LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7212965 / 18465-23897 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T136 0-8 Sentence denotes Diarrhea
T137 9-481 Sentence denotes A total of 43 studies including 10,676 COVID-19 patients (confirmed by laboratory real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] testing) were included in the overall analysis.20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 47 , 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 , 58 , 59 , 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 , 73 , 76 The pooled prevalence of diarrhea symptoms across these studies was 7.7% (95% CI, 7.2%–8.2%).
T138 482-686 Sentence denotes When analyzing by country (studies from China vs studies from other countries), the pooled prevalence of diarrhea in studies from countries other than China was much higher at 18.3% (95% CI, 16.6%–20.1%).
T139 687-808 Sentence denotes This is in comparison to studies from China, where the prevalence was much lower at 5.8% (95% CI, 5.3%–6.4%) (Figure 1 ).
T140 809-876 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Forest plot of the prevalence of diarrhea in all patients.
T141 877-1726 Sentence denotes In hospitalized patients, across 39 studies including 8,521 patients, the pooled prevalence was slightly higher at 10.4% (95% CI, 9.4%–10.7%) compared with outpatients.20, 21, 22, 23 , 25, 26, 27, 28 , 30 , 33, 34, 35 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44, 45, 46 , 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 , 60 , 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 , 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 , 76 In 3 studies including 1701 outpatients, the pooled prevalence was 4.0% (95% CI, 3.1%–5.1%).31 , 59 , 63 As part of the sensitivity analysis, we identified 35 studies including 9717 patients that described diarrhea, and explicitly reported that it was one of the initial presenting symptoms.20, 21, 22, 23 , 26, 27, 28 , 31 , 33, 34, 35 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 , 60 , 63, 64, 65, 66 , 68, 69, 70, 71 , 74 , 76 The pooled prevalence in these studies was 7.9% (95% CI, 7.4%–8.6%).
T142 1727-2177 Sentence denotes A total of 33 studies including 8070 patients reported on hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting with diarrhea as one of the initial symptoms of COVID-19.20, 21, 22, 23 , 26, 27, 28 , 33, 34, 35 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 , 60 , 63, 64, 65, 66 , 68 , 70, 71, 72, 73 , 76 The pooled prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI, 8.6%–9.9%) (Supplementary Figure 3, Supplementary Figure 4, Supplementary Figure 5, Supplementary Figure 6).
T143 2179-2202 Sentence denotes Description of diarrhea
T144 2203-2552 Sentence denotes Only a handful of studies provided any details on the type and severity of diarrhea symptoms.55 , 60 , 74 In the study by Lin et al,55 23 of 95 patients (24%) reported having diarrhea (described as loose or watery stools, ranging from 2–10 bowel movements per day); however, only a small number of patients actually had diarrhea on admission (5.2%).
T145 2553-2682 Sentence denotes Most patients developed diarrhea during the hospitalization, which may have been attributable to other treatments or medications.
T146 2683-2816 Sentence denotes In the study by Jin et al60 of 651 hospitalized patients, 8.6% of patients had diarrhea on admission before receiving any treatments.
T147 2817-2890 Sentence denotes The diarrhea symptoms were described as more than 3 loose stools per day.
T148 2891-2970 Sentence denotes Stool cultures were negative (including Clostridium difficile) in all patients.
T149 2971-3012 Sentence denotes There was no mention of fecal leukocytes.
T150 3013-3311 Sentence denotes Median duration of symptoms was 4 days (range, 1–9 days) and most patients had self-limited diarrheal symptoms.60 One additional study on 175 hospitalized patients reported that 19.4% of patients had diarrhea, with an average of 6 episodes per day, with symptom duration ranging from 1 to 4 days.74
T151 3313-3397 Sentence denotes Diarrhea as the only presenting symptom in the absence of upper respiratory symptoms
T152 3398-3686 Sentence denotes In the 43 studies that informed our analysis on the prevalence of diarrhea, we extracted information on whether diarrhea was reported as the only presenting symptom.50 , 60 In only 2 studies, there was explicit reporting of diarrhea in the absence of upper respiratory infection symptoms.
T153 3687-3821 Sentence denotes In a study by Luo et al50 of 1141 patients, 183 patients (16%) presented with GI symptoms only in the absence of respiratory symptoms.
T154 3822-4000 Sentence denotes Of 1141 patients, loss of appetite (15.8%) and nausea or vomiting (11.7%) were the most common symptoms, but diarrhea was reported in 6.0% and abdominal pain in 3.9% of patients.
T155 4001-4091 Sentence denotes Notably, the majority of patients (96%) had lung infiltrates on chest computed tomography.
T156 4092-4364 Sentence denotes In the study by Jin et al60 of 651 hospitalized patients, 21 patients (3.2%) presented with GI symptoms only (and no respiratory symptoms of coughing or sputum production).60 GI symptoms were defined as at least 1 of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
T157 4365-4659 Sentence denotes Conversely, in the US study of 116 patients with COVID-19, Cholankeril et al70 reported that 31.9% of patients had GI symptoms on admission (median duration, 1 day); diarrhea was reported in 10.3% (12 of 116), nausea and/or vomiting in 10.3% (12 of 116), and abdominal pain in 8.8% (10 of 116).
T158 4660-4785 Sentence denotes The authors explicitly reported that none of the 116 patients had isolated GI symptoms as the only manifestation of COVID-19.
T159 4787-4863 Sentence denotes Diarrhea as the initial presenting symptom preceding other COVID-19 symptoms
T160 4864-5047 Sentence denotes Of the studies included in our review, based on our selection framework, we identified only 1 study that reported on timing of diarrhea in relation to other COVID-19–related symptoms.
T161 5048-5214 Sentence denotes In a study by Ai et al76 of 102 hospitalized patients, 15 patients reported diarrhea symptoms on hospital admission, and diarrhea was the first symptom in 2 patients.
T162 5215-5432 Sentence denotes In a study by Wang et al77 of 138 consecutive hospitalized patients, not included in our pooled analysis, a total of 14 patients presented with diarrhea and nausea 1–2 days before the development of fever and dyspnea.