Table 1  Sample characteristics.
Total(n = 3157)  Boys(n = 1597)  Girls(n = 1560)   p a
Children’s age, mean years (SD)  3.1 (1.38)  3.1 (1.38)  3.1 (1.38)  0.459
Children’s age, n(%)
    1–2 y  1243 (39.4)  635 (39.8)  608 (39.0)  0.833
    3–4 y  1345 (42.6)  672 (42.1)  673 (43.1)
    5 y  569 (18.0)  290 (18.1)  279 (17.9)
Main caregiver’s sex, woman, n (%)  3048 (96.6)  1523 (95.4)  1525 (97.8)  <0.001
Main caregiver’s age, mean years (SD)  31.4 (6.06)  31.2 (6.01)  31.6 (6.10)  0.098
Main caregiver’s age category, n (%)
    ≥18–<25 years  440 (13.9)  236 (14.8)  204 (13.1)  0.076
    ≥25–<35 years  1769 (56.0)  888 (55.6)  881 (56.5)
    ≥35–<45 years  894 (28.3)  454 (28.4)  440 (28.2)
    ≥45 years  54 (1.7)  19 (1.2)  35 (2.2)
Family’s monthly income, n (%)
    <530 USD  1201 (32.3)  504 (31.6)  517 (33.1)  0.589
    ≥530–<1830 USD  1546 (49.0)  787 (49.3)  759 (48.7)
    ≥1830 USD  590 (18.7)  300 (19.1)  284 (18.2)
Main caregiver’s level of education, n (%)
    Incomplete high school  102 (3.2)  49 (3.1)  53 (3.4)  0.716
    Complete high school  982 (31.1)  499 (31.2)  483 (31.0)
    Technical degree  420 (13.3)  222 (13.9)  198 (12.7)
    University degree  1653 (52.4)  827 (51.8)  826 (52.9)
Children enrolled in ECEC, yes, n (%)
    1- to 2-year-old  699 (28.1)  366 (29.1)  333 (27.1)  0.247
    3- to 5-year-old  1786 (71.9)  891 (70.9)  895 (72.9)
Dwelling type, n (%)
    House  2576 (81.6)  1310 (82.0)  1266 (81.1)  0.696
    Apartment  475 (15.0)  232 (14.5)  243 (15.6)
    Other  106 (3.4)  55 (3.4)  51 (3.3)
Home size, n (%)
    <50 m2  810 (25.7)  424 (26.6)  386 (24.7)  0.458
    50 to <100 m2  1607 (50.9)  798 (50.0)  809 (51.9)
    ≥100 m2  740 (23.4)  375 (23.5)  365 (23.4)
Number of people per home, mean (SD)  4.1 (1.40)  4.2 (1.48)  4.1 (1.31)  0.013
Number of children per home, mean (SD)  1.7 (0.82)  1.6 (0.76)  1.7 (0.88)  0.004
Children per home, n (%)
    1 child  1511 (47.9)  778 (48.7)  733 (47.0)  0.026
    2 children  1190 (37.7)  615 (38.5)  575 (36.9)
    3 or more  456 (14.4)  204 (12.8)  252 (16.1)
Squared meters per person at home, n (%)
    <11.7 m2 per person  802 (25.4)  393 (24.6)  409 (26.2)  0.530
    ≥11.7 to <18.3 m2 per person  724 (22.9)  373 (23.4)  351 (22.5)
    ≥18.3 to <25 m2 per person  721 (22.8)  357 (22.3)  364 (23.3)
    ≥25 m2 per person  910 (28.8)  474 (29.7)  436 (28.0)
Available space to play, n (%)
    Yes  2926 (92.7)  1481 (92.7)  1445 (92.6)  0.907
Living area, n (%)
    Urban  2797 (88.6)  1410 (88.3)  1387 (88.9)  0.584
    Rural  360 (11.4)  187 (11.7)  173 (11.1)
Lockdown, n(%)
    Yes  2409 (76.3)  1211 (75.8)  1198 (76.8)  0.524
Number of days, mean (SD)  23.5 (7.26)  23.267 (7.37)  23.2 (7.15)  0.786
Abbreviations: ECEC, early childhood care and education centers; USD, United States dollar. a: significance when comparing characteristics between boys and girls.