After incubating the LB agar plate with the bacteria to form plaques at 37 °C, the plate was lysed by pouring 5 mL of SM buffer on top of the plate and shaking, gently, for 15 min. The phage suspension in the buffer was collected and centrifuged at 4000× g for 5 min to remove cell debris. The phage lysate was filter sterilized and stored at 4 °C.