Characteristics(n,%)  Total  No Depressive Symptoms  DepressiveSymptoms  χ2 or t  df   p
Overall  500  378 (75.6)  122 (24.4)
Age     15.7  4   0.003
18–27  116 (23.2)  77 (20.4)  39 (32.0)
28–37  129 (25.8)  95 (25.1)  34 (27.9)
38–47  83 (16.6)  59 (15.6)  24 (19.7)
48–57  81 (16.2)  70 (18.5)  11 (9.0)
>57  91 (18.2)  77 (20.4)  14 (11.5)
Gender     4.77  1   0.029
Male  202 (40.4)  163 (43.1)  39 (32.0)
Female  298 (59.6)  215 (56.9)  83 (68.0)
Educational level     1.24  1  0.266
≤Undergraduate  147 (29.4)  116 (30.7)  31 (25.4)
≥Graduate  353 (70.6)  262 (69.3)  91 (74.6)
Occupation     0.03  2  0.985
Student  72 (14.4)  55 (14.6)  17 (13.9)
Employed  350 (70.0)  264 (69.8)  86 (70.5)
Unemployed  78 (15.6)  59 (15.6)  19 (15.6)
Marital status     0.81  1  0.367
Married  181 (36.2)  141 (37.3)  40 (32.8)
Unmarried  319 (63.8)  237 (62.7)  82 (67.2)
Lifetime history of chronic disease  148 (29.6)  107 (28.3)  41 (33.6)  1.24  1  0.265
Family history of psychiatric disorders  67 (13.4)  50 (13.2)  17 (13.9)  0.03  1  0.842
Living alone  70 (14.0)  55 (14.6)  15 (12.3)  0.39  1  0.533
Changes in working activities  439 (87.8)  331 (87.6)  108 (88.5)  0.08  1  0.779
Working on frontline  128 (25.6)  97 (25.7)  31 (25.4)  0.01  1  0.956
Contact with COVID-19 cases  65 (13.0)  49 (13.0)  16 (13.1)  0.01  1  0.965
Psychometric assessment (M ± SD)
SHAPS  1.2 ± 2.4  0.7 ± 1.6  2.8 ± 3.7  −8.6  1   <0.001
DERS  75.7 ± 23.1  68.2 ± 16.7  98.8 ± 24.7  −15.4  1   <0.001