Table 5  Patients with incident atrial fibrillation in COVID-19.
Atrial Fibrillation (n = 11)  No Atrial Fibrillation (n = 128)  p-Value
Female  2 (18.2)  45 (35.2)  0.287 *
Age (years), mean ± SD  71.6 ± 8.9  60.2 ± 16.4  0.024 †
Hypertension  6 (54.5)  54 (42.2)  0.491 *
Cardiovascular disease  4 (36.4)  13 (10.2)  0.023 *
LVEF (%), mean ± SD  56.8 ± 10.1 (n = 5)  57.0 ± 6.9 (n = 24)  0.966 †
Diabetes  3 (27.3)  23 (18.0)  0.358 *
Obesity  2 (22.2) (n = 9)  29 (26.9) (n = 104)  1.000 *
hsTnT (pg/mL)  132 (37.0; 993) (n = 7)  12.0 (7.0; 30.0) (n = 111)  <0.001 ‡
NTproBNP (ng/L)  7,304 (4,336; 32,627) (n = 7)  535 (187; 2358) (n = 99)  0.001 ‡
CRP (mg/L)  214 (150; 288) (n = 9)  103 (48.0; 164) (n = 126)  0.012 ‡
Interleukin-6 (ng/L)  2,132 (358; 4538) (n = 4)  50.0 (25.0; 113) (n = 91)  0.004 ‡
LDH (U/L)  719 (493; 836) (n = 9)  415 (319; 530) (n = 123)  0.003 ‡
Duration of hospitalization (days), median (P25; P75)  31.0 (16.0; 35.5) (n = 8)  9.0 (5.0; 15.0) (n = 120)  0.007 ‡
Admission to ICU/IMC  8 (72.7)  46 (35.9)  0.016 *
Duration of ICU/IMC stay (days), median (P25; P75)  28.5 (14.5; 33.0)  7.5 (3.0; 18.5)  0.019 ‡
Oxygen therapy  7 (63.6)  79 (61.7)  1.000 *
HFNC/NIV therapy  6 (54.5)  23 (18.1)  0.008 *
Mechanical ventilation  9 (81.8)  20 (15.6)  <0.001 *
Duration of ventilation (days), median (P25; P75)  18.0 (9.5; 33.0)  16.5 (7.3; 26.5)  0.562 ‡
Vasopressor therapy  7 (63.6)  15 (11.7)  <0.001 *
Myocardial infarction  2 (18.2)  2 (1.6)  0.026 *
Death  4 (36.4)  14 (10.9)  0.029 *
CRP = C-reactive protein; HFNC = high-flow nasal canula; hsTnT = high-sensitive troponin T; ICU = intensive care unit; IMC = intermediate care unit; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NIV = non-invasive ventilation; NTproBNP = n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. * = Fisher-Boschloo-test; † = t-test; ‡ = Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-test.