Gene Ontology Annotation data for all viral proteins, including those of SARS-CoV-2, were downloaded from the EBI FTP site (see https://github.com/TranslatorIIPrototypes/ViralProteome for details). The knowledge graph integration tool KGX (https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/kgx) was used to merge the GOA data and create a ROBOKOP-formatted graph. In total, the COVID-KOP database and knowledge graph comprise nodes for 40 000 proteins, 4000 NCBITaxon (Federhen, 2012) terms, 1300 GO annotations (Ashburner et al., 2000) and 232 000 new edges (labeled as ‘related_to’) on top of those in ROBOKOP. We use bidirectional edges for these linkages because the connection directionality is not provided in primary sources.