CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:a6d3a75a05c35723193e5240b3ebd2a01a77f4d2 JSONTXT 8 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-127 Sentence denotes First retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in Argentina
TextSentencer_T1 0-127 Sentence denotes First retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in Argentina
TextSentencer_T2 129-137 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 129-137 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 138-149 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T3 138-149 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T4 150-350 Sentence denotes In 2014, a notification of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was made by the National Services of Animal Health of Argentina (SENASA) to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE).
TextSentencer_T4 150-350 Sentence denotes In 2014, a notification of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was made by the National Services of Animal Health of Argentina (SENASA) to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE).
TextSentencer_T5 351-482 Sentence denotes The notification was based on a serological diagnosis in a small farm with a morbidity rate of 2.3% without enteric clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T5 351-482 Sentence denotes The notification was based on a serological diagnosis in a small farm with a morbidity rate of 2.3% without enteric clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T6 483-623 Sentence denotes In order to determine if TGEV was circulating before the official report, a retrospective study on cases of neonatal diarrhea was performed.
TextSentencer_T6 483-623 Sentence denotes In order to determine if TGEV was circulating before the official report, a retrospective study on cases of neonatal diarrhea was performed.
TextSentencer_T7 624-766 Sentence denotes The selection criteria was a sudden increase in mortality in 1-to 21-day-old piglets with watery diarrhea that did not respond to antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T7 624-766 Sentence denotes The selection criteria was a sudden increase in mortality in 1-to 21-day-old piglets with watery diarrhea that did not respond to antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T8 767-846 Sentence denotes Based on these criteria, three clinical cases were identified during 2010-2015.
TextSentencer_T8 767-846 Sentence denotes Based on these criteria, three clinical cases were identified during 2010-2015.
TextSentencer_T9 847-855 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T9 847-855 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T10 856-959 Sentence denotes All animals that were evaluated presented histological lesions consistent with enteric viral infection.
TextSentencer_T10 856-959 Sentence denotes All animals that were evaluated presented histological lesions consistent with enteric viral infection.
TextSentencer_T11 960-1232 Sentence denotes The feces and ultrathin sections of intestine that were evaluated by electron microscopy confirmed the presence of round particles of approximately 80 nm in size and characterized by finely granular electrodense nucleoids consistent with complete particles of coronavirus.
TextSentencer_T11 960-1232 Sentence denotes The feces and ultrathin sections of intestine that were evaluated by electron microscopy confirmed the presence of round particles of approximately 80 nm in size and characterized by finely granular electrodense nucleoids consistent with complete particles of coronavirus.
TextSentencer_T12 1233-1463 Sentence denotes The presence of the TGEV antigen was confirmed by monoclonal specific immunohistochemistry, and final confirmation of a metabolically-active virus was performed by in situ hybridization to detect a TGE mRNA encoding spike protein.
TextSentencer_T12 1233-1463 Sentence denotes The presence of the TGEV antigen was confirmed by monoclonal specific immunohistochemistry, and final confirmation of a metabolically-active virus was performed by in situ hybridization to detect a TGE mRNA encoding spike protein.
TextSentencer_T13 1464-1539 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T13 1464-1539 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T14 1540-1552 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T14 1540-1552 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T15 1553-1664 Sentence denotes This is the first case series describing neonatal mortality with etiological confirmation of TGEV in Argentina.
TextSentencer_T15 1553-1664 Sentence denotes This is the first case series describing neonatal mortality with etiological confirmation of TGEV in Argentina.
TextSentencer_T16 1665-1862 Sentence denotes The clinical diagnosis of TGEV infections in endemic regions is challenging due to the epidemiological distribution and coinfection with other enteric pathogens that mask the clinical presentation.
TextSentencer_T16 1665-1862 Sentence denotes The clinical diagnosis of TGEV infections in endemic regions is challenging due to the epidemiological distribution and coinfection with other enteric pathogens that mask the clinical presentation.
TextSentencer_T17 1864-2073 Sentence denotes There are five coronaviruses (CoVs) known to infect swine, and the clinical disease is mainly associated with neonatal diarrhea, but respiratory and neurological signs have also been reported [1] [2] [3] [4] .
TextSentencer_T17 1864-2073 Sentence denotes There are five coronaviruses (CoVs) known to infect swine, and the clinical disease is mainly associated with neonatal diarrhea, but respiratory and neurological signs have also been reported [1] [2] [3] [4] .
TextSentencer_T18 2074-2261 Sentence denotes Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belong to the Coronaviridae family, Coronavirinae subfamily, and genus Alphacoronavirus [5] .
TextSentencer_T18 2074-2261 Sentence denotes Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belong to the Coronaviridae family, Coronavirinae subfamily, and genus Alphacoronavirus [5] .
TextSentencer_T19 2262-2443 Sentence denotes A new coronavirus genetically distinct from TGEV and PEDV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) (genus Deltacoronavirus), has recently been associated with enteric disease in pigs [6] .
TextSentencer_T19 2262-2443 Sentence denotes A new coronavirus genetically distinct from TGEV and PEDV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) (genus Deltacoronavirus), has recently been associated with enteric disease in pigs [6] .
TextSentencer_T20 2444-2600 Sentence denotes Enteric porcine coronaviruses including TGEV, PEDV and PDCoV are characterized by acute diarrhea and anorexia with rapid dissemination in naïve populations.
TextSentencer_T20 2444-2600 Sentence denotes Enteric porcine coronaviruses including TGEV, PEDV and PDCoV are characterized by acute diarrhea and anorexia with rapid dissemination in naïve populations.
TextSentencer_T21 2601-2716 Sentence denotes The severities of clinical diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia can vary based on the age of the affected pigs [7, 8] .
TextSentencer_T21 2601-2716 Sentence denotes The severities of clinical diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia can vary based on the age of the affected pigs [7, 8] .
TextSentencer_T22 2717-2842 Sentence denotes Without adequate passive lactogenic immunity, the mortality rate in neonatal piglets can reach up to 100% [1, [9] [10] [11] .
TextSentencer_T22 2717-2842 Sentence denotes Without adequate passive lactogenic immunity, the mortality rate in neonatal piglets can reach up to 100% [1, [9] [10] [11] .
TextSentencer_T23 2843-3028 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis relies mainly on molecular tools like PCR and serology, as the clinical signs and enteric lesions associated with TGEV and PEDV are indistinguishable [8, 12, 13] .
TextSentencer_T23 2843-3028 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis relies mainly on molecular tools like PCR and serology, as the clinical signs and enteric lesions associated with TGEV and PEDV are indistinguishable [8, 12, 13] .
TextSentencer_T24 3029-3131 Sentence denotes The epidemiology of TGEV is rather complex, and infection in neonates can arise from multiple sources.
TextSentencer_T24 3029-3131 Sentence denotes The epidemiology of TGEV is rather complex, and infection in neonates can arise from multiple sources.
TextSentencer_T25 3132-3222 Sentence denotes In addition to swine, it has be documented that cats, dogs, and foxes can host TGEV [14] .
TextSentencer_T25 3132-3222 Sentence denotes In addition to swine, it has be documented that cats, dogs, and foxes can host TGEV [14] .
TextSentencer_T26 3223-3356 Sentence denotes The virus can be shed in feces for approximately 18 months, and milk shedding from infected sows can result in vertical transmission.
TextSentencer_T26 3223-3356 Sentence denotes The virus can be shed in feces for approximately 18 months, and milk shedding from infected sows can result in vertical transmission.
TextSentencer_T27 3357-3562 Sentence denotes Historically, TGEV infection has followed a seasonal pattern, becoming more prevalent during winter months perhaps due to increased viral survival in colder temperatures and with less exposure to sunlight.
TextSentencer_T27 3357-3562 Sentence denotes Historically, TGEV infection has followed a seasonal pattern, becoming more prevalent during winter months perhaps due to increased viral survival in colder temperatures and with less exposure to sunlight.
TextSentencer_T28 3563-3673 Sentence denotes TGEV is susceptible to most commercial disinfectants, but resistant to digestive bile and stable at pH 3 [1] .
TextSentencer_T28 3563-3673 Sentence denotes TGEV is susceptible to most commercial disinfectants, but resistant to digestive bile and stable at pH 3 [1] .
TextSentencer_T29 3674-3860 Sentence denotes Only one TGEV genotype has been described, however differences in pathogenicity among strains has been reported in field outbreaks, although not confirmed by an experimental study [12] .
TextSentencer_T29 3674-3860 Sentence denotes Only one TGEV genotype has been described, however differences in pathogenicity among strains has been reported in field outbreaks, although not confirmed by an experimental study [12] .
TextSentencer_T30 3861-3944 Sentence denotes Infection with TGEV has two different clinical presentations: epidemic and endemic.
TextSentencer_T30 3861-3944 Sentence denotes Infection with TGEV has two different clinical presentations: epidemic and endemic.
TextSentencer_T31 3945-4065 Sentence denotes In epidemics, TGEV enters a naïve herd and all pig categories are affected, particularly piglets that are 1-2 weeks old.
TextSentencer_T31 3945-4065 Sentence denotes In epidemics, TGEV enters a naïve herd and all pig categories are affected, particularly piglets that are 1-2 weeks old.
TextSentencer_T32 4066-4222 Sentence denotes The duration of the clinical presentation is short, approximately 3 weeks, and in small, farrow-to-finish herd, the infection can be self-limiting [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T32 4066-4222 Sentence denotes The duration of the clinical presentation is short, approximately 3 weeks, and in small, farrow-to-finish herd, the infection can be self-limiting [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T33 4223-4410 Sentence denotes Endemic disease scenarios, those occurring after the epidemic phase, are observed in farms with incomplete AIAO management or in breeding farms that have a continuous flow of naïve gilts.
TextSentencer_T33 4223-4410 Sentence denotes Endemic disease scenarios, those occurring after the epidemic phase, are observed in farms with incomplete AIAO management or in breeding farms that have a continuous flow of naïve gilts.
TextSentencer_T34 4411-4557 Sentence denotes In breeding herds, the varying levels of humoral and lactogenic immunity lowers piglet mortality, but may lengthen the course of the disease [1] .
TextSentencer_T34 4411-4557 Sentence denotes In breeding herds, the varying levels of humoral and lactogenic immunity lowers piglet mortality, but may lengthen the course of the disease [1] .
TextSentencer_T35 4558-4677 Sentence denotes Since the first description provided in the United States [15] , TGEV infections have been reported all over the world.
TextSentencer_T35 4558-4677 Sentence denotes Since the first description provided in the United States [15] , TGEV infections have been reported all over the world.
TextSentencer_T36 4678-4800 Sentence denotes In South America, it has been reported in Colombia [16] , Venezuela [17] , Bolivia, and is currently seen in Brazil [18] .
TextSentencer_T36 4678-4800 Sentence denotes In South America, it has been reported in Colombia [16] , Venezuela [17] , Bolivia, and is currently seen in Brazil [18] .
TextSentencer_T37 4801-4972 Sentence denotes In Argentina, an episode of high pre-weaning mortality related to Isospora suis infection alone or in association with an unknown enteric virus was reported in 1998 [19] .
TextSentencer_T37 4801-4972 Sentence denotes In Argentina, an episode of high pre-weaning mortality related to Isospora suis infection alone or in association with an unknown enteric virus was reported in 1998 [19] .
TextSentencer_T38 4973-5181 Sentence denotes Further studies using negative stain electron microscopy demonstrate the presence of viral particles consistent with coronavirus in feces of pre-weaning diarrheic (34.4%) and post-weaning (10%) piglets [20] .
TextSentencer_T38 4973-5181 Sentence denotes Further studies using negative stain electron microscopy demonstrate the presence of viral particles consistent with coronavirus in feces of pre-weaning diarrheic (34.4%) and post-weaning (10%) piglets [20] .
TextSentencer_T39 5182-5385 Sentence denotes A retrospective histopathological study performed on cases of neonatal diarrhea at our laboratory during 2013 showed that 29% of neonatal diarrhea cases had lesions consistent with viral enteritis [21] .
TextSentencer_T39 5182-5385 Sentence denotes A retrospective histopathological study performed on cases of neonatal diarrhea at our laboratory during 2013 showed that 29% of neonatal diarrhea cases had lesions consistent with viral enteritis [21] .
TextSentencer_T40 5386-5554 Sentence denotes In 2014, a notification of TGEV infection was reported by the National Services of Animal Health of Argentina (SENASA) to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE).
TextSentencer_T40 5386-5554 Sentence denotes In 2014, a notification of TGEV infection was reported by the National Services of Animal Health of Argentina (SENASA) to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE).
TextSentencer_T41 5555-5668 Sentence denotes It was detected by serology in a small farm with an apparent morbidity rate of 2.3% without clinical signs [22] .
TextSentencer_T41 5555-5668 Sentence denotes It was detected by serology in a small farm with an apparent morbidity rate of 2.3% without clinical signs [22] .
TextSentencer_T42 5669-5794 Sentence denotes This is an unusual presentation of TGEV infection and might be related to passed infection or interspecies transmission [1] .
TextSentencer_T42 5669-5794 Sentence denotes This is an unusual presentation of TGEV infection and might be related to passed infection or interspecies transmission [1] .
TextSentencer_T43 5795-6090 Sentence denotes In order to clarify the situation prior to the first official report of TGEV infection in Argentina, a retrospective study was performed on cases suspected of TGEV-like disease recorded at the Laboratory of Special Veterinary Pathology at the College of Veterinary Sciences, La Plata University.
TextSentencer_T43 5795-6090 Sentence denotes In order to clarify the situation prior to the first official report of TGEV infection in Argentina, a retrospective study was performed on cases suspected of TGEV-like disease recorded at the Laboratory of Special Veterinary Pathology at the College of Veterinary Sciences, La Plata University.
TextSentencer_T44 6091-6201 Sentence denotes Benchmarking analyses of epidemiological behavior and clinical histories were the criteria for herd selection.
TextSentencer_T44 6091-6201 Sentence denotes Benchmarking analyses of epidemiological behavior and clinical histories were the criteria for herd selection.
TextSentencer_T45 6202-6359 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy (EM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH-RNA) of archived paraffin blocks.
TextSentencer_T45 6202-6359 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy (EM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH-RNA) of archived paraffin blocks.
TextSentencer_T46 6360-6414 Sentence denotes Clinical, pathological and etiological findings Case 1
TextSentencer_T46 6360-6414 Sentence denotes Clinical, pathological and etiological findings Case 1
TextSentencer_T47 6415-6536 Sentence denotes Thirteen 1-to 7-day-old piglets with body weights ranging from 1 to 1.5 kg were submitted for pathological investigation.
TextSentencer_T47 6415-6536 Sentence denotes Thirteen 1-to 7-day-old piglets with body weights ranging from 1 to 1.5 kg were submitted for pathological investigation.
TextSentencer_T48 6537-6690 Sentence denotes Pigs with clinical diarrhea were dirty, wet, had stained perinea, and showed moderate dehydration characterized by sunken eyes and diffusely pale mucosa.
TextSentencer_T48 6537-6690 Sentence denotes Pigs with clinical diarrhea were dirty, wet, had stained perinea, and showed moderate dehydration characterized by sunken eyes and diffusely pale mucosa.
TextSentencer_T49 6691-6881 Sentence denotes Their small intestinal walls were thin with unremarkable mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and were distended by gas or occasionally contained yellow watery digesta with a pH of 5-6 ( Fig. 1a) .
TextSentencer_T49 6691-6881 Sentence denotes Their small intestinal walls were thin with unremarkable mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and were distended by gas or occasionally contained yellow watery digesta with a pH of 5-6 ( Fig. 1a) .
TextSentencer_T50 6882-6950 Sentence denotes Their stomachs were empty or contained floccules of undigested milk.
TextSentencer_T50 6882-6950 Sentence denotes Their stomachs were empty or contained floccules of undigested milk.
TextSentencer_T51 6951-6995 Sentence denotes No other macroscopic findings were observed.
TextSentencer_T51 6951-6995 Sentence denotes No other macroscopic findings were observed.
TextSentencer_T52 6996-7256 Sentence denotes The histopathological evaluation showed a shortening of intestinal villi with a crypt-villous ratio of 1:2 ( Fig. 1b) , that villi were fused and lined by vacuolated cuboidal or attenuated epithelium, and that the lamina propria was expanded by moderate edema.
TextSentencer_T52 6996-7256 Sentence denotes The histopathological evaluation showed a shortening of intestinal villi with a crypt-villous ratio of 1:2 ( Fig. 1b) , that villi were fused and lined by vacuolated cuboidal or attenuated epithelium, and that the lamina propria was expanded by moderate edema.
TextSentencer_T53 7257-7315 Sentence denotes Microscopic lesions were limited to the jejunum and ileum.
TextSentencer_T53 7257-7315 Sentence denotes Microscopic lesions were limited to the jejunum and ileum.
TextSentencer_T54 7316-7479 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry and ISH-RNA against TGEV showed strong staining in the epithelium of sections that presented minimal epithelial villous changes (Fig. 1c, d) .
TextSentencer_T54 7316-7479 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry and ISH-RNA against TGEV showed strong staining in the epithelium of sections that presented minimal epithelial villous changes (Fig. 1c, d) .
TextSentencer_T55 7480-7559 Sentence denotes Conversely, sections with the most severe epithelial damages were IHC negative.
TextSentencer_T55 7480-7559 Sentence denotes Conversely, sections with the most severe epithelial damages were IHC negative.
TextSentencer_T56 7560-7633 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and rotavirus.
TextSentencer_T56 7560-7633 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and rotavirus.
TextSentencer_T57 7634-7818 Sentence denotes A gross evaluation of five piglets between 2 and 3 days old showed marked dehydration, wet and stool-stained perinea, and poor body conditions (1.15 kg average body weight) (Fig. 2a) .
TextSentencer_T57 7634-7818 Sentence denotes A gross evaluation of five piglets between 2 and 3 days old showed marked dehydration, wet and stool-stained perinea, and poor body conditions (1.15 kg average body weight) (Fig. 2a) .
TextSentencer_T58 7819-7951 Sentence denotes The small intestine contained abundant yellow-watery diarrhea with a pH of 5-6 in two pigs and alkaline pH in three pigs (Fig. 2b) .
TextSentencer_T58 7819-7951 Sentence denotes The small intestine contained abundant yellow-watery diarrhea with a pH of 5-6 in two pigs and alkaline pH in three pigs (Fig. 2b) .
TextSentencer_T59 7952-8088 Sentence denotes A histopathology examination of multiple sections of jejunum and ileum showed mild to moderate villous shortening and fusion (Fig. 2c) .
TextSentencer_T59 7952-8088 Sentence denotes A histopathology examination of multiple sections of jejunum and ileum showed mild to moderate villous shortening and fusion (Fig. 2c) .
TextSentencer_T60 8089-8166 Sentence denotes The villous enterocytes showed a marked cytoplasmic vacuolization (Fig. 2d) .
TextSentencer_T60 8089-8166 Sentence denotes The villous enterocytes showed a marked cytoplasmic vacuolization (Fig. 2d) .
TextSentencer_T61 8167-8271 Sentence denotes The lamina propria was minimally infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells, and was expanded by edema.
TextSentencer_T61 8167-8271 Sentence denotes The lamina propria was minimally infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells, and was expanded by edema.
TextSentencer_T62 8272-8409 Sentence denotes The superficial villous enterocytes in the ileum showed strong hybridization signals characterized by active-replicating TGEV (Fig. 2e) .
TextSentencer_T62 8272-8409 Sentence denotes The superficial villous enterocytes in the ileum showed strong hybridization signals characterized by active-replicating TGEV (Fig. 2e) .
TextSentencer_T63 8410-8468 Sentence denotes No microscopic lesions were seen in the sections of colon.
TextSentencer_T63 8410-8468 Sentence denotes No microscopic lesions were seen in the sections of colon.
TextSentencer_T64 8469-8544 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and Rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T64 8469-8544 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and Rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T65 8545-8697 Sentence denotes In the ultrathin sections, rounded particles measuring approximately 80 nm in diameter were located in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T65 8545-8697 Sentence denotes In the ultrathin sections, rounded particles measuring approximately 80 nm in diameter were located in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T66 8698-8864 Sentence denotes The particles were characterized by finely granular electrodense nucleoids with electron lucent centers compatible with complete particles of coronavirus (Fig. 2f ) .
TextSentencer_T66 8698-8864 Sentence denotes The particles were characterized by finely granular electrodense nucleoids with electron lucent centers compatible with complete particles of coronavirus (Fig. 2f ) .
TextSentencer_T67 8865-8974 Sentence denotes Three neonatal piglets that died naturally presented with fecal stained perinea and were markedly dehydrated.
TextSentencer_T67 8865-8974 Sentence denotes Three neonatal piglets that died naturally presented with fecal stained perinea and were markedly dehydrated.
TextSentencer_T68 8975-9105 Sentence denotes The stomachs were empty, the small intestinal wall was thin/translucent, and scant yellow watery contents were sometimes apparent.
TextSentencer_T68 8975-9105 Sentence denotes The stomachs were empty, the small intestinal wall was thin/translucent, and scant yellow watery contents were sometimes apparent.
TextSentencer_T69 9106-9296 Sentence denotes The histopathology examination of the jejunum and ileum showed moderate villous fusion and shortening, and the villi were lined by low-cuboidal to flattened/attenuated epithelium (Fig. 3a) .
TextSentencer_T69 9106-9296 Sentence denotes The histopathology examination of the jejunum and ileum showed moderate villous fusion and shortening, and the villi were lined by low-cuboidal to flattened/attenuated epithelium (Fig. 3a) .
TextSentencer_T70 9297-9439 Sentence denotes The lamina propria was infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells, was expanded by edema, and exhibited lymphangiectasia (Fig. 3b) .
TextSentencer_T70 9297-9439 Sentence denotes The lamina propria was infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells, was expanded by edema, and exhibited lymphangiectasia (Fig. 3b) .
TextSentencer_T71 9440-9534 Sentence denotes The TGEV antigen was detected by IHC in multiple sections of the jejunum and ileum (Fig. 3c) .
TextSentencer_T71 9440-9534 Sentence denotes The TGEV antigen was detected by IHC in multiple sections of the jejunum and ileum (Fig. 3c) .
TextSentencer_T72 9535-9596 Sentence denotes No significant lesions were observed in the section of colon.
TextSentencer_T72 9535-9596 Sentence denotes No significant lesions were observed in the section of colon.
TextSentencer_T73 9597-9672 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and Rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T73 9597-9672 Sentence denotes All sections evaluated in this case were negative for PEDV and Rotavirus A.
TextSentencer_T74 9673-9838 Sentence denotes The epidemiological and clinical presentations of outbreaks of neonatal mortality associated with enteritis and the detection of TGEV started in the gestation units.
TextSentencer_T74 9673-9838 Sentence denotes The epidemiological and clinical presentations of outbreaks of neonatal mortality associated with enteritis and the detection of TGEV started in the gestation units.
TextSentencer_T75 9839-9954 Sentence denotes Both gilts and sows showed anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting before enteric signs were observed in neonatal piglets.
TextSentencer_T75 9839-9954 Sentence denotes Both gilts and sows showed anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting before enteric signs were observed in neonatal piglets.
TextSentencer_T76 9955-10057 Sentence denotes However, the prevalence of clinical signs in the breeding stock was low and no mortality was reported.
TextSentencer_T76 9955-10057 Sentence denotes However, the prevalence of clinical signs in the breeding stock was low and no mortality was reported.
TextSentencer_T77 10058-10230 Sentence denotes When TGEV enters in a naïve herds, an epizootic form characterized by a 100% mortality of pre-weaning piglets due to diarrhea and dehydration is normally observed [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T77 10058-10230 Sentence denotes When TGEV enters in a naïve herds, an epizootic form characterized by a 100% mortality of pre-weaning piglets due to diarrhea and dehydration is normally observed [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T78 10231-10439 Sentence denotes Although in the present study, the farms had a high prevalence of diarrhea in suckling pigs, only farms A and C showed almost 100% neonatal mortality, while in farm B had approximately 20% neonatal mortality.
TextSentencer_T78 10231-10439 Sentence denotes Although in the present study, the farms had a high prevalence of diarrhea in suckling pigs, only farms A and C showed almost 100% neonatal mortality, while in farm B had approximately 20% neonatal mortality.
TextSentencer_T79 10440-10544 Sentence denotes The clinical presentation and epidemiological pattern observed in farm B resembled the TGE endemic form.
TextSentencer_T79 10440-10544 Sentence denotes The clinical presentation and epidemiological pattern observed in farm B resembled the TGE endemic form.
TextSentencer_T80 10545-10716 Sentence denotes Although no other etiological diagnosis was confirmed, the low mortality associated with TGEV that was observed in farm B might be the result of previous exposure to PRCV.
TextSentencer_T80 10545-10716 Sentence denotes Although no other etiological diagnosis was confirmed, the low mortality associated with TGEV that was observed in farm B might be the result of previous exposure to PRCV.
TextSentencer_T81 10717-10842 Sentence denotes PRCV infection can confer cross-protection against TGEV, reducing the enteric clinical signs and pre-weaning mortality [12] .
TextSentencer_T81 10717-10842 Sentence denotes PRCV infection can confer cross-protection against TGEV, reducing the enteric clinical signs and pre-weaning mortality [12] .
TextSentencer_T82 10843-11070 Sentence denotes Therefore, herds concomitantly infected with PRCV and TGEV develop less severe clinical signs, making the clinical differentiation from other enteric infections such as rotavirus or E. coli infections more challenging [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T82 10843-11070 Sentence denotes Therefore, herds concomitantly infected with PRCV and TGEV develop less severe clinical signs, making the clinical differentiation from other enteric infections such as rotavirus or E. coli infections more challenging [1, 14] .
TextSentencer_T83 11071-11296 Sentence denotes Another potential reason for the low mortality rate due to TGE infection that was observed in farm B could be the intermittent viral exposure of the breeding stock that provided partial immunity to the neonatal piglets [14] .
TextSentencer_T83 11071-11296 Sentence denotes Another potential reason for the low mortality rate due to TGE infection that was observed in farm B could be the intermittent viral exposure of the breeding stock that provided partial immunity to the neonatal piglets [14] .
TextSentencer_T84 11297-11730 Sentence denotes In all herds in this study, it was suspected that the virus entered the farms through the subclinically infected replacement animals Although the pre-weaning mortality rate in farm B was lower than that in farm A and C, the pre-weaning mortality was higher in this farm than the mortality rate seen in similar production systems due to other enteric causes such us I suis [19, 23] , C. perfringes type A [24] , or C. difficile [25] .
TextSentencer_T84 11297-11730 Sentence denotes In all herds in this study, it was suspected that the virus entered the farms through the subclinically infected replacement animals Although the pre-weaning mortality rate in farm B was lower than that in farm A and C, the pre-weaning mortality was higher in this farm than the mortality rate seen in similar production systems due to other enteric causes such us I suis [19, 23] , C. perfringes type A [24] , or C. difficile [25] .
TextSentencer_T85 11731-11832 Sentence denotes According to a previous study, the pre-weaning mortality due to diarrhea should not exceed 20% [26] .
TextSentencer_T85 11731-11832 Sentence denotes According to a previous study, the pre-weaning mortality due to diarrhea should not exceed 20% [26] .
TextSentencer_T86 11833-12045 Sentence denotes Usually, in porcine CoVs infections, the course of the clinical disease is short and normally does not exceed 3-4 weeks [14] due to the establishment of a rapid herd immunity, as early as one week post-infection.
TextSentencer_T86 11833-12045 Sentence denotes Usually, in porcine CoVs infections, the course of the clinical disease is short and normally does not exceed 3-4 weeks [14] due to the establishment of a rapid herd immunity, as early as one week post-infection.
TextSentencer_T87 12046-12128 Sentence denotes However, in farm B the clinical presentation persisted for approximately 2 months.
TextSentencer_T87 12046-12128 Sentence denotes However, in farm B the clinical presentation persisted for approximately 2 months.
TextSentencer_T88 12129-12329 Sentence denotes Potential reinfection due to poor husbandry and incomplete AIAO management are just few potential causes of viral persistence in the environment that can predispose reinfection of the farrowing units.
TextSentencer_T88 12129-12329 Sentence denotes Potential reinfection due to poor husbandry and incomplete AIAO management are just few potential causes of viral persistence in the environment that can predispose reinfection of the farrowing units.
TextSentencer_T89 12330-12440 Sentence denotes In clinically affected litters, most of the pigs are dirty, wet, and dehydrated, with diminished body weights.
TextSentencer_T89 12330-12440 Sentence denotes In clinically affected litters, most of the pigs are dirty, wet, and dehydrated, with diminished body weights.
TextSentencer_T90 12441-12540 Sentence denotes Diarrhea is watery, yellowish, and with an acidic smell from the presence of undigested milk [23] .
TextSentencer_T90 12441-12540 Sentence denotes Diarrhea is watery, yellowish, and with an acidic smell from the presence of undigested milk [23] .
TextSentencer_T91 12541-12650 Sentence denotes The mortality rate is inversely correlated with the age of the piglets, reaching 100% in 2-7 day-old piglets.
TextSentencer_T91 12541-12650 Sentence denotes The mortality rate is inversely correlated with the age of the piglets, reaching 100% in 2-7 day-old piglets.
TextSentencer_T92 12651-12852 Sentence denotes This predisposition is due to the slow replacement rate of villus epithelial cells (around 10 days) in neonatal piglets compared with the replacement rate of 3-week-old piglets (around 2-4 days) [14] .
TextSentencer_T92 12651-12852 Sentence denotes This predisposition is due to the slow replacement rate of villus epithelial cells (around 10 days) in neonatal piglets compared with the replacement rate of 3-week-old piglets (around 2-4 days) [14] .
TextSentencer_T93 12853-12901 Sentence denotes In this study, mortality varied from 20 to 100%.
TextSentencer_T93 12853-12901 Sentence denotes In this study, mortality varied from 20 to 100%.
TextSentencer_T94 12902-12996 Sentence denotes The jejunum and ileum are the target segments of the small intestine for virus multiplication.
TextSentencer_T94 12902-12996 Sentence denotes The jejunum and ileum are the target segments of the small intestine for virus multiplication.
TextSentencer_T95 12997-13150 Sentence denotes However, TGEV infection is segmental, so multiple segments should be included for histopathology or etiological diagnoses in situ such as IHC or ISH-RNA.
TextSentencer_T95 12997-13150 Sentence denotes However, TGEV infection is segmental, so multiple segments should be included for histopathology or etiological diagnoses in situ such as IHC or ISH-RNA.
TextSentencer_T96 13151-13339 Sentence denotes Due to the retrospective nature of this study, fixed tissue was used to confirm the presence of TGEV and the morphological changes consistent with viral infection in the intestinal mucosa.
TextSentencer_T96 13151-13339 Sentence denotes Due to the retrospective nature of this study, fixed tissue was used to confirm the presence of TGEV and the morphological changes consistent with viral infection in the intestinal mucosa.
TextSentencer_T97 13340-13599 Sentence denotes It is important to highlight that although TGEV was detected by different means in each farm, due to the segmental nature of the lesions and viral distribution, viral ARN or viral antigen was not detected in all of the intestinal segments that were evaluated.
TextSentencer_T97 13340-13599 Sentence denotes It is important to highlight that although TGEV was detected by different means in each farm, due to the segmental nature of the lesions and viral distribution, viral ARN or viral antigen was not detected in all of the intestinal segments that were evaluated.
TextSentencer_T98 13600-13759 Sentence denotes In piglets that are less than 2 weeks old, the reduction of villus length and the fusion of jejunum and proximal ileum are the main histological changes [27] .
TextSentencer_T98 13600-13759 Sentence denotes In piglets that are less than 2 weeks old, the reduction of villus length and the fusion of jejunum and proximal ileum are the main histological changes [27] .
TextSentencer_T99 13760-13905 Sentence denotes The normal villous/crypt length ratio is 7:1, however, after 24-48 h post-infection, the villous/ crypt ratio can be reduced to 2:1 or 1:1 [27] .
TextSentencer_T99 13760-13905 Sentence denotes The normal villous/crypt length ratio is 7:1, however, after 24-48 h post-infection, the villous/ crypt ratio can be reduced to 2:1 or 1:1 [27] .
TextSentencer_T100 13906-14075 Sentence denotes Since TGEV replicates in mature absorptive epithelial cells [28] , a false negative diagnosis can be observed by IHC or ISH in specimens that display villous shortening.
TextSentencer_T100 13906-14075 Sentence denotes Since TGEV replicates in mature absorptive epithelial cells [28] , a false negative diagnosis can be observed by IHC or ISH in specimens that display villous shortening.
TextSentencer_T101 14076-14236 Sentence denotes Few absorptive vacuolated cells are seen normally in the intestine, however, during TGEV infection, they are found in great numbers with a cuboidal shape [27] .
TextSentencer_T101 14076-14236 Sentence denotes Few absorptive vacuolated cells are seen normally in the intestine, however, during TGEV infection, they are found in great numbers with a cuboidal shape [27] .
TextSentencer_T102 14237-14363 Sentence denotes In endemic TGEV infection, histopathological diagnosis is more difficult because only 25% of pigs display typical TGE lesions.
TextSentencer_T102 14237-14363 Sentence denotes In endemic TGEV infection, histopathological diagnosis is more difficult because only 25% of pigs display typical TGE lesions.
TextSentencer_T103 14364-14568 Sentence denotes In addition, immunofluorescence tests and IHC often fail in endemic farms due to a low number of enterocytes in the TGEV-infected because of partial protection conferred by colostral antibodies [23, 29] .
TextSentencer_T103 14364-14568 Sentence denotes In addition, immunofluorescence tests and IHC often fail in endemic farms due to a low number of enterocytes in the TGEV-infected because of partial protection conferred by colostral antibodies [23, 29] .
TextSentencer_T104 14569-14808 Sentence denotes Different diagnostic techniques have been used to detect TGEV infection such as IHC, ISH, electron microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy and PCR [13] ; however, histopathology remains the most useful tool for screening diagnosis [18] .
TextSentencer_T104 14569-14808 Sentence denotes Different diagnostic techniques have been used to detect TGEV infection such as IHC, ISH, electron microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy and PCR [13] ; however, histopathology remains the most useful tool for screening diagnosis [18] .
TextSentencer_T105 14809-15002 Sentence denotes In this study, although all cases were selected using clinical features and epidemiological information, the histological evaluation consistently showed lesions compatible with viral infection.
TextSentencer_T105 14809-15002 Sentence denotes In this study, although all cases were selected using clinical features and epidemiological information, the histological evaluation consistently showed lesions compatible with viral infection.
TextSentencer_T106 15003-15187 Sentence denotes The application of IHC and ISH-RNA on archived paraffin blocks from cases of neonatal diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality allowed retrospective identification of TGEV infection.
TextSentencer_T106 15003-15187 Sentence denotes The application of IHC and ISH-RNA on archived paraffin blocks from cases of neonatal diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality allowed retrospective identification of TGEV infection.
TextSentencer_T107 15188-15383 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of TGEV infection in endemic regions, such as in Argentina, is complicated due to the epidemiological distribution and clinical signs that might be masked with other enteric infections.
TextSentencer_T107 15188-15383 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of TGEV infection in endemic regions, such as in Argentina, is complicated due to the epidemiological distribution and clinical signs that might be masked with other enteric infections.
TextSentencer_T108 15384-15552 Sentence denotes Further studies are necessary to determine the true prevalence of this pathogen and the correlation with neonatal enteric cases observed in confined production systems.
TextSentencer_T108 15384-15552 Sentence denotes Further studies are necessary to determine the true prevalence of this pathogen and the correlation with neonatal enteric cases observed in confined production systems.
TextSentencer_T109 15553-15660 Sentence denotes Case selection was based on the clinical history reported by the farm managers and referring veterinarians.
TextSentencer_T109 15553-15660 Sentence denotes Case selection was based on the clinical history reported by the farm managers and referring veterinarians.
TextSentencer_T110 15661-15841 Sentence denotes The selection criteria was a sudden increase in mortality that included, significant increment of more than 2 SD from average pre-weaning mortality and last for a period of a week.
TextSentencer_T110 15661-15841 Sentence denotes The selection criteria was a sudden increase in mortality that included, significant increment of more than 2 SD from average pre-weaning mortality and last for a period of a week.
TextSentencer_T111 15842-15994 Sentence denotes In addition reported mortality should be associated with the presence of watery diarrhea in 1-to 21-day-old piglets that did not respond to antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T111 15842-15994 Sentence denotes In addition reported mortality should be associated with the presence of watery diarrhea in 1-to 21-day-old piglets that did not respond to antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T112 15995-16162 Sentence denotes First screening of cases was done by histopathological evaluation, and only cases presenting features of viral enteritis with no other detected pathogen were included.
TextSentencer_T112 15995-16162 Sentence denotes First screening of cases was done by histopathological evaluation, and only cases presenting features of viral enteritis with no other detected pathogen were included.
TextSentencer_T113 16163-16243 Sentence denotes Based on these criteria, three clinical cases were identified from 2010 to 2015.
TextSentencer_T113 16163-16243 Sentence denotes Based on these criteria, three clinical cases were identified from 2010 to 2015.
TextSentencer_T114 16244-16328 Sentence denotes A 170-sow farrow-to-finishing herd located in Buenos Aires served as the first case.
TextSentencer_T114 16244-16328 Sentence denotes A 170-sow farrow-to-finishing herd located in Buenos Aires served as the first case.
TextSentencer_T115 16329-16470 Sentence denotes The farm produced its own replacement breeding stock, however, two months before the outbreak, gilts were introduced from a breeding company.
TextSentencer_T115 16329-16470 Sentence denotes The farm produced its own replacement breeding stock, however, two months before the outbreak, gilts were introduced from a breeding company.
TextSentencer_T116 16471-16600 Sentence denotes The parity of the breeding stock was distributed as 40% gilts while the rest of the reproductive stock parity varied from 2 to 6.
TextSentencer_T116 16471-16600 Sentence denotes The parity of the breeding stock was distributed as 40% gilts while the rest of the reproductive stock parity varied from 2 to 6.
TextSentencer_T117 16601-16740 Sentence denotes On September 2011, approximately 10% of the pregnant sows presented acute vomiting while 30% of the pregnant sows presented acute diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T117 16601-16740 Sentence denotes On September 2011, approximately 10% of the pregnant sows presented acute vomiting while 30% of the pregnant sows presented acute diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T118 16741-16934 Sentence denotes During the period when the sows showed gastro-enteric clinical signs, 2-to 4-day-old piglets presented vomiting (75-80%) and diarrhea (90%), and the mortality rate of suckling pigs reached 90%.
TextSentencer_T118 16741-16934 Sentence denotes During the period when the sows showed gastro-enteric clinical signs, 2-to 4-day-old piglets presented vomiting (75-80%) and diarrhea (90%), and the mortality rate of suckling pigs reached 90%.
TextSentencer_T119 16935-17032 Sentence denotes The course of the disease in both breeder stock and piglets lasted for approximately three weeks.
TextSentencer_T119 16935-17032 Sentence denotes The course of the disease in both breeder stock and piglets lasted for approximately three weeks.
TextSentencer_T120 17033-17146 Sentence denotes Case 2 involved a one-site herd of 350 sows with its own replacement gilts and the following parity distribution:
TextSentencer_T120 17033-17146 Sentence denotes Case 2 involved a one-site herd of 350 sows with its own replacement gilts and the following parity distribution:
TextSentencer_T121 17147-17215 Sentence denotes 20% gilts, 40% parity 1-2, and 27.3% distributed amongst parity 3-5.
TextSentencer_T121 17147-17215 Sentence denotes 20% gilts, 40% parity 1-2, and 27.3% distributed amongst parity 3-5.
TextSentencer_T122 17216-17329 Sentence denotes Boars were purchased from a breeding company and were incorporated into the reproductive herd without quarantine.
TextSentencer_T122 17216-17329 Sentence denotes Boars were purchased from a breeding company and were incorporated into the reproductive herd without quarantine.
TextSentencer_T123 17330-17412 Sentence denotes The farm was located within a few miles of a swine slaughterhouse in Buenos Aires.
TextSentencer_T123 17330-17412 Sentence denotes The farm was located within a few miles of a swine slaughterhouse in Buenos Aires.
TextSentencer_T124 17413-17542 Sentence denotes In February 2012, the pregnant sows showed anorexia (14-30%) and diarrhea (1%) associated with heat returns and abortions (3.3%).
TextSentencer_T124 17413-17542 Sentence denotes In February 2012, the pregnant sows showed anorexia (14-30%) and diarrhea (1%) associated with heat returns and abortions (3.3%).
TextSentencer_T125 17543-17633 Sentence denotes In the farrowing houses, approximately 100% of the lactating sows presented with anorexia.
TextSentencer_T125 17543-17633 Sentence denotes In the farrowing houses, approximately 100% of the lactating sows presented with anorexia.
TextSentencer_T126 17634-17803 Sentence denotes Pre-weaning mortality associated with the presence of diarrhea varied from 16.5% at the beginning of the outbreak to 27.9% 3 to 4 weeks after the initial clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T126 17634-17803 Sentence denotes Pre-weaning mortality associated with the presence of diarrhea varied from 16.5% at the beginning of the outbreak to 27.9% 3 to 4 weeks after the initial clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T127 17804-17911 Sentence denotes An anatomopathological evaluation showed that 93.6% of the total pre-weaning mortality was due to diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T127 17804-17911 Sentence denotes An anatomopathological evaluation showed that 93.6% of the total pre-weaning mortality was due to diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T128 17912-17966 Sentence denotes A one-site herd of 400 sows was the subject of Case 3.
TextSentencer_T128 17912-17966 Sentence denotes A one-site herd of 400 sows was the subject of Case 3.
TextSentencer_T129 17967-18032 Sentence denotes In July 2013, two boars were located close to the gestation unit.
TextSentencer_T129 17967-18032 Sentence denotes In July 2013, two boars were located close to the gestation unit.
TextSentencer_T130 18033-18106 Sentence denotes A week later, gestation sows showed anorexia (16.8%) and diarrhea (5.3%).
TextSentencer_T130 18033-18106 Sentence denotes A week later, gestation sows showed anorexia (16.8%) and diarrhea (5.3%).
TextSentencer_T131 18107-18197 Sentence denotes Thereafter, in the gilts, diarrhea was evident in the nursery (3-7%) and fattener (5-23%).
TextSentencer_T131 18107-18197 Sentence denotes Thereafter, in the gilts, diarrhea was evident in the nursery (3-7%) and fattener (5-23%).
TextSentencer_T132 18198-18277 Sentence denotes Two-day-old piglets showed watery diarrhea (100%) with a mortality rate of 95%.
TextSentencer_T132 18198-18277 Sentence denotes Two-day-old piglets showed watery diarrhea (100%) with a mortality rate of 95%.
TextSentencer_T133 18278-18371 Sentence denotes Affected piglets died from severe dehydration within two days of the onset of clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T133 18278-18371 Sentence denotes Affected piglets died from severe dehydration within two days of the onset of clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T134 18372-18494 Sentence denotes The course of the disease lasted approximately two months with an overall pre-weaning mortality of 50% during that period.
TextSentencer_T134 18372-18494 Sentence denotes The course of the disease lasted approximately two months with an overall pre-weaning mortality of 50% during that period.
TextSentencer_T135 18495-18601 Sentence denotes At the onset of the outbreak, clinically affected suckling pigs were submitted for postmortem examination.
TextSentencer_T135 18495-18601 Sentence denotes At the onset of the outbreak, clinically affected suckling pigs were submitted for postmortem examination.
TextSentencer_T136 18602-18866 Sentence denotes Tissue samples from different organs, including multiple segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine, were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed for routine histopathologic examination, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
TextSentencer_T136 18602-18866 Sentence denotes Tissue samples from different organs, including multiple segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine, were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed for routine histopathologic examination, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
TextSentencer_T137 18867-19074 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis in tissues and feces by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy Immunohistochemestry IHC was carried-out briefly to differentiate TGEV [30] from PEDV [31] .
TextSentencer_T137 18867-19074 Sentence denotes Etiological diagnosis in tissues and feces by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy Immunohistochemestry IHC was carried-out briefly to differentiate TGEV [30] from PEDV [31] .
TextSentencer_T138 19075-19179 Sentence denotes Monoclonal antibodies against TGEV (OSU: #.14E3-3C) and PEDV (OSU 6C8) at dilutions of 1:8000 were used.
TextSentencer_T138 19075-19179 Sentence denotes Monoclonal antibodies against TGEV (OSU: #.14E3-3C) and PEDV (OSU 6C8) at dilutions of 1:8000 were used.
TextSentencer_T139 19180-19300 Sentence denotes Antigen retrieval was performed with humid heat and revealed with peroxidase (Novocastra a , Leica Biosystems, IL, USA).
TextSentencer_T139 19180-19300 Sentence denotes Antigen retrieval was performed with humid heat and revealed with peroxidase (Novocastra a , Leica Biosystems, IL, USA).
TextSentencer_T140 19301-19401 Sentence denotes To rule out other potential viral enteritis, Rotavirus A was evaluated in all sections by IHC [32] .
TextSentencer_T140 19301-19401 Sentence denotes To rule out other potential viral enteritis, Rotavirus A was evaluated in all sections by IHC [32] .
TextSentencer_T141 19402-19523 Sentence denotes Rotavirus IHC was performed using a monoclonal antibody against Rotavirus A (Santa Cruz: sc-101363) at a 1:2000 dilution.
TextSentencer_T141 19402-19523 Sentence denotes Rotavirus IHC was performed using a monoclonal antibody against Rotavirus A (Santa Cruz: sc-101363) at a 1:2000 dilution.
TextSentencer_T142 19524-19701 Sentence denotes Antigen retrieval was performed with Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 for 20 min, as programmed on Leica Bond III, and revealed with PowerVision Poly-HRP anti-Mouse (Leica PV 6113).
TextSentencer_T142 19524-19701 Sentence denotes Antigen retrieval was performed with Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 for 20 min, as programmed on Leica Bond III, and revealed with PowerVision Poly-HRP anti-Mouse (Leica PV 6113).
TextSentencer_T143 19702-19868 Sentence denotes All samples were tested in duplicate and sections were controlled appropriately for TGEV, PEDV and Rotavirus A with positive and negative controls (Additional file 1:
TextSentencer_T143 19702-19868 Sentence denotes All samples were tested in duplicate and sections were controlled appropriately for TGEV, PEDV and Rotavirus A with positive and negative controls (Additional file 1:
TextSentencer_T144 19869-19881 Sentence denotes Figure S1 ).
TextSentencer_T144 19869-19881 Sentence denotes Figure S1 ).
TextSentencer_T145 19882-20135 Sentence denotes In situ hybridization ISH-RNA was developed through the RNAScope platform (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc., CA), targeting the specific reverse complementary nucleotide sequence of the TGE viral mRNA (716-1859 region of spike gene, GenBank: KC609371.1).
TextSentencer_T145 19882-20135 Sentence denotes In situ hybridization ISH-RNA was developed through the RNAScope platform (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc., CA), targeting the specific reverse complementary nucleotide sequence of the TGE viral mRNA (716-1859 region of spike gene, GenBank: KC609371.1).
TextSentencer_T146 20136-20270 Sentence denotes Therefore, positive hybridization signals represent a metabolically-active virus characterized by the TGE mRNA encoding spike protein.
TextSentencer_T146 20136-20270 Sentence denotes Therefore, positive hybridization signals represent a metabolically-active virus characterized by the TGE mRNA encoding spike protein.
TextSentencer_T147 20271-20351 Sentence denotes Unstained paraffin tissue sections were processed as previously described [33] .
TextSentencer_T147 20271-20351 Sentence denotes Unstained paraffin tissue sections were processed as previously described [33] .
TextSentencer_T148 20352-20455 Sentence denotes Briefly, tissues were deparaffinized and treated with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature for 10 min.
TextSentencer_T148 20352-20455 Sentence denotes Briefly, tissues were deparaffinized and treated with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature for 10 min.
TextSentencer_T149 20456-20548 Sentence denotes The slides were hybridized using a hybridization buffer, and sequence amplifiers were added.
TextSentencer_T149 20456-20548 Sentence denotes The slides were hybridized using a hybridization buffer, and sequence amplifiers were added.
TextSentencer_T150 20549-20664 Sentence denotes The red colorimetric staining detected the TGE hybridization signal, and counterstaining occurred with hematoxylin.
TextSentencer_T150 20549-20664 Sentence denotes The red colorimetric staining detected the TGE hybridization signal, and counterstaining occurred with hematoxylin.
TextSentencer_T151 20665-20851 Sentence denotes Representative sections of small intestine were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (PBS) and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in PBS.
TextSentencer_T151 20665-20851 Sentence denotes Representative sections of small intestine were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (PBS) and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in PBS.
TextSentencer_T152 20852-20977 Sentence denotes After dehydration in an alcohol series, the fragments were embedded in epoxy resin, Quetol 812 (Nisshin EM Co., Ltd., Tokyo).
TextSentencer_T152 20852-20977 Sentence denotes After dehydration in an alcohol series, the fragments were embedded in epoxy resin, Quetol 812 (Nisshin EM Co., Ltd., Tokyo).
TextSentencer_T153 20978-21097 Sentence denotes Ultrathin sections were cut, double-stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate, and observed under a JEM-1200EX (JEOL Co.
TextSentencer_T153 20978-21097 Sentence denotes Ultrathin sections were cut, double-stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate, and observed under a JEM-1200EX (JEOL Co.
TextSentencer_T154 21098-21111 Sentence denotes Ltd., Tokyo).
TextSentencer_T154 21098-21111 Sentence denotes Ltd., Tokyo).