Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T400 |
0-42 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 6 Clinical effects induced by PUFAs. |
T401 |
43-126 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Intervention (n) Main anti-inflammatory findings Other relevant findings References |
T402 |
127-143 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Healthy subjects |
T403 |
144-215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4-month intervention:➢ 1.5 g fish oil (1042.5 mg EPA and 174 DHA daily) |
T404 |
216-267 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 2.5 g fish oil (2085 mg EPA and 348 mg DHA daily) |
T405 |
268-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 138 ↓TNF-α and ↓ IL-6 for both low and high dose groups ↓ n-6:n-3 ratio for both low and high dose groups Kiecolt-Glaser et al. (2012) |
T406 |
413-449 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6-week intervention:➢ 600 mg EPA/day |
T407 |
450-467 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 1800 mg EPA/day |
T408 |
468-484 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 600 mg DHA/day |
T409 |
485-655 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 121 No effect on hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and fibrinogen Only High dose EPA ↓ Lp-PLA2;DHA: ↓ TG; ↑ LDLNo effect of low dose EPA Asztalos et al. (2016) |
T410 |
656-777 |
Sentence |
denotes |
18-week intervention:1000 mg EPA + 400 mg DHA/day vs. placebo 261 No effect on serum CRP and IL-6 – Muldoon et al. (2016) |
T411 |
778-821 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5-month intervention:➢ 300 mg EPA + DHA/day |
T412 |
822-844 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 600 mg EPA + DHA/day |
T413 |
845-867 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 900 mg EPA + DHA/day |
T414 |
868-891 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 1800 mg EPA + DHA/day |
T415 |
892-1069 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 125 No significant effect on IL-6 or CPR;Marginal effect on TNF-α observed at the highest dose (1800 mg) Higher RBC DHA was associated with lower TNF-α concentrations. |
T416 |
1070-1089 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Flock et al. (2014) |
T417 |
1090-1188 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8-week intervention:2500 mg EPA + DHA/day vs. placebo 35 ↓IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα – Tan et al. (2018) |
T418 |
1189-1203 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Obese patients |
T419 |
1204-1256 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2-month intervention:➢ 460 mg EPA and 380 mg DHA/day |
T420 |
1257-1420 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ control (butter fat) 55 ↓IL-6↓ inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue↑release of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids in adipose tissue ↓TG Itariu et al. (2012) |
T421 |
1421-1442 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3-month intervention: |
T422 |
1443-1607 |
Sentence |
denotes |
360 mg EPA and 1290 mg DHA/day vs. placebo 59 ↓ VCAM-1; ↓ PECAM-1; ↓ hsCRP No effect on IL-6 ↓ TG; ↓insulin.No effect on TC, HDL, LDL, NEFA, FBG Polus et al. (2016) |
T423 |
1608-1646 |
Sentence |
denotes |
10-week intervention:➢ 2700 mg EPA/day |
T424 |
1647-1664 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 2700 mg DHA/day |
T425 |
1665-1855 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 154 ↓ IL-18 and ↑ adiponectin (DHA > EPA)No difference between EPA and DHA regarding effect on CRP, IL-6, TNFα ↓ TG; ↑ HDL (DHA > EPA)↑ LDL by DHA only in men Allaire et al. (2016) |
T426 |
1856-1894 |
Sentence |
denotes |
10-week intervention:➢ 2700 mg EPA/day |
T427 |
1895-1912 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 2700 mg DHA/day |
T428 |
1913-2071 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ control (corn oil) 154 EPA: ↑TRAF3 and PPARα expressionDHA: ↑ PPARα and TNFα expression both ↓CD14 expression No significant difference between EPA and DHA. |
T429 |
2072-2090 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Vors et al. (2017) |
T430 |
2091-2140 |
Sentence |
denotes |
12-week intervention:➢ LSM + 600 mg EPA + DHA/day |
T431 |
2141-2146 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ LSM |
T432 |
2147-2321 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 29 LSM & n-3 PUFA ↑ adiponectin in comparison to LSMNo effect on IL6 No effect on leptin, LIF, follistatin, BDNF, and fasting triacylglycerol Sedláček et al. (2018) |
T433 |
2322-2365 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hypertensive and/or diabetic obese patients |
T434 |
2366-2465 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8-week intervention:300 mg EPA + 200 mg DHA/day vs. control 64 ↓CRP ↓ FBG; ↓TG Ellulu et al. (2016) |
T435 |
2466-2502 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Impaired glucose metabolism patients |
T436 |
2503-2663 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6-month intervention:1800 mg EPA/day vs. placebo 107 ↓ CRP but similar effects in placebo ↑ HDL and ↓fasting TG; No effect on HbA1c and FBG Sawada et al. (2016) |
T437 |
2664-2810 |
Sentence |
denotes |
9-month intervention:2388 mg EPA +1530 mg DHA/day vs placebo 36 No effect in IL-1B, IL-6, hsCRP, ICAM and VCAM No effect on FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR. |
T438 |
2811-2830 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clark et al. (2016) |
T439 |
2831-2855 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
T440 |
2856-2877 |
Sentence |
denotes |
12-week intervention: |
T441 |
2878-3006 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4000 mg (42% EPA + 25%DHA)/day vs. placebo 91 No significant effect on CPR ↓ TG; No effect on LDL, HDL, HbA1c Wong et al. (2010) |
T442 |
3007-3028 |
Sentence |
denotes |
12-week intervention: |
T443 |
3029-3142 |
Sentence |
denotes |
900 mg EPA/day vs. placebo 24 No effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNFα ↑ HDL and ↑ total cholesterol Mocking et al. (2012) |
T444 |
3143-3163 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8-week intervention: |
T445 |
3164-3268 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2700 mg EPA + DHA/day 84 ↓ IL-2 and ↓ TNFαNo effect on CRP None tested Malekshahi Moghadam et al. (2012) |
T446 |
3269-3308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
12-weeks intervention:➢ 1000 mg EPA/day |
T447 |
3309-3326 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 1000 mg DHA/day |
T448 |
3327-3441 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 60 No effect on serum CRP and MDA No effect on body weight, BMI or fat mass Azizi-Soleiman et al. (2013) |
T449 |
3442-3507 |
Sentence |
denotes |
24-week intervention:➢ 2800 mg EPA + DHA + 15 mg pioglitazone/day |
T450 |
3508-3541 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 2800 mg EPA + DHA + placebo/day |
T451 |
3542-3565 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 5 mg pioglitazone/day |
T452 |
3566-3703 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 60 No effect on SOD, TBARS, GSSG/GSH ↑ HbA1c; ↑FBGNo effect on TG, TC, HDL, LDL, NEFA, Leptin, Adiponectin Veleba et al. (2015) |
T453 |
3704-3725 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3-month intervention: |
T454 |
3726-3906 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1000 mg EPA + 1000 mg DHA/day vs. placebo 74 No effect on hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 No effect on insulin, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels Poreba et al. (2017) |
T455 |
3907-3925 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Metabolic syndrome |
T456 |
3926-4001 |
Sentence |
denotes |
90-day intervention:➢ 1800 mg EPA+ 1200 mg DHA + 10 mL extra virgin oil/day |
T457 |
4002-4043 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 1800 mg EPA + 1200 mg DHA + placebo/day |
T458 |
4044-4072 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ 10 mL extra virgin oil/day |
T459 |
4073-4180 |
Sentence |
denotes |
➢ placebo 102 No effect on CPR No effect on TG, TC, HDL, LDL, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR Venturini et al. (2015) |
T460 |
4181-4207 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inflammatory bowel disease |
T461 |
4208-4228 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8-week intervention: |
T462 |
4229-4453 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3400–3600 mg n-3 PUFA (as salmon)/day 12 ↓ CPR, ↑ anti-inflammatory fatty acid indexNo effect TNF- α, MDA ↑ n-3 PUFAs,↑ n-3/n-6 ratio in plasma and rectal biopsies; No effect on the fecal calprotectine Grimstad et al. (2011) |
T463 |
4454-4474 |
Sentence |
denotes |
90-day intervention: |
T464 |
4475-4626 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2000 mg EPA/day 20 ↑ IL-10 expression; HES1, SOCS3, and KLF4 ↓ fecal calprotectinePartially redressed microbiota composition Prossomariti et al. (2017) |
T465 |
4627-4648 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6-month intervention: |
T466 |
4649-4739 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1000 mg EPA/day vs.placebo 60 No effect on CPR ↓ fecal calprotectine Scaioli et al. (2018) |
T467 |
4740-6039 |
Sentence |
denotes |
EPA – Eicosapentaenoic Acid; DHA – Docosahexaenoic Acid; PG – Prostaglandins; LTB – Leukotriene; TNF-α – Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha; IL – Interleukin; CRP – C-Reactive Protein; ICAM – Intercellular Adhesion Molecule; VCAM – Vascular Cell Adhesion molecule; hsCRP – high sensitive C reactive protein; IL1RN – interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; LSM – lifestyle modification; NF-κB – nuclear factor-kappa B); PPAR – peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TRAF3 – TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3; Lp-PLA2 – lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; PECAM – platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule; COX – cyclooxygenase; LOX – lypoooxigenase; TBARS –thiobarbituric acid substances; SOD – superoxide dismutase; GSH – glutathione peroxidase; MDA – malonyldialdehyde; HOMA-IR – homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; HES1 – transcription factor HES1; SOCCS3 – suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; KLF4 – Kruppel-like factor 4; HbA1c – Glycated haemoglobin; RBC – red blood cell; BDNF – Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CD14 – cluster of differentiation 14; NEFA – Non-esterified fatty acids; TC – total cholesterol; TG – Triglycerides; LDL – low-density lipoproteins; HDL – high-density lipoproteins; FBG – fasting blood glucose; LIF – leukocyte inhibitory factor. |