Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T471 |
0-71 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In most studies, whole royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis were used. |
T472 |
72-297 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, these products appeared in different forms e.g., neat vs processed bee pollen [90], water [109] vs ethanolic extracts [110] of propolis, lyophilized [98,99] and crude [97] vs enzyme-treated [59,95,96,97] royal jelly. |
T473 |
298-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Both processed bee pollen [36] and pRJ [97,106] had better effects compared with crude bee pollen and royal jelly. |
T474 |
413-676 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, a large group of constituents of royal jelly and propolis were used such as 10-HDA [54,106], CAPE [69,101,102,103], artepillin C, coumaric acid, kaempferide [70], boropinic acid, 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene [69]. |
T475 |
677-755 |
Sentence |
denotes |
10-HDA was the only element in royal jelly that was tested in skeletal muscle. |
T476 |
756-814 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It enhanced glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation [106]. |
T477 |
815-975 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It also restored body weight, restored skeletal muscle mass (only in males), and reduced fat mass (only in females) in aged rats undergoing chronic stress [54]. |
T478 |
976-1215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CAPE is one of the most investigated compounds in propolis: it enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake [111], inhibited cytokine and ROS production, prevented protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and muscle proteolysis [101,102,103]. |
T479 |
1216-1363 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effects of whole ethanolic extracts of propolis and CAPE on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle were comparable to those of insulin [69,109,111]. |
T480 |
1364-1615 |
Sentence |
denotes |
More, investigations of the effect of flavonoids and oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids abundant in ethanolic extracts of propolis on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle revealed superior effects of kaempferide [70], 4-geranyloxyferulic acid, and auraptene. |
T481 |
1616-1790 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among 5 oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids derived from propolis, auraptene most potently activated GLUT4 translocation and accelerated glucose influx into skeletal muscle cells. |
T482 |
1791-1958 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Measurement of the incorporated amounts of these compounds into myotubes indicated that auraptene had the highest bioavailability among other effective compounds [69]. |