Validity was strengthened as data were collected and analysed by researchers who were not involved in the delivery of the testing programme. There were more female than male participants in our study (no students identified as non-binary), which reflects the gender balance of students completing a veterinary degree, with proposed figures of 77% [25] and 80% [26], but is higher than the proportion of females across all higher education students in the UK, estimated to be 57% [27]. Due to the cross-sectional survey data collected in this study, it is not possible to determine the temporal nature of any associations presented here (i.e., whether the P-ATS led to any psychological or behavioural changes). The small sample size may affect the generalisability of results, although the survey response rate was adequate to address the study aims. Similarly, given the aim of the study, the sample specificity, the rich dataset, in-depth insights into the phenomena of interest and the analysis approach adopted [28], the qualitative sample was deemed to have sufficient information power, although further insights from a larger sample of staff may be valuable for future research. The positive evaluation should be interpreted in the light of known drawbacks of universal testing such as false-positive and false-negative tests, the difficulty of defining an active infection and significant resource implications [29,30].