LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7011107 / 740-6459 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T12 0-12 Sentence denotes INTRODUCTION
T13 13-281 Sentence denotes Several clusters of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China were reported to the Chinese health authorities starting on December 8, 2019, and most of these cases were epidemiologically linked to a local fish and animal market [1,2].
T14 282-406 Sentence denotes The pathogenic agent responsible for these clusters of pneumonia was identified as a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1].
T15 407-569 Sentence denotes At the very beginning of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China, much remained unknown, except for the fact that it was transmitted by direct exposure at the market [3].
T16 570-734 Sentence denotes However, person-to-person transmission of 2019-nCoV has been confirmed [4], and asymptomatic individuals have been identified as potential sources of infection [5].
T17 735-918 Sentence denotes The number of identified cases has been steadily growing, and as of February 3, a total of 14,557 cases had been reported globally (14,411 in China and 146 in 22 other countries) [6].
T18 919-1096 Sentence denotes Since the first laboratory-confirmed case was identified on January 20, 2020 in Korea, the number of reported cases grew to 15 as of February 3, 2020 (Figure 1 and Table 1) [7].
T19 1097-1350 Sentence denotes There remain considerable knowledge gaps on 2019-nCoV; therefore, the public health authorities in countries with any likelihood of experiencing imported cases of 2019-nCoV should update the case definition to reflect newly updated epidemiological data.
T20 1351-1530 Sentence denotes Herein, we present a review of the literature on the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with 2019-nCoV to provide an interim summary to public health authorities.
T21 1532-1553 Sentence denotes MATERIALS AND METHODS
T22 1554-1815 Sentence denotes We searched the literature for studies reporting epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, including the reproductive number, incubation period, serial interval, infectious period, generation time, latent period, and the fatality rate of hospitalized cases.
T23 1816-1985 Sentence denotes The Korean Society of Epidemiology 2019-nCoV Task Force Team (KSE 2019-nCoV TFT) searched for peer-reviewed articles published from December 8, 2019 to February 1, 2020.
T24 1986-2089 Sentence denotes Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported any epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV.
T25 2091-2107 Sentence denotes Ethics statement
T26 2108-2170 Sentence denotes The ethical approval or individual consent was not applicable.
T27 2172-2179 Sentence denotes RESULTS
T28 2180-2257 Sentence denotes Six articles were identified and included in this review (Table 2) [2,8-12] .
T29 2258-2324 Sentence denotes Four relevant studies estimated the reproductive number [8,10-12].
T30 2325-2462 Sentence denotes A study of confirmed cases from Wuhan, China estimated the reproductive number to be 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) [10].
T31 2463-2568 Sentence denotes Three other studies estimated the mean reproductive number as 0.3, 2.2, and 2.68, respectively [8,11,12].
T32 2569-2721 Sentence denotes A study reported the mean incubation period to be 6.1 days (95% CI, 3.8 to 9.7), and the mean serial interval to be 7.7 days (95% CI, 4.9 to 13.0) [10].
T33 2722-2811 Sentence denotes Two studies predicted the mean doubling time to be between 6.4 days and 8.7 days [10,11].
T34 2812-2894 Sentence denotes Three studies estimated the fatality rate of hospitalized cases as 14-15% [2,8,9].
T35 2895-2977 Sentence denotes We could not identify any studies that reported the infectious and latent periods.
T36 2979-2989 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION
T37 2990-3051 Sentence denotes We reviewed the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV.
T38 3052-3521 Sentence denotes The estimated reproductive number of 0.3 was obtained from a small number of infected persons with imperfect information in the very early stages of the outbreak [8]; therefore the reproductive number of 2019-nCoV is likely to be similar to that of the 2002/2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus during the pre-intervention period (range, 2 to 3) and that of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in the United States (range, 1.3 to 1.7) [13-15].
T39 3522-3674 Sentence denotes The incubation period is likely similar to that of the SARS coronavirus, but with a wider confidence interval (mean, 4.8 days; 95% CI, 4.2 to 5.5) [16].
T40 3675-3817 Sentence denotes Furthermore, it is longer than that of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus (median incubation period, 1.4 days; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8) [17].
T41 3818-4025 Sentence denotes Therefore, the evidence reviewed above shows that the current control measures for 2019-nCoV, including a quarantine and observation period of 14 days for suspected cases, can be considered appropriate [10].
T42 4026-4253 Sentence denotes The generation time and serial interval of 2019-nCoV are longer than those of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus (median generation time, 2.7 days; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.5; and mean serial interval: range, 2.6 to 3.2) [14,18].
T43 4254-4391 Sentence denotes However, the mean serial interval of 2019-nCoV is similar to that of the SARS coronavirus (mean, 8.4 days; standard deviation, 3.8) [19].
T44 4392-4590 Sentence denotes The overall case fatality rate of 2019-nCoV was estimated by international experts to range from 3% to 14% [15,20], and it is more likely to cause infection in older age groups with commodities [2].
T45 4591-4724 Sentence denotes Epidemiological parameters are usually obtained from a consecutive timeline of the number of reported cases and contact-tracing data.
T46 4725-4927 Sentence denotes However, most of the studies included in our review made estimates using data obtained from the early stages of the outbreak in Wuhan, in which the reporting of confirmed cases may have been incomplete.
T47 4928-5064 Sentence denotes Furthermore, differences in the simulation methodology used in various scenarios may result in a wide spectrum of estimated values [21].
T48 5065-5135 Sentence denotes Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting these reported results.
T49 5136-5229 Sentence denotes The number of confirmed cases is increasing in China and in other countries, including Korea.
T50 5230-5335 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the likelihood of local transmission is increasing as a result of cases entering from China.
T51 5336-5719 Sentence denotes In light of a report describing a case of human-to-human transmission in the asymptomatic period [5], it is necessary to consider updating the case definition for surveillance; however, more detailed studies presenting evidence on the epidemiological nature, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV are necessary to provide information for public health decision-making.