Table 1 Parameter settings for the sample drive-through simulation experiment. Parameters Value Lane 1-Lane10 Open Minimum number of passengers in cars 1 Maximum number of passengers in cars 5 Number of cars coming to drive through per min 5 Average registration time (min) 4.24 Average vaccination time (min) 3.26 Average recovery time (min) 4 Number of staff in each station in lane 1-lane10 4 Assign High Occupancy Lanes (HOV) FALSE Fraction of cars pre-registered for vaccination (0–1) 50 Pre-registration impact factor (0–1) 0.5 Consider pre-registration TRUE Low occupancy vehicle FALSE Fraction of non-adult passengers 0.15 Fraction of cars rejected at screening 0.01 Shift hours 8 Number of shifts 3 Average screening time 0.5 Minimum screening time 0.25 Maximum screening time 0.5 Dynamically learn and adjust cars going to each lane TRUE Use schedule for incoming cars FALSE