question raised in the title of this article, i.e. to whether the hand sanitisers available in the market fulfil quality needs.
T149 18609-18755 Sentence denotes We demonstrated that:The tested products fulfil the regulatory requirements specific to the class to which they belong (i.e. biocide or cosmetic).
T150 18756-19031 Sentence denotes Yet, some cosmetic hand sanitisers, which alcoholic concentration is not stated in the label, contain ethanol (e.g. ≈ 40%) well below the range of concentrations recommended by health agencies for infection prevention, thus following below expected standards of disinfection.
T151 19032-19251 Sentence denotes In the era of the CoViD-19 pandemic, when hand disinfection is deemed as a crucial infection prevention measure (3), having off-the-shelf cosmetic hand gels with sub-disinfecting concentrations of ethanol is concerning.
T152 19252-19394 Sentence denotes How many from the general public are inadvertently using gels containing ≈ 40% ethanol as those tested here, expecting efficient disinfection?
T153 19395-19532 Sentence denotes Such problem could perhaps be mitigated by awareness campaigns, appropriate pharmacists counselling and revisions of current regulations.
T154 19533-19713 Sentence denotes A system could be introduced to require manufacturers of cosmetic ABHRs to add, for example, an extra label which states “not for disinfection” in a large and easily readable size.
T155 19715-19748 Sentence denotes Electronic Supplementary Material
T156 19750-19768 Sentence denotes ESM 1 (DOCX 17 kb)
T157 19770-19832 Sentence denotes Alberto Berardi and Beniamino Cenci-Goga are co-first authors.
T158 19833-19849 Sentence denotes Publisher’s Note
T159 19850-19968 Sentence denotes Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
T160 19970-19986 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T161 19987-20017 Sentence denotes AB is grateful to Dr. Hamid A.
T162 20018-20079 Sentence denotes Merchant for sparking the motivation to develop this project.

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
33063151-31978945-27350 2110-2111 31978945 denotes 1
33063151-32461194-27351 2496-2497 32461194 denotes 3
33063151-32461194-27352 4341-4342 32461194 denotes 3
33063151-23212017-27353 10597-10598 23212017 denotes 9
33063151-28882643-27354 17699-17701 28882643 denotes 13
33063151-32273009-27355 17743-17745 32273009 denotes 14
33063151-27912980-27356 18122-18124 27912980 denotes 15
33063151-32461194-27357 19145-19146 32461194 denotes 3