LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7551987 / 12939-16354 JSONTXT 3 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T86 0-4 Sentence denotes 2.5.
T87 5-25 Sentence denotes Virulence Definition
T88 26-96 Sentence denotes In this study, we define virulence as the capacity to cause a disease.
T89 97-283 Sentence denotes In order to measure it, we utilize a set of parameters that uniformly increase the rate or probability of causing symptomatic disease or the severity of those symptoms (including death).
T90 284-584 Sentence denotes Our definition is more comprehensive than many other models of parasite virulence (e.g., [4,13]), which tend to focus on a single aspect of the natural history of disease associated with harm to a host (e.g., the fitness consequences of an infection on the host population or the case fatality rate).
T91 585-836 Sentence denotes Instead of having to justify a definition built around a single term (e.g., the term associated with fatality), we took a collective approach to defining virulence through all terms that foment the viral-induced onset of symptomatic disease and death.
T92 837-1004 Sentence denotes This definition allows for the reality of pleiotropic effects in viral pathogens, where adaptations can have multiple effects on the natural history of disease [2,33].
T93 1005-1110 Sentence denotes Our definition of virulence emphasizes terms that influence host wellness and/or are symptoms of disease.
T94 1111-1285 Sentence denotes The iteration of virulence used in this study also undermines the potential for overly weighting only one or a small number of parameters under a large umbrella of virulence.
T95 1286-1593 Sentence denotes Because so many varying definitions exist for virulence, we have also performed calculations according to a different definition of virulence, one that exclusively considers terms that have a detrimental direct effect on the host and neither of the terms that reflect symptoms of severe disease (𝜎a and 𝜎I).
T96 1594-1657 Sentence denotes These calculations can be found in the Supplementary Materials.
T97 1658-2656 Sentence denotes The collection of parameters that we use to define virulence are as follows: the infected population death rate (𝜇I), the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 (𝜂), the rate of transfer from asymptomatic to symptomatic (1/⍵), the infected population recovery rate (ν), the percent of individuals that move from the asymptomatic to the recovered compartment without showing symptoms (the “mild” recovery track, p), the contact rate of people with people × the transmission probability of people to people by an asymptomatic individual (βA), the contact rate of people with people × the transmission probability of people to people by an asymptomatically infected person (βI), the contact rate of people with the environment × the probability of shedding by an asymptomatic individual to the environmental (𝜎A), the contact rate of people with the environment × the probability of symptomatically infected individuals shedding in the environment (𝜎I), and the average number of days before infection (1/ε).
T98 2657-2791 Sentence denotes Table 3 outlines the direction in which each of the virulence-associated parameters are modulated as virulence decreases or increases.
T99 2792-2907 Sentence denotes An up arrow (↑) indicates the parameter increases (by an equivalent percent) when the percent virulence is changed.
T100 2908-3034 Sentence denotes A down arrow (↓) indicates the parameter decreases (by an equivalent percent) when the percent change in virulence is applied.
T101 3035-3170 Sentence denotes Changes in virulence are then defined, in this study, as an equivalent uniform (percent) change in each of the parameters listed above.
T102 3171-3281 Sentence denotes For the purposes of our study, we modify virulence by changing all parameters associated with virulence by 5%.
T103 3282-3415 Sentence denotes One could also disambiguate virulence into changes in individual subcomponents; however, that is not the focus of this current study.