NAS, Nucleic acid sensors; RIG-I, Retinoic acid-inducible gene I; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor; STING, ER-associated stimulator of interferon genes; FADD, FAS-associated death domain protein; IRF, Interferon regulatory factor (IRF3/7); TRADD, TNFR1-associated death domain protein; IKKε, IκB kinase-ε; RIPK1, Receptor-interacting protein 1; TANK, TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; ISG, Interferon stimulatory gene; TRIM25, Tripartite motif-containing protein 25.