PubMed:25762162
Annnotations
PubMed_ArguminSci
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 97-244 | DRI_Background | denotes | The use of a yeast cell wall extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Actigen(®)) has been proposed as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. |
T2 | 245-420 | DRI_Background | denotes | This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of yeast cell extract as an alternative to zinc bacitracin or salinomycin using a necrotic enteritis challenge model. |
T3 | 421-516 | DRI_Background | denotes | A feeding study was conducted using 480-day-old male Ross 308 chicks assigned to 48 floor pens. |
T4 | 575-794 | DRI_Background | denotes | The factors were: challenge (- or +) and feed additive (control, zinc bacitracin at 100/50 mg/kg, yeast cell wall extract at 400/800/200 mg/kg, or salinomycin at 60 mg/kg in starter, grower, and finisher, respectively). |
T5 | 795-942 | DRI_Background | denotes | Diets based on wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, meat and bone meal, and canola meal were formulated according to the Ross 308 nutrient specifications. |
T6 | 943-1129 | DRI_Approach | denotes | Birds were challenged using a previously established protocol (attenuated Eimeria spp oocysts) on d 9 and 10(8) to 10(9) Clostridium perfringens (type A strain EHE-NE18) on d 14 and 15). |
T7 | 1130-1210 | DRI_Background | denotes | Challenged and unchallenged birds were partitioned to avoid cross contamination. |
T8 | 1211-1337 | DRI_Background | denotes | Challenged birds had lower weight gain, feed intake and livability compared to unchallenged birds on d 24 and d 35 (P < 0.05). |
T9 | 1338-1497 | DRI_Background | denotes | Birds given zinc bacitracin, yeast cell wall extract, or salinomycin had improved weight gain and livability when compared to control birds given no additives. |
T10 | 1498-1606 | DRI_Background | denotes | Challenge × additive interactions were observed for feed intake and weight gain on d 24 and d 35 (P < 0.01). |
T11 | 1607-1737 | DRI_Outcome | denotes | The additives all had a greater positive impact on feed intake, weight gain, and livability in challenged than unchallenged birds. |
T12 | 1738-1885 | DRI_Outcome | denotes | All challenged birds showed higher necrotic enteritis lesion scores in the small intestine sections when compared to unchallenged birds (P < 0.01). |
T13 | 1886-2027 | DRI_Background | denotes | Birds fed yeast cell wall extract exhibited increased villus height, decreased crypt depth, and increased villus:crypt ratio when challenged. |
T14 | 2028-2180 | DRI_Background | denotes | Yeast cell wall extract, zinc bacitracin, and salinomycin were effective in preventing performance decline from necrotic enteritis in the current study. |
T15 | 2181-2288 | DRI_Background | denotes | This study indicates that yeast cell wall extract has promise as a tool for controlling necrotic enteritis. |
Goldhamster2_Cellosaurus
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 34-35 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
T2 | 108-109 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
T3 | 185-188 | CVCL_6758|Undefined_cell_line_type|Cricetulus griseus | denotes | has |
T4 | 185-188 | CVCL_E689|Transformed_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | has |
T5 | 206-208 | CVCL_8754|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | an |
T6 | 206-208 | CVCL_H241|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | an |
T7 | 328-330 | CVCL_8754|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | an |
T8 | 328-330 | CVCL_H241|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | an |
T9 | 383-384 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
T10 | 421-422 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | A |
T11 | 479-482 | CVCL_5782|Cancer_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | 308 |
T12 | 502-504 | CVCL_J728|Hybridoma|Mus musculus | denotes | 48 |
T13 | 517-524 | CVCL_1R83|Hybrid_cell_line|Homo sapiens,Mus musculus | denotes | A 2 × 4 |
T14 | 517-524 | CVCL_V064|Spontaneously_immortalized_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | A 2 × 4 |
T15 | 517-520 | CVCL_1939|Spontaneously_immortalized_cell_line|Xiphophorus xiphidium | denotes | A 2 |
T16 | 517-520 | CVCL_4099|Spontaneously_immortalized_cell_line|Cricetulus griseus | denotes | A 2 |
T17 | 517-520 | CVCL_RG54|Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell|Homo sapiens | denotes | A 2 |
T18 | 517-520 | CVCL_ZU42|Transformed_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | A 2 |
T19 | 517-518 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | A |
T20 | 663-665 | CVCL_ZC06|Finite_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | 50 |
T21 | 737-739 | CVCL_C917|Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell|Homo sapiens | denotes | 60 |
T22 | 849-853 | CVCL_D953|Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell|Homo sapiens | denotes | bone |
T23 | 914-917 | CVCL_5782|Cancer_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | 308 |
T24 | 971-972 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
T25 | 1041-1044 | CVCL_U820|Hybridoma|Mus musculus | denotes | d 9 |
T26 | 1041-1044 | CVCL_VN23|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | d 9 |
T27 | 1041-1044 | CVCL_Z755|Spontaneously_immortalized_cell_line|Drosophila melanogaster | denotes | d 9 |
T28 | 1049-1054 | CVCL_ZT27|Transformed_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | 10(8) |
T29 | 1094-1095 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | A |
T30 | 1107-1111 | CVCL_7083|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | NE18 |
T31 | 1116-1120 | CVCL_J750|Hybridoma|Mus musculus | denotes | d 14 |
T32 | 1118-1120 | CVCL_ZS48|Finite_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | 14 |
T33 | 1321-1325 | CVCL_DG37|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | d 35 |
T34 | 1323-1325 | CVCL_4630|Cancer_cell_line|Rattus norvegicus | denotes | 35 |
T35 | 1590-1594 | CVCL_DG37|Cancer_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | d 35 |
T36 | 1592-1594 | CVCL_4630|Cancer_cell_line|Rattus norvegicus | denotes | 35 |
T37 | 1629-1630 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
T38 | 2231-2234 | CVCL_6758|Undefined_cell_line_type|Cricetulus griseus | denotes | has |
T39 | 2231-2234 | CVCL_E689|Transformed_cell_line|Homo sapiens | denotes | has |
T40 | 2246-2247 | CVCL_6479|Finite_cell_line|Mus musculus | denotes | a |
GoldHamster
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 7-12 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T1 | 7-12 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T3 | 13-22 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T4 | 18-22 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T5 | 55-61 | PR:Q54JW9 | denotes | impact |
T6 | 55-61 | PR:Q642J4 | denotes | impact |
T7 | 74-83 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T8 | 74-83 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T10 | 110-115 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T9 | 110-115 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T11 | 116-125 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T12 | 121-125 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T14 | 147-171 | 350141 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
T17 | 147-171 | 9511 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
T15 | 147-171 | D012441 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
T16 | 147-171 | 4932 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
T18 | 232-243 | D000900 | denotes | antibiotics |
T19 | 232-243 | D000900 | denotes | antibiotics |
T20 | 232-243 | CHEBI:33281 | denotes | antibiotics |
T22 | 306-311 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T21 | 306-311 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T27 | 346-350 | 11416 | denotes | zinc |
T29 | 346-361 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T30 | 346-361 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T33 | 351-361 | 1291 | denotes | bacitracin |
T36 | 365-376 | 1311566 | denotes | salinomycin |
T35 | 365-376 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T37 | 365-376 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T38 | 365-376 | CHEBI:80025 | denotes | salinomycin |
T39 | 394-403 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T40 | 394-403 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T41 | 469-473 | UBERON:0003101 | denotes | male |
T42 | 469-473 | CHEBI:30780 | denotes | male |
T47 | 640-644 | 11416 | denotes | zinc |
T49 | 640-655 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T50 | 640-655 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T53 | 645-655 | 1291 | denotes | bacitracin |
T56 | 673-678 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T55 | 673-678 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T57 | 679-688 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T58 | 684-688 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T60 | 722-733 | 1311566 | denotes | salinomycin |
T59 | 722-733 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T61 | 722-733 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T62 | 722-733 | CHEBI:80025 | denotes | salinomycin |
T63 | 810-815 | 1441652 | denotes | wheat |
T65 | 810-815 | 901299 | denotes | wheat |
T64 | 810-815 | 4565 | denotes | wheat |
T66 | 810-815 | D014908 | denotes | wheat |
T67 | 817-824 | 4558 | denotes | sorghum |
T68 | 817-824 | D045868 | denotes | sorghum |
T69 | 826-833 | 287515 | denotes | soybean |
T71 | 826-833 | 891668 | denotes | soybean |
T70 | 826-833 | 3847 | denotes | soybean |
T72 | 826-833 | D013025 | denotes | soybean |
T73 | 849-853 | UBERON:0001474 | denotes | bone |
T74 | 849-853 | UBERON:0002481 | denotes | bone |
T75 | 849-858 | C027762 | denotes | bone meal |
T76 | 849-858 | C027762 | denotes | bone meal |
T77 | 918-926 | CHEBI:33284 | denotes | nutrient |
T78 | 943-948 | D001717 | denotes | Birds |
T79 | 1017-1024 | 1680547 | denotes | Eimeria |
T80 | 1017-1024 | 2126978 | denotes | Eimeria |
T81 | 1017-1024 | D004539 | denotes | Eimeria |
T82 | 1017-1024 | 1680543 | denotes | Eimeria |
T83 | 1025-1028 | P68885 | denotes | spp |
T84 | 1025-1028 | PR:000008621 | denotes | spp |
T85 | 1025-1028 | PR:Q9FIH8 | denotes | spp |
T86 | 1025-1028 | D9TT09 | denotes | spp |
T88 | 1025-1028 | P0DD39 | denotes | spp |
T89 | 1025-1028 | PR:000014801 | denotes | spp |
T90 | 1025-1028 | PR:O81062 | denotes | spp |
T91 | 1025-1028 | PR:Q8TCT9 | denotes | spp |
T92 | 1025-1028 | P0DD38 | denotes | spp |
T93 | 1025-1028 | PR:000050056 | denotes | spp |
T94 | 1025-1028 | Q9JI99 | denotes | spp |
T95 | 1025-1028 | Q5X9P3 | denotes | spp |
T96 | 1025-1028 | Q48R29 | denotes | spp |
T97 | 1025-1028 | PR:Q9VPQ7 | denotes | spp |
T98 | 1025-1028 | P0C0J1 | denotes | spp |
T99 | 1025-1028 | P0C0J0 | denotes | spp |
T87 | 1025-1028 | GO:0042499 | denotes | spp |
T100 | 1029-1036 | D033661 | denotes | oocysts |
T102 | 1064-1087 | 1502 | denotes | Clostridium perfringens |
T103 | 1064-1087 | D003016 | denotes | Clostridium perfringens |
T104 | 1089-1095 | P02855 | denotes | type A |
T105 | 1107-1111 | CVCL_7083 | denotes | NE18 |
T110 | 1238-1249 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T111 | 1238-1249 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T112 | 1245-1249 | SO:0001742 | denotes | gain |
T114 | 1338-1343 | D001717 | denotes | Birds |
T119 | 1350-1354 | 11416 | denotes | zinc |
T121 | 1350-1365 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T122 | 1350-1365 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T125 | 1355-1365 | 1291 | denotes | bacitracin |
T128 | 1367-1372 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T127 | 1367-1372 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T129 | 1373-1382 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T130 | 1378-1382 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T132 | 1395-1406 | 1311566 | denotes | salinomycin |
T131 | 1395-1406 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T133 | 1395-1406 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T134 | 1395-1406 | CHEBI:80025 | denotes | salinomycin |
T135 | 1420-1431 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T136 | 1420-1431 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T137 | 1427-1431 | SO:0001742 | denotes | gain |
T138 | 1566-1577 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T139 | 1566-1577 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T140 | 1573-1577 | SO:0001742 | denotes | gain |
T142 | 1648-1654 | PR:Q54JW9 | denotes | impact |
T143 | 1648-1654 | PR:Q642J4 | denotes | impact |
T144 | 1671-1682 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T145 | 1671-1682 | D015430 | denotes | weight gain |
T146 | 1678-1682 | SO:0001742 | denotes | gain |
T147 | 1782-1791 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T148 | 1782-1791 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T149 | 1813-1828 | UBERON:0002108 | denotes | small intestine |
T151 | 1886-1891 | D001717 | denotes | Birds |
T153 | 1896-1901 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T152 | 1896-1901 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T154 | 1902-1911 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T155 | 1907-1911 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T156 | 1940-1946 | UBERON:0001213 | denotes | villus |
T157 | 1992-1998 | UBERON:0001213 | denotes | villus |
T159 | 2028-2033 | 214355 | denotes | Yeast |
T158 | 2028-2033 | D015003 | denotes | Yeast |
T160 | 2034-2043 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T161 | 2039-2043 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T166 | 2053-2057 | 11416 | denotes | zinc |
T168 | 2053-2068 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T169 | 2053-2068 | D001414 | denotes | zinc bacitracin |
T172 | 2058-2068 | 1291 | denotes | bacitracin |
T175 | 2074-2085 | 1311566 | denotes | salinomycin |
T174 | 2074-2085 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T176 | 2074-2085 | C010327 | denotes | salinomycin |
T177 | 2074-2085 | CHEBI:80025 | denotes | salinomycin |
T178 | 2149-2158 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T179 | 2149-2158 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T181 | 2207-2212 | 214355 | denotes | yeast |
T180 | 2207-2212 | D015003 | denotes | yeast |
T182 | 2213-2222 | GO:0005618 | denotes | cell wall |
T183 | 2218-2222 | UBERON:0000060 | denotes | wall |
T184 | 2278-2287 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |
T185 | 2278-2287 | D004751 | denotes | enteritis |