Nutrient   All subjects (n = 47)   GDS 1–3 (n = 23)   GDS 4-7 (n = 24)   P-valuea
Carotenoids (pmol/g)
Lutein  79.50 (52.57)  76.34 (43.72)  82.52 (60.65)  0.828
Zeaxanthin  26.97 (12.73)  28.36 (14.06)  25.63 (11.44)  0.404
Cryptoxanthin (α+β)  62.06 (67.97)  57.15 (47.61)  66.76 (83.81)  0.787
β-Carotene  55.86 (35.56)  46.22 (24.20)  65.09 (42.27)  0.130
Lycopene  20.41 (21.38)  21.63 (21.57)  19.25 (21.59)  0.901
Retinol (pmol/g)  691.97 (305.56)  674.11 (286.94)  709.10 (327.65)  0.688
Vitamin E (pmol/g)
α-Tocopherol  66,917 (13,676)  68,303 (13,732)  65,588 (13,782)  0.526
γ-Tocopherol  1,742 (1,018)  1,891 (1,049)  1,600 (989)  0.208
Vitamin K (pmol/g)   b
Phylloquinone  0.40 (0.39)  0.35 (0.42)  0.45 (0.36)  0.276
Menaquinone-4  4.96 (2.32)  5.05 (2.82)  4.88 (1.82)  0.772
Fatty acid (nmol/mg)
Total SFA  15.36 (2.30)  15.04 (2.40)  15.66 (2.21)  0.333
Total MUFA  7.00 (2.41)  6.83 (1.93)  7.17 (2.83)  0.723
Total n-3 PUFA  4.20 (0.67)  4.11 (0.73)  4.29 (0.60)  0.321
Total n-6 PUFA  5.53 (1.26)  5.41 (1.04)  5.63 (1.45)  0.569
Total trans-FA  0.25 (0.09)  0.22 (0.06)  0.28 (0.10)  0.020