sion 4.2.6 program revealed that the binding affinities of the WS phytoconstituents for the human ACE2 receptor decreased in the order withanolide B > withanolide A > withanolide E > viscosalactone B > withaferin A > anaferine > withanolide D > withanone > withasomnine. Withanolide B exhibited a 1000× stronger binding to human ACE2 receptor (Table 5; BE: −10.21 kcal/mol, Kd: 32.78 nM) as compared to standard reference drugs, arbidol (Table 5; BE: −6.69 kcal/mol, Kd: 12.47 µM)