PMC:7290137 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":4950,"end":4957},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG"}],"text":"Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1553},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003094"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":4742,"end":4753},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016791"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":5280,"end":5301},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003094"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":5312,"end":5324},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":5337,"end":5351},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002524"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":6235,"end":6244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042697"}],"text":"Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

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and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":328,"end":337},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":894,"end":903},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":956,"end":976},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1014,"end":1021},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1520},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1724},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1779,"end":1800},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":4625,"end":4640},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":5337,"end":5351},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":5425,"end":5434},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":5474,"end":5483},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012418"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000083"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011877"},{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115"}],"text":"Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II)\nObjectives\nTo assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.\nTrial design\nThis is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.\nParticipants\nTwenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. Inclusion Criteria: hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below:\nAdults aged 18-65 years;\nVoluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the “informed consent form” or have consent from a legal representative.\nDiagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate \u003e 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation \u003c 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration \u003c 300 mmHg).\nCOVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image.\nExclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria.\nPatients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;\nPatients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score \u003e=C or AST\u003e 5 times of the upper limit);\nPatients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003c=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;\nPatients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;\nFemale patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;\nPregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;\nPatients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;\nOther conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.\nIntervention and comparator\nThere will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19.\nThe experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7;\nThe control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days.\nClinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study.\nMain outcomes\n1. Primary outcome\nThe primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo).\nSix grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death.\nAbbreviations: NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation.\n2. Secondary outcomes\n2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h ± 30min, 24h ± 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 ± 3 days.\n2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets;\n2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA);\n2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.7 Immunological testing:\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry.\nCollect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses.\nCollect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE;\nCollect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10).\n2.8 Pregnancy test: blood β-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 ± 3.\n2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus;\n2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h ± 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge).\nRandomization\nBlock randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1.\nBlinding (masking)\nParticipants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded.\nInjections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient’s randomisation group.\nThe blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results.\nNumbers to be randomized (sample size)\nTwenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group).\nTrial Status\nProtocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020.\nPatients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. .\nTrial registration\nRegistration:\nWorld Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020.\nClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020\nOther Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020\nFull protocol\nThe full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}