f TRAF with MAVS is suggested to determine the type of downstream signaling, i.e., IRF3/7 and/or NF-κB. At the MAVS junction, the association of TRAF5/6 with TRADD, FADD, and RIPK1 activates NF-κB. Whereas, binding of MAVS with STING activates TBK1 and IKKε by interacting with TRAF2/3, which eventually results in the activation of IRF3 and IRF7 (Chen et al., 2014). Activated IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB translocate to the nucleus and induce the expression of IFN genes. (B) The transcribed IFNs act on the respective IFN receptors (IFNRs) present on the host