HCoV-NL63 was first isolated from the culture supernatant of tertiary monkey kidney cells inoculated with a nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen, no. NL63, obtained from a 7-month-old baby girl with bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis in Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands in 2003 and it was reported in 2004 [207]. In 2005, a novel strain, HCoV-New Haven (HCoV-NH), was identified by RT-PCR from RNA respiratory specimens collected from children less than 5 years of age from 2002 to 2003 in Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, US. HCoV sequence comparisons revealed that HCoV-NH is likely to be the same species as HCoV-NL63, suggesting worldwide distribution of respiratory tract disease caused by HCoV-NL63, particularly in children [208].