Potential participants were approached opportunistically by a research team member from February until the end of April 2019 at the departure lounge at King Abdul Aziz International Airport in Jeddah city. They were asked if they had time to participate in a short survey concerning the preventative measures in Umrah practice. Those who agreed were administered the questionnaire by one of the 22 trained personnel who recorded the responses electronically into an automated dataset that excluded incomplete questionnaires. Participants had to be at least 18 years of age; there were no exclusion criteria.