degraded in the bacterial cytoplasm; thus, efficient one-step production of mature Tα1 in E. coli is not feasible. An alternative would be expression as part of a larger protein such as natural ProTα [26], as artificial concatamers [27], in fusion with an intein [28] or in fusion with a highly expressed bacterial protein like thioredoxin [29]. In each case, enzymatic or chemical cleav