3.5. Covariates
We controlled for the socioeconomic variables of gender (dichotomous; 0 = male, 1 = female), age, years of education (both continuous), and marital status (with partner = 1, or without a partner = 0).
All the instruments were translated into Hebrew and Arabic by bilingual translators. The complete questionnaire underwent a pilot test. The questionnaire took approximately 15 min to complete, the verbal instructions were comprehensible, and there was no need for further changes prior to administering it.