Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retroviruses) and are classified into two based on the genetic characteristics and viral antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV infection may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a progressive failure of the immune system. Over time, AIDS causes life-threatening opportunistic infections and a condition in which cancer thrives (Douek et al. 2009; Powell et al. 2016).