Surfactants have been reported previously to enhance the inactivation of viruses [65, 66], which is in agreement with our results for Φ6. High concentrations of surfactant are very effective in inactivating enveloped viruses. For example, > 4 log10 reduction has been reported after 1 h incubation in an 80 μM surfactin solution [67]. According to electron microscopy, the decay mechanism was concluded to be the disintegration of the lipid membrane and partial disintegration of the protein capsid on enveloped viruses. Since the initial concentrations of SDS in our droplets were much lower (3.4 and 34 μM), the magnitude of virus decay in our study was lower than previously reported.