Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-101 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Activation of Toll-like receptor-2 by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors from a protozoan parasite. |
T2 |
102-301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) from parasitic protozoa have been shown to exert a wide variety of effects on cells of the host innate immune system. |
T3 |
302-401 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the receptor(s) that are triggered by these protozoan glycolipids has not been identified. |
T4 |
402-658 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Here we present evidence that Trypanosoma cruzi-derived GPI anchors and GIPLs trigger CD25 expression on Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells transfected with CD14 and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), but not wild-type (TLR-2-deficient) Chinese hamster ovary cells. |
T5 |
659-847 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The protozoan-derived GPI anchors and GIPLs containing alkylacylglycerol and saturated fatty acid chains or ceramide were found to be active in a concentration range of 100 nM to 1 microM. |
T6 |
848-1093 |
Sentence |
denotes |
More importantly, the GPI anchors purified from T. cruzi trypomastigotes, which contain a longer glycan core and unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position of the alkylacylglycerolipid component, triggered TLR-2 at subnanomolar concentrations. |
T7 |
1094-1332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We performed experiments with macrophages from TLR-2 knockout and TLR-4 knockout mice, and found that TLR-2 expression appears to be essential for induction of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO by GPI anchors derived from T. cruzi trypomastigotes. |
T8 |
1333-1455 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, highly purified GPI anchors from T. cruzi parasites are potent activators of TLR-2 from both mouse and human origin. |
T9 |
1456-1661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The activation of TLR-2 may initiate host innate defense mechanisms and inflammatory response during protozoan infection, and may provide new strategies for immune intervention during protozoan infections. |
T1 |
0-101 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Activation of Toll-like receptor-2 by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors from a protozoan parasite. |
T2 |
102-301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) from parasitic protozoa have been shown to exert a wide variety of effects on cells of the host innate immune system. |
T3 |
302-401 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the receptor(s) that are triggered by these protozoan glycolipids has not been identified. |
T4 |
402-658 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Here we present evidence that Trypanosoma cruzi-derived GPI anchors and GIPLs trigger CD25 expression on Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells transfected with CD14 and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), but not wild-type (TLR-2-deficient) Chinese hamster ovary cells. |
T5 |
659-847 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The protozoan-derived GPI anchors and GIPLs containing alkylacylglycerol and saturated fatty acid chains or ceramide were found to be active in a concentration range of 100 nM to 1 microM. |
T6 |
848-1093 |
Sentence |
denotes |
More importantly, the GPI anchors purified from T. cruzi trypomastigotes, which contain a longer glycan core and unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position of the alkylacylglycerolipid component, triggered TLR-2 at subnanomolar concentrations. |
T7 |
1094-1332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We performed experiments with macrophages from TLR-2 knockout and TLR-4 knockout mice, and found that TLR-2 expression appears to be essential for induction of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO by GPI anchors derived from T. cruzi trypomastigotes. |
T8 |
1333-1455 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, highly purified GPI anchors from T. cruzi parasites are potent activators of TLR-2 from both mouse and human origin. |
T9 |
1456-1661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The activation of TLR-2 may initiate host innate defense mechanisms and inflammatory response during protozoan infection, and may provide new strategies for immune intervention during protozoan infections. |